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mdc-c-link--secondary___TSFam_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">McKinsey Quarterly</span></a><h1 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-2 mck-u-animation-slide-down ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__heading__bv6rL"><div>Enduring Ideas: The three horizons of growth</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2009-12-01T00:00:00Z">December 1, 2009</time> | Article</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-7 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-10"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">In this interactive presentation鈥攐ne in a series of multimedia frameworks鈥擲teve Coley, a director emeritus in McKinsey鈥檚 Chicago office, describes the three horizons framework. Based on research into how companies sustain growth, this approach illustrates how to manage for current performance while maximizing future opportunities for growth.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"><p><strong>As companies mature,</strong> they often face declining growth as innovation gives way to inertia. In order to achieve consistent levels of growth throughout their corporate lifetimes, companies must attend to existing businesses while still considering areas they can grow in the future. The three horizons framework鈥攆eatured in <i>The Alchemy of Growth</i>,<a href="#" rel="#footnote1" class="link-footnote"><sup>1</sup></a> <span style="display:none" class="tooltip" id="footnote1"><span class="footnote-content"><span class="footnote-number">1.</span><span class="footnote-text"> Mehrdad Baghai, Stephen Coley, and David White, <i>The Alchemy of Growth</i>, New York: Perseus Publishing, 1999. </span><span class="clear"></span> </span><span class="footnote-bottom"></span></span> 鈥攑rovides a structure for companies to assess potential opportunities for growth without neglecting performance in the present. </p>  <p> Horizon one represents those core businesses most readily identified with the company name and those that provide the greatest profits and cash flow. Here the focus is on improving performance to maximize the remaining value. Horizon two encompasses emerging opportunities, including rising entrepreneurial ventures likely to generate substantial profits in the future but that could require considerable investment. Horizon three contains ideas for profitable growth down the road鈥攆or instance, small ventures such as research projects, pilot programs, or minority stakes in new businesses.</p><p> Time, as noted on the <i>x</i>-axis, should not be interpreted as a prompt for when to pay attention鈥攏ow, later, or much later. Companies must manage businesses along all three horizons concurrently. Rather, it suggests the cycle by which businesses and ventures move, over time, from horizon two to horizon one, or from horizon three to horizon two. The <i>y</i>-axis represents the growth in value that companies may achieve by attending to all three horizons simultaneously.</p>  <p> The framework continues to be useful, especially in uncertain times. The immediacy of concerns around horizon-one businesses can easily overwhelm other efforts important to the future of a company. C-suite leaders can use the three horizons model as a blueprint for balancing attention to and investments in both current performance and opportunities for growth.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div></main></div><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="StandalonePromo" class="RelatedArticle_mck-c-article-related__GGA76 mck-u-screen-only" data-layer-region="related-articles"><div class="mdc-o-container__wrapper is-wrapped mdc-u-spaced-mobile"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Related Articles</h5><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-2 RelatedArticle_items-container__s2uD0"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/featured-insights/employment-and-growth/a-fine-grained-view-of-the-sources-of-growth" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-afin-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="figr08_frth_1536x1152_Original" class="picture-uniqueKey-afin-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/employment%20and%20growth/a%20fine%20grained%20view%20of%20the%20sources%20of%20growth/figr08_frth_1536x1152_original.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Interview</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/featured-insights/employment-and-growth/a-fine-grained-view-of-the-sources-of-growth" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>A fine-grained view of the sources of growth</div></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/enduring-ideas-classic-mckinsey-frameworks-that-continue-to-inform-management-thinking" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-endur-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="MainFrameworkLarge_feature_1536x1536_Original" class="picture-uniqueKey-endur-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/business%20functions/strategy%20and%20corporate%20finance/our%20insights/enduring%20ideas%20classic%20mckinsey%20frameworks%20that%20continue%20to%20inform%20management%20thinking/mainframeworklarge_feature_1536x1536_original.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article - <i>McKinsey Quarterly</i></span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/enduring-ideas-classic-mckinsey-frameworks-that-continue-to-inform-management-thinking" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Enduring Ideas: Classic McKinsey frameworks that continue to inform management thinking</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"Enduring Ideas The three horizons of growth","displayName":"Enduring Ideas The three horizons of growth","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"61058f90-eb6c-49f5-8f78-155c0ccf9532","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Enduring Ideas: The three horizons of growth"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":""},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"In this interactive presentation鈥攐ne in a series of multimedia frameworks鈥擲teve Coley, a director emeritus in McKinsey鈥檚 Chicago office, describes the three horizons framework. Based on research into how companies sustain growth, this approach illustrates how to manage for current performance while maximizing future opportunities for growth."}},"sEODescription":{"value":""},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs companies mature,\u003c/strong\u003e they often face declining growth as innovation gives way to inertia. In order to achieve consistent levels of growth throughout their corporate lifetimes, companies must attend to existing businesses while still considering areas they can grow in the future. The three horizons framework鈥攆eatured in \u003ci\u003eThe Alchemy of Growth\u003c/i\u003e,\u003ca class='link-footnote' rel='#footnote1' href='#' onclick='return false;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan id='footnote1' class='tooltip' style='display:none;'\u003e\u003cspan class='footnote-content'\u003e\u003cspan class='footnote-number'\u003e1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class='footnote-text'\u003e\r\nMehrdad Baghai, Stephen Coley, and David White, \u003ci\u003eThe Alchemy of Growth\u003c/i\u003e, New York: Perseus Publishing, 1999.\r\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class='clear'\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class='footnote-bottom'\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e 鈥攑rovides a structure for companies to assess potential opportunities for growth without neglecting performance in the present. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n[[audio THG Podcast]]\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\nHorizon one represents those core businesses most readily identified with the company name and those that provide the greatest profits and cash flow. Here the focus is on improving performance to maximize the remaining value. Horizon two encompasses emerging opportunities, including rising entrepreneurial ventures likely to generate substantial profits in the future but that could require considerable investment. Horizon three contains ideas for profitable growth down the road鈥攆or instance, small ventures such as research projects, pilot programs, or minority stakes in new businesses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\r\nTime, as noted on the \u003ci\u003ex\u003c/i\u003e-axis, should not be interpreted as a prompt for when to pay attention鈥攏ow, later, or much later. Companies must manage businesses along all three horizons concurrently. Rather, it suggests the cycle by which businesses and ventures move, over time, from horizon two to horizon one, or from horizon three to horizon two. The \u003ci\u003ey\u003c/i\u003e-axis represents the growth in value that companies may achieve by attending to all three horizons simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n[[interactive interactive]]\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\nThe framework continues to be useful, especially in uncertain times. The immediacy of concerns around horizon-one businesses can easily overwhelm other efforts important to the future of a company. C-suite leaders can use the three horizons model as a blueprint for balancing attention to and investments in both current performance and opportunities for growth.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"RegisteredUsers"},"value":{"value":"Registered 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