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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cited literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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rgb(245,215,255)"><i>Barthelona</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Barthelona" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metamonad" title="Metamonad">Metamonada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Barthelona</i></a><br /><small>Bernard, Simpson & Patterson, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>B. vulgaris</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Barthelona vulgaris</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Bernard, Simpson & Patterson, 2000</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Barthelona</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">anaerobic</a> <a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">protists</a>. They are <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotes</a> closely related to <a href="/wiki/Skoliomonas" title="Skoliomonas">skoliomonads</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> <a href="/wiki/Metamonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a> genus containing the sole species <i><b>Barthelona vulgaris</b></i>. Members of this genus are informally known as <b>barthelonids</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barthelona&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barthelonids are <a href="/wiki/Flagellate" title="Flagellate">flagellates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unicellular" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicellular">unicellular</a> <a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">protists</a> (a type of <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryote</a>) that use <a href="/wiki/Flagella" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagella">flagella</a> for movement. Their cells measure 6–8 μm in length, and are oval on the dorsal side and flattened on the ventral side. Each cell has two flagella inserted sub-apically and laterally, at an angle of 60° from each other. The anterior flagellum is 1–2 times the cell length, while the posterior flagellum is 3–5 times as large as the cell body, and is slightly acronematic. The nucleus is located in the anterior end of the cell. The cytoplasm usually contains refractile granules.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barthelonids are free-living solitary <a href="/wiki/Heterotroph" title="Heterotroph">heterotrophs</a>. They swim or, more rarely, <a href="/wiki/Gliding_motility" title="Gliding motility">glide</a> slowly. When stationary, they still beat their flagella with a gentle undulation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barthelona&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:70%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">"<b>barthelonids</b>" </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Barthelona</i> sp. EYP1702 LC506387 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Barthelona</i> PCE LC506390.1 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Barthelona</i> sp. FB11 LC506388.1 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><span class="nowrap"><i>Barthelona</i> sp. LRM2 LC506389.1</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>TG1SB9_26 LC220719.1 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><span class="nowrap"><i>Barthelona</i> PAP020 LC506386</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">"skoliomonads" </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Barthelona</i> isolates </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Fornicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornicata">Fornicata</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Cladogram of skoliomonads based on a SSU rRNA phylogeny published in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEglitWilliamsRogerSimpson20247_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEglitWilliamsRogerSimpson20247-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i>Barthelona</i> was described by protistologists Catherine Bernard, Alastair G.B. Simpson, and <a href="/wiki/David_J._Patterson" title="David J. Patterson">David J. Patterson</a>. They isolated flagellates from sediments of Quibray Bay, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> in the spring of 1996. After observing the microorganisms, the authors assigned them to a new species <i>Barthelona vulgaris</i> and published the description in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the identification of <i>B. vulgaris</i> was purely based on observations under <a href="/wiki/Light_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Light microscopy">light microscopy</a>, it was treated as a <a href="/wiki/Morphospecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphospecies">morphospecies</a>. This morphospecies was later identified at other geographical locations, but it was never genetically sequenced, and consequently its evolutionary position remained uncertain. In 2020, five strains of <i>Barthelona</i> were isolated and genetically sequenced in order to reveal their phylogenetic position. They form a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> informally known as "barthelonids", resolved as the <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister group</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Fornicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornicata">Fornicata</a> within the phylum <a href="/wiki/Metamonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazakiKumeShiratoriEglit2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazakiKumeShiratoriEglit2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barthelona&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barthelona&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernardSimpsonPatterson2000136_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernardSimpsonPatterson2000">Bernard, Simpson & Patterson 2000</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEglitWilliamsRogerSimpson20247-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEglitWilliamsRogerSimpson20247_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEglitWilliamsRogerSimpson2024">Eglit et al. 2024</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazakiKumeShiratoriEglit2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazakiKumeShiratoriEglit2020_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazakiKumeShiratoriEglit2020">Yazaki et al. 2020</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_literature">Cited literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barthelona&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cited literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBernardSimpsonPatterson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Bernard, Catherine; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Patterson, David J. (May 2000). "Some free-living flagellates (Protista) from anoxic habitats". <i>Ophelia</i>. <b>52</b> (2): 113–142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00785236.1999.10409422">10.1080/00785236.1999.10409422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophelia&rft.atitle=Some+free-living+flagellates+%28Protista%29+from+anoxic+habitats&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=113-142&rft.date=2000-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00785236.1999.10409422&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Alastair+G.B.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarthelona" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEglitWilliamsRogerSimpson2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Eglit, Yana; Williams, Shelby K.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G.B. (3 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeu.13048">"Characterization of <i>Skoliomonas</i> gen. nov., a haloalkaliphilic anaerobe related to barthelonids (Metamonada)"</a>. <i>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology</i>. 00 (early view): e13048. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeu.13048">10.1111/jeu.13048</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39225178">39225178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eukaryotic+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Skoliomonas+gen.+nov.%2C+a+haloalkaliphilic+anaerobe+related+to+barthelonids+%28Metamonada%29&rft.volume=00+%28early+view%29&rft.pages=e13048&rft.date=2024-09-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjeu.13048&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F39225178&rft.aulast=Eglit&rft.aufirst=Yana&rft.au=Williams%2C+Shelby+K.&rft.au=Roger%2C+Andrew+J.&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Alastair+G.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fjeu.13048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarthelona" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazakiKumeShiratoriEglit2020" class="citation journal cs1">Yazaki, Euki; Kume, Keitaro; Shiratori, Takashi; Eglit, Yana; Tanifuji, Goro; Harada, Ryo; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542792">"Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>287</b>: 20201538. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2020.1538">10.1098/rspb.2020.1538</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542792">7542792</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Barthelonids+represent+a+deep-branching+metamonad+clade+with+mitochondrion-related+organelles+predicted+to+generate+no+ATP&rft.volume=287&rft.pages=20201538&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7542792%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2020.1538&rft.aulast=Yazaki&rft.aufirst=Euki&rft.au=Kume%2C+Keitaro&rft.au=Shiratori%2C+Takashi&rft.au=Eglit%2C+Yana&rft.au=Tanifuji%2C+Goro&rft.au=Harada%2C+Ryo&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Alastair+G.B.&rft.au=Ishida%2C+Ken-Ichiro&rft.au=Hashimoto%2C+Tetsuo&rft.au=Inagaki%2C+Yuji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7542792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarthelona" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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