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Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī - Wikipedia

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</a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esatte_date_di_nascita_e_morte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esatte_date_di_nascita_e_morte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Esatte date di nascita e morte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esatte_date_di_nascita_e_morte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pseudonimo_come_scrittore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pseudonimo_come_scrittore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pseudonimo come scrittore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pseudonimo_come_scrittore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronomo_e_matematico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomo_e_matematico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Astronomo e matematico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomo_e_matematico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architettura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architettura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architettura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architettura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giurisprudenza_islamica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giurisprudenza_islamica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Giurisprudenza islamica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giurisprudenza_islamica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misticismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misticismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Misticismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misticismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Opere</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Opere</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Altre_opere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altre_opere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Altre opere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altre_opere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 20 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="الشيخ البهائي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشيخ البهائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89" title="الشيخ البهائى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الشيخ البهائى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeyx_B%C9%99hai" title="Şeyx Bəhai - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şeyx Bəhai" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Amili" title="Baha al-Din al-Amili - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baha al-Din al-Amili" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahauddin_Amili" title="Bahauddin Amili - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bahauddin Amili" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Amili" title="Baha al-Din al-Amili - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Baha al-Din al-Amili" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C4%81_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%C4%80mil%C4%AB" title="Bahā al-dīn al-Āmilī - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bahā al-dīn al-Āmilī" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شیخ بهایی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیخ بهایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheikh_Baha%C3%AF" title="Cheikh Bahaï - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cheikh Bahaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaed%C3%AEn_Amil%C3%AE" title="Behaedîn Amilî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Behaedîn Amilî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Шейх Бахаи - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шейх Бахаи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بہاء الدین عاملی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بہاء الدین عاملی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Баха-ад-дин аль-Амили - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баха-ад-дин аль-Амили" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ejh_Bahai" title="Šejh Bahai - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šejh Bahai" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ejh_Bahai" title="Šejh Bahai - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šejh Bahai" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Bahai" title="Sheikh Bahai - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sheikh Bahai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Баҳоуддини Омилӣ - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳоуддини Омилӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%C3%BCddin_Amil%C3%AE" title="Bahaüddin Amilî - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bahaüddin Amilî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Баха-ад-дин аль-Амілі - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Баха-ад-дин аль-Амілі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بہاء الدین عاملی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بہاء الدین عاملی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheykh-bahaey.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sheykh-bahaey.JPG/220px-Sheykh-bahaey.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sheykh-bahaey.JPG/330px-Sheykh-bahaey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sheykh-bahaey.JPG/440px-Sheykh-bahaey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Tomba di Shaykh Bahai</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī</b> noto come <b>Sheikh Baha'i</b>, (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">lingua farsi</a> شیخ بهایی) (<a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/18_febbraio" title="18 febbraio">18 febbraio</a> <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a> – <a href="/wiki/Esfahan" title="Esfahan">Esfahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1%C2%BA_settembre" title="1º settembre">1º settembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hash7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hash7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Filosofo" title="Filosofo">filosofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architetto" title="Architetto">architetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematico" title="Matematico">matematico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomo" title="Astronomo">astronomo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Poeta" title="Poeta">poeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabo</a> vissuto nella Persia <a href="/wiki/Safavidi" title="Safavidi">safavide</a><sup id="cite_ref-MeisamiStarkey1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeisamiStarkey1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koh_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shaykh Baha' al-Din (noto anche come Baha'uddin) Muhammad ibn Husayn al-'Amili nacque a Baalbek, nella <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria ottomana</a> (attuale <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a>), ma dopo la condanna a morte di al-Shahid al-Tani, nel 1558, mentore di suo padre, lui e la sua famiglia si trasferirono nell'<a href="/wiki/Safavidi" title="Safavidi">impero safavide</a>, prima a <a href="/wiki/Esfahan" title="Esfahan">Esfahan</a> e poi a <a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Qazvin" title="Provincia di Qazvin">Qazvin</a>, l'allora capitale persiana.<sup id="cite_ref-Koh_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In quel tempo, la Persia era governata da <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A0_Tahmasp_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Scià Tahmasp I">Scià Tahmasp I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Koh_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> il quale nominò suo padre <i><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_ul-Islam" title="Sheikh ul-Islam">Sheikh ul-Islam</a></i>, con autorità su diverse città safavidi, allo scopo di propagare tra la popolazione lo <a href="/wiki/Sciismo" title="Sciismo">sciismo</a> <a href="/wiki/Duodecimani" title="Duodecimani">duodecimano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koh_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaykh Bahāʾī completò i suoi studi a <a href="/wiki/Esfahan" title="Esfahan">Esfahan</a> e decise di fare il suo viaggio a <a href="/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca">La Mecca</a>, nel 1570, visitando diversi paesi islamici come <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a>, e dopo avervi trascorso quattro anni, fece ritorno in Persia. </p><p>Shaykh Baha' al-Din morì nel 1621 ad Esfahan ma venne sepolto a <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> secondo le sue volontà. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esatte_date_di_nascita_e_morte">Esatte date di nascita e morte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Esatte date di nascita e morte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Esatte date di nascita e morte"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le date esatte della sua nascita e morte sono diverse sulla sua pietra tombale e sulla ceramica delle pareti della stanza in cui è sepolto. </p><p><b>Data di nascita</b>: </p> <ul><li><i>Sulla ceramica delle pareti</i>: 27 febbraio 1547</li> <li><i>Sulla pietra tombale</i>: marzo 1546</li></ul> <p><b>Data di morte</b>: </p> <ul><li><i>Sulla ceramica delle pareti</i>: 30 agosto 1621</li> <li><i>Sulla pietra tombale</i>: agosto 1622</li></ul> <p>Le date sulle pareti contengono giorno, mese e anno, mentre quelle sulla tomba soltanto mese e anno. Le ceramiche delle pareti vennero realizzate nel 1945. Sembra che in quel momento sia stata effettuata una ricerca sulle date esatte e, quindi, venne aggiunte le informazioni sul giorno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pseudonimo_come_scrittore">Pseudonimo come scrittore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Pseudonimo come scrittore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Pseudonimo come scrittore"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo lo studioso <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%98Abdu%E2%80%99l-Ham%C3%ADd_Ishr%C3%A1q-Kh%C3%A1vari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari (la pagina non esiste)">‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari</a>, Shaykh Baha' al-Din adottò lo pseudonimo di <i>takhallus</i> 'Baha' dopo essere stato ispirato dalle parole del quinto imam <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a> e del sesto imam <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja&#39;far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a>, i quali affermarono che il nome di dio nel <a href="/wiki/Corano" title="Corano">Corano</a> era compreso sia nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du%27ay-i-Sahar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Du&#39;ay-i-Sahar (la pagina non esiste)">Du'ay-i-Sahar</a> che nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du%27ay-i-Umm-i-Davud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Du&#39;ay-i-Umm-i-Davud (la pagina non esiste)">Du'ay-i-Umm-i-Davud</a>. Nel primo versetto del <i>Du'ay-i-Sahar</i>, la preghiera dell'alba del <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, il nome "Bahá" appare quattro volte: "Allahumma inni as 'aluka min Bahá' ika bi Abháh va kulla Bahá' ika Bahí".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomo_e_matematico">Astronomo e matematico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Astronomo e matematico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Astronomo e matematico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il suo interesse per le scienze si evidenzia anche da alcuni dei suoi lavori e trattati, anche se molti dei suoi trattati astronomici devono ancora essere studiati.<sup id="cite_ref-Hash7_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hash7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Probabilmente scrisse 17 trattati e libri di astronomia e/o di argomenti correlati. Di seguito sono riportati alcuni suoi lavori di astronomia: </p> <ul><li><i>Risālah dar ḥall‐i ishkāl‐i ʿuṭārid wa qamar</i> (<i>Trattato sulla Luna e Mercurio</i>), nel tentativo di risolvere le incoerenze del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_geocentrico" title="Sistema geocentrico">sistema tolemaico</a> nel contesto dell'<a href="/wiki/Astronomia_islamica" title="Astronomia islamica">astronomia islamica</a>.</li> <li><i>Tashrīḥ al‐aflāk</i> (<i>Anatomia delle sfere celesti</i>), un compendio di astronomia teorica in cui afferma la visione che supporta la rotazione posizionale della Terra. Fu uno degli astronomi islamici a sostenere la fattibilità della rotazione terrestre nel XVI secolo, indipendentemente dalle influenze occidentali.<sup id="cite_ref-Hash7_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hash7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Kholasat al-Hesab</i> (<i>Summa di <a href="/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica">aritmetica</a></i>) tradotto in tedesco da <a href="/w/index.php?title=G._H._F._Nesselmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="G. H. F. Nesselmann (la pagina non esiste)">G. H. F. Nesselmann</a> e pubblicato agli inizi del 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architettura">Architettura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Architettura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Architettura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La fama di Shaykh Baha' al-Din era dovuta alla sua eccellente padronanza della matematica, dell'architettura e della geometria. Gli sono stati attribuiti diversi disegni architettonici e ingegneristici, nessuno dei quali può essere convalidato da fonti.<sup id="cite_ref-Hash7_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hash7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gli è anche attribuita la progettazione architettonica della città di <a href="/wiki/Esfahan" title="Esfahan">Esfahan</a> durante l'era safavide. Fu l'architetto della <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Naqsh-e_jah%C3%A0n" title="Piazza Naqsh-e jahàn">piazza Naqsh-e jahàn</a>, della <a href="/wiki/Moschea_dello_Sci%C3%A0" title="Moschea dello Scià">Moschea dello Scià</a> e di Hessar Najaf. Realizzò anche un orologio solare ad ovest della Moschea dello Scià. Non ci sono dubbi sulla sua padronanza della topografia. Il miglior esempio di ciò è il convogliamento dell'acqua del fiume <a href="/wiki/Zaiand%C3%A8" title="Zaiandè">Zaiandè</a> verso diverse aree di Esfahan. Progettò un canale, chiamato <i>Zarrin Kamar</i>, a Esfahan, uno dei più grandi canali dell'Iran. Determinò anche la direzione della <a href="/wiki/Ka%CA%BFba" title="Kaʿba">Kaʿba</a> (direzione della preghiera) dalla piazza Naghsh-e-Jahan. </p><p>Progettò e costruì una fornace per un bagno pubblico, che esiste ancora a Esfahan, noto come "il bagno dello sceicco Bahaei". Si dice che la fornace fosse riscaldata da una sola candela, posta in un recinto e che bruciava a lungo, riscaldando l'acqua del bagno. Si dice anche che secondo le sue stesse istruzioni, il fuoco della candela si sarebbe spento se il recinto fosse stato aperto. Si ritiene che ciò sia avvenuto durante il restauro e la riparazione dell'edificio e che non sia stato possibile far funzionare nuovamente il sistema. In effetti, lo sceicco Bahaei usò i gas infiammabili prodotti naturalmente in un pozzo nero vicino per riscaldare l'acqua del bagno. Nel 1969-70 è stato scavato il sistema di riscaldamento del bagno e sono state scoperte alcune serie di tubazioni sotterranee in argilla essiccata al sole. Anche se ci sono molte teorie sul funzionamento di questo sistema di riscaldamento, recentemente si è concluso che egli era a conoscenza del <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a> e che la rete doveva guidare i pozzi dei servizi igienici comuni alle case e alle moschee persiane. Si dice che abbia anche progettato il <a href="/wiki/Minareti_oscillanti" title="Minareti oscillanti">Manar Jonban</a> (minareto oscillante), che esiste ancora a Esfahan, ma questo edificio fu costruito nel <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">XIV secolo</a> durante il periodo <i>Il-khanid</i> sulla tomba di Amu Abdollah, un pio sceicco che morì in quel secolo. </p><p>Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supremo_consiglio_della_rivoluzione_culturale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Supremo consiglio della rivoluzione culturale (la pagina non esiste)">Supremo consiglio della rivoluzione culturale</a> in Iran ha designato il 23 aprile <i>giornata dell'architettura nazionale</i>, anniversario della nascita di Sheikh Bahaei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Giurisprudenza_islamica">Giurisprudenza islamica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Giurisprudenza islamica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Giurisprudenza islamica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nelle tradizioni duodecimane, Shaykh Bahai è considerato come studioso preminente del suo tempo e del <a href="/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid">mujaddid</a> del XVII secolo.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La sua erudizione gli fece guadagnare l'ammirazione di <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAbb%C4%81s_I_il_Grande" title="ʿAbbās I il Grande">Shah Abbas</a>, e venne nominato <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_ul-Islam" title="Sheikh ul-Islam">Sheikh ul-Islam</a> di Esfahan dopo la morte del suo predecessore.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Compose opere su <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">tafsir</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth" title="Ḥadīth">Ḥadīth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica">grammatica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a> (giurisprudenza).<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misticismo">Misticismo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Misticismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Misticismo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shaykh Baha' al-Din fu anche un ammiratore del <a href="/wiki/Mistica" title="Mistica">misticismo</a>. Aveva una spiccata inclinazione verso il <a href="/wiki/Sufismo" title="Sufismo">sufismo</a> per la quale fu criticato da Mohammad Baqer Majlesi.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Durante i suoi viaggi vestiva come un <a href="/wiki/Derviscio" title="Derviscio">derviscio</a><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e frequentava circoli sufi.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Appare anche nella catena degli ordini Sufi di Nurbakhshi e <a href="/wiki/Ni%27matullahiyya" title="Ni&#39;matullahiyya">Ni'matullahiyya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nell'opera "Resāla fi’l-waḥda al-wojūdīya" (Esposizione del concetto di <i>Wahdat al-Wujud</i> (unità delle esistenze), afferma che i sufi sono i veri credenti,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> chiede una valutazione imparziale delle loro espressioni,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e si riferisce alle sue esperienze mistiche.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La sua poesia persiana è anche piena di allusioni e simboli mistici.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Allo stesso tempo, Shaykh Baha 'al-Din chiede il rigoroso rispetto della <a href="/wiki/Shari%27a" title="Shari&#39;a">Shari'a</a> come prerequisito per imbarcarsi nel <a href="/wiki/Confraternite_islamiche" title="Confraternite islamiche">Tariqah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e non aveva una visione elevata del misticismo <a href="/wiki/Antinomismo" title="Antinomismo">antinomico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opere">Opere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Opere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Opere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuscript_by_Shaykh_Bahai.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Manuscript_by_Shaykh_Bahai.gif/220px-Manuscript_by_Shaykh_Bahai.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Manuscript_by_Shaykh_Bahai.gif/330px-Manuscript_by_Shaykh_Bahai.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Manuscript_by_Shaykh_Bahai.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Un manoscritto di Shaykh Bahai</figcaption></figure> <p>Shaykh Baha 'al-Din ha contribuito a numerose opere di filosofia, logica, astronomia e matematica. Le sue opere comprendono oltre 100 tra articoli, epistole e libri. Compose anche poesie in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">persiano</a>. Le sue opere eccezionali in lingua persiana sono <i>Jāmi'-i Abbāsī</i> e due <a href="/wiki/Masnavi_(poesia)" title="Masnavi (poesia)">masnavi</a> (distici in rima) con i nomi di <i>Shīr u Shakar</i> ("latte e zucchero") e <i>Nān u Halwā</i> ("pane e halva"). </p><p>Altre sue importanti opere sono <i>Kashkūl</i>, comprendente storie, notizie, informazioni scientifiche e proverbi in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">persiano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a>. </p><p>Scrisse anche <i>Khulāṣat al‐ḥisāb</i> (in arabo خلاصة الحساب, letteralmente "nozioni di aritmetica essenziale"), un testo in arabo che divenne popolare in tutto il mondo islamico, dall'Egitto all'<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, fino al <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a>. È stato tradotto in tedesco a Berlino da G. H. F. Nesselmann e pubblicato nel 1843. Una edizione in francese apparve nel tardo 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-Hash7_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hash7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Altre_opere">Altre opere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altre opere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altre opere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Kashkūl</i> (in persiano) (<span dir="rtl" lang="fa">کشکول</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Tūtī-Nāmah</i> (in persiano) (<span dir="rtl" lang="fa">طوطی نامه</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Nān u Panīr</i> (in persiano) (<span dir="rtl" lang="fa">نان و پنیر</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Shīr u Shakar</i> (in persiano) (<span dir="rtl" lang="fa">شیر و شکر</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Nān u Halwā</i> (in persiano) (<span dir="rtl" lang="fa">نان و حلوا</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Jāmi'-i Abbāsī</i> (in persiano) (<span dir="rtl" lang="fa"> جامع عباسی</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Tashrīḥ Al-Aflāk</i> (in arabo) (<span dir="rtl" lang="ar">تشريح الأفلاك</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Al-fawayid as-Samadiah</i> (in arabo)</li> <li><i>Mashriq al-Shamsayn wa Iksīr al-Sa'adatayn</i> (in arabo) (<span dir="rtl" lang="ar">مشرق الشمسين وإكسير السعادتين</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Al-Athnā' Ash'ariyyah</i> (in arabo) (<span dir="rtl" lang="ar">الأثناء عشرية</span>&#8206;)</li> <li><i>Zubdat al-Usūl</i> (in arabo) (<span dir="rtl" lang="ar">زبدة الأصول</span>&#8206;)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hash7-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hash7_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hash7_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hash7_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hash7_1-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Hash7_1-4">e</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFHashemipour">Hashemipour</a>,&#160;2007</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeisamiStarkey1998-2"><a href="#cite_ref-MeisamiStarkey1998_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sx1bqgibKhQC&amp;pg=PA85"><span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature</span></a>.</cite></i>. Taylor &amp; Francis; 1998. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-415-18571-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-415-18571-4">ISBN&#160;978-0-415-18571-4</a>. p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koh-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Koh_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Koh_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Koh_3-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Koh_3-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFKohlberg,_1988">Kohlberg, 1988</a>,&#160;pp. 429-430</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Dhikru'llah Khadem, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachingandprojects.com/meansandmaterials.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bahá'u'lláh and His Most Holy Shrine</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Bahá'í News</span>, vol.&#160;540, marzo 1976, pp.&#160;4-5.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-7">h</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-8">i</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-9">j</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-10">k</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-11">l</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-12">m</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_5-13">n</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>, <i><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-al-din-ameli-shaikh-mohammad-b"><span style="font-style:italic;">BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿĀMELĪ, SHAIKH MOḤAMMAD B. ḤOSAYN BAHĀʾĪ</span></a>.</cite></i> by E. Kohlberg.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> E. Kohlberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-al-din-ameli-shaikh-mohammad-b"><span style="font-style:italic;">BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿĀMELĪ</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 4</span>, 2009, pp.&#160;429-430.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Behnaz Hashemipour, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Amili_BEA.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">ʿĀmilī: Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī</span></a>, in Thomas Hockey (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers</span>, New York, Springer, 2007, pp.&#160;42-3, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-387-31022-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-387-31022-0">978-0-387-31022-0</a>.</cite> (<cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Amili_BEA.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">PDF version</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>).</cite>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Muhammad Baha&#39; al-Din al-&#39;Amili"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhammad_Baha%27_al-Din_al-%27Amili?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhammad_Baha%27_al-Din_al-%27Amili?uselang=it">Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%81%CA%BE_al-d%C4%ABn_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mil%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) John J. 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