CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91363dc45fa7406a',cH: 'eIXNshAagobppufCgsj04YD1CIp9mBgkcqgpVgbG2s0-1739800172-1.2.1.1-vZR8NIh1YjOitE9whce1jPK5edZySZWiDAIxJIIYdhN.FVhUHkPmnXT7jWHcS5rJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Encoding&__cf_chl_tk=ILRQrlGol1NN2t9P8hTGGHIFjONmhHgkyNXZ_KXCQK0-1739800172-1.0.1.1-TkstfiCQThR9DofJ4UlTLCUus4i4OUmJD5v7rehnt5E",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739800172',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Encoding&__cf_chl_f_tk=ILRQrlGol1NN2t9P8hTGGHIFjONmhHgkyNXZ_KXCQK0-1739800172-1.0.1.1-TkstfiCQThR9DofJ4UlTLCUus4i4OUmJD5v7rehnt5E",md: "CXZyH7_11d1P54NlTzA7X3JW57IwswX4TNFWlTGWMW4-1739800172-1.2.1.1-nrxscnJ1x4ck2VAL65r9Gq97j939M3zI1pKFjQ1lukzrIbUUFJW92tzrMjaFyV7HzYmJbzpH4HrmAsMxQ5q.zLM5wd7p_L.Qr8RqdvtoeNDeuZhbMIULVXT0Zn5l5uEmjTp4xYbsGfHWMMFCIl.vM1k.8F9YvEXQIIftbyihB._ofElEggv0N4Zc__4JanvmNnwlOeF3TZE.l1rDxGAQs_aGA4hvL1BT4SJAnbWlZw8kxd.B97brKR4Hw7XWpLNar6wN31cPp6s6Yru1srVDRXeuhgOQnx5Zm1xB79leOklWiD3PQ7aipNMWHKhq3_1h5um.HlSrWA8ugpOralHyHkKHjL3M.EO6BoXbj1_MsGIhKV6.QgVxMkVxO5.JEyt1xJszihPI3xa61ugPKfh.ig38HIUWdG4otVxybpX4RM8ZiOX1d8cLtcmgh8Ch37CEiW76b_cSI7MczcTJrksZQ4_5k0YvRSQkmFeL7dskNuOF3FigM3QmsRvXXgRR18idvKRg7djSfSKyD5rR2dnkQupo0YI.HIPuXhfvL.ZdcPW7rFBruMjY.yhSU76dcTgU0M7l0i2XNCXrcia_vUMTZnvSnYh3SiL5Om8xb8v1a.X6dhTGR5f7CWBcF5C9DoUETzSywxlZAkyJkSteh.Odmm.UPlc.y1f1VPJevVuGOeRPDE3rEVfdAXrokGuaYbiKwL6w4.v2KYfLEBkywt1GRSGtv1ep214rAYQh1SOHatEu.RdYkFryPgMVrt7N.OQ6J6U4h3PdSn5Urn0krkPClHiNstxxESDJ.UziQR2pm71eYfh0hhpV_Z.4Ab6h39PGa30iwVlarZEOaEa31GHCvKMpK8qRwkFXuhmrIFHfPE6mbRtZKIpOTQ_0WJ1uT5ZYvY.2cjpWQ9eDhpv988eUf_9APNA8v5tUkeC.6WDtai3ZtcU74t4vtTc44LLAFNXYCelbwxJkBekswid5E36PbdZ943RE1KSeN_5Fs36WIhBL1SLyZ9nkbWFgdrgb8GjUcBMOR27CtDqh.uA3.9n5YWUQl0Jk5wlHv0Ot5Dhr2aQONAAzfrqWUHMfM0rhv5_SM5JPd_wij_IIZ_IlEaCmpyAcHvqocsQQos1EGh2h77iEQc7XTCtClaF39WM673P.ueAXwsnVg94sUdvdMGvOQ1Ks8HvAHJG9BHRca3x2vfo7ZMknR8bAdXSxS5rkOYDaf7ISwYXvf.mJFOvKQcTYGgFZBRryb.yqcBhU.0SZV.lbLmQQTdk_8olBJGA24tniVTcsVAhT5gP4T8ORcrmoOFcGLUwCGzm_2B4f6CU3zbh5x8B7qDsvZSkq2i7.iBeMuIOHUyB3ifCeMJ_UwElFMy4TYdjl7aZ.1ltg.0pXv4v94QJWGGeXekwREEqdZ6EePpDIix5No5xINwbWZXY.JV7hmbBZP9txBDOczP0KrVwqCY1XdSGRQusAIwQ3bKRU9I8EIPVYxIn3fVMIY3V7HRAPKktkVGF5pz4bJznI_V7ZyYYMeY9k9pFGOdjwOgAgIn5k_Syxajj93SlXw_TTIbPai.kcal0e6woERAInqD5754krhdi_VVDYOwsN_bOOQ1HjB.VWbj9h9k7a0NJkweg.m.Cks3g9v67lWkO8oF4EVEBXmT6PE.Q5ANdAtux5Fe_x3Y1FxFmP4gveADFYAzWkYlsVNJNUXRsYakzjW1uWWtvSwiFZeIQTTFL8rgb6hgxnh2MiDqpFKefwdN9vQqhgyRjEgEKy.feC6QsXlcEbt5.GxIAszmhmBBAiBqA_.20uKmMA01cdJr2dLhUH2n_V0rKY9nQJGrH9dJTWHQesix6mmHFgtGNqtsUyNZTHo6HKxanAm_hAWWQ_phraSqjh3AhO8eBMGlvGt844INgoh30bEcisFJCkjrh_ZBG0q2qIhf25zfeW2u_s_DhF6g",mdrd: "NCptUZF_jo7VVhp9iZOEKcIdRpm0RBNtosl0MTRYD0E-1739800172-1.2.1.1-lNe7wmh1hA3Pi.WhDUHtB.0xyzSoZHb44AVJwUFTFaCMfLajupcY6i.jiyUq8UkZidhT4G0NeroTRR7aJNSxteTV_G4hBwwrOQv7_3DonMK4KNQuo0g1h5_rYxI3Dw2rCsygdg.xwdez3v6ex3wZFS.1ExxMcww2VJmzeK9phmnCyFtoV9w.wuSrH2cbl83PtHZp3Dxps73LzS84KF9infayFpqq7MlskcZKmMHXjcX.ls9VxdJ4kn.dQi3rxNeytC0gXd3hpPhXXjU7oIKiA.lisjQNy8G65rh4BDO9ymfgzi.o7dL7gdgepOGTnAmY2Pvc_g5Pv7WW1C2.WrRjSUWgA6.Offth36t6jD.l38ckNmRjteyEAIqxOveg1zZQ_Rlm4iFBmA_NqUtXFBVCUAM7Q9TzAmBPXhyZ7IsolGcTCb2tbK_GauSvjb4u7kFa29Egf5Ksd2ZIIToUDcf8t8AdWvw5CIyRIv2_QYGQKUUrTlB7jwxVcdAN7pManxBdELqxt31NFRlfOk5spipoVIQ5Hfw2VikpLyoZ3_yr.JTXMv_.HCPpf0ifCd9hL1smEExuhajna_gjttB6PMx6VtOGM0EMjSt.DY2z1KKGm3ymqutOnO0YjJUG0uxNBLtiNbhcORMmfolRQh4D3zSwvuuQKx6Um6w.eTcLemBVriutpSVBgmF0wmGOkrQIUGSG11eQ2gJXetHs1AAZiz769sJwwZzPsCZUNDqBqxSvJQ18kewsXBfJcT4HMc0xS5Xw1PAZOJnD9LH6BZKUEwyO4Y1AjOW2TSDYidt1UB5ofEYyIdGoaSQgVW8lyqPWftcEmyuctUtSEW9IH9DX3e.ksWCHBiruS0wh286FzqN2WgEqxtesRiFQCf4t11AZOjz4VDfzzhpnJBSRXKTvnW0GfXB_bjfSb.A4DrvlcW9nlYVHM6pODaYWdPmfByXno9bPVeAOo89gyAWwyaFCykzc5w1ZKIRsThQBCdGqxZBGFBckVfXA_d46oK0soqRqofhPhk_zIgxG3_8w5uplRfiO8fcGo8m8u.1PRNVFMLJIUh87You.dyC3w6S89brQiNK3bDKJDHzfSvCu.IwORgUlztfPIHY3OfiXhZM3yv5eRe6fBq.MZ8SsYPTnTqabSiMTwq_Z15Ndoudz8QR6iFNSl3j77_fRwJr4y75MIJFymCOJosEBn56yqR5zt94Bd8U._1RxEDv9M7.tZfPfIrR2aTjVxzgBvVAOhwGwao.7YpgdOYLUI62XpgEc_ZzyEMoCLSBw6cOX.rjvaSJOjr40NdvmhrnpKEi6oXUB8qC2TDSSAUS03aTJFvvcf2cU48tztUOyjUl9SLIUqnz_yxIqKzhp2zJxzKSzIzM_0.rEoQrKv9AMvzVCNF38JOclX8h99y54G7B0KesauT8VSSCl9TQ0ebuCQnFSnQdIC7E69sw9HUpDuQBy_eKo_2kC80qNfbAy2iSbAJOkxnsbG7KlLL_JHBrUz51ejuyD.jM14AxiNmza3Ln7yv6J1Oai6mP7vXdj8yN4J7VLD2_Etq7K76mxrP7AtGhAPGyZWqbR8354VnsdW57KWWWngqOxgBw3UYhVisMOLG6gYfpU1EeLjRSZyJdRePMTaDRazxOwck24add4UN3CamTadYiSmjd8kXEAKTjdMkMTNLrPVK7_NOBCdrSi0ArEEqdurN4uZYshDAfS2a0hAy.f7kDsoOri2YiVdbbX77GBt1lRRmlvq2WEbTpb6dK2O.CkUMZsVJiWC4XXl1yjSFBIe.EWLNW0VrmoZTgFeT8ESKDtsGui8HG23AYDoR6.WcZIssfloiaCHj2DluG5EoynYAiON3xc1.izAzSBFOrM8zCuxKE4skaowxq7KVoD.Wcq5grIMoSSgWxuo96eRd.L4AMg0HGiYdqO7NkgPSFPG86FbmdMaGQ436Hz1lXJ0oWy3KftBK4"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91363dc45fa7406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Encoding&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ILRQrlGol1NN2t9P8hTGGHIFjONmhHgkyNXZ_KXCQK0-1739800172-1.0.1.1-TkstfiCQThR9DofJ4UlTLCUus4i4OUmJD5v7rehnt5E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>