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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class=" story nytapp-vi-article " xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title data-rh="true">THE TOUGHEST JOB IN EDUCATION - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/13/education/the-toughest-job-in-education.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="THE TOUGHEST JOB IN EDUCATION (Published 1986)"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/images/icons/defaultCrop.png?year=1986"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" 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Maeroff</span></p><div class="css-1gqes1i epjyd6m0"></div></div></div><ul class="css-1cgskve epjyd6m4"><li class="css-ccw2r3 epjyd6m3"><time class="css-1uc6ajg e16638kd0" dateTime="1986-04-13T00:00:00-05:00">April 13, 1986</time></li></ul></div></div></header><section name="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-j3uhc5"><div class="css-1ve50l5"><div class="css-1si6tjw"><div class="css-p5jc4e"><figure class="" aria-label="media" role="group"><div data-testid="imageContainer-children-Image"><img alt="THE TOUGHEST JOB IN EDUCATION" class="css-rq4mmj" src="https://s1.nyt.com/timesmachine/pages/1/1986/04/13/054186_360W.png?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" srcSet="" decoding="async" width="1" height="1"/></div><figcaption data-testid="photoviewer-children-ImageCaption" class="css-ktho12 e3rygrp0"><span class="css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span aria-hidden="false">The New York Times Archives</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="css-l01qyp"><div class="css-2jki3x">See the article in its original context from <br/>April 13, 1986<!-- -->,<!-- --> <span>Section <!-- -->12<!-- -->,</span> Page<!-- --> <!-- -->54<span class="css-hzz0y8"></span><a class="css-4ejn01" href="https://store.nytimes.com/collections/new-york-times-page-reprints?utm_source=nytimes&utm_medium=article-page&utm_campaign=reprints">Buy Reprints</a></div><div class="css-1nq039c"><a class="css-1382yzd" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1986/04/13/054186.html" type="button" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">View on timesmachine</a></div><div class="css-1gus26i">TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers.</div></div></div><div class="css-1tmubey"><div class="css-bxutwf">About the Archive</div><div class="css-2kizte">This is a digitized version of an article from The Times鈥檚 print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.</div><div class="css-2kizte">Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions.</div></div></div></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-0"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">The eight perpetrators, looking contrite, are lined up facing Stanley Witty, the principal of Intermediate School 70 in the Chelsea section of Manhattan. Their offense: joining a snowball fight during lunch period in which a student was slightly injured.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">It was the sort of rowdy physical outburst common in the educational nexus known as junior high school, that link between elementary school and high school where children 12 to 15 years old begin masquerading as adults. Junior high school is widely regarded as education's hardest challenge because of the extraordinary difficulty of teaching boys and girls in whom the fires of puberty are starting to rage.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">''Junior high is the most difficult level for teachers and principals because the agenda of the students changes from learning long division to learning about the opposite sex,'' says Scott D. Thomson, executive director of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, in Washington, D.C. ''There are tremendous swings in their moods, and the student you see one day can be a different child the next day. It's so hard to keep them interested in learning.''</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Much of what happens at I.S. 70, then, could be happening at any other comparable school in the country. Junior high is the stage when some students would rather risk failing gym class than enter the locker room to undress; when boys fight in hallways because it seems necessary to their shaky masculinity to do so; when girls spend an inordinate amount of time applying makeup because they are uncertain of their attractiveness. Academic motivation suffers in such a climate, especially when it is psychologically more important to these students to win the approval of their peers rather than their teachers.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div data-testid="Dropzone-1"></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-1"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Jack Bloomfield, a former junior-high principal on Staten Island who is now chairman of the city's Board of Examiners, which tests teachers, once described junior high as a place where people behave in a manner that would be considered insane were they to act that way at any other time in their lives.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Under such circumstances, is formal education possible in junior high school?</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Mr. Witty steadfastly believes so, as he told his teachers in January at a staff meeting at which he stressed the importance of discipline. He wanted to insure, after a long Christmas break, that his teachers re-establish their authority. ''If a teacher comes to class well prepared,'' Mr. Witty says, ''and children know from the beginning that there are rules to follow, the kids will be able to learn.''</p><div class="css-1336jj"><div class="css-121kum4"><div class="css-171quhb"></div><div class="css-asuuk5"><noscript><div class="css-7axq9l" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-1b5b8u1"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 1 1 19 0 9.5 9.5 0 0 1-19 0Zm8.5 1.75v-7.5h2v7.5h-2Zm0 2v2h2v-2h-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">We are having trouble retrieving the article content.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.</p></div></div></noscript><div class="css-1dv1kvn" id="optimistic-truncator-a11y" tabindex="-1"><hr/><p>Thank you for your patience while we verify access. 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The eight perpetrators, looking contrite, are lined up facing Stanley Witty, the principal of Intermediate School 70 in the Chelsea section of Manhattan. Their offense: joining a snowball fight during lunch period in which a student was slightly injured. It was the sort of rowdy physical outburst common in the educational nexus known as junior high school, that link between elementary school and high school where children 12 to 15 years old begin masquerading as adults. Junior high school is widely regarded as education's hardest challenge because of the extraordinary difficulty of teaching boys and girls in whom the fires of puberty are starting to rage. ''Junior high is the most difficult level for teachers and principals because the agenda of the students changes from learning long division to learning about the opposite sex,'' says Scott D. Thomson, executive director of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, in Washington, D.C. ''There are tremendous swings in their moods, and the student you see one day can be a different child the next day. 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Maeroff"}],"hideHeadshots":false,"role":[],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},"headline":{"__typename":"Heading1Block","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"THE TOUGHEST JOB IN EDUCATION"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},"label":null,"ledeMedia":null,"subhead":null,"timestampBlock":{"__typename":"TimestampBlock","align":"DEFAULT","showUpdatedTimestamp":null,"timestamp":"1986-04-13T05:00:00.000Z"}},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The eight perpetrators, looking contrite, are lined up facing Stanley Witty, the principal of Intermediate School 70 in the Chelsea section of Manhattan. Their offense: joining a snowball fight during lunch period in which a student was slightly injured."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":0},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"It was the sort of rowdy physical outburst common in the educational nexus known as junior high school, that link between elementary school and high school where children 12 to 15 years old begin masquerading as adults. Junior high school is widely regarded as education's hardest challenge because of the extraordinary difficulty of teaching boys and girls in whom the fires of puberty are starting to rage."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":1},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''Junior high is the most difficult level for teachers and principals because the agenda of the students changes from learning long division to learning about the opposite sex,'' says Scott D. Thomson, executive director of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, in Washington, D.C. ''There are tremendous swings in their moods, and the student you see one day can be a different child the next day. It's so hard to keep them interested in learning.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":2},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Much of what happens at I.S. 70, then, could be happening at any other comparable school in the country. Junior high is the stage when some students would rather risk failing gym class than enter the locker room to undress; when boys fight in hallways because it seems necessary to their shaky masculinity to do so; when girls spend an inordinate amount of time applying makeup because they are uncertain of their attractiveness. Academic motivation suffers in such a climate, especially when it is psychologically more important to these students to win the approval of their peers rather than their teachers."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":3},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Jack Bloomfield, a former junior-high principal on Staten Island who is now chairman of the city's Board of Examiners, which tests teachers, once described junior high as a place where people behave in a manner that would be considered insane were they to act that way at any other time in their lives."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":4},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Under such circumstances, is formal education possible in junior high school?"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Mr. Witty steadfastly believes so, as he told his teachers in January at a staff meeting at which he stressed the importance of discipline. He wanted to insure, after a long Christmas break, that his teachers re-establish their authority. ''If a teacher comes to class well prepared,'' Mr. Witty says, ''and children know from the beginning that there are rules to follow, the kids will be able to learn.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":5},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"This philosophy guides the principal in dealing with the students involved in the snowball incident. He gives each a choice of telling his or her parent of the infraction or staying in the building during lunchtime for a week. ''I'm not being very severe with you,'' he tells them. ''I think I'm being reasonable. But if this happens again I won't be as lenient.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":6},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"A bearded, patriarchal figure, Mr. Witty is 55 years old and has been principal of I.S. 70, which also is known as the O. Henry School, for 8 of the 20 years the school has existed. He is responsible for 996 children enrolled from the sixth to the ninth grades (an anomaly for the New York City system, where most junior highs start with the seventh grade), and a staff of 85 in one of the city's most integrated schools - one-third each black, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white. The school draws its students from Chelsea and nearby Greenwich Village. Some of the students are the children of affluent parents, but 60 percent are from families poor enough to qualify for free lunch programs. THE STUDENTS work out of a graffiti-splattered four-story building on 17th Street, between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. Mr. Witty's office is the nerve center of the building; either he or his aides are continually meeting with someone at the large conference table that dominates the room. One moment it may be the students being reprimanded for throwing snowballs, the next it may be a conference with a social worker about suspending a student whose violent behavior is endangering others but whose parents refuse to allow the psychological testing needed to reassign him to a residential school for troubled adolescents. Often Mr. Witty can be found there reviewing his impressions with teachers whose classroom performance he has observed or conferring with a committee from the parents' association."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":7},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Mr. Witty notes that what most distinguishes junior high school from other levels of education is that it is the point at which problems that could still be soothed during the elementary-school years begin to bedevil children in ways that can no longer be ignored. By the time they reach junior high, students are old enough and have sufficient independence to get into the kind of trouble that was less likely to occur a few years earlier. Drug abuse and suicide become serious concerns, and so does pregnancy. Truancy becomes more common and worrisome."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":8},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''This is where you lose kids, not in high school,'' says Sal Tricamo, whom the students at I.S. 70 affectionately call ''Mr. T.'' Mr. Tricamo, with a $150,000 state grant, runs the school's Attendance Improvement Dropout Program for the 150 worst truants. The students are assigned in groups of 15 to teachers at I.S. 70 who are paid $126.90 each a week to act as mentors. In an effort to forge a sense of community, the mentors meet the students every morning for breakfast and gather them together for afternoon and evening activities."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":9},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''I find puberty is a large factor in their behavior and in their negative attitude toward school,'' says one mentor, Herb Dershowitz, a physical-education teacher, of his charges. ''They are rebelling, and it is made worse for some by the absence of a responsible adult in the home.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":10},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Mr. Witty cites the mentor program to show what can happen when a responsible adult gets involved in an adolescent's life. ''During the first half of the school year,'' he says, ''the vast majority of these kids - some of whom were absent 100 or more times each last year -were absent no more than 9 or 10 times. A few had no absences, which is fantastic. The key is Sal Tricamo.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":11},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The program certainly has benefited Pedro Natal, 16, who had repeated the sixth and seventh grades and who was well on the way toward doing the same in the eighth grade. Since attending the mentor program, Pedro compiled a B average in the most recent marking period. ''Mr. T was helping me and I decided to come back to class,'' Pedro explains."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":12},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"It is also in junior high that enormous differences in achievement begin to appear. In the same eighth-grade homeroom at I.S. 70 are students who read at a 12th-grade level and others who read at a third-grade level. Closing the gap is a daunting task. ''This age group is always the hardest to teach,'' says Gail Merker, who teaches Spanish. ''Their hormones are wild. They come in as sixth-graders wanting to learn and eager to please the teacher. They behave and do their homework. But by the seventh grade they aren't as eager to do their homework, and by the eighth grade they want the approval of their friends, not their teachers.'' MISS MERKER is not optimistic about the school's ability to counteract peer pressure and to motivate students who are languishing. ''Many are not interested and do not want to work,'' she says. ''Others are frustrated by an inability to do the work and so they say they are bored.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":13},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Important changes, Mr. Witty believes, could come about if there were more opportunities such as the mentor program in which personal relationships could be forged between teachers and small groups of students. But there is no money to pay for them and the principal doesn't expect there will be in the near future."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":14},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"I.S. 70 tries to deal with the variations in achievement levels by grouping students for instruction according to test scores. Four levels of classes are offered in each grade in English, mathematics and science. Only social studies, which is taught in homeroom groups, and such subjects as physical education are not organized by ability groups. Achievement is strong enough at I.S. 70 that 67 percent of the students read above grade level, compared with the national average of 50 percent."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":15},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"At their best, students at I.S. 70 are like those in Dorothy Jackson's top-level seventh-grade English class, exploring the world of J.R.R. Tolkien's cast of fanciful characters, searching for meanings that lurk between the lines and analyzing the author's literary devices. The discouraging side of teaching junior-high students can be viewed in the bottom-level eighth-grade English class taught by Patricia Gillhaus. During a lesson on antonyms and synonyms, two boys, talking constantly in the back of the room, express no interest in identifying the word that is an opposite of ''crisp.'' And the girls cracking gum near the front of the room say they have never before heard the word ''somber.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":16},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''I have to compete with sex during that class,'' Mrs. Gillhaus says afterward. ''Boys and girls are flirting, and I have to be more interesting than what they're talking about. And that's hard.'' CONFRONTING students of junior-high age can rattle the most experienced teacher; for a new teacher, it can be demoralizing. ''Most of the kids have no real interest in class because they say they don't see how it applies to their lives,'' says Claudia Gittings, a first-year social-studies teacher. ''You have to make them want to learn, and I still have not found out how to do that. Some days I ask myself what I am doing here. There is constant frustration. I'll spend 10 minutes correcting the vocabulary and grammar in a student's paper and then I'll find it in a crumpled ball after class, and I wonder if the student even looked at the corrections.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":17},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Roletta Boches, who has re-tired from full-time teaching but who occasionally substitutes at I.S. 70, recalls that when she began her career in a junior high school 30 years ago she was driven to distraction. Now, she says, she enjoys the challenge of being at a junior high. ''You have to have a sense of humor and you can't let their sassiness get to you,'' she says. ''It makes me feel good now to be able to substitute at a junior high, because after all, that is the toughest place to be.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":18},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The ideal teacher at the junior-high level, according to Mr. Witty, who taught social studies, knows how to present material to young teen-agers in ways that will not bore them. ''You may have taken all the education courses, but if you lecture at them or expect them to take heavy notes they will not learn,'' he says. ''They want to discuss things. You have to be sensitive to their needs and show understanding of their problems.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":19},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Adding to the difficulties at I.S. 70 and other junior high schools in New York City is the lack of backup services to help students cope with their problems. Not a single social worker or psychologist is assigned to work with the school's general population. Because the city and the Board of Education do not make enough money available, only handicapped children and those being considered for special education because of mental or emotional problems are provided with such services."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":20},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Philip H. Hanan, the lone counselor at I.S. 70, is called on to deal with an array of problems, but he must concern himself mostly with helping students select and get admitted to high schools. Considering the acute emotional needs of students of junior-high age, he deplores the absence of social workers and psychologists at I.S. 70. ''It's criminal not to have a counselor for every 250 kids at this age,'' Mr. Hanan says. Mr. Witty and his faculty agree. ''The lack of support services devastates us,'' he says. ''There is nowhere kids can go to talk to someone.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":21},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Thus it falls to the teachers to try to fill the void, a task made even tougher in a period of increased freedom for children and an increased number of family breakups. ''They are passing from one stage to another and they are very insecure, so we have to be there constantly to reassure them,'' says Irma Straughn, a teacher of Spanish, who tries to cement her relations with students by taking them to Spain on study trips; this spring she is making the trip for the third time. The children pay their own expenses. ONE PLACE the students seek answers to some of their questions is in the ''Family Life and Sex Education'' course the school began offering to eighth-graders last year. Leslie Bass, the teacher, uses the class in part as a forum to campaign against teen-age pregnancy. To ease their discomfort, she lets the students submit queries in writing. Their questions are revealing:"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''Why do men rape?'' ''Why would someone like someone of the same sex?'' ''At what age is it appropriate to become unvirgined?'' ''Is it O.K. for girls to ask boys out?'' ''Can you do it with a girl and not get her pregnant?'' ''At what age are you supposed to engage in intercourse?'' ''Where does a baby come out?''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":22},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"An obsession with bodies -their own and others' - characterizes most junior-high students. Their emotional awkwardness may lead to unusual forms of courtship. One day, for example, Bobby Simmons and David Sanchez are jostling a couple of girls, fellow ninth-graders, poking them and lightly punching them on the shoulders. The girls express annoyance and disappear down the corridor. ''This is the way we play with them,'' David Sanchez says. ''They like it and we do it to get to know them better.'' WHAT pleasantly surprises the faculty members at I.S. 70 is that despite the boys' aggressiveness, there is seldom reason for a teacher to fear them. ''It's rare to find a kid threatening a teacher who really means it,'' says Kenneth Goodfriend, a science teacher and the union chairman at I.S. 70 for the United Federation of Teachers. ''There have been only one or two real assaults in the history of the school. The real discipline problem is not assaults, but disruptions in class.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":23},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Many students at I.S. 70, like others from Scarsdale to Sacramento, seem to yearn for structure and authority, though they do not always acknowledge it as clearly as Daniel Figueroa, a 14-year-old eighth-grader. ''Some teachers just don't keep control of the class,'' Daniel complains. ''I prefer a strict teacher. You get more work done. Kids like to goof off, but they really know they shouldn't.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":24},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The students also tend to acknowledge the importance of junior high school as a kind of way station on the educational journey to more serious schooling. ''Junior high school is good because they don't want to push you too fast from elementary school to high school,'' says Stephen Johnson, a 14-year-old ninth-grader. ''You need to get discipline before you go to high school, and junior high helps you get it. Now I'm getting tired of junior high and starting to feel like I should be in high school. You feel more grown up in high school.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":25},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"When junior high works best it seems to be because students are able to get the individual attention they crave. Peter Pernicone, a ninth-grader at I.S. 70 who goes around the corner to the High School of the Humanities to take a geometry course, appreciates the fact that he still has a junior high school to which he can return. ''In junior high, you are singled out more,'' Peter says. ''In high school you are just a number and you don't count.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":26},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Mr. Witty assumes the role of father figure in this setting, and his firm approach seems to work well with students who need a strong authority model. The principal strides the hallways, clipboard in hand, making a sweep of the entire building two or three times a day, passing every classroom and poking his head into some. Walking down the corridors, Mr. Witty is constantly alert for signs of disorder. ''I walk around the halls because it sets a tone,'' he says. ''The teachers know I'm here; the kids know. 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