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Sebastian Castelier - AL-Monitor: The Middle East始s leading independent news source since 2012
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class="card__name"> <h2 class="heading h6"> <a href="" title="Sebastian Castelier">Sebastian Castelier</a> </h2> </div> <div class="card__body"> In <strong>Dubai</strong>, reporting on <strong>regional business</strong> </div> </div> </span> </div> <div class="text-long"><p>Sebastian Castelier is a journalist who focuses on the Gulf. He contributes to several Middle Eastern and international media outlets. 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2019." /> </div> </div> <div class="card__heading"> <h2 class="heading"> <a class="heading__link" href="/originals/2024/05/gulf-consolidates-stature-sovereign-wealth-hub-lags-capita-holdings" > Gulf consolidates stature as sovereign wealth hub, lags on per capita holdings </a> </h2> </div> <div class="card__meta"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors__avatar"> <a class="link" href="/authors/sebastian-castelier.html" > <picture class="image" > <img class="image" src="https://www.al-monitor.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/authors/2019/SebastianCastelier.jpg/SebastianCastelier.jpg?h=f0d95172&itok=93zGNj3j" alt="Sebastian Castelier" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="authors__name"> <a class="link" href="/authors/sebastian-castelier.html" > <div class="name"> <span class="subtitle--l">Sebastian Castelier</span> </div> <div class="tagline body--s">In <strong>Dubai</strong>, reporting on <strong>regional business</strong></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> 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