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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사_서술" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사_서술"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역사 서술</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사_서술-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-고대의_인류_문명사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#고대의_인류_문명사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>고대의 인류 문명사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-고대의_인류_문명사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사의_시대적_구분" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사의_시대적_구분"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>역사의 시대적 구분</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-역사의_시대적_구분-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>역사의 시대적 구분 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-역사의_시대적_구분-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-선사_시대" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#선사_시대"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>선사 시대</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-선사_시대-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사_시대" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사_시대"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>역사 시대</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사_시대-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대륙별_역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대륙별_역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>대륙별 역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대륙별_역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지리학과의_관계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지리학과의_관계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>지리학과의 관계</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-지리학과의_관계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">역사</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 234개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Тарихъ – 아디게어" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тарихъ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="아디게어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geskiedenis_(vakgebied)" title="Geskiedenis (vakgebied) – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geskiedenis (vakgebied)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte" title="Geschichte – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geschichte" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD" title="ታሪክ – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታሪክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C7%A3r" title="Stǣr – 고대 영어" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Stǣr" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="고대 영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ইতিহাস – 아삼어" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="아삼어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – 아바릭어" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="아바릭어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvopa" title="Izvopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Izvopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayra_sarnaqawi" title="Nayra sarnaqawi – 아이마라어" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nayra sarnaqawi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="아이마라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix" title="Tarix – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tarix" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاریخ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gschicht" title="Gschicht – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gschicht" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istuor%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Istuorėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Istuorėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusipon" title="Uusipon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Uusipon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гісторыя – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гісторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гісторыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гісторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB" title="သမဲင်ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သမဲင်ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariku" title="Tariku – 밤바라어" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Tariku" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="밤바라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ইতিহাস – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ལོ་རྒྱུས། – 티베트어" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལོ་རྒྱུས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="티베트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istor" title="Istor – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija" title="Historija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Historija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Түүхэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түүхэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria" title="Història – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ADk-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Lĭk-sṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lĭk-sṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Истори – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Истори" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="مێژوو – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – 코르시카어" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="코르시카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarih" title="Tarih – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tarih" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny" title="Dějiny – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їсторїꙗ – 교회 슬라브어" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їсторїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="교회 슬라브어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Истори – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Истори" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanes" title="Hanes – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte" title="Geschichte – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix" title="Tarix – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tarix" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιστορία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B2ria" title="Stòria – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Stòria" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio" title="Historio – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajalugu" title="Ajalugu – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajalugu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoria" title="Estoria – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estoria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aolugu" title="Aolugu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aolugu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ga" title="Søga – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Søga" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire" title="Histoire – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histou%C3%A8re" title="Histouère – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Histouère" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoori" title="Histoori – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Histoori" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storie" title="Storie – 프리울리어" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Storie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="프리울리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiednis" title="Skiednis – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skiednis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stair" title="Stair – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史 – 간어" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="歷史" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="간어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listw%C3%A8" title="Listwè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Listwè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eachdraidh" title="Eachdraidh – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eachdraidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marandeko" title="Marandeko – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Marandeko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itihas" title="Itihas – 고아 콘칸어" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Itihas" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="고아 콘칸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8" title="ઇતિહાસ – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇતિહાસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennaghys" title="Shennaghys – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shennaghys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihi" title="Tarihi – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarihi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%8Dt-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%81" title="Li̍t-sṳ́ – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Li̍t-sṳ́" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="היסטוריה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itihaas" title="Itihaas – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Itihaas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest" title="Povijest – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istwa" title="Istwa – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Istwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelem" title="Történelem – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Történelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պատմություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – 이반어" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="이반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81k%C3%ADk%C3%B3_mbu" title="Ákíkó mbu – 이그보어" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ákíkó mbu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="이그보어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakasaritaan" title="Pakasaritaan – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pakasaritaan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тархьар – 인귀시어" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тархьар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="인귀시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio" title="Historio – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga" title="Saga – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%90%85%E1%94%A8%E1%93%B4%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%96%85_%E1%91%8E%E1%91%8E%E1%96%85%E1%91%B2%E1%91%8E%E1%92%8D%E1%91%A6_%E1%96%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%93%95%E1%90%85%E1%96%85%E1%91%95%E1%90%85%E1%96%83%E1%91%A6%E1%91%95%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%91%AF%E1%93%82%E1%92%83" title="ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᓂᒃ – 이눅티투트어" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᓂᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="이눅티투트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="歴史 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischri" title="Ischri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ischri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/citri" title="citri – 로반어" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="citri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="로반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajarah" title="Sajarah – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sajarah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისტორია – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amezruy" title="Amezruy – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amezruy" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqaluttuarisaaneq" title="Oqaluttuarisaaneq – 그린란드어" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Oqaluttuarisaaneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="그린란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ – 크메르어" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="크메르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8" title="ಇತಿಹಾಸ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇತಿಹಾಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – 카라챠이-발카르어" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="카라챠이-발카르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%AE" title="تَوٲریٖخ – 카슈미르어" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تَوٲریٖخ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="카슈미르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AErok" title="Dîrok – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîrok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BC" title="Важвылӧм – 코미어" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Важвылӧм" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="코미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istori" title="Istori – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Istori" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Тарых – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тарых" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria" title="Istoria – 라디노어" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Istoria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="라디노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschicht" title="Geschicht – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geschicht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria" title="Istoria – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Istoria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6ia" title="Stöia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Stöia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B2ria" title="Stòria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stòria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisol%C3%B3" title="Lisoló – 링갈라어" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisoló" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="링갈라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ປະຫວັດສາດ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະຫວັດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorija" title="Istorija – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viesture" title="Viesture – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Viesture" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93sture" title="Vēsture – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajh%C3%A2r%C3%A2" title="Sajhârâ – 마두라어" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Sajhârâ" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="마두라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Историясь – 모크샤어" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Историясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="모크샤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantara" title="Tantara – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tantara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Эртыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эртыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Историја – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ചരിത്രം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Түүх – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Түүх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ – 마니푸리어" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="마니푸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%81%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဝၚ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဝၚ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storja" title="Storja – 몰타어" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Storja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="몰타어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3ria" title="Stória – 미란데어" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stória" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="미란데어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သမိုင်း – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="بگذشتی – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بگذشتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – 나폴리어" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="나폴리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis" title="Geschiedenis – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geschiedenis" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikaya" title="Hikaya – 니아스어" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Hikaya" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="니아스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis" title="Geschiedenis – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histou%C3%A8re" title="Histouère – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Histouère" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditiragalo" title="Ditiragalo – 북부 소토어" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ditiragalo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="북부 소토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histourii" title="Histourii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Histourii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seenaa" title="Seenaa – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seenaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8" title="ଇତିହାସ – 오리야어" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇତିହାସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="오리야어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Истори – 오세트어" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Истори" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="오세트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlat" title="Amlat – 팜팡가어" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amlat" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="팜팡가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 파피아먼토어" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="파피아먼토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histo%C3%A8re" title="Histoère – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Histoère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gschicht" title="Gschicht – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gschicht" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte" title="Geschichte – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Geschichte" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histrei" title="Histrei – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Histrei" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تریخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تریخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιστορία – 폰틱어" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιστορία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="폰틱어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="پېښليک – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پېښليک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria" title="História – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/likisi" title="likisi – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="likisi" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C3%B1ay_kawsay" title="Wiñay kawsay – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wiñay kawsay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorgia" title="Istorgia – 로만시어" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Istorgia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="로만시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorie" title="Istorie – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istorie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorie" title="Istorie – 아로마니아어" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Istorie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="아로마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storie" title="Storie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Storie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Історія – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Історія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="इतिहासः – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इतिहासः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="История" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istòria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="History" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija" title="Historija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Historija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amzruy" title="Amzruy – 타셸히트어" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amzruy" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="타셸히트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉතිහාසය – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉතිහාසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="History" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejiny" title="Dejiny – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dejiny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgodovina" title="Zgodovina – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zgodovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhoroondo" title="Nhoroondo – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nhoroondo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taariikh" title="Taariikh – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Taariikh" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Историја – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geskichte" title="Geskichte – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Geskichte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajarah" title="Sajarah – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sajarah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyszichta" title="Gyszichta – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gyszichta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/likisi" title="likisi – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="likisi" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="வரலாறு – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="చరిత్ర – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చరిత్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B3ria" title="Istória – 테툼어" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Istória" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="테툼어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Таърих – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Таърих" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประวัติศาสตร์ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประวัติศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%BD" title="ታሪኽ – 티그리냐어" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ታሪኽ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="티그리냐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taryh" title="Taryh – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Taryh" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taryx" title="Taryx – 탈리쉬어" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Taryx" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="탈리쉬어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histori" title="Histori – 토크 피신어" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Histori" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="토크 피신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarih" title="Tarih – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tarih" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak%C9%94s%C9%9Bm" title="Abakɔsɛm – 트위어" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Abakɔsɛm" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="트위어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AE" title="تارىخ – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تارىخ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Історія – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاریخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix" title="Tarix – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tarix" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria" title="Istoria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istoria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorii" title="Istorii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Istorii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD" title="Lịch sử – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenav" title="Jenav – 볼라퓌크어" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jenav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="볼라퓌크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istwere" title="Istwere – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Istwere" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taariix" title="Taariix – 월로프어" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Taariix" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="월로프어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="歷史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbali" title="Imbali – 코사어" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imbali" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="코사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისტორია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისტორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="היסטאריע – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="היסטאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ct%C3%A0n" title="Ìtàn – 요루바어" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìtàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="요루바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizsij" title="Lizsij – 주앙어" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lizsij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="주앙어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenisse" title="Geschiedenisse – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Geschiedenisse" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A2" title="ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ – 표준 모로코 타마지트어" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="표준 모로코 타마지트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="历史 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="历史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2" title="史 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="史" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%CC%8Dk-s%C3%BA" title="Le̍k-sú – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le̍k-sú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歷史" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> 다른 뜻에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC_(%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98)" class="mw-disambig" title="역사 (동음이의)">역사 (동음이의)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="2978" /></a><figcaption>서양에서 종종 "역사의 아버지"로 여겨지는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%84%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="헤로도토스">헤로도토스</a>의 모델 (기원전 484년경 – 기원전 425년경)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>역사</b>(歷史, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">history</span>)는 인류 사회의 변천과 흥망의 과정, 지난 시대에 남긴 기록물, 그리고 이를 연구하는 학문 분야 등을 가리킨다. 또한 인간이 거쳐온 모습이나 인간의 행위로 일어난 사실을 말하는 단어로도 쓰인다. </p><p> 역사는 시간의 흐름으로써 어떤 사람이 겪은 일에서 중요한 일들 중 후대에게 쉽게 잊히지 않는 과거의 사실을 의미하며 명예와는 미래에서 잊히지 않고 이어 전해진다는 차이가 존재한다.<sup id="cite_ref-evans1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 서양 역사학의 아버지 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%84%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="헤로도토스">헤로도토스</a>는 《<a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC_(%ED%97%A4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%84%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4)" title="역사 (헤로도토스)">역사</a>》에서 말했다.</p><blockquote><p>훗날 인간의 업적이 망각되거나 그리스인과 비그리스인 모두의 위대하고 경이로운 행적이 기록되지 않고 지나가는 일이 없도록 이 역사서를 썼다.</p></blockquote><p>역사라는 말은 객관적 사실과 서정적 표현, 주관적 기술의 세 측면의 의미를 가지는 것으로 정의되고 있다. 이에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%ED%8F%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%9E%91%EC%BC%80" title="레오폴트 폰 랑케">레오폴트 폰 랑케</a>는 "있었던 그대로의 과거"를 밝혀내는 것이 역사가의 사명이라고 하여 객관적 사실을 강조했고, 이에 비해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%ED%95%BC%EB%A6%BF_%EC%B9%B4" title="에드워드 핼릿 카">에드워드 핼릿 카</a>는 과거의 사실을 보는 역사가의 관점과 사회 변화에 따라 역사가 달라질 수 있다고 했다. </p><p>역사라는 개념은 또한 넓은 의미에서 사건이나 사물의 자취를 총칭하는 데 쓰이기도 하고, 역사학자들은 과거를 연구하기 위하여 많은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A3%8C" title="사료">역사적 자료</a>를 탐색한다. 이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A3%8C" title="사료">자료</a>들은 <a href="/wiki/1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%82%AC%EB%A3%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="1차 사료">1차 사료</a>와 <a href="/wiki/2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%82%AC%EB%A3%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="2차 사료">2차 사료</a>로 구분되는데, 1차 사료는 어떤 사건에 직접 참여한 사람들이 남긴 문서, 기록 등이다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>역사 연구는 서사(narrative)를 통해 연속된 사건들을 검증하고 분석하며 종종 인과 관계를 객관적으로 규정한다. 따라서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%ED%95%99" title="역사학">역사학</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B3%A0%ED%95%99" title="고고학">고고학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%ED%95%99" title="사회학">사회학</a> 등의 주변 학문과 밀접한 연관을 가지고 있다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>영어의 “히스토리"(history)는 고대 그리스어의 "히스토리아"(ἱστορία)에서 유래된 것으로 “알다”·“보다”의 뜻을 가지고 있다. 이는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C_%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="원시 인도유럽어">원시 인도유럽어</a>의 <i>*wid-tor-</i>에서 나온 말로, "알다", "보다"를 뜻하는 <i>*weid-</i>에서 유래한 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-JosephJanda_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JosephJanda-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 어근은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>의 <i>wit</i>, <i>wise</i>, <i>wisdom</i>, <i>vision</i>, <i>idea</i>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="산스크리트어">산스크리트어</a>의 <i><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%A4" title="베다">베다</a></i>(<i>veda</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="슬라브어">슬라브어</a>의 <i>videti</i>, <i>vedati</i> 등에 남아있다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (wid-tor-와 weid 앞에 붙은 별표는 이것이 확정된 정설이 아닌 가설에 근거하고 있음을 가리킨다) </p><p>고대 그리스어 ἱστορία(historia)는 “조사와 탐문을 통해 얻은 지식”이라는 뜻으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a>가 그의 저서 《Περί Τά Ζωα Ιστορία》(Peri Ta Zoa Istória, 라틴어 역어: Historia Animalium)에서 사용하였다. </p><p>이 낱말은 현자(賢者), 증언자, 혹은 판관을 뜻하는 ἵστωρ(<i>hístōr</i>)에서 유래했다. 이 말은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%A9%94%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="호메로스">호메로스</a>의 시, <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="헤라클레이토스">헤라클레이토스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4" title="아테네">아테네</a> 젊은이들의 선서, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84" class="mw-redirect" title="보이오티아">보이오티아</a>의 비문(법적인 의미로 "판관", "증인" 혹은 비슷한 것을 지칭하는 말이었다) 있다. "조사하다"는 뜻의 <i>historeîn</i>은 이오니아 그리스어의 파생어로서, 고전기 그리스에서 처음으로 퍼져서 나중에는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" title="헬레니즘 문명">헬레니즘 문명</a> 전체로 퍼져나갔다. </p><p>그리스어에서 이 말의 맥락은 16세기 말 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A8" title="프랜시스 베이컨">프랜시스 베이컨</a>이 "<a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="박물학">자연사</a>"에 대해 쓸 때도 여전히 등장한다. 그는 <i>historia</i>를 "시공간에 따른 어떤 사물에 대한 지식"으로, 기억에 따른 지식이라는 의미로 썼다.(반면 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="과학">과학</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EB%A1%A0" title="추론">추론</a>, 시는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%98%EC%83%81" class="mw-redirect" title="환상">환상</a>에 따른 것이다) </p><p>1390년 영어에도 이 낱말이 "사건들의 연관, 이야기"를 뜻하는 말로 나타난다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B8_%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="중세 영어">중세 영어</a>에서 이 말은 일반적으로 "이야기"를 뜻했다. 그러다가 15세기 말에 이르면 "과거 사건의 기록"으로 의미가 좁아진다. 독일어, 프랑스어, 다른 게르만어나 로망스어에서도 "역사(history)"와 "이야기(story)"를 의미하는 데 같은 낱말이 쓰인다. 형용사 'historical'은 1661년에, 'historic'은 1669년에 기록으로 확인할 수 있다. "역사 연구자"를 뜻하는 'historian'은 1531년에 등장한다. 모든 유럽 언어에서 역사를 뜻하는 명사들은 용례상 "사람에게 일어난 일"과 "과거에 대한 학문적인 연구"를 둘 다 의미하고 있다. 영어에서 후자의 의미로는 대문자를 써서 "History"라고 쓰거나, "역사서술 (historiography)"라고 쓰기도 한다. </p><p>한자어 역사(歷史)는 근대 이후의 'history'에 대한 번역이며, 동아시아의 역사를 의미하는 '史(사)'는 원래는 '기록하는 사람'의 의미로, 사마천의 《<a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%84%9C)" title="사기 (역사서)">사기</a>》(史記)에서 유래하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사_서술"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC_.EC.84.9C.EC.88.A0"></span>역사 서술</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사 서술"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>역사가는 역사의 관찰자이자 동시에 참여자이므로 그들이 쓰는 역사서는 역사가 본인 시대의 관점이나 그들의 미래에 대한 교훈을 염두에 두고 쓰여진다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%B0%ED%86%A0_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="베네데토 크로체">베네데토 크로체</a>는 "모든 역사는 현재의 역사이다"라고 말한 바 있다. 역사는 인간과 관련된 과거 사건들을 분석하고 그 이야기를 써서 "과거의 진짜 담론"을 형성하면서 촉진된다. 현대의 역사 분야는 이러한 담론을 제도적으로 만들어나가고 있다. </p><p>인간이 기억하여 실제적인 형태로 보존한 모든 사건은 역사 기록이 된다. 역사 담론은 과거를 정확하게 설명하는 저작을 쓰는 데 기여할만한 사료들을 검증하는 작업이다. 따라서 역사가가 수집한 사료는 특정한 기록은 배제하면서 일반적인 기록을 모은 결과물이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, "참 과거"를 참칭하는 가짜 주장들을 가려내는 것이다. 이런 현상이 발생하는 이유는 사람마다 입장이 다르기 때문이며 지배층과 피지배층은 물론 하나의 집단 내부에서도 역사를 자신들만의 관점으로 서술하는 사람들이 있다. 과거에는 교육 등을 통하여 이런 관행들이 사라질 것이라 믿기도 했으나 근대 이후 일부 고위층의 연구 결과나 현대의 우파적 학파들에서는 인간 혹은 자아를 가진 지성체의 본성이라 미래에도 계속될 일로 보는 편이다. </p><p>역사 연구는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="인문학">인문학</a>의 범주로 분류되기도 하며, 때로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="사회과학">사회과학</a>으로 보기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 역사는 두 학문 영역의 방법론을 통합함으로써 양자를 이어주는 다리라고 볼 수도 있다. 어떤 역사가들은 역사를 두 범주 중 한 곳에 포함해야 한다고 강하게 주장하기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 현대 학계에서 역사는 점차 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="사회과학">사회과학</a>으로 분류되고 있다. 20세기에 프랑스 역사가 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%AD_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%8D%B8" title="페르낭 브로델">페르낭 브로델</a>은 세계사 연구에서 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="경제학">경제학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="인류학">인류학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="지리학">지리학</a>을 이용하여 역사 연구에 혁명을 일으켰다. </p><p>전통적으로 역사가들은 과거의 사건을 기록하거나 말로 전하며, 기록이나 구전 자료를 연구하여 역사적 의문에 해답을 찾고자 했다. 처음에 역사가들은 기념물, 비문, 그림 같은 자료들도 이용했다. 일반적으로 사료란 세 가지 범주로 나눌 수 있다. 글로 쓴 기록, 구전(口傳), 물리적으로 보존된 것들(유물, 유적). 역사가는 대개 이 세 가지를 모두 참고한다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그러나 글로 쓴 기록은 선사와 역사의 구분이 된다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B3%A0%ED%95%99" title="고고학">고고학</a>은 땅에 묻힌 유적지나 유물이 발굴되었을 때 역사 연구에 유용한 분야이다. 그러나 고고학은 혼자만으로는 별 의미가 없다. 고고학적 발견을 보충하기 위해 이야기 자료가 쓰인다. 그러나 고고학은 역사학과는 별개의 방법론과 접근법들로 이루어져 있다. 즉 고고학은 텍스트 사료의 "틈을 채우는" 것이 아니다. 역사 고고학(Historical Archaeology)은 고고학의 한 분과로서, 종종 현존하는 텍스트 사료와는 상반되는 결론을 제시하기도 한다. 아메리카의 역사상의 아나폴리스(18세기 동부 해안의 한 마을)를 발굴하고 연구하는 마크 리오니(Mark Leone)는 당시 기록 자료에서 보이는 "자유" 이데올로기 불구하고, 이때의 모든 역사적 환경의 연구를 통해 노예 소유와 부의 불평등을 밝혀서 텍스트 자료와 발굴 자료 사이에 차이를 이해하고자 했다. </p><p>역사를 배열하는 방법에는 연대기, 문화, 지역, 주제 등 다양한 기준이 있다. 이런 구분은 서로 배타적인 것이 아니며, 가령 "1800~1945년 과도기 시대의 국제 여성 운동"같은 경우처럼 서로 겹치기도 한다. 현대 학문이 전문화 추세를 보이기는 하나, 역사가들은 매우 특정한 것과 매우 일반적인 것을 연관지어 볼 수 있다. 역사 연구 분야의 하나인 "큰 역사"(Big history)는 이러한 전문화에 반대하여 보편적인 양상이나 추세를 탐구한다. 역사는 종종 어떤 실용적인 혹은 이론적인 목적을 가지고 연구하기도 하며, 단지 지적 호기심에 의해 연구하기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-graham-ch1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graham-ch1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="고대의_인류_문명사"><span id=".EA.B3.A0.EB.8C.80.EC.9D.98_.EC.9D.B8.EB.A5.98_.EB.AC.B8.EB.AA.85.EC.82.AC"></span>고대의 인류 문명사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 고대의 인류 문명사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>현대 동서양의 인류 문명의 뿌리라고 볼 수 있는 인류의 4대 문명의 발상지 그리고 많은 사멸된 고대의 찬란한 문명은 인류 역사를 관찰하고 이해하는 데에서 빼놓을 수 없는 중요한 분야로 여겨진다. 고대 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도">인도</a> 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="중국">중국</a>의 황하 유적은 동양 문명 역사의 발판을 이루고 있으며, 메소포타미아 문명과 이집트 문명, 기원전 4000년 전후에 형성된 수메르 문명은 서양 문명의 근원으로 추정되고 있다. 이들 고대 문명이 이룩한 찬란한 유산, 예컨대 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_7%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="세계의 7대 기적">세계의 7대 기적</a> 건축물은 오늘날까지도 많은 사람들의 찬탄과 경이심을 자아내고 있다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="수메르 문명">수메르 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" title="인더스 문명">인더스 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="요하문명">요하 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%ED%95%98_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" title="황하 문명">황하 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="이집트 문명">이집트 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%86%8C%ED%8F%AC%ED%83%80%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%84_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="메소포타미아 문명">메소포타미아 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="히타이트 문명">히타이트 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="고대 그리스 문명">고대 그리스 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="고대 로마사">고대 로마 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="페르시아 제국">페르시아 제국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%84%EB%82%98" class="mw-redirect" title="박트리아 마르기아나">박트리아 마르기아나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%8B%88%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="페니키아">페니키아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%80%EA%B3%A0" title="카르타고">카르타고</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8D_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="아스텍 문명">아스텍 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EC%B9%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="잉카 문명">잉카 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="한국의 역사">한국의 역사</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사의_시대적_구분"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC.EC.9D.98_.EC.8B.9C.EB.8C.80.EC.A0.81_.EA.B5.AC.EB.B6.84"></span>역사의 시대적 구분</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 역사의 시대적 구분"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="선사_시대"><span id=".EC.84.A0.EC.82.AC_.EC.8B.9C.EB.8C.80"></span>선사 시대</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 선사 시대"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>일반적으로 문자가 발명되기 이전 시대, 즉 역사가 글로써 기록되지 않고 그 역사를 유물로써 알 수 있는 시대다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="석기 시대">석기 시대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="청동기 시대">청동기 시대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="철기 시대">철기 시대</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="역사_시대"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC_.EC.8B.9C.EB.8C.80"></span>역사 시대</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 역사 시대"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>문자가 발명된 후 인류가 역사를 글로 기록하여 남긴 시대를 일컫는다. 밑의 시기 구분은 서양 역사관에 입각하여 구분한 것이다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="고대사">고대사</a> : <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="문자">문자</a> 발명(기원전 3000년경)~<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="서로마제국">서로마제국</a> 멸망(서기 476년)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B8" title="중세">중세사</a> : 서로마제국 멸망(476년)~<a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="동로마제국">동로마제국</a> 멸망(1453년)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4%EC%83%81%EC%8A%A4" title="르네상스">르네상스</a> : 14세기~16세기 문예부흥 운동이 활발히 진행되던 시기</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%84%B8" title="근세">근세사</a> : 르네상스와 근대를 연결하는 시기, 한국사에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0" title="조선">조선</a> 건국(1392년)~<a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EC%A2%85_(%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0)" title="철종 (조선)">철종</a> 시대</li> <li>후기 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="근대사">근대사</a> : 19세기~20세기</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="현대사">현대사</a> : 20세기~21세기</li> <li>미래사 : 22세기 이후</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="대륙별_역사"><span id=".EB.8C.80.EB.A5.99.EB.B3.84_.EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>대륙별 역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 대륙별 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="아프리카의 역사">아프리카</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="아메리카의 역사">아메리카</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="아시아의 역사">아시아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="유럽의 역사">유럽</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="지리학과의_관계"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EB.A6.AC.ED.95.99.EA.B3.BC.EC.9D.98_.EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84"></span>지리학과의 관계</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 지리학과의 관계"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>왜 역사적 사건들이 일어났는가를 이해하는 것은 중요하다. 이것을 위해서 역사학자들은 종종 지리학의 도움을 받는다. 날씨의 패턴, 물의 공급, 그리고 지표면의 생태 등은 모두 그곳에 사는 사람들의 삶에 영향을 끼친다. 예를 들어 왜 고대 이집트인들이 그렇게 성공적인 문명화를 이룩했는지를 설명하기 위해서는, 반드시 이집트의 지리학을 참고해야 한다. 이집트 문명은 나일 강변에 세워졌다. 강물은 매년 범람하였고, 그 강둑에 흙이 쌓였다. 비옥한 토양은 농부들이 도시 사람들이 먹기에 충분한 곡식을 기를 수 있게 하였고, 그래서 다른 사람들이 문명화를 돕는 다른 직업을 선택할 수 있게 하였다. 이처럼 역사적 사건들 중에는 지리적 요인에 영향을 받은 일들이 많다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="세계의 역사">세계의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="역사 연표">역사 연표</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발</a>(빅뱅)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%85_%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="빅 히스토리">빅 히스토리</a>(대역사) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%85_%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8" title="빅 히스토리 프로젝트">빅 히스토리 프로젝트</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="역사철학">역사철학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EB%9F%89%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%AC" title="계량경제사">계량경제사</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edurss.ru/cgi-bin/db.pl?cp=&page=Book&id=53185&lang=en&blang=en&list=Found">History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies</a>. Moscow: KomKniga, 2006. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/5-484-01002-0" title="특수:책찾기/5-484-01002-0">5-484-01002-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-evans1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-evans1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Professor Richard J. Evans (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Whatishistory/evans10.html">“The Two Faces of E.H. Carr”</a>. 《History in Focus, Issue 2: What is History?》. University of London<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 11월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+in+Focus%2C+Issue+2%3A+What+is+History%3F&rft.atitle=The+Two+Faces+of+E.H.+Carr&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Professor+Richard+J.+Evans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.ac.uk%2Fihr%2FFocus%2FWhatishistory%2Fevans10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Professor Alun Munslow (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Whatishistory/munslow6.html">“What History Is”</a>. 《History in Focus, Issue 2: What is History?》. University of London<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 11월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+in+Focus%2C+Issue+2%3A+What+is+History%3F&rft.atitle=What+History+Is&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Professor+Alun+Munslow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.ac.uk%2Fihr%2FFocus%2FWhatishistory%2Fmunslow6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gerald Leinwand (1986). 〈Prologue: In Search of History〉. 《<span></span><i>The Pageant of World History</i><span></span>》. Allyn & Bacon. 1쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-205-08680-1" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-205-08680-1"><bdi>978-0-205-08680-1</bdi></a>. <q>To find out about the past, historians use many different resources and reference materials. They use primary sources and secondary sources. A primary source is a document, record, or written acount by someone who took part in an event.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prologue%3A+In+Search+of+History&rft.btitle=The+Pageant+of+World+History&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Allyn+%26+Bacon&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-205-08680-1&rft.au=Gerald+Leinwand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JosephJanda-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JosephJanda_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Joseph(Ed.)2008" class="citation">Brian Joseph(Ed.); Richard Janda (Ed.) (30 December 2004), 《The Handbook of Historical Linguistics》, Blackwell Publishing, 163쪽, 978-1405127479</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Historical+Linguistics&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft.au=Brian+Joseph%28Ed.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">더 이상 지원되지 않는 변수를 사용함 (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#deprecated_params" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">다음 날짜 값 확인 필요: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|연도=와 |날짜=가 일치하지 않음</code> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#bad_date" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">William K. Mahony. 《The Artful Universe: An Introduction to the Vedic Religious Imagination》. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 235쪽. 0791435806.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Artful+Universe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Vedic+Religious+Imagination&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.au=William+K.+Mahony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">지원되지 않는 변수 무시됨: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|발행=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90#parameter_ignored" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말">도움말</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Online Etymology Dictionary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=history&searchmode=none">http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=history&searchmode=none</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott Gordon and James Gordon Irving, <i>The History and Philosophy of Social Science</i>. Routledge 1991. Page 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-415-05682-9" title="특수:책찾기/0-415-05682-9">0-415-05682-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ritter, H. (1986). Dictionary of concepts in history. Reference sources for the social sciences and humanities, no. 3. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Page 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael C. Lemon (1995).The Discipline of History and the History of Thought. Routledge. Page 201. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-415-12346-1" title="특수:책찾기/0-415-12346-1">0-415-12346-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-graham-ch1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-graham-ch1_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Graham, Gordon (1997). 〈Chapter 1〉. 《The Shape of the Past》. Oxford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1&rft.btitle=The+Shape+of+the+Past&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Graham%2C+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="text-align:center"><span 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href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80" title="시간 표준">표준</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%B8%A1%EC%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="시간 측정">시간 측정</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%8B%9C" title="협정 세계시">협정 세계시</a></b> (UTC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%8B%9C" title="세계시">세계시</a> (UT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EC%8B%9C" title="국제원자시">국제원자시</a> (TAI)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88_(%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84)" title="초 (시간)">초</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84_(%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84)" title="분 (시간)">분</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C_(%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84)" title="시 (단위)">시</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%8B%9C" title="항성시">항성시</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EC%8B%9C" title="태양시">태양시</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EB%8C%80" title="시간대">시간대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%ED%91%9C%EC%8B%9C" title="역표시">역표시</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="시계">시계</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시계학 (없는 문서)">시계학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%84%EC%8B%9C_%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="계시 장치의 역사 (없는 문서)">계시 장치의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9B%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아스트라리움 (없는 문서)">아스트라리움</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%83%81_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="해상 시계">해상 시계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="해시계">해시계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="물시계">물시계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%90%EB%AA%A9_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="손목 시계">손목 시계</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EB%B2%95" title="역법">역법</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A0" title="날">날</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC_(%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84)" title="주 (시간)">주</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%9C_(%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84)" title="순 (단위)">순</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%AC_(%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84)" title="달 (시간)">달</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%84" title="년">년</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EC%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="태양일">태양일</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="항성일">항성일</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%85%84" title="태양년">태양년(회귀년)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EB%85%84" title="항성년">항성년</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%A0%A5" title="태양력">태양력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5" title="태음력">태음력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%9D%8C%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%A0%A5" title="태음태양력">태음태양력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%A5" title="율리우스력">율리우스력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%BC" title="율리우스일">율리우스일</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EB%A0%A5" title="그레고리력">그레고리력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EC%B4%88" title="윤초">윤초</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EC%A3%BC_(%EC%97%AD%EB%B2%95)" title="윤주 (역법)">윤주</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EB%8B%AC" title="윤달">윤달</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EB%85%84" title="윤년">윤년</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%86%A4_%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0" title="메톤 주기">메톤 주기(장법 <b>·</b> 19년 7윤법)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A0%9C" title="24시간제">24시간제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A0%9C" title="12시간제">12시간제</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99" title="연대학">연대학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="천문연대학 (없는 문서)">천문연대학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="지질시대">지질시대</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지구의 지질학적 역사 (없는 문서)">지질학적 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99" title="지질연대학">지질연대학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80_%EC%B8%A1%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="연대 측정법 (없는 문서)">연대 측정법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%84%EB%B2%95" title="기년법">기년법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%98%B8" title="연호">연호</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0" title="연대기">연대기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="연표">연표</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">신화와 종교</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_(%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%90)" title="시간 (불교)">불교의 시간</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_(%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="칼라 (시간) (없는 문서)">칼라</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="칼라차크라 (없는 문서)">칼라차크라</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%96%B8" title="예언">예언</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="드림타임">드림타임</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="시간과 공간의 철학">철학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%BC%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="인과관계">인과관계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C%EA%B7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="영원회귀">영원회귀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4_(%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사건 (철학) (없는 문서)">사건</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EC%86%8D_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인속 이론 (없는 문서)">인속 이론</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8E%B8%EC%86%8D_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="편속 이론 (없는 문서)">편속 이론</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4차원주의 (없는 문서)">4차원주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">물리학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="물리학에서의 시간">물리학에서의 시간</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" title="시공간">시공간</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="절대 시공간 (없는 문서)">절대 시공간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="T-대칭">T-대칭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%94%EC%82%B4" title="시간의 화살">시간의 화살</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%85%BC" title="크로논">크로논</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9B%90" title="4차원">4차원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="플랑크 시대">플랑크 시대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" title="플랑크 시간">플랑크 시간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="대통일 시대">대통일 시대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%98%81%EC%97%AD" title="시간 영역">시간 영역</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="상대성 이론">상대성 이론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="시간 팽창">시간 팽창</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="중력 시간 팽창">중력 시간 팽창</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%95_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조정 시간 (없는 문서)">조정 시간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" title="고유 시간">고유 시간</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">생물학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="시간생물학">시간생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="일주기 생체 리듬">일주기 생체 리듬</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">심리학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="심리시간 분석법 (없는 문서)">심리시간 분석법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="반응 시간">반응 시간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%81" title="시간 지각">시간 지각</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EB%A9%B4%EC%A0%81_%ED%98%84%EC%9E%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="표면적 현재 (없는 문서)">표면적 현재</a> (가현재)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">사회학과 인류학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%95%99" title="미래학">미래학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시간 사용 연구 (없는 문서)">시간 사용 연구</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">경제학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EA%B0%80%EC%B9%98" title="화폐의 시간가치">화폐의 시간가치</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시간 화폐 (없는 문서)">시간 화폐</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">관련 항목</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" title="공간">공간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84%EC%BA%A1%EC%8A%90" title="타임캡슐">타임캡슐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%97%AC%ED%96%89" title="시간 여행">시간 여행</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%95%EC%9E%90_%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="박자 기호 (없는 문서)">박자 기호</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" title="시스템 시간">시스템 시간</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%95_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미터법 시간 단위 (없는 문서)">미터법 시간 단위</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16%EC%A7%84_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16진 시간 표기법 (없는 문서)">16진 시간 표기법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8E%98_%EB%94%94%EC%97%A0" title="카르페 디엠">카르페 디엠</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/958235/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4346861">스페인</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525283">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Histoire"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119344445">프랑스</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Histoire"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119344445">BnF 데이터</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Geschichte"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020517-4">독일</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="History"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562979505171">이스라엘</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061212">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="History"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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