Lightweight Cryptography

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Lightweight Cryptography | CSRC</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xbrnrVYDgLD-Bd64xHLCt4XsPXzUhQ-4lGMj4TdUUTA" /> <meta name="description" content="NIST began investigating cryptography for constrained environments in 2013. After two workshops and discussions with stakeholders in industry, government, and academia, NIST initiated a process to solicit, evaluate, and standardize schemes providing..." />  <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Lightweight Cryptography | CSRC | CSRC" /> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="NIST began investigating cryptography for constrained environments in 2013. After two workshops and discussions with stakeholders in industry, government, and academia, NIST initiated a process to solicit, evaluate, and standardize schemes providing..." /> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce" /> <meta name="dcterms.date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-01-03" /> <meta name="dcterms.date.reviewed" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-11-08" /> <meta name="dcterms.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" content="EN-US" />  <meta name="og:site_name" content="CSRC | NIST" /> <meta name="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="og:url" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/lightweight-cryptography" /> <meta name="og:title" content="Lightweight Cryptography | CSRC | CSRC" /> <meta name="og:description" content="NIST began investigating cryptography for constrained environments in 2013. After two workshops and discussions with stakeholders in industry, government, and academia, NIST initiated a process to solicit, evaluate, and standardize schemes providing authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) and optional hashing functionalities for constrained environments where the performance of current NIST cryptographic standards is not acceptable. In 2018, NIST published a call for algorithms to describe the requirements, selection process and the evaluation criteria.   Round 1. In March 2019, NIST received 57 submissions to be considered for standardization. The first round of the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process began with the announcement of 56 Round 1 in April 2019 and ended in August 2019. NISTIR 8268 explains the evaluation of the first-round candidates and names 32 candidate algorithms advancing to the second round of the evaluation process.   Round 2. 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fa-info-circle"></i> Overview </a> </span> <span> <a href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/news" id="NavNewsLink-sm" data-count="13"> <i class="fa fa-newspaper-o"></i> News & Updates </a> </span> <span> <a href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/events" id="NavEventsLink-sm" data-count="6"> <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> Events </a> </span> <span> <a href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/presentations" id="NavPresLink-sm" data-count="23"> <i class="fa fa-desktop"></i> Presentations </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-sm-12"> <h3>Overview</h3> <div id="overview"> <p>NIST began investigating cryptography for constrained environments in 2013. After two workshops and discussions with stakeholders in industry, government, and academia, NIST initiated a process to solicit, evaluate, and standardize schemes providing authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) and optional hashing functionalities for constrained environments where the performance of current NIST cryptographic standards is not acceptable. In 2018, NIST published a <a href="/csrc/media/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/documents/final-lwc-submission-requirements-august2018.pdf">call for algorithms</a> to describe the requirements, selection process and the evaluation criteria.  </p> <ul> <li><strong>Round 1.</strong> In March 2019, NIST received 57 submissions to be considered for standardization. The first round of the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process began with the announcement of 56 <a data-csrc-link="true" data-node-guid="7b129f7c-7386-4afd-943e-7dea75d87497" href="/projects/lightweight-cryptography/round-1-candidates">Round 1</a> in April 2019 and ended in August 2019. <a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="fc0b7366-ffb1-4cec-af74-c907b20769d4" href="/pubs/ir/8268/final">NISTIR 8268</a> explains the evaluation of the first-round candidates and names 32 candidate algorithms advancing to the second round of the evaluation process.  </li> <li><strong>Round 2.</strong> The second round of the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process began when NIST announced the 32 <a data-csrc-link="true" data-node-guid="1068de49-9b04-4f97-a39b-d87c63c625f1" href="/projects/lightweight-cryptography/round-2-candidates">Round 2</a> in August 2019 and concluded when the finalists were announced in March 2021. <a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="ad56a277-89a6-4e94-9136-272e38b83d81" href="/pubs/ir/8369/final">NISTIR 8369</a> explains the evaluation of the second-round candidates and names 10 finalists.  </li> <li><strong>Final Round.</strong> The final round of the process began with the announcement of the 10 finalists and ended when NIST <a data-csrc-link="true" data-node-guid="b9bc0366-0c11-44e2-853c-bbdf6377e867" href="/news/2023/lightweight-cryptography-nist-selects-ascon">announced the selection</a> of the Ascon family in February 2023. <a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="99179cae-fc51-4027-8145-aac4242f5924" href="/pubs/ir/8454/final">NISTIR 8454</a> describes the evaluation of the finalists and explains the selection of the Ascon family.   </li> </ul> <p>The timeline of the standardization process is provided <a data-csrc-link="true" data-node-guid="58c63f8d-f280-423b-a1ea-59f1975240e9" href="/projects/lightweight-cryptography/timeline">here</a>. </p> <h4>Standardization Phase </h4> <p>The initial public draft (ipd) of Special Publication (SP) 800-232, <em><a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-node-guid="ad2451fc-a4ce-4405-a205-226ea3703f22" href="/pubs/sp/800/232/ipd">Ascon-Based Lightweight Cryptography Standards for Constrained Devices: Authenticated Encryption, Hash, and Extendable Output Functions</a></em>, is now available for public comment. Please send your comments to <a href="mailto:SP800-232-comments@list.nist.gov" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">SP800-232-comments@list.nist.gov</a> by February 7, 2025</p> <h4>Acknowledgments </h4> <p>NIST thanks the submission teams, who developed and designed the candidates; the cryptographic community, who analyzed the candidates, shared their comments through the <a data-csrc-link="true" data-node-guid="4dbb449b-f618-4518-afed-13db5afe9882" href="/projects/lightweight-cryptography/email-list">lwc-forum</a>, and published papers on various technical aspects of the candidates; the developers who provided optimized implementations of the candidates; and organizers of hardware and software benchmarking initiatives, for their contributions in understanding the performance characteristics of the algorithms on various target platforms.  </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md"> <div class="project-nav-container"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-subnav" id="projectLinksContainer-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-link"></i> Project Links</h4> <div class="project-icons-container"> <span> <a href="/projects/lightweight-cryptography" id="SideNavOverviewLink"> <i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> Overview </a> </span> <span> <a href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/news" id="SideNavNewsLink" data-count="13"> <i class="fa fa-newspaper-o"></i> News & Updates </a> </span> <span> <a href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/events" id="SideNavEventsLink" data-count="6"> <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> Events </a> </span> <span> <a href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/presentations" id="SideNavPresLink" data-count="23"> <i class="fa fa-desktop"></i> Presentations </a> </span> </div> <h4>Additional Pages</h4> <div id="projectPagesCallout-lg"> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="1" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/round-1-candidates" id="projPage0" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Round 1</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="2" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/round-2-candidates" id="projPage1" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Round 2</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="3" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/finalists" id="projPage2" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Finalists</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="4" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/lwc-publications" id="projPage3" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Related Publications</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="5" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/performance-benchmarking" id="projPage4" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Performance Benchmarking</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="7" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/timeline" id="projPage5" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Timeline</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="8" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/email-list" id="projPage6" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Email List (lwc-forum)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success" id="contactsCallout-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-user"></i> Contacts</h4> <p id="projContact0"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Lightweight Crypto</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Technical Inquiries</span> </strong><br/><a href='mailto:lightweight-crypto@nist.gov' data-field='email'>lightweight-crypto@nist.gov</a><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact1"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Donghoon</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Chang</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact2"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>John</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Kelsey</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact3"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Kerry</span> <span data-field='lastname'>McKay</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact4"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Meltem</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Sönmez Turan</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact5"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Noah</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Waller</span> </strong><br/></span></p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="owningGroupCallout-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-sitemap"></i> Group</h4> <a href="/Groups/Computer-Security-Division/Cryptographic-Technology">Cryptographic Technology</a> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> Topics</h4> <p> <strong id="catName0-lg">Security and Privacy:</strong> <a id="catTopLink0-0-lg" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/lightweight-cryptography">lightweight cryptography</a> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning" id="relatedProjectsCallout-lg"> <h4>Related Projects</h4> <a href="/Projects/cryptographic-standards-and-guidelines" id="relProjLink0">Cryptographic Standards and Guidelines</a><br/> <a href="/Projects/masked-circuits" id="relProjLink1">Masked Circuits for Block-Ciphers</a><br/> <a href="/Projects/threshold-cryptography" id="relProjLink2">Multi-Party Threshold Cryptography</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row visible-sm visible-xs visible-md"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-subnav" id="projectPagesCallout-sm"> <h4>Additional Pages</h4> <p> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="1" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/round-1-candidates" id="projPage0-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Round 1</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="2" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/round-2-candidates" id="projPage1-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Round 2</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="3" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/finalists" id="projPage2-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Finalists</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="4" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/lwc-publications" id="projPage3-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Related Publications</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="5" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/performance-benchmarking" id="projPage4-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Performance Benchmarking</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="7" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/timeline" id="projPage5-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Timeline</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="8" href="/Projects/lightweight-cryptography/email-list" id="projPage6-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Email List (lwc-forum)</a> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-subnav" id="contactsCallout-sm"> <h4><i class="fa fa-user"></i> Contacts</h4> <p style="padding-left: 15px;"> <span id="projContact0-sm"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Lightweight Crypto</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Technical Inquiries</span> </strong><br/><a href='mailto:lightweight-crypto@nist.gov' data-field='email'>lightweight-crypto@nist.gov</a><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact1-sm"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Donghoon</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Chang</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact2-sm"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>John</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Kelsey</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact3-sm"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Kerry</span> <span data-field='lastname'>McKay</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact4-sm"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Meltem</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Sönmez Turan</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact5-sm"><span class='contact-display'><strong data-field='full-name'> <span data-field='firstname'>Noah</span> <span data-field='lastname'>Waller</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="owningGroupCallout-sm"> <h4><i class="fa fa-sitemap"></i> Group</h4> <a href="/Groups/Computer-Security-Division/Cryptographic-Technology">Cryptographic Technology</a> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-sm"> <h4><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> Topics</h4> <p> <strong id="catName0-sm">Security and Privacy:</strong> <a id="catTopLink0-0-sm" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/lightweight-cryptography">lightweight cryptography</a> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning" id="relatedProjectsCallout-sm"> <h4>Related Projects</h4> <p> <a href="/Projects/cryptographic-standards-and-guidelines" id="relProjLink0-sm">Cryptographic Standards and Guidelines</a><br/> <a href="/Projects/masked-circuits" id="relProjLink1-sm">Masked Circuits for Block-Ciphers</a><br/> <a href="/Projects/threshold-cryptography" id="relProjLink2-sm">Multi-Party Threshold Cryptography</a><br/> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 historical-data-area" id="historical-data-area"> <span>Created <span 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