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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3" title="Hidró – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidró" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vod%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_kation" title="Vodíkový kation – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vodíkový kation" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydron" title="Hydron – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hydron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_(Chemie)" title="Proton (Chemie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Proton (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3n" title="Hidrón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidrón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیدرون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدرون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydron" title="Hydron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%A0" title="히드론 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히드론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रॉन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्रॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidron_(kimia)" title="Hidron (kimia) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidron (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrone" title="Idrone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הידרון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הידרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidron_(kimia)" title="Hidron (kimia) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidron (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstofion" title="Waterstofion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterstofion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ヒドロン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒドロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydron" title="Hydron – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hydron" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_wodorowy" title="Jon wodorowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jon wodorowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADdron" title="Hídron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hídron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidron" title="Hidron – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гидрон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydron" title="Hydron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydr%C3%B3n" title="Hydrón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydrón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidron_(hemija)" title="Hidron (hemija) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hidron (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidron_(hemija)" title="Hidron (hemija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hidron (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of atomic hydrogen</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Hydron </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydron.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hydron.svg/100px-Hydron.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hydron.svg/150px-Hydron.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hydron.svg/200px-Hydron.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature#Systematic_name" title="Chemical nomenclature">Systematic IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Hydron<sup id="cite_ref-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (substitutive)<br /> Hydrogen(1+)<sup id="cite_ref-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (additive)</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12408-02-5">12408-02-5</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BH%2B%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=15378">CHEBI:15378</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.1010.html">1010</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=2346">2346</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00080">C00080</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1038">1038</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/5046UKT60S">5046UKT60S</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID50924722">DTXSID50924722</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506710#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/p+1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[H+]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100699999999999♠"></span>1.007</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy" title="Standard molar entropy">Std molar<br />entropy</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(<i>S</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div> </td> <td>108.95 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, the <b>hydron</b>, informally called <b>proton</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-iupac1988proton_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac1988proton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Cationic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cationic">cationic</a> form of atomic <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, represented with the symbol <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>. The general term "hydron", endorsed by <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>, encompasses cations of hydrogen regardless of isotope: thus it refers collectively to protons (<sup>1</sup>H<sup>+</sup>) for the protium isotope, <a href="/wiki/Deuteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteron">deuterons</a> (<sup>2</sup>H<sup>+</sup> or D<sup>+</sup>) for the <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> isotope, and tritons (<sup>3</sup>H<sup>+</sup> or T<sup>+</sup>) for the <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> isotope. </p><p>Unlike most other ions, the hydron consists only of a bare <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nucleus</a>. The negatively charged counterpart of the hydron is the <a href="/wiki/Hydride" title="Hydride">hydride</a> anion, <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solute_properties">Solute properties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Solute properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other things being equal, compounds that readily donate hydrons (Brønsted acids, see below) are generally polar, <a href="/wiki/Hydrophile" title="Hydrophile">hydrophilic</a> solutes and are often soluble in solvents with high <a href="/wiki/Relative_static_permittivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative static permittivity">relative static permittivity</a> (dielectric constants). Examples include organic acids like <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH) or <a href="/wiki/Methanesulfonic_acid" title="Methanesulfonic acid">methanesulfonic acid</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H). However, large nonpolar portions of the molecule may attenuate these properties. Thus, as a result of its alkyl chain, <a href="/wiki/Octanoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Octanoic acid">octanoic acid</a> (C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>15</sub>COOH) is considerably less hydrophilic compared to acetic acid. </p><p>The unsolvated hydron (a completely free or "naked" hydrogen atomic nucleus) does not exist in the condensed (liquid or solid) phase. As the surface <a href="/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field">Electric field</a> strength is inverse to the radius, a tiny nucleus interacts thousands times stronger with nearby electrons than any partly <a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionized</a> atom. </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Superacid" title="Superacid">superacids</a> are sometimes said to owe their extraordinary hydron-donating power to the presence of "free hydrons", such a statement is misleading: even for a source of "free hydrons" like <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>F<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>, one of the superacidic cations present in the superacid <a href="/wiki/Fluoroantimonic_acid" title="Fluoroantimonic acid">fluoroantimonic acid</a> (HF:SbF<sub>5</sub>), detachment of a free <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> still comes at an enormous energetic penalty on the order of several hundred kcal/mol. This effectively rules out the possibility of the free hydron being present in solution. For this reason, in liquid strong acids, hydrons are believed to <a href="/wiki/Diffuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffuse">diffuse</a> by sequential transfer from one molecule to the next along a network of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bond" title="Hydrogen bond">hydrogen bonds</a> through what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Grotthuss_mechanism" title="Grotthuss mechanism">Grotthuss mechanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acidity">Acidity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Acidity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hydron ion can incorporate an electron pair from a Lewis base into the molecule by adduction: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">[H]<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> + :L → <span class="chemf nowrap">[HL]<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span></dd></dl> <p>Because of this capture of the Lewis base (L), the hydron ion has Lewis acidic character. In terms of <a href="/wiki/HSAB_theory" title="HSAB theory">Hard/Soft Acid Base (HSAB) theory</a>, the bare hydron is an infinitely hard Lewis acid. </p><p>The hydron plays a central role in <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsted%E2%80%93Lowry_acid%E2%80%93base_theory" title="Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory">Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory</a>: a species that behaves as a hydron donor in a reaction is known as the Brønsted acid, while the species accepting the hydron is known as the Brønsted base. In the generic acid–base reaction shown below, HA is the acid, while B (shown with a lone pair) is the base: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">HA</span> + :B → <span class="chemf nowrap">[HB]<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> + :A<sup>–</sup></dd></dl> <p>The hydrated form of the hydrogen cation, the <a href="/wiki/Hydronium" title="Hydronium">hydronium</a> (hydroxonium) ion <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span><small>(aq)</small>, is a key object of <a href="/wiki/Acid#Definitions_and_concepts" title="Acid">Arrhenius' definition of acid</a>. Other hydrated forms, the <a href="/wiki/Zundel_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zundel cation">Zundel cation</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">5</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>, which is formed from a proton and two water molecules, and the <a href="/wiki/Eigen_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigen cation">Eigen cation</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">9</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>, which is formed from a hydronium ion and three water molecules, are theorized to play an important role in the diffusion of protons though an <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</a> according to the Grotthuss mechanism. Although the ion <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span><small>(aq)</small> is often shown in introductory textbooks to emphasize that the hydron is never present as an unsolvated species in aqueous solution, it is somewhat misleading, as it oversimplifies infamously complex speciation of the solvated proton in water; the notation <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span><small>(aq)</small> is often preferred, since it conveys aqueous solvation while remaining noncommittal with respect to the number of water molecules involved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopes_of_hydron">Isotopes of hydron</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Isotopes of hydron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a>, having the symbol p or <sup>1</sup>H<sup>+</sup>, is the +1 ion of <a href="/wiki/Protium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protium">protium</a>, <sup>1</sup>H.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteron">Deuteron</a>, having the symbol <sup>2</sup>H<sup>+</sup> or D<sup>+</sup>, is the +1 ion of <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>, <sup>2</sup>H or D.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triton (physics)">Triton</a>, having the symbol <sup>3</sup>H<sup>+</sup> or T<sup>+</sup>, is the +1 ion of <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a>, <sup>3</sup>H or T.</li></ol> <p>Other <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">isotopes of hydrogen</a> are too unstable to be relevant in chemistry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_term">History of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "hydron" is recommended by <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> to be used instead of "proton" if no distinction is made between the isotopes proton, deuteron and triton, all found in naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a> mixtures. The name "proton" refers to <a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">isotopically pure</a> <sup>1</sup>H<sup>+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, calling the hydron simply <i>hydrogen ion</i> is not recommended because <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_anion" title="Hydrogen anion">hydrogen anions</a> also exist.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "hydron" was defined by <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the term "proton" was<sup id="cite_ref-iupac1988proton_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac1988proton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> used in place of "hydron". The latter term is generally only used in the context where comparisons between the various isotopes of hydrogen is important (as in the <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_isotope_effect" title="Kinetic isotope effect">kinetic isotope effect</a> or hydrogen <a href="/wiki/Isotopic_labeling" title="Isotopic labeling">isotopic labeling</a>). Otherwise, referring to hydrons as protons is still considered acceptable, for example in such terms as <a href="/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation">protonation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deprotonation" title="Deprotonation">deprotonation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proton_pump" title="Proton pump">proton pump</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_proton_channel" title="Voltage-gated proton channel">proton channel</a>. The transfer of <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> in an acid-base reaction is usually referred to as <i>proton</i> transfer. Acid and bases are referred to as <i>proton</i> donors and acceptors correspondingly. </p><p>99.9844% of natural hydrons (hydrogen nuclei) are protons, and the remainder (about 156 per million in sea water) are deuterons (see <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>), except for some very rare natural tritons (see <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deprotonation" title="Deprotonation">Deprotonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrogen_cation" title="Dihydrogen cation">Dihydrogen cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_ion_cluster" title="Hydrogen ion cluster">Hydrogen ion cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvated_electron" title="Solvated electron">Solvated electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superacid" title="Superacid">Superacid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydron_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hydron_(CHEBI:15378)_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=15378">"hydron (CHEBI:15378)"</a>. <i>Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI)</i>. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Entities+of+Biological+Interest+%28ChEBI%29&rft.atitle=hydron+%28CHEBI%3A15378%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fchebi%2FsearchId.do%3FchebiId%3D15378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydron+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iupac1988proton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iupac1988proton_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iupac1988proton_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnetJones,_R.A.Y.1968" class="citation journal cs1">Bunnet, J.F.; Jones, R.A.Y. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6007x1115.pdf">"Names for hydrogen atoms, ions, and groups, and for reactions involving them (Recommendations 1988)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_Appl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Appl. Chem.">Pure Appl. Chem.</a></i> <b>60</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1115–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac198860071115">10.1351/pac198860071115</a>. <q>[T]he word <u>proton</u> is used not only for the <sup>1</sup>H<sup>+</sup> ion but commonly, and incorrectly, for H<sup>+</sup> in natural abundance. In many contexts this creates no ambiguity and it is likely that this usage will continue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Names+for+hydrogen+atoms%2C+ions%2C+and+groups%2C+and+for+reactions+involving+them+%28Recommendations+1988%29&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1115-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac198860071115&rft.aulast=Bunnet&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft.au=Jones%2C+R.A.Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F1988%2Fpdf%2F6007x1115.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydron+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.psc.edu/science/klein2000.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927182702/http://www.psc.edu/science/klein2000.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Computer modeling of proton-hopping in superacids.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry-IUPAC Recommendations 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Red_Book_2005.pdf">[2]</a> IR-3.3.2, p.48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Compendium of Chemical Terminology</i>, 2nd edition McNaught, A.D. and Wilkinson, A. Blackwell Science, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86542-684-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86542-684-8">0-86542-684-8</a>, also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/compendium/index.html">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051212164525/http://www.iupac.org/publications/compendium/index.html">Archived</a> 2005-12-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_books#Gold_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC books">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i>, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/H02904.html">hydron</a>". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.H02904">10.1351/goldbook.H02904</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnetJones,_R.A.Y.1988" class="citation journal cs1">Bunnet, J.F.; Jones, R.A.Y. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6007x1115.pdf">"Names for hydrogen atoms, ions, and groups, and for reactions involving them (Recommendations 1988)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_Appl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Appl. Chem.">Pure Appl. Chem.</a></i> <b>60</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1115–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac198860071115">10.1351/pac198860071115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Names+for+hydrogen+atoms%2C+ions%2C+and+groups%2C+and+for+reactions+involving+them+%28Recommendations+1988%29&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1115-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac198860071115&rft.aulast=Bunnet&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft.au=Jones%2C+R.A.Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F1988%2Fpdf%2F6007x1115.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydron+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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