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</div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Moral Majority</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Moral_Majority" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Moral+Majority" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> The Moral Majority was an American political organization and movement associated with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It was founded in 1979 by <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> minister <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell Sr.</a> and associates, and dissolved in the late 1980s. It played a key role in the mobilization of conservative Christians as a political force and particularly in Republican presidential victories throughout the 1980s. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg/220px-Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg/330px-Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg/440px-Jerry_Falwell_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1969"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell Sr.</a>, whose founding of the Moral Majority was a key step in the formation of the New Christian 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id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Before_establishment">1.1 Before establishment</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Establishment_and_organizational_activity">1.2 Establishment and organizational activity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Dissolution">1.3 Dissolution</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Organizational_goals_and_composition">2 Organizational goals and composition</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Social_agenda">2.1 Social agenda</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Gay_rights_issues">2.1.1 Gay rights issues</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Organizational_structure">3 Organizational structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Political_involvement">4 Political involvement</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Presidential_elections">4.1 Presidential elections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#1980">4.1.1 1980</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#1984">4.1.2 1984</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#1988">4.1.3 1988</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Challenges_to_the_Moral_Majority">5 Challenges to the Moral Majority</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Bob_Jones">5.1 Bob Jones</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Norman_Lear">5.2 Norman Lear</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Moral_Majority_Coalition">6 Moral Majority Coalition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Notable_people_within_the_movement">7 Notable people within the movement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References">9 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Notes">9.1 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Sources">9.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Further_reading">10 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_establishment">Before establishment</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before establishment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The origins of the Moral Majority can be traced to 1976 when Baptist <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell Sr.</a> embarked on a series of "I Love America" rallies across the country to raise awareness of social issues important to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198358-1">[1]</a> These rallies were an extension of Falwell's decision to go against the traditional <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> principle of separating religion and politics, a change of heart Falwell says he had when he perceived what he described as the decay of the nation's morality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003152-2">[2]</a> Through hosting these rallies, Falwell was able to gauge national support for a formal organization and also raise his profile as a leader. Having already been a part of a well-established network of ministers and ministries, within a few years Falwell was favorably positioned to launch the Moral Majority. The impetus for the Moral Majority was the struggle for control of an American <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> Christian advocacy group known as <a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Voice (USA)">Christian Voice</a> during 1978. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grant_(Christian_Leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Grant (Christian Leader)">Robert Grant</a>, Christian Voice's president, said in a news conference that the <a href="/wiki/Religious_right_in_the_United_States" title="Religious right in the United States">religious right</a> was a "sham... controlled by three <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jew</a>." Following this, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Paul Weyrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Terry Dolan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Richard Viguerie</a> (the Catholics) and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a> (the Jew) left Christian Voice. During a 1979 meeting, they urged televangelist <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell Sr.</a> to found the Moral Majority (a phrase coined by Weyrich<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>). This was the period when the <a href="/wiki/New_Christian_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="New Christian Right">New Christian Right</a> arose.<a href="#cite_note-Martin1996a-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Diamond1995a-5">[5]</a> Joining Falwell in the Moral Majority was Ed McAteer, who the same year, founded the Religious Roundtable in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Falwell also brought in <a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">Tim LaHaye</a>, leader of a clergy group opposed to gay rights and <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> figure, as an organizer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECelestini2018300-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_and_organizational_activity">Establishment and organizational activity</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment and organizational activity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Falwell and Weyrich founded the Moral Majority in June 1979.<a href="#cite_note-Hudson-8">[8]</a> According to former Arkansas governor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a>, who was Texas evangelist <a href="/wiki/James_Robison_(televangelist)" title="James Robison (televangelist)">James Robison</a>'s communications director at the time, Robison's "Freedom Rally" at the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Convention Center">Dallas Convention Center</a> was the genesis of the Moral Majority.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The Moral Majority was predominately a Southern-oriented organization of the Christian Right, although its state chapters and political activity extended beyond the South.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198358-1">[1]</a> The number of state chapters grew quickly, with organizations in eighteen states by 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198331%E2%80%9332-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The variety of resources available to the Moral Majority at its founding facilitated this rapid expansion, and included Falwell's mailing list from his program, Old Time Gospel Hour. In addition, the Moral Majority took control of the Old Time Gospel Hour's publication, Journal Champion, which had been distributed to the show's donors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198361-12">[12]</a> Through the 1980s, Falwell was the organization's best-known spokesperson. By 1982, Moral Majority surpassed <a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Voice (USA)">Christian Voice</a> in size and influence. The Moral Majority's headquarters were in <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>, where Falwell was the presiding minister of the nation's largest independent Baptist church, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Road_Baptist_Church" title="Thomas Road Baptist Church">Thomas Road Baptist Church</a>. Virginia has been a seat of Christian Right politics, being the state where the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">Christian Coalition</a>'s first headquarters were established. Falwell was at the head of the Moral Majority and maintained an advisory board, constituting the organization's primary leadership. This leadership was drawn mostly from Falwell's fellow members of the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Bible_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Bible Fellowship">Baptist Bible Fellowship</a>. Falwell insisted the Moral Majority leadership also include Catholics and Jews, although not all members of the leadership approved of this inclusion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003153-13">[13]</a> The Moral Majority was an organization made up of conservative Christian <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committees</a> which campaigned on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. They believed this represented the opinions of the majority of Americans (hence the movement's name). With a membership of millions, the Moral Majority became one of the largest conservative <a href="/wiki/Lobby_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobby groups">lobby groups</a> in the United States and at its height, it claimed more than four million members and over two million donors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199696-14">[14]</a> These members were spread among about twenty state organizations, of which <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> State's was the largest. The Moral Majority was incorporated into the Liberty Federation in 1985, remaining a distinct entity but falling under the Liberty Federation's larger jurisdiction. In 1987, Falwell retired as the formal head of the Moral Majority, and was succeeded by Jerry Nims,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> although he maintained an active and visible role within the organization. The same year, a major effort which Falwell made to bring scandal-ridden <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_PTL_Club" title="The PTL Club">PTL ministries</a> out of financial trouble proved unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dissolution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> By the end of <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s presidential administration, Christian Right organizations were generally in a phase of decline. After Reagan's two terms in office, donations were decreasing, because after eight years of Christian Right-supported leadership, the nation was no longer seen as in the same state of supposed moral peril as it was when Reagan first took office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199638-18">[18]</a> The Moral Majority's financial base seriously eroded by the time it became part of the Liberty Federation; its financial difficulties ultimately were a major factor in the decision to disband the organization.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199214-19">[19]</a> Falwell offered an optimistic public opinion about the Moral Majority's dissolution. Disbanding the Moral Majority in 1989 in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, Falwell declared, "Our goal has been achieved... The religious right is solidly in place and [...] religious conservatives in America are now in for the duration."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003198-20">[20]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Organizational_goals_and_composition">Organizational goals and composition</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organizational goals and composition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The Moral Majority sought to mobilize <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> Americans to become politically active on issues they thought were important. A variety of tactics were used to garner support. These tactics included direct-mail campaigns, telephone hotlines, rallies, and religious television broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Although the Moral Majority operated for only a decade, it rapidly became a visible political force and was relatively effective in its mobilization goals. According to Robert Liebman and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wuthnow" title="Robert Wuthnow">Robert Wuthnow</a>, common explanations for this success include:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198355%E2%80%9357-22">[22]</a> <ul><li>The Moral Majority was founded with strong financial backing already in place.</li> <li>Its leaders frequently communicated with its constituents, enabling consistent messages to resonate throughout all levels.</li> <li>Its leaders generally had previous organizational and management experience.</li> <li>The general public was amenable to the issues the Moral Majority emphasized.</li></ul> Scholar Carmen Celestini argues that the <a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a> issues, <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiratorialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">apocalypticism</a>, and fear emphasized in the <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> were key aspects in the successful mobilization of the Moral Majority, particularly through Tim LaHaye, a Moral Majority figure and John Birch Society member and speaker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECelestini201837%E2%80%9338-23">[23]</a> Some issues for which the Moral Majority campaigned included:<a href="#cite_note-columbia-24">[24]</a> <ul><li>Promotion of <a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">traditional family values</a></li> <li>Opposition to media outlets accused of promoting an anti-family agenda</li> <li>Opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li>Opposition to state recognition or acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexual</a> acts</li> <li>Prohibition of <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, including in cases involving incest or rape<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer in schools">prayers in schools</a></li> <li>Proselytising to <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and other non-Christians for conversion to Christianity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_agenda">Social agenda</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social agenda" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Moral Majority successfully campaigned to create an integrated social platform that appealed to most conservative Christians by packaging a variety of previously disparate issues under the banner of "traditional <a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">family values</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFetner200858-26">[26]</a> The Moral Majority portrayed issues such as abortion, divorce, feminism, gay and lesbian rights, and the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a> as attacks on the traditional concept and values of American families and tapped into a sense of societal <a href="/wiki/Moral_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral decay">moral decay</a> that resonated with many <a href="/wiki/Evangelicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelicals">evangelicals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Banwart-27">[27]</a> They also campaigned for the inclusion of prayer in schools and tax incentives for married couples as protection for the traditional family structure. Under this pro-family agenda, they mobilized a large base of supporters with issue-centric dialogue that they proliferated in their network of preachers and mailings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFetner200858-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gay_rights_issues">Gay rights issues</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gay rights issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In particular, the anti-homosexual rhetoric that they publicized through fundraising letters and <a href="/wiki/Christian_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian broadcasting">Christian broadcasting</a> had higher contribution rates than other topics. While not explicitly anti-gay in their public platforms during the 1970s, their internal mobilization as "shared anti-gay sentiment aided in solidifying a collective set of grievances and ideologies, in establishing a collective identity of constituents, and in constructing a hostile enemy against which the conservative Christian activists were to fight".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFetner200860-28">[28]</a> The Moral Majority refrained from directly speaking out against gays, feminists, and pro-abortion parties and instead used "pro-family" rhetoric to articulate their point. For example, instead of coming out directly against homosexuality and gay families, leaders of the Moral Majority defined a family as "two heterosexual parents", which appealed to many conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-Banwart-27">[27]</a> Later, as the organization gained more influence in the 1980s, their rhetoric became more explicit in their stance on <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> as they characterized the movement as an attack on the American family. <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell Sr.</a> expressed that because gay people were <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">rejected by most of society</a>, they had no choice but to prey on the young and were therefore a threat to children and families. Various Moral Majority members also expressed more extreme opinions, such as Moral Majority commentator Charlie Judd, who argued that "There are absolutes in this world. Just as jumping off a building will kill a person, so will the spread of homosexuality bring about the demise of American culture as we know it".<a href="#cite_note-Banwart-27">[27]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organizational structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The Moral Majority comprised four distinct organizations:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198354-29">[29]</a> <ul><li>Moral Majority Inc. – the organization's lobbying division, which addressed issues on local, state, and national levels.</li> <li>Moral Majority Foundation – the organization's educational component, through which the Moral Majority educated ministers and lay people on political issues and conducted voter registration drives.</li> <li>Moral Majority Legal Defense Fund – the organization's legal instrument, used primarily to challenge the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">secular humanist</a> issues in court.</li> <li>Moral Majority Political Action Committee – the organization's mechanism for supporting the candidacy of people whose political platforms reflected Moral Majority values.</li></ul> The state chapters of the Moral Majority were financially independent from the national organization and relied on local resources to conduct their activities. Consequently, the national organization encouraged local chapters to cooperate with their policies but had little control over local chapters' activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198370-30">[30]</a> Political activity of the Moral Majority divided accordingly, with the national Moral Majority office usually focused on addressing multiple issues through Congress while local branches tended to work on a single issue within their respective states.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198371-31">[31]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Political_involvement">Political involvement</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political involvement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The Moral Majority engaged in political activity in a variety of ways, including national media campaigns and <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> organization aimed at supporting particular candidates in elections and using mail and phone calls to reach office-holders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199686-32">[32]</a> The Moral Majority's initial political actions were aimed at supporting <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a>' proposed legislation on <a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">school prayer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198334-33">[33]</a> Before long, the Moral Majority became heavily invested in presidential elections and national politics; although at the state level branches of the Moral Majority continued to pursue specific issues at lower levels of government. As far as elections, state Moral Majority chapters tended to deliberately focus their efforts towards particular candidates. For example, state chapters participated in campaigns to oust liberal members of Congress during the 1980 election. Also, in 1981, the Moral Majority mobilized delegates to the Virginia Republican state nominating convention in order to support Guy Farley, an evangelical candidate for lieutenant governor.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Nationally, the Moral Majority encouraged electoral participation among its members and used <a href="/wiki/Voter_registration_drives" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter registration drives">registration drives</a> to register church-goers to vote, with the logic that Moral Majority members would be likely to vote for Moral Majority-endorsed candidates, thus strengthening the organization's electoral efficacy and strengthening its endorsements. Leaders within the Moral Majority asked ministers give their congregants political direction, reminding congregants when to vote, whom to vote for, and why the Moral Majority held particular positions on issues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198337-35">[35]</a> The Moral Majority, however, is probably best known for its involvement in presidential elections, specifically those of Ronald Reagan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Presidential elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The 1976 election of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> as President of the United States marked a milestone for evangelical Christians. For the first time, a self-professed evangelical Christian had been elected to the nation's highest office, bringing the national awareness of evangelical Christianity to a new level. Despite commonality in religious identification, however, evangelical Christians in general and eventually the newly formed Moral Majority in particular came to be disappointed with Carter's policies. Carter did not share the Moral Majority's political imperative to unify personal and political positions and would instead support the positions of his own party, the Democratic Party. In particular, Carter did not actively oppose his party's general pro-choice platform on abortion, nor did Carter work to bridge the church–state divide, both factors in the Moral Majority's decision to support Ronald Reagan's candidacy in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003152-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980">1980</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1980" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Moral Majority was a relatively early supporter of Reagan, endorsing him before the Republican convention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198336-36">[36]</a> According to Jimmy Carter, "that autumn [1980] a group headed by Jerry Falwell purchased $10 million in commercials on southern radio and TV to brand me as a traitor to the South and no longer a Christian."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Naturally, the Moral Majority continued working on behalf of Reagan after he gained the Republican nomination. Following the organization's lead, more than one-fifth of Moral Majority supporters that had supported Carter in 1976 voted for Reagan in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox1992117-38">[38]</a> After Reagan's victory, Falwell attributed Reagan's success directly to the Moral Majority and others registering and encouraging church-goers to vote who had never before been politically active.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199296-39">[39]</a> Empirical evidence suggests that Falwell's claim about the role of Christian Right organizations in Reagan's victory has some truth, though difficult to determine definitively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox1992115%E2%80%93117-40">[40]</a> Reagan sought input from the Moral Majority leadership during his campaign and appointed the Rev. Robert Billings, the Moral Majority's first executive director, to be a religious advisor to the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198360-41">[41]</a> Later, Reagan appointed Billings to a position in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education</a>. This appointment was particularly significant for the Moral Majority, which had lobbied on education policy issues, especially those regarding private schools.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1984">1984</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1984" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Moral Majority maintained their support for Reagan's 1984 reelection campaign and, alongside other Christian Right organizations, influenced the Republican platform for the election, shaping the party's campaign stances on school prayer and abortion.<a href="#cite_note-Election-43">[43]</a> The nation's political climate, however, had changed since Reagan's first campaign. Although Reagan won reelection, the role of the Moral Majority in the victory had changed since 1980. A study of voters in the 1984 election showed that more anti-Moral Majority voters voted for <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> than pro-Moral Majority voters voted for Reagan, suggesting the Moral Majority may have actually had a negative effect on Reagan's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Election-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1988">1988</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1988" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> 1988 was the last presidential election for which the Moral Majority was an active organization. With Reagan having reached his two-term limit, the Republican nomination was open to a variety of primary contenders. The evangelical minister and televangelist <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a> sought the Republican nomination and would have been, at first glance, a natural choice for the Moral Majority's support. Although Robertson's political platforms were extremely similar to the ones the Moral Majority supported, Falwell gave his organization's endorsement to contender <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> instead. Falwell's decision highlighted the rivalry between Falwell and Robertson as televangelists but also revealed the deep-seated tension that still persisted between competing evangelical traditions – Falwell's <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist Christianity">fundamentalist</a> tradition was at odds with Robertson's <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">charismatic</a> tradition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox1992xv-44">[44]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Challenges_to_the_Moral_Majority">Challenges to the Moral Majority</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Challenges to the Moral Majority" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> By 1987–88, the views of the Moral Majority were challenged widely and the organization started to crumble. With its waning support, critics said "The Moral Majority is neither", meaning the organization was neither moral nor a majority. By 1988, there were serious cash flow problems and Falwell dismantled the organization in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bob_Jones">Bob Jones</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bob Jones" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During its existence the Moral Majority experienced friction with other evangelical leaders and organizations as well as liberal leaders and organizations. For example, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_Jr." title="Bob Jones Jr.">Bob Jones</a> particularly sought to challenge the public position of the Moral Majority and was known to make public statements that the Moral Majority was an instrument of Satan, due to Falwell’s abandonment of strict separatism and willingness to collaborate with Catholics and Orthodox Jews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003153-13">[13]</a> Such rivalries affected the Moral Majority's grassroots efforts. In South Carolina, the Moral Majority had no presence because <a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_University" title="Bob Jones University">Bob Jones University</a>'s religious network had already organized the state's independent Baptists.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Presidential_elections">tension between Falwell and Pat Robertson</a> also affected the Moral Majority. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norman_Lear">Norman Lear</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Norman Lear" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On the ideologically opposed side, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a>'s liberal organization <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">People for the American Way</a> was formed with the specific intention of opposing the platforms of the Moral Majority and other Christian Right organizations.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Moral_Majority_Coalition">Moral Majority Coalition</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Moral Majority Coalition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> In November 2004, Falwell revived the Moral Majority name for a new organization, the Moral Majority Coalition. The intent of the organization is to continue the "evangelical revolution" to help conservative politicians get elected. Referring to the Coalition as a "21st century resurrection of the Moral Majority," Falwell, a father of the modern "religious right" political movement, committed to leading the organization for four years.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-48">[48]</a> He died on May 15, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-falwelldeath-49">[49]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notable_people_within_the_movement">Notable people within the movement</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable people within the movement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dobson" title="Ed Dobson">Ed Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell Sr.</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grant_(Christian_Leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Grant (Christian Leader)">Robert Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">D. James Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">Beverly LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">Tim LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Trent Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Prevo" title="Jerry Prevo">Jerry Prevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pullen" title="Penny Pullen">Penny Pullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_A._Reisman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith A. Reisman">Judith A. Reisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robison_(televangelist)" title="James Robison (televangelist)">James Robison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stanley_(evangelist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Stanley (evangelist)">Charles Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Thomas" title="Cal Thomas">Cal Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Richard Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Paul Weyrich</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, 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</div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198358-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198358_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198358_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003152-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003152_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003152_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllitt2003">Allitt 2003</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLernoux1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Lernoux, Penny (April 17, 1989). "A Reverence for Fundamentalism". <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>. Vol. 248, no. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=A+Reverence+for+Fundamentalism&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=15&rft.date=1989-04-17&rft.aulast=Lernoux&rft.aufirst=Penny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin1996a-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin1996a_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1996" class="citation book cs1">Martin, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780553067453">With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America</a>. New York: Broadway Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-06745-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-06745-3"><bdi>978-0-553-06745-3</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+God+on+Our+Side%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Religious+Right+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-553-06745-3&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780553067453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diamond1995a-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Diamond1995a_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Diamond_(sociologist)" title="Sara Diamond (sociologist)">Diamond, Sara</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roadstodominionr00diamrich">Roads to Dominion</a>. New York: Guilford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89862-864-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89862-864-7"><bdi>978-0-89862-864-7</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roads+to+Dominion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Guilford+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-89862-864-7&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froadstodominionr00diamrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2004" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Margalit (October 10, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/us/edward-e-mcateer-78-empowered-christian-right.html?_r=0">"Edward E. McAteer, 78; Empowered Christian Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160717053211/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/us/edward-e-mcateer-78-empowered-christian-right.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Edward+E.+McAteer%2C+78%3B+Empowered+Christian+Right&rft.date=2004-10-10&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F10%2Fobituaries%2Fus%2Fedward-e-mcateer-78-empowered-christian-right.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECelestini2018300-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelestini2018300_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCelestini2018">Celestini 2018</a>, p. 300. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudson-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Hudson_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson,_D.W.2008" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, D.W. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-kxKOrqtQBQC">Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States</a>. Threshold Editions. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416565895" title="Special:BookSources/9781416565895"><bdi>9781416565895</bdi></a>. Retrieved November 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onward%2C+Christian+Soldiers%3A+The+Growing+Political+Power+of+Catholics+and+Evangelicals+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Threshold+Editions&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781416565895&rft.au=Hudson%2C+D.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-kxKOrqtQBQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Levy, Ariel (June 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/28/100628fa_fact_levy">"Prodigal Son"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122210441/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/28/100628fa_fact_levy">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Prodigal+Son&rft.date=2010-06-28&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Freporting%2F2010%2F06%2F28%2F100628fa_fact_levy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198331–32-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198331%E2%80%9332_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2010" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Daniel K. (April 2010). 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Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020035535/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-06/local/me-10334_1_moral-majority">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=From+Beatnik+to+Religious+Right+Figure%3A+New+Moral+Majority+Leader+Took+His+Own+Path&rft.date=1988-02-06&rft.aulast=Lohmann&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-02-06-me-10334-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1987" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Jerry (November 5, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=0EB4EFBFDE4E0961&p_docnum=4&s_dlid=DL0116101916414009005&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F15%2F2030&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F15%2F2030&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=refuser&s_accountid=AC0114070818394531470&s_upgradeable=no">"Falwell's Successor Recalls Fondly HIs Bay Area Roots Nims' dad was controversial preacher in the city"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Falwell%27s+Successor+Recalls+Fondly+HIs+Bay+Area+Roots+Nims%27+dad+was+controversial+preacher+in+the+city&rft.date=1987-11-05&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_docid%3D0EB4EFBFDE4E0961%26p_docnum%3D4%26s_dlid%3DDL0116101916414009005%26s_ecproduct%3DSUB-FREE%26s_ecprodtype%3DINSTANT%26s_trackval%3D%26s_siteloc%3D%26s_referrer%3D%26s_subterm%3DSubscription%2520until%253A%252012%252F15%252F2030%26s_docsbal%3D%2520%26s_subexpires%3D12%252F15%252F2030%26s_docstart%3D%26s_docsleft%3D%26s_docsread%3D%26s_username%3Drefuser%26s_accountid%3DAC0114070818394531470%26s_upgradeable%3Dno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/09/us/falwell-quits-warning-ptl-ministry-may-end.html">"Falwell Quits, Warning PTL Ministry May End"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 9, 1987. Retrieved December 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Falwell+Quits%2C+Warning+PTL+Ministry+May+End&rft.date=1987-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F10%2F09%2Fus%2Ffalwell-quits-warning-ptl-ministry-may-end.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199638-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilcox199638_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilcox1996">Wilcox 1996</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199214-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilcox199214_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilcox1992">Wilcox 1992</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003198-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllitt2003198_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllitt2003">Allitt 2003</a>, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuthnow1988" class="citation book cs1">Wuthnow, Robert (1988). 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Studies in church and state. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-07759-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-07759-8"><bdi>978-0-691-07759-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Restructuring+of+American+Religion&rft.series=Studies+in+church+and+state&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-691-07759-8&rft.aulast=Wuthnow&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198355–57-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198355%E2%80%9357_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, pp. 55–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECelestini201837–38-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECelestini201837%E2%80%9338_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCelestini2018">Celestini 2018</a>, pp. 37–38. </li> <li id="cite_note-columbia-24"><a href="#cite_ref-columbia_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819194900/http://www.bartleby.com/65/e-/E-MoralMajo.html">"Moral Majority"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. 2004. 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Lynchburg: Liberty House Publishers. p. 395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781888684049" title="Special:BookSources/9781888684049"><bdi>9781888684049</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Falwell%3A+An+Autobiography%2C+The+Inside+Story&rft.place=Lynchburg&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=Liberty+House+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781888684049&rft.aulast=Falwell&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffalwellautobiogr00falw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFetner200858-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFetner200858_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFetner200858_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFetner2008">Fetner 2008</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-Banwart-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Banwart_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banwart_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banwart_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanwart2013" class="citation journal cs1">Banwart, Doug (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319071256/http://www.wiu.edu/cas/history/wihr/pdfs/Banwart-MoralMajorityVol5.pdf">"Jerry Falwell, the Rise of the Moral Majority, and the 1980 Election"</a> (PDF). Western Illinois Historical Review. 5: 133–157. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiu.edu/cas/history/wihr/pdfs/Banwart-MoralMajorityVol5.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 19, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Illinois+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Jerry+Falwell%2C+the+Rise+of+the+Moral+Majority%2C+and+the+1980+Election&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E157&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Banwart&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiu.edu%2Fcas%2Fhistory%2Fwihr%2Fpdfs%2FBanwart-MoralMajorityVol5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFetner200860-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFetner200860_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFetner2008">Fetner 2008</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198354-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198354_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198370-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198370_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198371-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198371_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox199686-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilcox199686_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilcox1996">Wilcox 1996</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198334-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198334_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRozellWilcox2003" class="citation book cs1">Rozell, Mark J.; Wilcox, Clyde (2003). "Virginia: Birthplace of the Christian Right". In Green, John C. (ed.). The Christian Right in American Politics. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Press" title="Georgetown University Press">Georgetown University Press</a>. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-393-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-393-6"><bdi>978-0-87840-393-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Virginia%3A+Birthplace+of+the+Christian+Right&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Right+in+American+Politics&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87840-393-6&rft.aulast=Rozell&rft.aufirst=Mark+J.&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+Clyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198337-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198337_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198336-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiebmanWuthnow198336_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983">Liebman & Wuthnow 1983</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2010" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Jimmy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whitehousediary00jimm">White House Diary</a>. 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Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-157-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-157-7"><bdi>978-1-56802-157-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Politics+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-56802-157-7&rft.aulast=Wald&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Election-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Election_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Election_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonTamney1985" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Stephen D.; Tamney, Joseph B. (1985). "The Christian Right and the 1984 Presidential Election". <a href="/wiki/Review_of_Religious_Research" title="Review of Religious Research">Review of Religious Research</a>. 27 (2). Religious Research Association, Inc., Springer: 124–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3511667">10.2307/3511667</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3511667">3511667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Religious+Research&rft.atitle=The+Christian+Right+and+the+1984+Presidential+Election&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3511667&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3511667%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Stephen+D.&rft.au=Tamney%2C+Joseph+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox1992xv-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilcox1992xv_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilcox1992">Wilcox 1992</a>, p. xv. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUtterTrue2004" class="citation book cs1">Utter, Glenn H.; True, James L. (2004). Conservative Christians and Political Participation – A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Clio" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Clio">ABC Clio</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-513-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-513-1"><bdi>978-1-85109-513-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservative+Christians+and+Political+Participation+%E2%80%93+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=ABC+Clio&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-513-1&rft.aulast=Utter&rft.aufirst=Glenn+H.&rft.au=True%2C+James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinsonGuth2003" class="citation book cs1">Vinson, C. Danielle; Guth, James L. (2003). "Advance and Retreat in the Palmetto State: Assessing the Christian Right in South Carolina". In Green, John C. (ed.). The Christian Right in American Politics. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Press" title="Georgetown University Press">Georgetown University Press</a>. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-393-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-393-6"><bdi>978-0-87840-393-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Advance+and+Retreat+in+the+Palmetto+State%3A+Assessing+the+Christian+Right+in+South+Carolina&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Right+in+American+Politics&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87840-393-6&rft.aulast=Vinson&rft.aufirst=C.+Danielle&rft.au=Guth%2C+James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1988" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Peter W. (1988). America's Religions. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. p. 482. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-02663-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-02663-2"><bdi>0-252-02663-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Religions&rft.pages=482&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-252-02663-2&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-48"><a href="#cite_ref-timeline_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070319004714/http://www.moralmajority.us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=29">"Moral Majority Timeline"</a>. Moral Majority Coalition. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moralmajority.us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=29">the original</a> on March 19, 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moral+Majority+Coalition&rft.atitle=Moral+Majority+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moralmajority.us%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D5%26Itemid%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-falwelldeath-49"><a href="#cite_ref-falwelldeath_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18679412">"Moral Majority founder Jerry Falwell dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. May 15, 2007. Retrieved September 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Moral+Majority+founder+Jerry+Falwell+dies&rft.date=2007-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna18679412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllitt2003" class="citation book cs1">Allitt, Patrick (2003). Religion in America Since 1945: A History. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12154-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12154-5"><bdi>978-0-231-12154-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+America+Since+1945%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12154-5&rft.aulast=Allitt&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCelestini2018" class="citation thesis cs1">Celestini, Carmen (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspacemainprd01.lib.uwaterloo.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/192dc041-80cc-465b-8e37-fa9ab7ebd44f/content">God, Country, and Christian Conservatives: The National Association of Manufacturers, the John Birch Society, and the Rise of the Christian Right</a> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a>. Retrieved September 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=God%2C+Country%2C+and+Christian+Conservatives%3A+The+National+Association+of+Manufacturers%2C+the+John+Birch+Society%2C+and+the+Rise+of+the+Christian+Right&rft.inst=University+of+Waterloo&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Celestini&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspacemainprd01.lib.uwaterloo.ca%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2Fbitstreams%2F192dc041-80cc-465b-8e37-fa9ab7ebd44f%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFetner2008" class="citation book cs1">Fetner, Tina (2008). How the Religious Right Shaped Lesbian and Gay Activism. Minneapolis: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4918-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4918-1"><bdi>978-0-8166-4918-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+Religious+Right+Shaped+Lesbian+and+Gay+Activism&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4918-1&rft.aulast=Fetner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiebmanWuthnow1983" class="citation book cs1">Liebman, Robert C.; Wuthnow, Robert (1983). The New Christian Right: mobilization and legitimation. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-202-30307-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-202-30307-9"><bdi>978-0-202-30307-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Christian+Right%3A+mobilization+and+legitimation&rft.place=Hawthorne%2C+NY&rft.pub=Aldine+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-202-30307-9&rft.aulast=Liebman&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.au=Wuthnow%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilcox1992" class="citation book cs1">Wilcox, Clyde (1992). God's Warriors. Baltimore: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4263-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4263-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-4263-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Warriors&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-4263-4&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilcox1996" class="citation book cs1">Wilcox, Clyde (1996). Onward Christian Soldiers?. Boulder: <a href="/wiki/Westview_Press" title="Westview Press">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-2696-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-2696-2"><bdi>978-0-8133-2696-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onward+Christian+Soldiers%3F&rft.place=Boulder&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-2696-2&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFager1982" class="citation news cs1">Fager, Chuck (April 20, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-04-20_11_16/mode/1up">"Clerical cynicism: Jerry Falwell's poor-mouthing from the pulpit"</a>. The Boston Phoenix. Retrieved August 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Phoenix&rft.atitle=Clerical+cynicism%3A+Jerry+Falwell%27s+poor-mouthing+from+the+pulpit&rft.date=1982-04-20&rft.aulast=Fager&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_boston-phoenix_1982-04-20_11_16%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+Majority" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&oldid=1270205985">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&oldid=1270205985</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_Majority&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 18 January 2025, at 12:04 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منظمة الأغلبية الأخلاقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة الأغلبية الأخلاقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moral Majority" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor%C3%ADa_Moral" title="Mayoría Moral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mayoría Moral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C" title="اکثریت اخلاقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکثریت اخلاقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moral Majority" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morala_Majoritato" title="Morala Majoritato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Morala Majoritato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moral Majority" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Moral Majority" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D9%87%DA%BB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="اخلاقي گهڻائي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اخلاقي گهڻائي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Морална већина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морална већина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraalinen_enemmist%C3%B6" title="Moraalinen enemmistö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moraalinen enemmistö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist 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