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href="#The_tragic_poets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The tragic poets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_tragic_poets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_to_the_myth_of_Phaethon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_to_the_myth_of_Phaethon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>References to the myth of Phaethon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_to_the_myth_of_Phaethon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plato's_Timaeus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plato's_Timaeus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Plato's <i>Timaeus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plato's_Timaeus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaphaetus'_On_Unbelievable_Tales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaphaetus'_On_Unbelievable_Tales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Palaphaetus' <i>On Unbelievable Tales</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaphaetus'_On_Unbelievable_Tales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollonius_Rhodius'_Argonautica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollonius_Rhodius'_Argonautica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Apollonius Rhodius' <i>Argonautica</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollonius_Rhodius'_Argonautica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diodorus_Siculus'_Historic_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diodorus_Siculus'_Historic_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Diodorus Siculus' <i>Historic Library</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diodorus_Siculus'_Historic_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ovid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_late_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_late_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Other late authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_late_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phaethon_as_a_legitimate_offspring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phaethon_as_a_legitimate_offspring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Phaethon as a legitimate offspring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phaethon_as_a_legitimate_offspring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mourning_for_Phaethon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mourning_for_Phaethon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Mourning for Phaethon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mourning_for_Phaethon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_mournful_sisters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_mournful_sisters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>The mournful sisters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_mournful_sisters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_mournful_lover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_mournful_lover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>The mournful lover</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_mournful_lover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Artistic evidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Connections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-classical_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-classical_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Post-classical works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-classical_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shared name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Roman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaethon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8B%E1%8B%AD%E1%8C%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ፋይጦን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፋይጦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%86" title="فايثون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فايثون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фаетон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фаетон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faethon" title="Faethon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Faethon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetont" title="Faetont – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Faetont" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фаэтон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фаэтон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeth%C3%B3n" title="Faethón – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Faethón" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeton" title="Faeton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Faeton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaethon_(Mythologie)" title="Phaethon (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phaethon (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Φαέθων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαέθων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faet%C3%B3n" title="Faetón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Faetón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetono" title="Faetono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Faetono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فایتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فایتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%C3%A9ton" title="Phaéton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phaéton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetonte" title="Faetonte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Faetonte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%97%90%ED%86%A4" title="파에톤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파에톤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆայետոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆայետոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeton" title="Faeton – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Faeton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Phaethon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetonte" title="Fetonte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fetonte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פאתון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფაეტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფაეტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фаэтон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фаэтон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%C3%ABthon" title="Phaëthon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phaëthon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetonas" title="Faetonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Faetonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeth%C3%B3n_(mitol%C3%B3gia)" title="Phaethón (mitológia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Phaethón (mitológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဖေသွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖေသွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_(mythologie)" title="Phaëton (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Phaëton (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="パエトーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パエトーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeton" title="Faeton – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Faeton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeton_(syn_Heliosa)" title="Faeton (syn Heliosa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Faeton (syn Heliosa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetonte" title="Faetonte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Faetonte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeton" title="Faeton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Faeton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Фаэтон (мифология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фаэтон (мифология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Phaethon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeth%C3%B3n_(mytol%C3%B3gia)" title="Faethón (mytológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Faethón (mytológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetont_(mitologija)" title="Faetont (mitologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Faetont (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фајетон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фајетон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetont" title="Faetont – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Faetont" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faethon" title="Faethon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Faethon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Son of Helios in Greek mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the son of Helios. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Phaeton (disambiguation)">Phaeton</a>. For the asteroid, see <a href="/wiki/3200_Phaethon" title="3200 Phaethon">3200 Phaethon</a>. For another mythical figure of this name, see <a href="/wiki/Phaethon_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethon of Syria">Phaethon of Syria</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #CEF2E0;">Phaethon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble,_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris,_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble%2C_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris%2C_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/220px-The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble%2C_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris%2C_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble%2C_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris%2C_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/330px-The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble%2C_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris%2C_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble%2C_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris%2C_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/440px-The_Fall_of_Phaeton_Statue._Marble%2C_circa_1700-1711_CE._By_Dominique_Lefevre._From_Paris%2C_France._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4817" data-file-height="3519" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Fall of Phaeton Statue. Marble, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1700–1711</span> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Lef%C3%A8vre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Lefèvre (page does not exist)">Dominique Lefèvre</a>, from Paris, France, now at <a href="/wiki/The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Victoria and Albert Museum">The Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, London</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data">The <a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_of_Liguria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycnus of Liguria">Cycnus</a> (lover)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Phaethon</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Φαέθων</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Phaéthōn</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'shiner', <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[pʰa.é.tʰɔːn]</a></span>), also spelled <b>Phaëthon</b>, is the son of the <a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanid</a> <a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">sun god</a> <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>. </p><p>According to most authors, Phaethon is the son of Helios who, out of a desire to have his parentage confirmed, travels to the sun god's palace in the east. He is recognised by his father and asks for the privilege of driving his chariot for a single day. Despite Helios' fervent warnings and attempts to dissuade him, counting the numerous dangers he would face in his celestial journey and reminding Phaethon that only he can control the horses, the boy is not dissuaded and does not change his mind. He is then allowed to take the chariot's reins; his ride is disastrous, as he cannot keep a firm grip on the horses. As a result, he drives the chariot too close to the Earth, burning it, and too far from it, freezing it. </p><p>In the end, after many complaints, from the stars in the sky to the Earth itself, <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> strikes Phaethon with one of his lightning bolts, killing him instantly. His dead body falls into the river <a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanus</a>, and his sisters, the <a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a>, cry tears of amber and are turned to <a href="/wiki/Black_poplar" class="mw-redirect" title="Black poplar">black poplar</a> as they mourn him. </p><p>Phaethon's tale was commonly used to explain why uninhabitable lands on both sides of extremity (such as hot <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a> and frozen wastelands) exist, and why certain peoples have darker complexions, while his sisters' amber tears accounted for the river's rich deposits of <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Φαέθων</span> means "radiant", from the verb <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φαέθω</span></span>, meaning "to shine."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, his name could be understood as, "the shining/radiant (one)" Ultimately the word derives from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φάος</span></span>, <i>phaos</i>, the Greek word for light, from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root <i>*bheh<sub>2</sub>-</i>, 'to shine.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeekes20091:1551–52_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeekes20091:1551–52-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg/220px-Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg/330px-Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg/440px-Apollo_and_Phaethon_LACMA_M.86.257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><i>Apollo and Phaëthon</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Giovanni Battista Tiepolo</a>, c. 1731</figcaption></figure> <p>Details vary across different versions, but most have Phaethon travel far east to meet his father, sometimes in order to get him to assure his paternity. There, he asks Helios for permission to drive his father's Sun-chariot for a single day. Despite Helios' protests and advice against, Phaethon does not back down from his initial wish, and thus Helios reluctantly allows him to drive his chariot. Placed in charge of the chariot, Phaethon was unable to control the horses. In some versions, the Earth first froze when the horses climbed too high, but when the chariot then scorched the Earth by swinging too near, Zeus decided to prevent disaster by striking it down with a thunderbolt. Phaethon fell to Earth and was killed in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phaethon was said to be the son of Clymene the Oceanid and Helios, god of the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, less common genealogies make him a son of <a href="/wiki/Clymenus" title="Clymenus">Clymenus</a> by a different Oceanid, Merope,<sup id="cite_ref-hyg-154_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Helios and <a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a> and thus a full brother of the <a href="/wiki/Heliadae" title="Heliadae">Heliadae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hom-sch-17_208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or of Helios and Prote.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/Scholion" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholion">scholion</a> on the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, Phaethon's mother Clymene was not an Oceanid, but rather a mortal woman, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Minyas_(mythology)" title="Minyas (mythology)">Minyas</a>, who married Helios.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homer_and_Hesiod">Homer and Hesiod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Homer and Hesiod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg/289px-Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg" decoding="async" width="289" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg/434px-Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg/578px-Jacob_Jordaens_-_Cancer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption><i>The fall of Phaeton</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens" title="Jacob Jordaens">Jacob Jordaens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Helios himself is present in their works, for the two earliest ancient Greek authors, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, the chariot and the four horses that pull Helios each morning do not seem to exist at all; the oldest work in which they appear being the <i><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither seems to know Phaethon as an individual, as "Phaethon", meaning "the radiant" seems to be exclusively an epithet used for Helios by them. The only Phaethon Hesiod seems to recognize is the <a href="/wiki/Phaethon_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethon of Syria">son</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a>, Helios' sister and the <a href="/wiki/Dawn_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn deity">goddess of the dawn</a>, whom she had by her lover <a href="/wiki/Cephalus_(son_of_Hermes)" title="Cephalus (son of Hermes)">Cephalus</a>, an Athenian prince.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The late Roman author <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a> however attributes a version of the story to Hesiod. According to Hyginus, Hesiod wrote that Phaethon was the son of <a href="/wiki/Merope_(mythology)" title="Merope (mythology)">Merope</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Oceanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanid">Oceanid</a>, and Clymenus, a son of Helios by an unnamed woman or goddess. Phaethon, upon learning that his grandfather is the Sun, put his chariot to bad use, and scorched the Earth, turning the Indians black in the process. He was struck by a thunderbolt, and fell dead on the river Eridanus.<sup id="cite_ref-hyg-154_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the firmest believers of Hyginus find the attribution of the tale to Hesiod hard to accept.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fragment from Hesiod very possibly connects Eridanus to amber.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is uncertain, but possible, that the fragment also connected Eridanus and amber to the tears of the Heliades; what is certain however is that Hesiod was not connecting Eridanus, amber and perhaps the Heliades, to the myth of Phaethon.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_tragic_poets">The tragic poets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The tragic poets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 40%; margin-left: 1em;; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.2;"> <caption style="font-size: 120%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Ancient written sources for Phaethon </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Author </th> <th>Work </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>? </td> <td>Unknown (lost) </td> <td>7th century BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> </td> <td><i>Heliades</i> (lost) </td> <td>late 500s-mid 400s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philoxenus_of_Cythera" title="Philoxenus of Cythera">Philoxenus of Cythera</a> </td> <td>Unknown (lost) </td> <td>5th to 4th century BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phaethon_(play)" title="Phaethon (play)">Phaethon</a></i> (fragmentary), <i><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(play)" title="Hippolytus (play)">Hippolytus</a></i> </td> <td>ca 420s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Theodorides </td> <td><i>Phaethon</i> (lost) </td> <td>363 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Timaeus_(dialogue)" title="Timaeus (dialogue)">Timaeus</a></i> </td> <td>360 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palaephatus" title="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</a> </td> <td><i>On Unbelievable Tales</i> </td> <td>late 300s BC? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Rhodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonius Rhodius">Apollonius Rhodius</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> </td> <td>200s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicander_of_Colophon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicander of Colophon">Nicander</a> </td> <td>Unknown (<i>Heteroeumena</i>?) (lost) </td> <td>100s BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Satyrus_the_Peripatetic" title="Satyrus the Peripatetic">Satyrus the Peripatetic</a> </td> <td>Unknown (lost) </td> <td>180-146 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Bibliotheca historica</a></i> </td> <td>60-30 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/De_Natura_Deorum" title="De Natura Deorum">De Natura Deorum</a></i> </td> <td>45 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> </td> <td>19 BC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> </td> <td>8 AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(Seneca)" title="Medea (Seneca)">Medea</a></i> </td> <td>c. 50 AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> </td> <td>77 AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Flaccus_(poet)" title="Valerius Flaccus (poet)">Valerius Flaccus</a> </td> <td><i>Argonautica</i> </td> <td>c.79 AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Latin_poem)" title="Thebaid (Latin poem)">Thebaid</a></i> </td> <td>80-90 AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_of_the_Gods" title="Dialogues of the Gods">Dialogues of the Gods</a></i>; <i>Amber, Or The Swans</i> </td> <td>100s AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> </td> <td><i>Description of Greece</i> </td> <td>150-180 AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a> </td> <td><i>Fabulae</i>, <i>Astronomica</i> </td> <td>100s AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> </td> <td><i>Commentary on <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> </td> <td>ca 300s AD-400s AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i> </td> <td>Late 300s AD? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i> </td> <td>400s AD </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:gray"> [anonymous author] </span> </td> <td>Scholia on the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> </td> <td>5th century BC to 9th century? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Mythographers" title="Vatican Mythographers">First and Second Vatican Mythographers</a> </td> <td>Mythography </td> <td>9th–11th century? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">John Tzetzes</a> </td> <td><i>Chiliades</i> </td> <td>12th century </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A now-lost tragedy by <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, titled <i>Heliades</i> ("daughters of the Sun") was written covering the subject of this myth. Very little of this play survives now, and the form of the myth as assumed by Aeschylus is impossible to know.<sup id="cite_ref-loeb_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loeb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would seem that in Aeschylus' play, the sisters played a significant role; two of the surviving fragments (F 71 and F 72) focus on grief, mourning, and lamentation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshallMarshall2020[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_QvBDwAAQBAJpgPA111_111]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshallMarshall2020[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_QvBDwAAQBAJpgPA111_111]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He seems to have transferred the location of Phaethon's fall in <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a>, west of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-loeb_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loeb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' version of the story, the now lost tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/Phaethon_(play)" title="Phaethon (play)">Phaethon</a></i>, while similarly fragmentary, is much better preserved, with twelve fragments surviving covering some 400 lines of text. According to the summary of the play, Phaethon is the son of Helios by an Oceanid named <a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene</a>, who nonetheless hid the boy's true parentage and claimed he had been fathered by her nominal husband <a href="/wiki/Merops_(mythology)" title="Merops (mythology)">Merops</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a> (Merops and Clymene are an interesting swap of the names in Hyginus' Hesiodic version, Merope and Clymenus).<sup id="cite_ref-dig7_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dig7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g3233_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g3233-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main conflict of the play is the upcoming marriage of an unwilling Phaethon. </p><p>The identity of the bride seems to be this fragmentary play's greatest mystery. Euripides seems to have made <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> the bride of the unfortunate youth; if that is the case, then it would seem that Euripides combined the stories of two Phaethons, that of the son of Helios who drove his father's car and died, and that of <a href="/wiki/Phaethon_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethon of Syria">Phaethon</a> the son of Helios' sister <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a> whom Aphrodite abducted to be a watchman of her shrines, and whom late antiquity writers described as a lover of the goddess, as suggested by <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_Wilamowitz-Moellendorff" title="Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff">Wilamowitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another explanation on how Phaethon could possibly be marrying the goddess of beauty is that Aphrodite had planned Phaethon's destruction from the very beginning, as revenge against his father for revealing to <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a>, her husband, the goddess' affair with <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a>, the god of war.<sup id="cite_ref-g3233_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g3233-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Weil" title="Henri Weil">Henri Weil</a> suggested that Phaethon is to marry one of the <a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Diggle" title="James Diggle">James Diggle</a>, while deeming this suggestion unprovable, is convinced of it being the case.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clymene reveals her son his true parentage, perhaps to help him overcome his reluctance to get married. Although doubtful at first, his mother's words convince him and agrees to travel east to find his divine father and have his parentage confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What happens next is that someone, perhaps a <i><a href="/wiki/Paedagogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paedagogi">paedagogus</a></i>, arrives in the scene to inform the audience of Phaethon's disastrous ride. According to his account, Helios actually escorted his son on his doomed journey, riding on a horse named Sirius next to him and shouting instructions and advice on how to drive the car, an element not found in subsequent treatments of the myth.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>"This said, his son undaunted snatched the reins,<br /> Then smote the winged coursers’ sides: they bound<br /> Forth on the void and cavernous vault of air.<br /> His father mounts another steed, and rides<br /> With warning voice guiding his son. ‘Drive there! Turn, turn thy car this way." </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Phaethon_(play)" title="Phaethon (play)">Phaethon</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.349.xml?readMode=verso">frag 779</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Surviving fragments do not clearly paint <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> as the culprit of Phaethon's death; but next Clymene orders slave girls to hide Phaethon's smoking body from Merops (who is still unaware both of Phaethon's true parentage as well as his fiery death), pointing to Zeus having indeed played a role in the boy's death.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Merops discovers his son's charred corpse, and the truth, a bit later. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GustaveMoreau04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/GustaveMoreau04.jpg/250px-GustaveMoreau04.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/GustaveMoreau04.jpg/330px-GustaveMoreau04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/GustaveMoreau04.jpg/500px-GustaveMoreau04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption><i>Phaethon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Moreau" title="Gustave Moreau">Gustave Moreau</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The only other tragedy about the myth is Theodorides' now lost <i>Phaethon</i>, performed in 363 BC at the <a href="/wiki/Lenaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenaea">Lenaea</a> festival, nothing of which survives to us.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aris-Philips-1995_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aris-Philips-1995-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_to_the_myth_of_Phaethon">References to the myth of Phaethon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References to the myth of Phaethon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Aeschylus being the earliest (as far as it can be determined) that Phaethon's story would have been known, the next mention possibly came from a lost work of <a href="/wiki/Philoxenus_of_Cythera" title="Philoxenus of Cythera">Philoxenus of Cythera</a> (435~434 – 380~379 BC), a dithyrambic poet. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> mentions him second (after Aeschylus) among the authors who spoke of the myth of the Sun god's son.<sup id="cite_ref-plin_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plin-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pliny also names <a href="/wiki/Nicander_of_Colophon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicander of Colophon">Nicander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satyrus_the_Peripatetic" title="Satyrus the Peripatetic">Satyrus</a> as other authors who knew of Phaethon.<sup id="cite_ref-plin_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plin-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plato's_Timaeus"><span id="Plato.27s_Timaeus"></span>Plato's <i>Timaeus</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Plato's Timaeus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Timaeus_(dialogue)" title="Timaeus (dialogue)">Timaeus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Critias" title="Critias">Critias</a> tells the story of <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a> as recounted to <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a> by an Egyptian priest, who prefaced the story by saying: </p> <blockquote><p>There have been, and will be again, many destructions of mankind arising out of many causes; the greatest have been brought about by the agencies of fire and water, and other lesser ones by innumerable other causes. There is a story that even you [Greeks] have preserved, that once upon a time, Phaethon, the son of Helios, having yoked the steeds in his father's chariot, because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burnt up all that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. Now, this has the form of a myth, but really signifies a declination of the bodies moving in the heavens around the Earth, and a great conflagration of things upon the Earth, which recurs after long intervals.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palaphaetus'_On_Unbelievable_Tales"><span id="Palaphaetus.27_On_Unbelievable_Tales"></span>Palaphaetus' <i>On Unbelievable Tales</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Palaphaetus' On Unbelievable Tales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other authors of around this period, <a href="/wiki/Palaephatus" title="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</a>'s version is not too rich in details. Naming no mother, Palaphaetus speaks of Phaethon as a son of Helios who had the irrational desire to drive his father's chariot, but had no knowledge of how to handle the reins. Unable to keep balance he was swept off course by the wild horses and drowned into the Eridanus river. Unlike several other retellings, a party behind Phaethon's death is not named, as Zeus takes no action to stop Phaethon and save the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apollonius_Rhodius'_Argonautica"><span id="Apollonius_Rhodius.27_Argonautica"></span>Apollonius Rhodius' <i>Argonautica</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg/330px-Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg/495px-Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg/660px-Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE_55_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2907" data-file-height="1786" /></a><figcaption>The Fall of Phaëthon on a <a href="/wiki/Roman_sarcophagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman sarcophagus">Roman sarcophagus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>While sailing up the <a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanus</a> river on their way back, the <a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a> reach the outfall of the deep lake where Phaethon fell after he was struck with a lightning bolt. During the day, the crew of the <a href="/wiki/Argo" title="Argo">Argo</a> was tormented by the nauseating stench from Phaethon's corpse, still smoldering after all this time, and at night they had to listen to the lament of his sisters, now turned into poplar trees and shedding tears of amber.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diodorus_Siculus'_Historic_Library"><span id="Diodorus_Siculus.27_Historic_Library"></span>Diodorus Siculus' <i>Historic Library</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diodorus Siculus' Historic Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phaethon, the son of <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, while still a youth persuaded his father to retire for a single day and give to him his chariot. His father eventually yielded to his son's wishes, and gave him his quadriga. The boy was unable to control the reins, and the horses left their accustomed course, setting ablaze the Heavens (creating the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>) and the Earth (creating uninhabitable land) alike. <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, seeing the catastrophe, smote Phaethon with a thunderbolt and brought the Sun to its course. Phaethon fell into the <a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanus</a> river, dead. His <a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">sisters</a> mourned him, and turned into <a href="/wiki/Black_poplar" class="mw-redirect" title="Black poplar">black poplar</a> trees.<sup id="cite_ref-:diod_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:diod-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ovid">Ovid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ovid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The influence of Euripides' lost play can be easily recognized in <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">own version of the myth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dig7_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dig7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another possible inspiration of Ovid's version might have been <a href="/wiki/Nicander" title="Nicander">Nicander</a>, who is known to have written about Phaethon in some work, perhaps attested in the lost <i>Heteroeumena</i> (loosely translating into "transformations").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidxt8xBwAAQBAJpgPA146_146]_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidxt8xBwAAQBAJpgPA146_146]-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the version of the myth told by Ovid, Phaethon is the son of Clymene and Phoebus Apollo, and Phaethon would often boast about being the son of the sun-god. Phaethon, challenged by <a href="/wiki/Epaphus" title="Epaphus">Epaphus</a> and his playmates, sought assurance from his mother that his father was truly Apollo. She gave him the requested assurance and told him to turn to his father for confirmation. He asked his father for some proof that would demonstrate his relationship with the Sun. When the god swore by the river <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a> to grant him whatever he wanted, he insisted on being allowed to drive the Sun chariot for a day. Apollo tried to talk him out of it by telling him that not even <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (the king of the gods) would dare to drive it, as the chariot was fiery hot and the <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a> breathed out flames. He said: </p> <blockquote><p>The first part of the track is steep, and one that my fresh horses at dawn can hardly climb. In mid-heaven it is highest, where to look down on earth and sea often alarms even me and makes my heart tremble with awesome fear. The last part of the track is downwards and needs sure control. Then even <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a> herself, who receives me in her submissive waves, is accustomed to fear that I might dive headlong. Moreover, the rushing sky is constantly turning, and drags along the remote stars, and whirls them in rapid orbits. I move the opposite way, and its momentum does not overcome me as it does all other things, and I ride contrary to its swift rotation. Suppose you are given the chariot. What will you do? Will you be able to counter the turning poles so that the swiftness of the skies does not carry you away? Perhaps you conceive in imagination that there are groves there and cities of the gods and temples with rich gifts. The way runs through the ambush, and apparitions of wild beasts! Even if you keep your course, and do not steer awry, you must still avoid the horns of Taurus the Bull, Sagittarius the Haemonian Archer, raging Leo and Lion's jaw, Scorpio's cruel pincers sweeping out to encircle you from one side, and Cancer's crab-claws reaching out from the other. You will not easily rule those proud horses, breathing out through mouth and nostrils the fires burning in their chests. They scarcely tolerate my control when their fierce spirits are hot, and their necks resist the reins. Beware, my boy, that I am not the source of a gift fatal to you, while something can still be done to set right your request!<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg/220px-Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg/330px-Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg/440px-Adolphe_Sunaert_-_De_Val_van_Pha%C3%ABton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><i>The fall of Phaethon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Pierre_Sunaert" title="Adolphe Pierre Sunaert">Adolphe Pierre Sunaert</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Phaethon, however, was adamant, and thus Apollo was forced to relent. When the day came, the fierce horses that drew the chariot felt that it was empty because of the lack of the sun-god's weight and went out of control. Terrified, Phaethon dropped the reins. The horses veered from their course, scorching the Earth, burning the vegetation, bringing the blood of the <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia_(Classical_Greek_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aethiopia (Classical Greek term)">Ethiopians</a> to the surface of their skin and so turning it black, changing much of Africa into a <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a>, drying up rivers and lakes and shrinking the sea. Earth cried out to Jupiter who was forced to intervene by striking Phaethon with a lightning bolt. Like a falling star, Phaethon plunged blazing into the river <a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanus</a>. </p><p>The epitaph on his tomb was: </p> <blockquote><p>Here Phaethon lies who in the sun-god's chariot fared. And though greatly he failed, more greatly he dared.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Apollo, stricken with grief at his son's death, at first refused to resume his work of driving his chariot, but at the appeal of the other gods, including Jupiter who used threats, returned to his task. </p><p>The detail of Phaethon questioning the parentage he otherwise took pride in being the result of Epaphus' words is also present in the works of <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, who wrote that Epaphus, now presented as the succeeded king of Egypt, mocked Phaethon for being born out of adultery; the outcome is largely the same, as Phaethon travels east to meet his father, gets Helios to promise him any favor, and then drives the chariot with disastrous results.<sup id="cite_ref-msh_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_late_authors">Other late authors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other late authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Philostratus_of_Lemnos" title="Philostratus of Lemnos">Philostratus of Lemnos</a>, who follows the typical premise of Phaethon's tale (son of Helios who asks his father to drive his chariot and ends up burning the Earth) describes in great detail the extent of the catastrophe, putting more detail in the picture and the visual representation rather than the action; <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Night</a> drives away <a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Day</a> from the noonday sky, the Sun's orb plunges into the Earth pulling the <a href="/wiki/Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Stars">stars</a> along with him, the <a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Seasons</a> abandon their posts in fear, and <a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Earth</a> raises her hands in supplication as she burns. Ultimately, Phaethon falls from the chariot, on fire, and dies. The Eridanus mourns him along with the <a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Eichst%C3%A4tt_Residenz_Treppenhaus_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption><i>Fall of Phaethon</i>, by Johann Michael Franz</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> "... in the time of <a href="/wiki/Crotopus" title="Crotopus">Crotopus</a> occurred the burning of Phaethon, and the deluges of <a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Caesars" title="The Twelve Caesars">The Twelve Caesars</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> attributes to the emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> the following repeated remark about the future emperor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>: "That to allow Gaius to live would prove the ruin of himself and of all men, and that he was raising a viper for the Roman people and a Phaethon for the world".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Scholiast" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholiast">scholiast</a> on Homer's <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> provides a different parentage for Phaethon, making him the son of Helios and <a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a> instead (thus full brother to the <a href="/wiki/Heliadae" title="Heliadae">Heliadae</a>), here the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a>, the river god. The scholiast follows the version of Phaethon being raised by his mother; when he learns the truth, he seeks out Helios and asks him to drive his chariot. Helios allows him not due to some promise or vow he made to his son, but rather because of his son's persistence, despite knowing what would follow. According to other authors, Zeus strikes him with a thunderbolt.<sup id="cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hom-sch-17_208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The element of Helios knowing what's in store for his child, but being unable to thwart it, is present in several tellings; <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a> writes that "with tears did he warn the rejoicing youth of treacherous stars and zones that would fain not be o'errun and the temperate heat that lies midway between the poles; obedient was he and cautious, but he cruel Parcae would not suffer him to learn."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Flaccus_(poet)" title="Valerius Flaccus (poet)">Valerius Flaccus</a> gives attention to the wrecked chariot itself, and how Tethys, who is Phaethon's grandmother as well as the goddess who receives Helios in the western ocean as he sets, picks up the fragments of yoke and axle, and one of the horses too (<a href="/wiki/Helios#Horses_of_Helios" title="Helios">Pyrois</a>) who is fearful of a father's wrath.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, another Roman author, describes Sol as being "tricked" into letting his son drive his chariot, expressing surprise and disbelief that a god could be deceived like that.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> speaks of Phaethon, the "youth who dared drive the everlasting chariot, heedless of his father's goal."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phaethon_as_a_legitimate_offspring">Phaethon as a legitimate offspring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Phaethon as a legitimate offspring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg/250px-Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg/375px-Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg/500px-Phaeton_Driving_the_Chariot_to_the_Sun_LACMA_54.70.1n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption><i>Phaeton Driving the Chariot of the Sun</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Goltzius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Goltzius">Hendrik Goltzius</a>, (Holland, Mülbracht, 1590)</figcaption></figure> <p>Hyginus wrote that Phaethon, son of Helios / Sol and Clymene, secretly mounted his father's car without said father's knowledge and leave, but with the aid of his sisters the Heliades who yoked the horses. Being inexperienced, Phaethon drove the chariot too high, and it was fear that made him plunge into the Eridanus; when Zeus struck him with a thunderbolt, the Earth began to burn. Zeus then, pretending to want to put out the fire, let loose all the rivers everywhere, causing the flood that drowned everyone except for <a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyrrha" title="Pyrrha">Pyrrha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyg-154_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phaethon secretly stealing the chariot, and his sisters helping him out perhaps implies the existence of an early version, where Phaethon and his (full) sisters are legitimate offspring of the Sun god and his wife, brought up in their father's house, rather than product(s) of an extramarital liaison.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, Phaethon was conveyed to the stars by his father as a constellation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constellation associated with Phaethon was the <a href="/wiki/Auriga_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auriga (constellation)">Auriga</a>, or the Charioteer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalkner201141_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalkner201141-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The satirical author <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samosata" class="mw-redirect" title="Samosata">Samosata</a> treated the myth in a comedic matter in his <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_of_the_Gods" title="Dialogues of the Gods">Dialogues of the Gods</a></i>. In the short dialogue, <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> angrily berates Helios for letting his inexperienced son drive his chariot, which almost resulted in the world being destroyed. Helios acknowledges his error, but claims he was pressured by Phaethon and Phaethon's mother Clymene both (another implication of the union between Helios and the mother of Phaethon being <i>marital</i> in nature, not an affair, and thus making their child legitimate), and could have not foreseen the extent of the disaster. Zeus is displeased to hear it, unconvinced that he would not know that an inexperienced driver like Phaethon would not be able to control the steeds. Helios then asks Zeus to be merciful, as his son has already been punished (being dead) and he himself is in great mourning. Zeus disagrees that this punishment is enough, returns Helios his damaged chariot which is in need of repair, and threatens to strike him with one of his thunderbolts should he ever do such thing again.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/True_History" class="mw-redirect" title="True History">True History</a></i>, another work of Lucian's, Phaethon is the king of the Sun and is at war with the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, ruled by King <a href="/wiki/Endymion_(mythology)" title="Endymion (mythology)">Endymion</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg/350px-Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg/525px-Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg/700px-Phaeton_Asking_for_the_Chariot_LACMA_M.71.76.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption><i>Phaethon asks his father for the chariot</i>, engraving by Hendrik Goltzius, 1590</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>' late version of the story is one of the two extensive narratives to survive, the other being Ovid's. Unlike other versions, Nonnus' is one of the few where Phaethon is a legitimate offspring of a married couple, with his motivation shifting from need to prove his parentage to him wanting to imitate his idolized father. In Nonnus' account, found in his epic <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> tells <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> the tragic story of Phaethon. Helios and the beautiful nymph Clymene fall in love and get married with her father Oceanus' blessing, and together they have Phaethon. Phaethon is raised by his parents, in the company of <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanid</a> nymphs. As a boy, he would mimic his father and his daily journey by driving a wagon of his own design, with burning torches standing in for the fire. When he grows up, he begs his father to let him drive his chariot, but Helios refuses, arguing that sons are not necessarily fit to follow on their fathers' footsteps (bringing up how <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> and Hermes do not hold lightning bolts like their father <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> does). Phaethon nevertheless is not a bit discouraged by his worried father's words, and then pressures him more, as does Clymene; with great reluctance, Helios consents, and gives his son a very extensive and detailed speech about all the dangers and the hazards of the ride. He then dresses Phaethon up in his own robes, helmet and solar crown and gives him the reins. With a final warning from his father, Phaethon yokes the horses and ascends in the sky, as his mother Clymene cheerfully waves him goodbye, still unaware of the danger that awaits her son. Like in all other versions, his ride is a disaster, as he burns the Earth. Zeus then kills him with a lightning bolt, and places him among the stars as the constellation <a href="/wiki/Auriga_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auriga (constellation)">Auriga</a>, the charioteer of the heavens.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonnus's version of the events is similar to that of Lucian, as both make (or imply) Clymene a wife to Helios, their son Phaethon born in marriage, and Clymene is actively present in persuading Helios to let their son drive the chariot. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades,_ses_soeurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades%2C_ses_soeurs.jpg/220px-Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades%2C_ses_soeurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades%2C_ses_soeurs.jpg/330px-Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades%2C_ses_soeurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades%2C_ses_soeurs.jpg/440px-Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette_-_La_mort_de_Pha%C3%A8ton_et_la_transformation_des_H%C3%A9liades%2C_ses_soeurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption><i>The Heliades</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Br%C3%A9biette" title="Pierre Brébiette">Pierre Brébiette</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mourning_for_Phaethon">Mourning for Phaethon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mourning for Phaethon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_mournful_sisters">The mournful sisters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The mournful sisters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A very common element of the story is that Phaethon's sisters, the <a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a>, mourn his death by the river and transform into <a href="/wiki/Black_poplar" class="mw-redirect" title="Black poplar">black poplars</a>, shedding tears of <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a> for their lost brother. According to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, it was Aeschylus who introduced the transformation of the sisters into poplar trees.<sup id="cite_ref-plin_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plin-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their number and names vary; a <a href="/wiki/Scholiast" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholiast">scholiast</a> on <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> gives an alternative parentage where Phaethon and his three sisters (Phaethusa, Lampetia and Aegle) are the children of Helios and <a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a>, here the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hom-sch-17_208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyginus names seven; Merope, Helie, Aegle, <a href="/wiki/Lampetia" title="Lampetia">Lampetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(mythology)" title="Phoebe (mythology)">Phoebe</a>, Aetherie and Dioxippe.<sup id="cite_ref-hyg-154_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovid has at least three, but only two (Phaethusa and Lampetia) are named. Servius only mentions Phaethusa and Lampetia.<sup id="cite_ref-msh_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg/200px-Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg/300px-Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg/400px-Theodoor_van_Thulden_-_The_Gods_mourning_Phaeton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="3528" /></a><figcaption><i>The Gods mourning Phaeton</i> by <a href="/wiki/Theodoor_van_Thulden" title="Theodoor van Thulden">Theodoor van Thulden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Although the Heliades' role and fate in the myth is not mentioned in any of the surviving fragments of <i>Phaethon</i>, Euripides briefly brings up the Heliades and their shedding of amber tears for their brother by the Eridanus in another play, <i><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(play)" title="Hippolytus (play)">Hippolytus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ovid vividly describes the sisters cry and mourn for their brother by the banks of the Eridanus for four months unmoving. Then, as they try to move, find themselves rooted to the ground, unable to leave. Their mother Clymene finds them, and although she tries to free her daughters by breaking off the forming branches and snapping the barks, she is unable to help them and the metamorphosis is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> scholiast writes that Zeus, feeling pity for them, changed them into the amber-crying poplar trees, and allowing them to retain the memories of their old lives and sorrows.<sup id="cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hom-sch-17_208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, it was Helios who turned them into trees, for their honor to Phaethon,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hyginus wrote that they were transformed into trees for yoking the chariot without their father's consent.<sup id="cite_ref-hyg-154_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The part concerning the Heliades might have been a mythical device to account for the origin of amber; it is probably of no coincidence that the Greek word for amber, <i>elektron</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">ἤλεκτρον</span></span></span>), resembles <i>elektor</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">ἠλέκτωρ</span></span></span>), an epithet of Helios.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poplar tree was considered sacred to Helios, due to the sun-like brilliance its shining leaves have.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_mournful_lover">The mournful lover</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The mournful lover"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later authors, particularly the Romans, mention the story of <a href="/wiki/Cycnus_of_Liguria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycnus of Liguria">Cycnus</a>, a man who was Phaethon's lover and deeply mourned his death and was turned into a swan, birds who are known for mourning the loss of their mates for days.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Ovid's account, the gods turned the inconsolable Cycnus into a swan soon after Phaethon's own death; even as a swan he retained memories of Phaethon's fiery demise, and the bird would thereafter avoid the sun's heat.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgil instead writes that Cycnus mourned for Phaethon well into his old age, thereupon he was turned into a swan, his white hair becoming the bird's white feathers upon transformation.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> explicitly name Apollo as the god who turned Cycnus into a swan, after having blessed him with talent in singing at some time before;<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msh_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollo then placed him among the stars, as the constellation <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a>, "the swan". Cycnus' profession as a musician seems to be a direct reference to the <a href="/wiki/Swan_song" title="Swan song">swan song</a> swans are famous for.<sup id="cite_ref-hyg-154_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_evidence">Artistic evidence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Artistic evidence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On one of the earliest extant artistic attestations of the myth, a cast taken from an Arretine mould now housed in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:vase_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:vase-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phaethon is shown fallen from the car, a wheel lying next to him while another is being collected by the water goddess <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a>, his grandmother, as <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Flaccus_(poet)" title="Valerius Flaccus (poet)">Valerius Flaccus</a> wrote. The god behind Phaethon's death, Zeus, is seen hurling his thunderbolt, while Helios appears on horse-back, with a spare horse by his side (matching Euripides' telling where Helios accompanies his son in the sky), having caught two of the horses and now directing his attention to the other two (like <a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a> describes him doing<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> is there too, perhaps alluding to some obscure version where she played a role in the story, as is <a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a>, the rainbow and messenger goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another figure, perhaps <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, is also present.<sup id="cite_ref-:vase_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:vase-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Apulian crater of c. 360-350 has a scene with named characters Merops, Clymene and Melanippus (TrGF adesp . 5f).<sup id="cite_ref-Aris-Philips-1995_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aris-Philips-1995-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The myth of father and son was immortalized in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a> (where Helios had a significant cult), where <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> describes two gilded chariots, one carrying Phaethon the other Helios, adorning a gateaway near Corinth's market: </p> <blockquote><p>On leaving the market-place along the road to Lechaeum you come to a gateway, on which are two gilded chariots, one carrying Phaethon the son of Helius (Sun), the other Helius himself.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_(National_Gallery_of_Art).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/288px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/432px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/576px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Fall_of_Phaeton_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10520" data-file-height="7849" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Phaeton_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Phaeton (Rubens)">The Fall of Phaethon</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1604/1605</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connections">Connections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Connections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lesser-known myth of <a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a> the dog star god and the harvest goddess <a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a> share some elements with the myth of Phaethon. In that myth, Sirius visits the earth on some mission but then meets and falls in love with Opora. His unfulfilled love makes him burn hotter, which results in the humans suffering under the great heat he causes. They pray to the gods, and eventually <a href="/wiki/Boreas_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreas (god)">Boreas</a> the god of the north wind orders his sons to deliver Opora to Sirius while he uses cold wind blasts to cool the earth. To commemorate the event, Sirius would continue to burn hot each year during the harvest season, explaining the intense heat of the dog-days of summer, attributed to Sirius by the ancients.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some ancient authors used 'Sirius' (meaning "scorching") as an epithet for Helios himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggle1970[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidRYAh8dv18lUCpgPA138_138]_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggle1970[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidRYAh8dv18lUCpgPA138_138]-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phaethon's story shares some similarities to the myth of <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a>, as mortal sons of divine fathers (Helios and Apollo) who disrupted natural order (Phaethon by driving the chariot off-course, Asclepius by resurrecting the dead) and were then killed by Zeus in order to establish that order again after complains from other divinities (<a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>), bringing sorrow to said fathers. Phaethon's myth was the preeminent myth involving amber in classical antiquity, and according to Celtic tradition, Apollo shed tears of amber for Asclepius' death; while Apollo's association with amber is not extraordinary, the context of it (mourning for his son) is significant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]-[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]-[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> in his own account of Phaethon ended by saying that amber was commonly used in connection to mourning the death of young people,<sup id="cite_ref-:diod_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:diod-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the link between resin and tears was not an uncommon one, as seen in the myths of <a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Myrrha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a> (according to a lost play by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>); the ancient Greek word for tear <i>dakruon</i> could also mean sap or gum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Mythographers" title="Vatican Mythographers">Vatican Mythographers</a> tried to merge the two myths, writing that Phaethon brought <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Athens" title="Hippolytus of Athens">Hippolytus</a> back to life (Asclepius in myth), and that after he was killed by Zeus, Apollo slew the Sicilian smiths who forged Zeus' thunderbolts (Apollo slaying the <a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a> who forged Zeus' lightning bolts after he slew Asclepius).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second narrative on Phaethon however, from the so-dubbed "Second Vatican Mythographer", recounts the more traditional version of the myth with no traces of amalgamation with other myths or any connection to Asclepius.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-classical_works">Post-classical works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Post-classical works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> refers to the episode in the <i>Inferno</i>, in "Purgatorio" canto IV and <i>Paradiso</i> canto XVII of his <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> uses the story of Phaethon in four places, most famously as an allegory in his play <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i>, comparing the King to the divinity of the sun: "Down, down I come; like glistering Phaethon, wanting the manage of unruly jades" (3.3). He also makes <a href="/wiki/Juliet" title="Juliet">Juliet</a> wish "Phaëthon would whip [Phoebus's horses] to the west" as she waits for <a href="/wiki/Romeo" title="Romeo">Romeo</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i> 3.2.3.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also appears briefly in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" title="The Two Gentlemen of Verona">The Two Gentlemen of Verona</a></i> 3.1.154, and twice in <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">Henry VI, Part 3</a></i> (1.4.33 and 2.6.12)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marston_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marston (poet)">John Marston</a> includes reference to Phaeton in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malcontent" title="The Malcontent">The Malcontent</a></i> whereby Mendoza's monologue describes the '... sparkling glances (of women), ardent as those flames that singed the world by heedless Phaeton!' – act 1, sc 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> wrote a musical tragedy, <i><a href="/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_(Lully)" title="Phaëton (Lully)">Phaëton</a></i>, in which he referred indirectly to the fate of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Nicolas Fouquet</a>, whose ambitions to imitate <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> – <i>The Sun King</i> – brought about his downfall. This opera is also used in the second version of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Paul Hindemith</a>’s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Cardillac" title="Cardillac">Cardillac</a></i> (1952).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a> wrote a symphonic poem entitled <i>Phaéton</i> in 1873.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Jommelli" title="Niccolò Jommelli">Niccolò Jommelli</a> wrote an opera <i>Fetonte</i> to an Italian-language libretto by <a href="/wiki/Mattia_Verazi" title="Mattia Verazi">Mattia Verazi</a> using various sources, principally <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, for the myth of Phaeton. It was first performed at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ducal_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducal Theatre (page does not exist)">Ducal Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a> in February, 1768, where <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_Karl-Eugen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duke Karl-Eugen (page does not exist)">Duke Karl-Eugen</a> of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a> maintained an opera troupe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Waiblinger" title="Wilhelm Waiblinger">Wilhelm Waiblinger</a>’s epistolary novel <i>Phaëthon</i> amalgamates the Phaethon myth with <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>’s <a href="/wiki/The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther" title="The Sorrows of Young Werther">Werther</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(H%C3%B6lderlin_novel)" title="Hyperion (Hölderlin novel)">Hyperion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang Goethe</a> published a poetic reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>’ fragmented tragedy in <i>Kunst und Altertum</i> (1823), which served as a basis for various full-scale dramatic adaptations such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Wernicke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Wernicke (page does not exist)">Marie Wernicke</a>’s <i>Phaethons Sturz</i> (1893), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Wilhelm_Gei%C3%9Fler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Wilhelm Geißler (page does not exist)">Karl Wilhelm Geißler</a>’s <i>Phaëthon</i> (1889) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Beer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Beer (page does not exist)">Arnold Beer</a>’s <i>Phaeton</i> (1875).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a>’s long poem <i>Helios und Phaethon</i> (1936) omits the cosmic disaster in order to focus on the relationship between godly father and mortal son.</li> <li>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otakar_Theer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otakar Theer (page does not exist)">Otakar Theer</a>'s symbolist tragedy <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fa%C3%ABth%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faëthón (page does not exist)">Faëthón</a></i> (1916), the hero epitomizes man's revolt against the world order ("the gods") and against human destiny. The tragedy was adapted in 1962 into a celebrated eponymous radio play by Miloslav Jareš (director) and Jaromír Ptáček (dramaturge).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a>’s early <i>Phaëthon, Myth</i> (1934) juxtaposes the Phaethon myth with a grotesque version of a Christological narrative.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Six_Metamorphoses_after_Ovid" title="Six Metamorphoses after Ovid">Six Metamorphoses after Ovid</a></i> for oboe, first performed at the Aldeburgh Festival on 14 June 1951, include the short piece <i>Phaeton</i>, which as a solo piece seems to focus on the individual lost in space, rather than the furious effects emphasised by earlier instrumental renditions of the myth.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>'s 1957 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i>, an in-universe opera is composed by the character of Richard Halley, where Phaeton succeeds in his attempt to control the chariot of the Sun, as an allegory for the power of mankind and individualism.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Cotton" title="Donald Cotton">Donald Cotton</a> wrote a comedy radio play <i>The Tragedy of Phaethon</i> broadcast on BBC Network 3, 10 February 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Wilson" title="Angus Wilson">Angus Wilson</a>’s novel Setting the World on Fire (1980) opens with the description of a Phaethon painting which proves pivotal to the protagonist's emerging self-conception, leading up to his production of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Lully</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_(Lully)" title="Phaëton (Lully)">Phaëton</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wright_(author)" title="John C. Wright (author)">John C. Wright</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Oecumene" title="The Golden Oecumene">The Golden Oecumene</a></i> trilogy (2002) features a protagonist named Phaethon, whose father's name is Helion. Mythical references abound.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Phaeton" title="Volkswagen Phaeton">VW Phaeton</a>.</li> <li>In 2012, former <a href="/wiki/Disco_Inferno_(band)" title="Disco Inferno (band)">Disco Inferno</a> frontman Ian Crause adapted the story of Phaethon as <i>The Song of Phaethon</i> for his first musical release in over a decade. Crause used the story as an analogy for Britain's entry into the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Second Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2016, Taffety Punk Theatre premiered Michael Milligan's play "Phaeton" in Washington, DC.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Carl_R%C3%BCtti" title="Carl Rütti">Carl Rütti</a> set to music an early modern interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Brant" title="Sebastian Brant">Sebastian Brant</a>'s Phaethon story, which equates the fall of Phaethon with a <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a>, but has Phaethon survive and return triumphant. Two versions exist for male choir and mixed choir, the latter as part of Rütti's four-part solar eclipse cantata "Eklipsis".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shared_name">Shared name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Shared name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Phaethon", which means "Shining One",<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was given also to <a href="/wiki/Phaethon_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethon of Syria">Phaethon of Syria</a>, to one of the horses of <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a> (the Dawn), the Sun, the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="/wiki/Auriga_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auriga (constellation)">Auriga</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, while as an adjective it was used to describe the sun and the moon.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some accounts the planet referred to by this name is not Jupiter but <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">1 Ceres</a> and <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">2 Pallas</a> – the first <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> – were discovered, astronomer <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Olbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Olbers">Heinrich Olbers</a> suggested that they were fragments of a <a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Phaeton (hypothetical planet)">much larger hypothetical planet</a>, which was later named <i>Phaethon</i>. However, the 'Phaeton hypothesis' has been superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accretion model</a>, in which the asteroid belt represented the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">protoplanetary disk</a> that never formed a planet, due to the interference of the gravity of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">fringe theorists</a> still consider the Phaeton hypothesis likely. </p><p>In modern times, an asteroid whose orbit brings it close to the Sun has been named "<a href="/wiki/3200_Phaethon" title="3200 Phaethon">3200 Phaethon</a>" after the mythological Phaethon. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> form of the name "Phaethon" is "Phaéton". This form of the word is applied to <a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(carriage)" title="Phaeton (carriage)">a kind of carriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">automobile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genus_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus (biology)">genus</a> of birds bear the name Phaethon in their taxonomic nomenclature, the <a href="/wiki/Tropicbird" title="Tropicbird">tropicbirds</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:100%;line-height:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Phaethon</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer" title="Lucifer">Lucifer</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mythic_Warriors" title="Mythic Warriors">Phaeton: The Chariot of Fire</a>" episode</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=fae/qw"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φαέθω</span></span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeekes20091:1551–52-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeekes20091:1551–52_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeekes2009">Beekes 2009</a>, pp. 1:1551–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGunnell" class="citation book cs1">Gunnell, John A. (ed.). <i>Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975</i> (Second ed.). Krause Publications. p. 14. <q>... okay to borrow the chariot of the Sun for a day?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+American+Cars+1946%E2%80%931975&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge,_Olivia_E.2001" class="citation book cs1">Coolidge, Olivia E. (2001). <i>Greek Myths</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZBlGCY1yy8C&dq=Phaethon&pg=PA12">12–17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-61815426-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-61815426-5"><bdi>978-0-61815426-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Myths&rft.pages=12-17&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-61815426-5&rft.au=Coolidge%2C+Olivia+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701223235/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/phaethon">"Phaethon"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Phaethon">the original</a> on 2016-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-11</span></span> – via oxforddictionaries.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phaethon&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2FPhaethon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/phaethon?showCookiePolicy=true">"Phaethon"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phaethon&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fphaethon%3FshowCookiePolicy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyg-154-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hyg-154_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyg-154_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyg-154_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyg-154_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyg-154_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyg-154_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaius_Julius_Hyginus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>. <i>Fabulae</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#154">154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fabulae&rft.pages=154&rft.au=Gaius+Julius+Hyginus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hom-sch-17_208-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hom-sch-17_208_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomer" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">Scholia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cts.perseids.org/read/greekLit/tlg5026/tlg007/First1K-grc1/2.17.1-2.17.3">17.208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odyssey&rft.series=Scholia&rft.pages=17.208&rft.au=Homer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTzetzes" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tzetzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>. <i>Chiliades</i>. 4.127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chiliades&rft.pages=4.127&rft.au=Tzetzes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHesiod" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-catalogue_women/2018/pb_LCL503.137.xml">"Catalogue of Women"</a>. <i>wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org</i>. The Wikimedia Library. p. 137. <q>Scholia on Homer's Odyssey and a papyrus of the Società Italiana Clymene, the daughter of Minyas, the son of Poseidon and Euryanassa, the daughter of Hyperphas, married Phylacus, the son of Deion, and bore Iphiclus, her swift son. It is said that by virtue of his feet he rivaled the winds and ran over the cornstalks and because of the lightness of his speed did not break their tassels. Some say that she {Clymene} married Helius first, and bore him as son Phaethon. The story is in Hesiod.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org&rft.atitle=Catalogue+of+Women&rft.pages=137&rft.au=Hesiod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2Fhesiod-catalogue_women%2F2018%2Fpb_LCL503.137.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith</a>, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DH%3Aentry+group%3D6%3Aentry%3Dhelios-bio-1">Helios</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keightley, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA56">56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62">62</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vergados, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qzF9UQt8NDUC&pg=PA286">286</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHesiod" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D963">986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theogony&rft.pages=986&rft.au=Hesiod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA22">22-23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hesiod. fr. 150. 21-24 Merkelback-West (= Pap. Oxy. 1358)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA24">24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loeb-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loeb_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loeb_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAeschylus1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ryanfb.github.io/loebolus-data/L146.pdf"><i>Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers, Eumenides, Fragments</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Vol. 146. Translated by Smyth, Herbert Weir. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 402.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aeschylus%3A+Agamemnon%2C+Libation-Bearers%2C+Eumenides%2C+Fragments&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Aeschylus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fryanfb.github.io%2Floebolus-data%2FL146.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshallMarshall2020[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_QvBDwAAQBAJpgPA111_111]-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshallMarshall2020[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_QvBDwAAQBAJpgPA111_111]_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshallMarshall2020">Marshall & Marshall 2020</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_QvBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA111">111</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dig7-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dig7_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dig7_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA7">7–8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g3233-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g3233_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g3233_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/page/32/mode/2up?view=theater">32-33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA12">12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLloyd-Jones,_Hugh1971" class="citation journal cs1">Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (Dec 1971). "<span style="color:gray">[no title cited]</span>". <i>The Classical Review</i>. <b>21</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">341–</span>345. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009840X00220908">10.1017/S0009840X00220908</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162831907">162831907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Review&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3Agray%22%3E%5Bno+title+cited%5D%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E341-%3C%2Fspan%3E345&rft.date=1971-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009840X00220908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162831907%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Lloyd-Jones%2C+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cod. Claromont. - Pap. Berl. 9771, <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> fragment <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.335.xml">773 Nauck</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuripides" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phaethon_(play)" title="Phaethon (play)">Phaethon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.349.xml?readMode=verso">frag 779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phaethon&rft.pages=frag+779&rft.au=Euripides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuripides" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phaethon_(play)" title="Phaethon (play)">Phaethon</a></i>. frag 781 N².</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phaethon&rft.pages=frag+781+N%C2%B2&rft.au=Euripides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA42">42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZimmermann,_Bernhard_(Freiburg)" class="citation book cs1">Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1207970">"Theodorides"</a>. In Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth; Landfester, Manfred (eds.). <i>Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity</i>. Classical Tradition. Translated by Salazar, Christine F.; Gentry, Francis G. (English, online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1207970">10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1207970</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theodorides&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+New+Pauly%2C+Antiquity&rft.series=Classical+Tradition&rft.edition=English%2C+online&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1207970&rft.au=Zimmermann%2C+Bernhard+%28Freiburg%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1207970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aris-Philips-1995-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aris-Philips-1995_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aris-Philips-1995_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuripides1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> (1995). Aris & Philips (eds.). <i>Euripides, Selected Fragmentary Plays: Telephus, Cretans, Stheneboea, Bellerophon, Cresphontes, Erectheus, Phaethon, Wise Melanippe, Captive Melanippe</i>. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Euripides%2C+Selected+Fragmentary+Plays%3A+Telephus%2C+Cretans%2C+Stheneboea%2C+Bellerophon%2C+Cresphontes%2C+Erectheus%2C+Phaethon%2C+Wise+Melanippe%2C+Captive+Melanippe&rft.pages=203&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Euripides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apgrd.ox.ac.uk/ancient-performance/performance/444">"Phaethon | APGRD"</a>. <i>www.apgrd.ox.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.apgrd.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Phaethon+%7C+APGRD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apgrd.ox.ac.uk%2Fancient-performance%2Fperformance%2F444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plin-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plin_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plin_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plin_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPliny_the_Elder" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plin.+Nat.+37.11.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137">37.11.2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+History&rft.pages=37.11.2&rft.au=Pliny+the+Elder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translation by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Jowett" title="Benjamin Jowett">Benjamin Jowett</a> (1817–1893) reproduced in, for example, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wTNctKDjxaMC&dq=Jowett+Timaeus+Phaethon&pg=PA4">John Michael Greer, <i>Atlantis</i> (Llewelyn Worldwide 2007</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-73870978-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-73870978-9">978-0-73870978-9</a>), p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Palaephatus" title="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</a>, <i>On Unbelievable Tales</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4EfiGQwgh4C&pg=PA83">52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Rhodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonius Rhodius">Apollonius Rhodius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/argonautica00apoluoft/page/334/mode/2up?view=theater">4.596-610</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/argonautica00apoluoft/page/336/mode/2up?view=theater">4.620-626</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:diod-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:diod_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:diod_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Library of History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/133#5.23.1">5.23.1</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/133#5.23.3">2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidxt8xBwAAQBAJpgPA146_146]-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidxt8xBwAAQBAJpgPA146_146]_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorton2013">Norton 2013</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xt8xBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146">146</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph2.htm">A.S. Kline's translation of Ovid, <i>Metamorphoses</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamilton,_E.1942" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Hamilton" title="Edith Hamilton">Hamilton, E.</a> (1942). <i>Mythology: Timeless tales of gods and heroes</i>. Warner Books, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-60725-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-60725-8"><bdi>0-446-60725-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythology%3A+Timeless+tales+of+gods+and+heroes&rft.pub=Warner+Books%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1942&rft.isbn=0-446-60725-8&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msh-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msh_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msh_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msh_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Maurus Servius Honoratus</a>. <i>On <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D10%3Acommline%3D189">10.189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Aeneid&rft.pages=10.189&rft.au=Maurus+Servius+Honoratus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philostratus_of_Lemnos" title="Philostratus of Lemnos">Philostratus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Imagines_(work_by_Philostratus)" title="Imagines (work by Philostratus)">Imagines</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/225#1.11.1">1.11.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClement_of_Alexandria2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> (2006-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book1.html">"Book 1"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stromata" title="Stromata">Stromata</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-11</span></span> – via Earlychristianwritings.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+1&rft.btitle=Stromata&rft.date=2006-02-02&rft.au=Clement+of+Alexandria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fclement-stromata-book1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuetonius2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> (2004). <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Caesars" class="mw-redirect" title="Lives of the Caesars">Lives of the Caesars</a></i>. Barnes & Noble. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gs4DPMV7si0C&dq=%22Phaethon+for+the+world%22&pg=PA155">115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-76075758-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-76075758-1"><bdi>978-0-76075758-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Caesars&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-76075758-1&rft.au=Suetonius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStatius" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Latin_poem)" title="Thebaid (Latin poem)">Thebaid</a></i>. 6.321 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thebaid&rft.pages=6.321+ff&rft.au=Statius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFValerius_Flaccus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Flaccus_(poet)" title="Valerius Flaccus (poet)">Valerius Flaccus</a>. <i>Argonautica</i>. 5.428 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argonautica&rft.pages=5.428+ff&rft.au=Valerius+Flaccus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCicero" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/De_Natura_Deorum" title="De Natura Deorum">De Natura Deorum</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work.php?work_id=137#3.76">3.76</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Natura+Deorum&rft.pages=3.76&rft.au=Cicero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeneca_the_Younger" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(Seneca)" title="Medea (Seneca)">Medea</a></i>. 598 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medea&rft.pages=598+ff&rft.au=Seneca+the+Younger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/page/32/mode/2up?view=theater">33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHyginus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>. <i>De astronomia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.42.2">2.42.2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+astronomia&rft.pages=2.42.2&rft.au=Hyginus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalkner201141-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalkner201141_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFalkner2011">Falkner 2011</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucian" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-gods#section25">"Zeus and the Sun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_of_the_Gods" title="Dialogues of the Gods">Dialogues of the Gods</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zeus+and+the+Sun&rft.btitle=Dialogues+of+the+Gods&rft.au=Lucian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flucianofsamosata.info%2Fwiki%2Fdoku.php%3Fid%3Dhome%3Atexts_and_library%3Adialogues%3Adialogues-of-the-gods%23section25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNonnus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca03nonnuoft/page/102/mode/2up?view=theater">38.142</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca03nonnuoft/page/122/mode/2up?view=theater">435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dionysiaca&rft.pages=38.142-435&rft.au=Nonnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA27">27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(play)" title="Hippolytus (play)">Hippolytus</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0106%3Acard%3D732">735-741</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOvid" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph2.htm#476707500">2.329-366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metamorphoses&rft.pages=2.329-366&rft.au=Ovid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuintus_Smyrnaeus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KiDDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT134">5.300</a>. <q>The daughters of the Sun, the Lord of Omens, shed (tears) for Phaethon slain, when by Eridanos' flood they mourned for him. These, for undying honour to his son, the god made amber, precious in men's eyes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Posthomerica&rft.pages=5.300&rft.au=Quintus+Smyrnaeus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keightley, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA58">58</a>, esp. [note a]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Decharme, pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nU9msl7p2vMC&pg=PA240">240–241</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWedderburn" class="citation news cs1">Wedderburn, Pete. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/pets/animals-grieve-just-as-people-do/">"Animals grieve just as people do"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Animals+grieve+just+as+people+do&rft.aulast=Wedderburn&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpets%2Fanimals-grieve-just-as-people-do%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOvid" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/Metamorph2.php#anchor_Toc64106115">2.367-380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metamorphoses&rft.pages=2.367-380&rft.au=Ovid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVirgil" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/245#10.163">10.189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aeneid&rft.pages=10.189&rft.au=Virgil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPausanias" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Paus.+1.30.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">1.30.3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.pages=1.30.3&rft.au=Pausanias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimalKershaw1990" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Pierre; Kershaw, Stephen (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar00grim/page/114/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>A concise dictionary of classical mythology</i></a>. Internet Archive (Reprint. 1994 ed.). Oxford, England ; Cambridge, Mass., USA : Blackwell. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-16696-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-16696-2"><bdi>978-0-631-16696-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+dictionary+of+classical+mythology&rft.pages=114&rft.edition=Reprint.+1994&rft.pub=Oxford%2C+England+%3B+Cambridge%2C+Mass.%2C+USA+%3A+Blackwell&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-631-16696-2&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Kershaw%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisedictionar00grim%2Fpage%2F114%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:vase-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:vase_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:vase_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Which can be seen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.mfa.org/objects/186454/mold-for-bowl-with-the-death-of-phaethon?ctx=3a578f1a-3c32-4789-88b1-d21362bb88df&idx=2">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diggle, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA42">42–43</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zeusstudyinancie02pt1cook/page/472/mode/2up?view=theater">473-475</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/page/34/mode/2up?view=theater">34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPausanias" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.3.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">2.3.2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.pages=2.3.2&rft.au=Pausanias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnott1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Geoffrey_Arnott" title="W. Geoffrey Arnott">Arnott, William Geoffrey</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41243800">"A Note on Alexis' Opora"</a>. <i>Rheinisches Museum für Philologie</i>. <b>98</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">312–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41243800">41243800</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rheinisches+Museum+f%C3%BCr+Philologie&rft.atitle=A+Note+on+Alexis%27+Opora&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E312-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41243800%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Arnott&rft.aufirst=William+Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41243800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2012" class="citation web cs1">Wright, M. Rosemary (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mythandreligion.upatras.gr/english/m-r-wright-a-dictionary-of-classical-mythology/">"A Dictionary of Classical Mythology: III The Constellations of the Southern Sky"</a>. <i>mythandreligion.upatras.gr</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Patras" title="University of Patras">University of Patras</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mythandreligion.upatras.gr&rft.atitle=A+Dictionary+of+Classical+Mythology%3A+III+The+Constellations+of+the+Southern+Sky&rft.date=2012-09&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=M.+Rosemary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmythandreligion.upatras.gr%2Fenglish%2Fm-r-wright-a-dictionary-of-classical-mythology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggle1970[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidRYAh8dv18lUCpgPA138_138]-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggle1970[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidRYAh8dv18lUCpgPA138_138]_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1970">Diggle 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYAh8dv18lUC&pg=PA138">138</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]-[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]-[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCausey2011">Causey 2011</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVxX_0Jrt7kC&pg=PA54">54</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVxX_0Jrt7kC&pg=PA58">58</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECausey2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA54_54]–[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPVxX_0Jrt7kCpgPA58_58]_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCausey2011">Causey 2011</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVxX_0Jrt7kC&pg=PA54">54</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVxX_0Jrt7kC&pg=PA58">58</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Vatican Mythographer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sE7WnkLLt2gC&pg=PA56">116</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Vatican Mythographer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sE7WnkLLt2gC&pg=PA129">75</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare,_William" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.william-shakespeare.info/act3-script-text-romeo-and-juliet.htm">"Text of Act 3"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i> – via william-shakespeare.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Text+of+Act+3&rft.btitle=Romeo+and+Juliet&rft.au=Shakespeare%2C+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.william-shakespeare.info%2Fact3-script-text-romeo-and-juliet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerrix1987" class="citation journal cs1">Merrix, Robert P. 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Rozhlas.cz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Otakar+Theer%3A+Fa%C3%ABth%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Rozhlas.cz&rft.au=Pek%C3%A1rek%2C+Hynek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rozhlas.cz%2Fvltava%2Fliteratura%2F_zprava%2F1183024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/fd8b90733b7148c094ff538caf459b67">"The Tragedy of Phaethon"</a>. <i>Radio Times</i>. Schedules from Saturday, 6th February 1965 to Friday, 12th February 1965. 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Tor Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0765336693" title="Special:BookSources/0765336693"><bdi>0765336693</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Age&rft.pub=Tor+Publishing&rft.date=2002-04-20&rft.isbn=0765336693&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitchfork.com/news/48695-listen-ian-crause-of-disco-inferno-shares-first-new-music-in-over-a-decade/">"Ian Crause of Disco Inferno shares first new music in over a decade"</a>. Listen. <i>Pitchfork</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Ian+Crause+of+Disco+Inferno+shares+first+new+music+in+over+a+decade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fnews%2F48695-listen-ian-crause-of-disco-inferno-shares-first-new-music-in-over-a-decade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/a-bold-production-of-phaeton-from-taffety-punk-theatre-company/2016/05/10/84d71866-16c2-11e6-971a-dadf9ab18869_story.html">"A bold production of <i>Phaeton</i> from Taffety Punk Theatre company"</a>. Theater / Dance. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. 2016-05-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+bold+production+of+Phaeton+from+Taffety+Punk+Theatre+company&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftheater_dance%2Fa-bold-production-of-phaeton-from-taffety-punk-theatre-company%2F2016%2F05%2F10%2F84d71866-16c2-11e6-971a-dadf9ab18869_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiddellScott" class="citation book cs1">Liddell & Scott (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=fae%2Fqwn&la=greek&prior=*%29he/lios#lexicon">"φαέθω"</a>. <i>Lexicon</i> – via perseus.tufts.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%B8%CF%89&rft.btitle=Lexicon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Fmorph%3Fl%3Dfae%252Fqwn%26la%3Dgreek%26prior%3D%2A%2529he%2Flios%23lexicon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiddellScott" class="citation book cs1">Liddell & Scott (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=fae%2Fqwn&la=greek&can=fae%2Fqwn0&prior=fa/w&d=Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=fae/qw&i=1#lexicon">"Φαέθω"</a>. <i>Lexicon</i> – via perseus.tufts.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%B8%CF%89&rft.btitle=Lexicon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Fmorph%3Fl%3Dfae%252Fqwn%26la%3Dgreek%26can%3Dfae%252Fqwn0%26prior%3Dfa%2Fw%26d%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3Dfae%2Fqw%26i%3D1%23lexicon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Titan/AsterPhaethon.html">"Phaethon"</a>. Greek Mythology. <i>Theoi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theoi&rft.atitle=Phaethon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FTitan%2FAsterPhaethon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160516163551/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/phaeton">"phaeton"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/phaeton">the original</a> on 2016-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-11</span></span> – via oxforddictionaries.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=phaeton&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fphaeton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/phaeton">"phaeton"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i> – via collinsdictionary.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=phaeton&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fphaeton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek">Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuripides2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL506/2009/volume.xml">"Online version"</a>. In Collard, Christopher; Cropp, Martin (eds.). <i>Fragments: Oedipus-Chrysippus: Other Fragments</i>. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Vol. 506. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99631-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99631-1"><bdi>978-0-674-99631-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Online+version&rft.btitle=Fragments%3A+Oedipus-Chrysippus%3A+Other+Fragments&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99631-1&rft.au=Euripides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL506%2F2009%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius Rhodius</a>, (1912). <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853–1915), R.C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 1. London, UK: William Heinemann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/126">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, (1888–1890). <i>Bibliotheca Historica</i>. Vols 1–2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B.G. Teubneri, Leipzig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes, John</a>, (1826). <i>Book of Histories</i>, Books II–IV translated by Gary Berkowitz from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/TzetzesChiliades2.html">Online version at Theoi.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philostratus_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Philostratus the Elder">Philostratus the Elder</a>, (1913). <i><a href="/wiki/Imagines_(work_by_Philostratus)" title="Imagines (work by Philostratus)">Imagines</a></i>, translated by A. Fairbanks, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>, No. 256. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1931. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674992825" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674992825">978-0674992825</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/imagines00philuoft#page/n9/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <i>Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy</i>, translated by A.S. Way, Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, (1940). <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i>; translated by <a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Rouse" title="W. H. D. Rouse">Rouse, W.H.D.</a>, III Books XXXVI–XLVIII. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 346, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, UK: William Heinemann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca03nonnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>, (1905). <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_of_the_Gods" title="Dialogues of the Gods">Dialogues of the Gods</a></i>; translated by Fowler, H.W. and F.G. Oxford, UK: The Clarendon Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaephatus" title="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</a>, (1996). <i>On Unbelievable Tales</i>, translation, introduction and commentary by Jacob Stem, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86516-310-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86516-310-3">0-86516-310-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4EfiGQwgh4C">Google books</a></li> <li>Decharme, Paul, (1884). <i>Mythologie de la Grèce antique</i>, Garnier Frères. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nU9msl7p2vMC">Google books</a> (in French).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, (1918). <i>Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes.</i> Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, UK: William Heinemann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, (1914). <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i>, in <i>The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White</i>, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, UK: William Heinemann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman">Roman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Roman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, (1977). <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, Volume I: Books 1–8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G.P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, first published 1916. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99046-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99046-3">978-0-674-99046-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL042/1916/volume.xml">Online version</a> at Harvard University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>, <i>Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207">Online version</a> at the Topos Text Project.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Maurus Servius Honoratus</a>, (1881). <i>In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii</i>; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig, DE: B.G. Teubner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053">Online version</a> at the Perseus Digital Library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Vergil</a>, (1910). <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>. trans. Theodore C. Williams. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>, <i>Fabulae from the Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206">Online version</a> at the Topos Text Project.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a>, (1878). <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>Nature of the Gods' from the Treatises of M.T. Cicero</i> translated by Charles Duke Yonge (1812–1891), Bohn edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/137">Online version</a> at the Topos Text Project.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a>, (1917). <i>De Natura Deorum.</i> O. Plasberg. Leipzig, DE: Teubner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0037">Latin text</a> available at the Perseus Digital Library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, (1938–1962). <i>Pliny – Natural History, 10 volumes</i>. Translated by Rackham, H.; Jones, W.H.S.; Eichholz, D.E. Loeb Classical Library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, (1917). <i>Tragedies</i>, translated by Miller, Frank Justus. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London, UK: William Heinemann.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus, Gaius Julius</a>, (1960). <i>The Myths of Hyginus</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html">Book 1</a>. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Valerius_Flaccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Valerius Flaccus">Valerius Flaccus</a>, (1928). <i>Argonautica</i> translated by Mozley, J.H. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> Volume 286. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, UK: William Heinemann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus1.html">Online version at Theoi.com.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeekes2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Beekes, Robert S. P.</a> (2009). <i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i>. Leiden: Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCook,_A.B.1914" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bernard_Cook" title="Arthur Bernard Cook">Cook, A.B.</a> (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/zeusstudyinancie01cookuoft#page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Zeus: A study in ancient religion</i></a>. Vol. I "Zeus God of the Bright Sky". <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> – via Internet Archive (archive.org).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zeus%3A+A+study+in+ancient+religion&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Cook%2C+A.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fzeusstudyinancie01cookuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCausey2011" class="citation book cs1">Causey, Faya (2011). <i>Amber and the Ancient World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Getty_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Getty Publications">Getty Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-082-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-082-7"><bdi>978-1-60606-082-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amber+and+the+Ancient+World&rft.pub=Getty+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-60606-082-7&rft.aulast=Causey&rft.aufirst=Faya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiggle1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> (1970). <a href="/wiki/James_Diggle" title="James Diggle">Diggle, J.</a> (ed.). <i>Euripides: Phaethon</i>. Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries. Vol. 12. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521604246" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521604246"><bdi>978-0521604246</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Euripides%3A+Phaethon&rft.series=Cambridge+Classical+Texts+and+Commentaries&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0521604246&rft.au=Euripides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalkner2011" class="citation book cs1">Falkner, David E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyj8UUE968wC&pg=PA41">"The Winter Constellations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyj8UUE968wC"><i>The Mythology of the Night Sky: An amateur astronomer's guide to the ancient Greek and Roman legends</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-0137-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-0137-7"><bdi>978-1-4614-0137-7</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Winter+Constellations&rft.btitle=The+Mythology+of+the+Night+Sky%3A+An+amateur+astronomer%27s+guide+to+the+ancient+Greek+and+Roman+legends&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-0137-7&rft.aulast=Falkner&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtyj8UUE968wC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGantz,_T.1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, T.</a> (1996). <i>Early Greek Myth: A guide to literary and artistic sources</i>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press;</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Greek+Myth%3A+A+guide+to+literary+and+artistic+sources&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Gantz%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span> in two volumes: (Vol. 1) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9">978-0-8018-5360-9</a>; (Vol. 2) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3">978-0-8018-5362-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimal,_Pierre1996" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Pierre (1996). <i>The Dictionary of Classical Mythology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1"><bdi>978-0-631-20102-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Classical+Mythology&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20102-1&rft.au=Grimal%2C+Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshallMarshall2020" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Hallie; Marshall, C.W. (2020). <i>Greek Drama V: Studies in the theatre of the fifth and fourth centuries <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BCE</span></span></i>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3501-4235-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3501-4235-0"><bdi>978-1-3501-4235-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Drama+V%3A+Studies+in+the+theatre+of+the+fifth+and+fourth+centuries+%3Cspan+class%3D%22smallcaps%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-variant%3A+small-caps%3B+text-transform%3A+lowercase%3B%22%3EBCE%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-3501-4235-0&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Hallie&rft.au=Marshall%2C+C.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorton2013" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Elizabeth (2013). <i>Aspects of Ecphrastic Technique in Ovid's Metamorphoses</i>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-4271-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-4271-6"><bdi>978-1-4438-4271-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Ecphrastic+Technique+in+Ovid%27s+Metamorphoses&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-4271-6&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Vatican Mythographers</i>, Ronald E. Pepin (2008), <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_Press" title="Fordham University Press">Fordham University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-2892-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-2892-8">978-0-8232-2892-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_W.1873" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, W.</a> (1873). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>. London, UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.date=1873&rft.au=Smith%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhaethon" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phaeton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Phaeton">Phaeton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>The translation and reconstruction of Euripides' "Phaethon" made by Vlanes is now available as an ebook on Amazon: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.amazon.com/Euripides-Phaethon-Translation-reconstruction-ebook/dp/B0085IVQ3Y/ref=cm_cmu_up_thanks_hdr">[1]</a></li> <li>George Stubbs's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/picture-of-month/displaypicture.asp?venue=7&id=109">'The Fall of Phaeton'</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040401102820/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/index.asp">Lady Lever Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001109055500/http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/phaeth.html">Comet Phaethon's Ride</a>, by Bob Kobres</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Titan/Phaethon.html">Theoi Project: <i><b>Phaethon</b></i> Greek demigod child of the sun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Titan/AsterPhaethon.html">Theoi Project: <i><b>Phaethon</b></i> Greek god of the star Jupiter</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template talk:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_deities198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primal <br /> elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">The twelve <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Descendants of the Titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian <br /> deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaia_(Grace)" title="Aglaia (Grace)">Aglaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic <br />deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimelides" title="Epimelides">Epimelides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborean_maidens" title="Hyperborean maidens">Hyperborean maidens</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxesia_(Greek_mythology)" title="Auxesia (Greek mythology)">Auxesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1824" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/817398">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61151776731218010122">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9157523178027030793">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/190786822">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2764159477778327990006">5</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119243113">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2020068619">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150700903">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150700903">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20201091970&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810595049905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011339953905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620239006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_119243113">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119243113">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/121793273">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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[\"CITEREFLloyd-Jones,_Hugh1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucian\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshallMarshall2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaurus_Servius_Honoratus\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerrix1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNonnus\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorton2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOvid\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPausanias\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPekárek,_Hynek\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPliny_the_Elder\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuintus_Smyrnaeus\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeneca_the_Younger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShakespeare,_William\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith,_W.1873\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStatius\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuetonius2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTzetzes\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValerius_Flaccus\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVirgil\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWedderburn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmermann,_Bernhard_(Freiburg)\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Chart\"] = 9,\n [\"Chart/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Chart/start\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 45,\n [\"Cite dictionary\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Greek mythology (deities)\"] = 1,\n [\"Grey\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"Infobox deity\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 5,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Math\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sc\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8669bc5c8-sfn5c","timestamp":"20250318155527","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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