CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91353146eac38970',cH: 'Wu8HZZ3c_MDC8Ja9Gmrs0D41hCygWZ4s48z8syp9G1Q-1739789174-1.2.1.1-JnObhI8na7NSJn7T4xlrTy3H7rFSKw6AhS7G1S.pE2qXxnM4y9_7HF1nhqZmaRZX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=downstream%20supply%20chain&__cf_chl_tk=IiO5mulE41W6BjeCkTzW3bctx8_Ls8f4LkC.WoIElYc-1739789174-1.0.1.1-U3Wdc147rsSPuyy7YZ_GOQmLPCqmNUZjKZS0e55nVP8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789174',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=downstream%20supply%20chain&__cf_chl_f_tk=IiO5mulE41W6BjeCkTzW3bctx8_Ls8f4LkC.WoIElYc-1739789174-1.0.1.1-U3Wdc147rsSPuyy7YZ_GOQmLPCqmNUZjKZS0e55nVP8",md: "b47kHHKFHAoG5mvl82MyvcfIhP00Ic6B9IKZQHs6yjM-1739789174-1.2.1.1-hqFrfHS.tIJxcCFaFvdrZhkLMa_vbeDp3V_KlllHLiGQGuUubgajoqraimQfFDJjTilNUJPD08KGjLVJNAYUANafxMqD36uMBV2NsX0mJsyjB1kYoTAuHRXvQI.7xxWvMi9y73qUeAvG_s3FQgXkuh2g5ZsTVCXRjb7uyNKIaP99ROGqMM17ePnyvufQRBSGDnUcrC2Nx3ab15THHiJuDLtd9XA4TffOz9ONCb6bS4yarLWXnj6TNJGq8qwvjlkocJ3rG0ZiMhfqCjWStMVDcPE8j5CFFBW50IcB4oXXgWcY9aKbHeljGi9N5pgWCm5gRW61LLdFiWOHIJ2EreDgHOnJrn.OI_eSqCJ5oS3YUNBAd5z3mkayOyHMs5DwtgmMvi6r52irXf1aGAzJFz8RM3zLZPNiJV7cMY6dHPuZvJg7WYGum76ZaSMQFPVMHPdwRkczPbTYFTSiKPWilWX1FIbvx51wWDCPCaTYwxH1MHG_C99K9R3fVt3k0fdDo3Hi3DFmVPkvAJ5_sn0rHLs7QUj9soXODgUV6Av0uoh4EZwShITE6YMf.Zkx3G2j9R5O09seaBhVa5oZmh.2EHtSOIGKkr6fQYZKCorOWQ1XjtbwU.uPp9QmZMnU7pRBoiHPX3XNNF.xL8HBDumiY2i_h0IkffqecLsHYOiymGyzYVxPiU7dgyqwHZ.P40qe_AGppE..9TJEoA1BXghj05OSF6xZ2secmDitijvFCmuZd.iAYQETupqOmVc6_37E_mxSjGbXCKX8Ao6TT7zXntaKBeGt3OI8BTKlaQHfaxQE0yHvx1A1FK3ni_oV4D3Jah0Lkg6k6kjZYKL97.Q6Z.7wX2Q3_GCkCnUmPEdj5mQSlHNLBbXP0eeqmtc88XHH5VsuuuM8.Wh07Fg6_q.tyRFkq1gh_H4eD9zRMH3vvWJxFPlRCkPuoDkiWzNj6TxeO4nkfhkW5s6Ut4dp2KBEzSgdwVFWsnozunwPOG7UYzxtjV7dSNnHw.chowPI4n1O468VYS64fogdGgzT3enSeUmQQk3B6YTQEeySoGy6i_CEl_UOKK7o.W0GQp513M5U_Ui9CinUXXf.SdpjeQbWTs8tFwRhwUJ4sdb.dvBnJsDf6tUz3SAWwySxKM6HB17IgDdUM836TSbRgFagf1yoOvcTVALefndR_5ZetSs92gG8bQtTtrVNWoh_oecyVL6VfecVo32hjnhdQ5wYb6_9YNmC_5B7LgRnIgD303iq4GMtVGlHgHWuYdCgrTDTX4vI2omCCzMLPsSuiTR5GYxBZ11G6A3mhP7myKaSwCo0D7.qyaKJcMQf_teqzfuNnPx5PjkOLsrXkY_8FZ5knQ052qrDPmUB72O6.h11v0u9L1jRhxJCK0DETrryhroaSPoAgFWmN08dAXIWGy7nEKgT1E8UfMWIdQC5rsKUgtdhGrtY8iMDVrKjrgVLTABolqiiU52RK_wlE4dLBOJkLlPT5n1RTZaSASyTeHyad4VdycFIMmJrXTrjtRY8DF8plXGHU0KZIRoIeS2HBzk4rvC_LJjaGV3etxHTECxGQPI6t3vH2OuVNrOeEIGk9WSkQsV5i3RBcdyQYL.Qq_wp39UGGksdld.TD6T93UdMoYXLKNtJxYlidqN0OqVNPN3rMSgZ2IeM0rfe9T55OScNeABqWM0jfX4x122yz6GWRnZtQrXP_t0Nm9TNATp_FwDPHNHi4xyy6HyAysp7BS0MMkIesuAdaF2VYb20rCWt54KhB8NU6DvI2yLEt4onJaXjQZCX3_f.Vh5_p0NrmlVEI12GRAnSusTXBcj4sww1v6A4aSjmUZOLfSDoL2POvEKrROYQUM1Oy0vM6QbY.B9wiNmExBfMkog9xKs.U3ZJg6LIrCctYoIx1jncTeFaytwwuOqUVsBGVyMxuuHB7sS9O5.rdMKV7Zok4l9cE0mgGVe5_nOlYb1_GVAygGylVy5z7.qBEjA2",mdrd: "Nl2ZC_oGcz9FRJrZtlJJKAuNcMBnY9QkHuJJGG_IFOc-1739789174-1.2.1.1-x3fznOkt3MlgPa_.vXz4_g3Xe4Y56z34AkG9au2s2bUNo5oh8ISTmZbqWn65nIumIg2exf0vy50ENVyWx3h3Si2x0NHQPVuKTchNAEx1txzq17DQlhtaajTIWrZzCz5_Oa9vkw435b9zpgK9jwi8PudvKuy4BGmvxpE2qgZfUHwDZ3HWNyFlAK0v_FEh3xdE_SjYvYWdB479Ar04VIUd3VdVuAzoqajrD1ncXcGmbDtduBWKrss_KBS0CHhGsJzRbj7v7dr2I7hDTcNWF7PjHAmxvqHXDUvi055bwat9_xe9KWHXC2.RVwOJva_fAAchQUmkclyuUgc7bWvP35hOBEmbAJ6mV83zLQrMPZ0.fUxtmgyEpy0Vm2UTzBIzoLZwSlJOAKRHKrMrRorORpnzVLAZTtAhC1uEP87a7AlgtH7dcsGvlaU2FQ3qPgJ2GQcCh29Rm2.NEtk33GuQysVvBraFFRIseMTJgKqpuU6ehe6gpmJ7zwhd.buHSqn7QJIaF_k4RlqkUDd0kdnpEmY92X8SCV_glHoo4SykYVoZHU7Ebrg3GIVrgE6zj6DE7ZOFdi5CQfTuXohCOt1zKYVIvsGhu7JWwkQu5S57raLb3_t.Unu3hgcumjBLqoLHl8Pd8ecO7rMD1FEIcuFTLwfnS3ud9Y__JCLpQI_YoZUa8NbHwRlOXKBFL11zQ2pSggF8v7lESRnZkkRSj_7oS45jxarFNWFdAYCVN2u5oLF4IXOKI1I5tCrI7H3igCG_Bt8xRX67LZPkLnnyD7uo53_wCtKZsT66FvH_PXbUbub2cjG6v3aHMBGo4Zq_IfxEie0oS3coaSBNahG8VVTwxeDImG3wI0F3AjWFuRK6HGQmQrmlFiq4qxfL_d3xHPmNMJ1fAH.Vt3k67L80vc58GllmjtP_eyXq4dfTc7sGZ_zeYA9J.jkY4YG75oLy1jFaajN.xW0hyKSH1iFXPRPJfz.06G1o9TBncMoiieAfaP8YPV1glG0wd1RWvd5cfAk0ReXlUe4CEdppj7O0ouqEjeSKNO0_lLDa4uBpfytkLDTcV5l7vC.SGvY5yk1R6ei7UwwCDQXQ_0ZqIahH2GVOYrvi8gvTnuCC0VIVOg3lHLZlUeOAXypzOkKeFbgD80t7l8sA5kSZPJE3mm8Em.z.K54ra.qHy8pVRzZtbhrL0f_o7Moy4o1U7IpAyiFtM_tHIZpx7OnBenva3BmJ3Qkk5sGNkbVI27Q2ZsgLzCH0owcKdICwQaZZfwB16CUSsHd9619RvFerv5mPvIBtF2tsvQfdIVQrCch9Z5vWoelN7eAAvbKlMnu6IodrxEkJPn9_rzArePX5UTsXmr9xTAhq4ZQ8pwEdndv_xkkkedFTNqfZf_bzhPGzF0QsYdVCWsrg1h54uN7H1IKEfaw8xE78g9w8O9PgyCyQdUFBU6B0RTrdFBlGvpu.VHgNkfuIR7rpTdKU_vBcZ_5wkNS5x4Syfjd8ZRX7a8JkP4EjDjxS32OcForYoF5k.JdjEP_OB0zClCNKECKL8nGU6kHcDwuZBnnyENYYqMd.SDiQ3JfYIF0mcD2XS5LGwVQj6MC2jkJLvYAMQV4b2bVSYJygzf79u9m3W.9BhbYg9RNgCM8bA.RCar2UyC3_rHEl3zmqEi1qTEcLww5eWHO8xob8AdD0tVJM0vpDn1EPz0M4EfRULAIrfWI1y2f8XFz.919Ij5bwWhCpDsKOs4Nuqk4rpsHQp5jw7m9XqmpryjEmL8BcpRP6DtB4t2uXe.mk939PTlptYdEOcyCWMm8D5lKg0HeWld6Du.PNLnWbIlolVhULS_bu.lnQKxkn_9NBX_xMVwV3o.UETNbNxZcEwvAMKTuxlXjOYSE.ERhCz36qJI6iYJDbc1P30qAiifKLEftDcczQqwawBnqW7kWtlfDI.ZYf.82qJNxlJaG1Z9GM4yVJFQhPcan_GWI_c3WMyaWgM7NAUAmpPZICzg2Yzzkkl4GYMPE83A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353146eac38970';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=downstream%20supply%20chain&__cf_chl_rt_tk=IiO5mulE41W6BjeCkTzW3bctx8_Ls8f4LkC.WoIElYc-1739789174-1.0.1.1-U3Wdc147rsSPuyy7YZ_GOQmLPCqmNUZjKZS0e55nVP8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>