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Romans 9 — Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY
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lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" > <div id="videoWrapperContainer" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div id="videoWrapper" class="hidden headerPosition constrainedHeight hasStudyPane showStudy hasSecondaryNav showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div class="topShadow"></div> <div class="videoNoticeContainer"> <p class="noticeText noMarkerNotice">No video available for this selection.</p> <p class="noticeText videoErrorNotice">Sorry, there was an error loading the video.</p> </div> <div id="playerShared" class="uninitialized"></div> </div> </div> <div id="study" class="clearfix activePane jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr"> <div id="studyWrapper"> <div class="navigationTabsContainer"> <ul class="navigationTabs"> <li class="active tabItem discover" data-related-content="studyDiscover" aria-label="discover"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem parallel" data-related-content="studyParallel" aria-label="parallel"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem marginal" data-related-content="studyMarginals" aria-label="marginal"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigationContents"> <div id="studyDiscover" class="studyPane active tabContent"> <div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui"><strong>Overview of Romans</strong></span></h3><div class="summaryOverview"><ul class="content"><li class='scalableui'><div class="overview chapterOnly"> <ul class="outline"><li class="L1 collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><p class="se title"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>B.</strong> </span><strong>RIGHTEOUSNESS COMES BY GOD’S UNDESERVED KINDNESS THROUGH FAITH IN JESUS CHRIST (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=5:390-65:0"><strong>1:16–11:36</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><span class="icon"></span></div><ul><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>1. Faith essential for salvation (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=5:390-6:0"><strong>1:16, 17</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“The righteous one will live by reason of faith” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=5:390-6:0">1:16, 17</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>2. God’s wrath against all ungodliness and unrighteousness (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=6:0-9:0"><strong>1:18-32</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Humans inexcusable for not glorifying God, the Creator (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=6:0-7:0">1:18-23</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God gave ungodly people up to uncleanness (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=7:0-8:0">1:24-27</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The consequences of not acknowledging God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/1#h=8:0-9:0">1:28-32</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>3. God’s judgment on Jews and Greeks (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=9:0-12:0"><strong>2:1-16</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Warning against judging others; God will judge all impartially (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=9:0-11:0">2:1-11</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Those having law but who are disobedient will be judged by law (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=11:0-11:245">2:12, 13</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">People of the nations have a law within themselves, their conscience (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=11:245-12:0">2:14-16</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>4. The Jews and the Law (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=12:0-16:0"><strong>2:17–3:8</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The one professing to follow the Law yet breaking it dishonors God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=12:0-13:0">2:17-24</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Real circumcision is on the inside; the real Jew has a circumcised heart (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/2#h=13:0-14:0">2:25-29</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The Jews were entrusted with God’s sacred pronouncements (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=14:0-14:191">3:1, 2</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“Let God be found true, even if every man be found a liar” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=14:191-16:0">3:3-8</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>5. God’s righteousness revealed apart from law (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=16:0-20:0"><strong>3:9-31</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">All mankind, both Jews and Gentiles, are under sin (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=16:0-17:0">3:9-18</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">No one will be declared righteous by works of law (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=17:0-18:0">3:19, 20</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Humans of all sorts who exercise faith in Christ declared righteous as a free gift (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=18:0-19:221">3:21-28</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God is not the God of the Jews only but also of people of the nations (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/3#h=19:221-20:0">3:29-31</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>6. Abraham declared righteous through faith before the Law was given (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/4#h=20:0-25:0"><strong>4:1-25</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Abraham’s faith counted to him as righteousness while he was yet uncircumcised (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/4#h=20:0-22:0">4:1-12</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Abraham received the promise through righteousness by faith (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/4#h=22:0-23:0">4:13-15</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The promise is sure to all who adhere to the faith of Abraham (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/4#h=23:0-25:0">4:16-25</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>7. Reconciliation to God; death through Adam, life through Christ (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/5#h=25:0-30:0"><strong>5:1-21</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Being declared righteous by faith leads to peace with God, joy, and hope (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/5#h=25:0-26:0">5:1-5</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">From being sinners and enemies to being reconciled to God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/5#h=26:0-27:0">5:6-11</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Through Adam’s sin, death has spread to all and rules as king (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/5#h=27:0-28:0">5:12-14</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God’s free gift through Christ results in a declaration of righteousness (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/5#h=28:0-29:0">5:15-17</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Rule by sin replaced with rule by undeserved kindness (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/5#h=29:0-30:0">5:18-21</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>8. A new life through baptism into Christ (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/6#h=30:0-35:0"><strong>6:1-23</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Those baptized into Christ are baptized into his death with hope of a resurrection like his (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/6#h=30:0-32:0">6:1-11</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Do not let sin rule in your bodies (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/6#h=32:0-33:0">6:12-14</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">From slaves of sin to slaves of God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/6#h=33:0-35:0">6:15-23</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>9. The purpose of the Law fulfilled; sin’s death-dealing power in all humans revealed (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/7#h=35:0-40:0"><strong>7:1-25</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Release from the Law illustrated (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/7#h=35:0-37:0">7:1-6</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Sin made known by the Law (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/7#h=37:0-38:0">7:7-12</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The struggle with sin (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/7#h=38:0-40:0">7:13-25</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>10. The righteous standing of those in union with Christ (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=40:0-48:0"><strong>8:1-39</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Living in harmony with the spirit pleases God and brings life and peace (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=40:0-42:0">8:1-11</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God’s spirit bears witness of adoption as sons (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=42:0-43:0">8:12-17</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The revealing of God’s sons eagerly awaited by human creation (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=43:0-43:509">8:18-21</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Creation now groaning in pain (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=43:509-44:0">8:22-25</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The spirit pleads with God for the holy ones (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=44:0-45:0">8:26, 27</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God makes his works cooperate for those who love him (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=45:0-46:0">8:28-30</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“If God is for us, who will be against us?” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=46:0-47:0">8:31-34</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Nothing can separate righteous ones from God’s love (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/8#h=47:0-48:0">8:35-39</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>11. God’s sovereign will and natural Israel (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=48:0-54:0"><strong>9:1-33</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul expresses grief over his relatives, the Israelites (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=48:0-49:0">9:1-5</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Abraham’s true offspring (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=49:0-50:0">9:6-13</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God’s choosing not dependent on desire or effort of humans (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=50:0-51:0">9:14-18</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Unwise to find fault with the choice made by God, the Potter (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=51:0-52:0">9:19-26</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Only a remnant of natural Israel will be saved (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=52:0-53:0">9:27-29</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Israel stumbled by not showing faith (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9#h=53:0-54:0">9:30-33</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>12. How to attain a righteous standing before God (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/10#h=54:0-58:0"><strong>10:1-21</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Christ is the end of the Law (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/10#h=54:0-55:0">10:1-4</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Righteousness results from faith; public declaration for salvation (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/10#h=55:0-56:0">10:5-10</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Both Jews and Greeks need to call on the name of Jehovah to be saved (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/10#h=56:0-56:287">10:11-13</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Preachers sent out so that others can hear, believe, and call on Jehovah (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/10#h=56:287-57:0">10:14, 15</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Fleshly Israel’s lack of response was due to lack of faith, not lack of opportunity (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/10#h=57:0-58:0">10:16-21</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>13. The salvation of all Israel illustrated by an olive tree (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/11#h=58:0-65:0"><strong>11:1-36</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Rejection of natural Israel not total (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/11#h=58:0-62:0">11:1-16</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Because of lack of faith on their part, some of Israel’s natural branches were broken off and “wild” non-Israelite ones were grafted in (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/11#h=62:0-63:0">11:17-24</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The sacred secret reveals how all spiritual Israel will be saved (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/11#h=63:0-64:0">11:25-32</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“O the depth of God’s riches and wisdom and knowledge!” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/11#h=64:0-65:0">11:33-36</a>)</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-1" data-section-citation="045009001045009001"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:1</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p490" data-pid="490" class="se"></p> <div id="p491" data-pid="491"><p data-pid="491" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/535/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="491" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/535/0">8/1/1997, p. 4</a></p> </div><p id="p492" data-pid="492" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p157" data-pid="157" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/155/0">w97 8/1 4;</a></p> <p id="p158" data-pid="158" class="sx"></p> <p id="p196" data-pid="196" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/194/0">w82 7/15 16-17;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/194/2"> w73 286;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/194/4"> w72 556,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/194/6"> 562</a></p> <p id="p197" data-pid="197" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-2" data-section-citation="045009002045009002"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:2</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p492" data-pid="492" class="se"></p> <div id="p493" data-pid="493"><p data-pid="493" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/536/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="493" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/536/0">10/2021, p. 25</a></p> </div><div id="p494" data-pid="494"><p data-pid="494" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/537/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="494" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/537/0">5/2018, p. 13</a></p> </div><p id="p495" data-pid="495" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p158" data-pid="158" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/156/0">w21.10 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/156/2"> w18.05 13;</a></p> <p id="p159" data-pid="159" class="sx"></p> <p id="p197" data-pid="197" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/195/0">w77 407;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/195/2"> w74 523</a></p> <p id="p198" data-pid="198" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-3" data-section-citation="045009003045009003"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:3</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="s5"><strong>separated . . . as the cursed one:</strong> That is, the one being under a curse from God. Paul is here using a form of hyperbole, or exaggeration. He expresses his willingness to take on himself the curse from God that awaited his <strong>brothers,</strong> unbelieving Jews, for rejecting the promised Messiah. (Compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/1/0" data-bid="2-1" class="b">Ga 3:13</a>.) Paul’s point is that he was willing to do everything within his power to help them to avail themselves of God’s means of salvation.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p495" data-pid="495" class="se"></p> <p id="p496" data-pid="496" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/538/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 558</a></p> <div id="p497" data-pid="497"><p data-pid="497" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/539/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="497" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/539/0">9/15/1993, p. 31</a></p> </div><p id="p498" data-pid="498" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p159" data-pid="159" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/157/0">it-1 558;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/157/2"> w93 9/15 31;</a></p> <p id="p160" data-pid="160" class="sx"></p> <p id="p198" data-pid="198" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/196/0">w77 214;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/196/2"> w77 407-408;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/196/4"> w68 690</a></p> <p id="p199" data-pid="199" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-4" data-section-citation="045009004045009004"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:4</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="s5"><strong>the adoption as sons:</strong> This expression is here used figuratively in connection with the fleshly Israelites. Therefore, in this instance, it apparently refers to their unique position while they were God’s covenant people. Accordingly, the Hebrew Scriptures occasionally refer to natural Israel as God’s son or sons. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/0" data-bid="4-1" class="b">Ex 4:22, 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/1" data-bid="4-2" class="b"> De 14:1, 2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/2" data-bid="4-3" class="b"> Isa 43:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/3" data-bid="4-4" class="b"> Jer 31:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/4" data-bid="4-5" class="b"> Ho 1:10;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/5" data-bid="4-6" class="b"> 11:1</a>) Actual sonship, however, would not be possible until the ransom provision was made through Christ Jesus, and it would depend on a person’s accepting and putting faith in that divine arrangement.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/4/0" data-bid="5-1" class="b">Joh 1:12, 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/4/1" data-bid="5-2" class="b"> 2Co 6:16-18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/4/2" data-bid="5-3" class="b"> Ga 4:4, 5</a>.</p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="s5"><strong>the sacred service:</strong> Or “the worship.” Here referring to the sacred service set out in the Law covenant. At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/5/0" data-bid="6-1" class="b">Heb 9:1,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/5/1" data-bid="6-2" class="b"> 6</a>, Paul used this expression when describing the worship at the tabernacle, which included the sacrifices offered in behalf of Israel when the Law covenant was in effect. At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/6/0" data-bid="7-1" class="b">Ro 12:1</a>, Paul again uses this expression, but with regard to a Christian’s worship of God.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/0/0">study note on Ro 12:1</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/298" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-299"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 4:22</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-299" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-299" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/299" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-300"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 3:25; 7:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-300" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-300" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/300" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-301"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 24:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-301" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-301" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/301" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-302"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 26:7; Heb 9:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-302" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-302" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/302" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-303"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-303" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-303" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p498" data-pid="498" class="se"></p> <p id="p499" data-pid="499" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/540/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 51</a></p> <p id="p500" data-pid="500" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/541/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 683</a></p> <p id="p501" data-pid="501" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p160" data-pid="160" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/158/0">it-1 51;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/158/2"> it-2 683;</a></p> <p id="p161" data-pid="161" class="sx"></p> <p id="p199" data-pid="199" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/197/0">w80 8/15 21-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/197/2"> ad 37;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/197/3"> w68 690</a></p> <p id="p200" data-pid="200" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-5" data-section-citation="045009005045009005"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:5</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="s5"><strong>God, who is over all, be praised forever:</strong> This phrase refers to Jehovah God; it is an exhortation to praise him for what he has done for his people, including what is mentioned earlier in this passage. However, some translations render this verse in a way that would identify Christ as Almighty God. For example, “the Christ, who is God over all.” Grammatically, such a rendering is possible, but the context has to be taken into consideration. The preceding passage describes God’s loving provisions for his people. Consider also what follows at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/8/0" data-bid="9-1" class="b">Ro 9:6-13</a>. These verses show that the outworking of God’s purpose depends, not on inheritance according to the flesh, but on the will of <em>God.</em> <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/9/0" data-bid="10-1" class="b">Verses 14-18</a> refer to God’s message to Pharaoh, as recorded at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/10/0" data-bid="11-1" class="b">Ex 9:16</a>, to highlight that <em>God</em> is over all. In <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/11/0" data-bid="12-1" class="b">verses 19-24</a>, <em>God’s</em> superiority is further illustrated by the analogy of a potter and the clay vessels that he makes. Considering the context, it would therefore be natural for Paul to refer to “God, who is over all.” It is also noteworthy that Paul in his writings most often ascribes such expressions of praise, not to Christ Jesus, but to God. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/12/0" data-bid="13-1" class="b">Ro 11:34-36;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/12/1" data-bid="13-2" class="b"> 16:27;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/12/2" data-bid="13-3" class="b"> Ga 1:4, 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/12/3" data-bid="13-4" class="b"> Php 4:20;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/12/4" data-bid="13-5" class="b"> 1Ti 1:17</a>) Paul clearly distinguishes between Jesus and Jehovah God, as at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/13/0" data-bid="14-1" class="b">Ro 15:5, 6</a>, where he urges fellow Christians to “glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/14/0" data-bid="15-1" class="b">2Co 1:3;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/14/1" data-bid="15-2" class="b"> Eph 1:3</a>) The main text rendering of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/15/0" data-bid="16-1" class="b">Ro 9:5</a> is also strongly supported by Paul’s words at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/16/0" data-bid="17-1" class="b">1Co 15:27, 28</a>.—For a further discussion of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/17/0" data-bid="18-1" class="b">Ro 9:5</a>, see <em>Kingdom Interlinear,</em> App. 2D, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/1/0">God, Who Is Over All</a>.”</p> <p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="s5"><strong>Amen:</strong> A term that is often used in the inspired letters of the Christian Greek Scriptures when the writer has expressed some form of praise to God.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/18/0" data-bid="19-1" class="b">Ro 16:27;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/18/1" data-bid="19-2" class="b"> Eph 3:21;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/18/2" data-bid="19-3" class="b"> 1Pe 4:11</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/2/0">study note on Ro 1:25</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/303" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-304"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 10:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-304" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-304" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/304" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-305"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 1:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-305" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-305" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p501" data-pid="501" class="se"></p> <p id="p502" data-pid="502" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/542/0"><em>Reasoning,</em> pp. 418-419</a></p> <p id="p503" data-pid="503" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p161" data-pid="161" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/159/0">rs 418-419;</a></p> <p id="p162" data-pid="162" class="sx"></p> <p id="p200" data-pid="200" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/198/0">int 1142-1143;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/198/1"> w84 8/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/198/3"> Rbi8 1580-1581;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/198/4"> g72 3/22 7;</a><span class="ni"> bi8-71 1364;</span><span class="ni"> int69 1161;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/198/8"> w68 690;</a><span class="ni"> bi8-63 3590;</span><span class="ni"> bi7-50 778;</span><span class="ni"> wl 102</span></p> <p id="p201" data-pid="201" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-6" data-section-citation="045009006045009006"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:6</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/305" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-306"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 2:28; Re 2:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-306" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-306" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p503" data-pid="503" class="se"></p> <p id="p504" data-pid="504" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/543/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 498</a></p> <p id="p505" data-pid="505" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p162" data-pid="162" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/160/0">it-1 498;</a></p> <p id="p163" data-pid="163" class="sx"></p> <p id="p201" data-pid="201" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/199/0">w85 1/15 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/199/2"> w84 9/15 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/199/4"> w83 8/15 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/199/6"> w74 126-127;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/199/8"> w71 430;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/199/10"> w63 205;</a><span class="ni"> g63 4/8 4;</span><span class="ni"> w46 213</span></p> <p id="p202" data-pid="202" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-7" data-section-citation="045009007045009007"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:7</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="s5"><strong>offspring:</strong> Or “descendants.” Lit., “seed.”—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/0">App. A2</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/306" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-307"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 8:39; Ga 3:29</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-307" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-307" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/307" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-308"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 21:12; Heb 11:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-308" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-308" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p202" data-pid="202" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/200/0">w84 9/15 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/200/2"> w83 8/15 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/200/4"> w71 430;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/200/6"> w66 109;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/200/7"> w63 205;</a><span class="ni"> ns 77;</span><span class="ni"> w34 168;</span><span class="ni"> jh 252</span></p> <p id="p203" data-pid="203" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-8" data-section-citation="045009008045009008"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:8</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="s5"><strong>offspring:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3/0">study note on Ro 9:7</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/308" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-309"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 1:12, 13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-309" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-309" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/309" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-310"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 4:28</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-310" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-310" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p203" data-pid="203" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/201/0">w84 9/15 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/201/2"> w72 172;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/201/4"> w71 430;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/201/6"> w63 205;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/201/7"> w53 184</a></p> <p id="p204" data-pid="204" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-9" data-section-citation="045009009045009009"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:9</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/310" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-311"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 18:10, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-311" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-311" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-10" data-section-citation="045009010045009010"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:10</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/311" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-312"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 25:21, 24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-312" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-312" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p204" data-pid="204" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/202/0">ad 597;</a><span class="ni"> w40 220</span></p> <p id="p205" data-pid="205" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-11" data-section-citation="045009011045009011"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:11</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p505" data-pid="505" class="se"></p> <p id="p506" data-pid="506" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/544/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 852,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/545/0"> 856</a></p> <div id="p507" data-pid="507"><p data-pid="507" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/546/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="507" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/546/0">10/15/2003, p. 29</a></p> </div><p id="p508" data-pid="508" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p163" data-pid="163" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/161/0">it-1 852,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/161/2"> 856;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/161/4"> w03 10/15 29;</a></p> <p id="p164" data-pid="164" class="sx"></p> <p id="p205" data-pid="205" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/0">po 93-94;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/2"> ts 58;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/4"> g74 2/8 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/6"> ad 597;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/7"> w62 219;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/8"> w53 185,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/203/9"> 255;</a><span class="ni"> w40 220</span></p> <p id="p206" data-pid="206" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-12" data-section-citation="045009012045009012"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:12</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/312" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-313"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 25:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-313" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-313" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p508" data-pid="508" class="se"></p> <p id="p509" data-pid="509" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/547/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 856</a></p> <div id="p510" data-pid="510"><p data-pid="510" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/548/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="510" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/548/0">10/15/2003, p. 29</a></p> </div><p id="p511" data-pid="511" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/549/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> p. 18</a></p> <p id="p512" data-pid="512" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p164" data-pid="164" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/162/0">it-1 856;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/162/2"> w03 10/15 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/162/4"> si 18;</a></p> <p id="p165" data-pid="165" class="sx"></p> <p id="p206" data-pid="206" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/204/0">po 93-94;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/204/2"> g74 2/8 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/204/4"> w73 497;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/204/6"> ad 597;</a><span class="ni"> rm 104;</span><span class="ni"> w40 220</span></p> <p id="p207" data-pid="207" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-13" data-section-citation="045009013045009013"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:13</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/313" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-314"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mal 1:2, 3; Heb 12:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-314" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-314" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p512" data-pid="512" class="se"></p> <p id="p513" data-pid="513" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/550/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 852,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/551/0"> 856</a></p> <p id="p514" data-pid="514" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p165" data-pid="165" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/163/0">it-1 852,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/163/2"> 856;</a></p> <p id="p166" data-pid="166" class="sx"></p> <p id="p207" data-pid="207" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/205/0">po 94;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/205/2"> ts 58-59;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/205/5"> w53 338;</a><span class="ni"> w43 189;</span><span class="ni"> w40 220;</span><span class="ni"> w39 170;</span><span class="ni"> s 46,</span><span class="ni"> 225;</span><span class="ni"> w37 339</span></p> <p id="p208" data-pid="208" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-14" data-section-citation="045009014045009014"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:14</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/314" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-315"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 32:4; Job 34:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-315" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-315" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p514" data-pid="514" class="se"></p> <p id="p515" data-pid="515" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/552/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 817</a></p> <p id="p516" data-pid="516" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p166" data-pid="166" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/164/0">it-1 817;</a></p> <p id="p167" data-pid="167" class="sx"></p> <p id="p208" data-pid="208" class="sx"><span class="ni">im 302;</span><span class="ni"> w39 170;</span><span class="ni"> s 226;</span><span class="ni"> w36 372</span></p> <p id="p209" data-pid="209" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-15" data-section-citation="045009015045009015"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:15</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/315" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-316"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 33:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-316" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-316" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p209" data-pid="209" class="sx"><span class="ni">w39 170;</span><span class="ni"> s 226;</span><span class="ni"> w38 55;</span><span class="ni"> w36 372</span></p> <p id="p210" data-pid="210" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-16" data-section-citation="045009016045009016"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:16</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p16" data-pid="16" class="s5"><strong>not on a person’s desire or on his effort:</strong> Lit., “not on the one who desires nor on the one who runs.” The literal expression “the one who runs” is here used figuratively to refer to one who exerts himself in striving toward a goal. In his letters, Paul often used the metaphor of a runner in a race. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/22/0" data-bid="23-1" class="b">1Co 9:24-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/22/1" data-bid="23-2" class="b"> Ga 5:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/22/2" data-bid="23-3" class="b"> Php 2:16</a>) When Paul discussed God’s choosing of spiritual Israel, he explained that those of natural Israel counted on their fleshly relationship with Abraham and their pursuit of “righteousness” through the Law of Moses. They had been running, or “pursuing” the goal of “righteousness,” in the wrong way. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/23/0" data-bid="24-1" class="b">Ro 9:30-32</a>) The members of the true “Israel” were to depend, not on their own efforts or achievements, but on God’s mercy. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/24/0" data-bid="25-1" class="b">Ro 9:6, 7</a>) They would need to exert themselves in service to God, but without God’s mercy their efforts would be in vain.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/316" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-317"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Tit 3:4, 5; 1Pe 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-317" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-317" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p516" data-pid="516" class="se"></p> <p id="p517" data-pid="517" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/553/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 827</a></p> <div id="p518" data-pid="518"><p data-pid="518" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/554/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="518" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/554/0">3/15/1991, p. 21</a></p> </div><p id="p519" data-pid="519" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p167" data-pid="167" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/165/0">it-2 827;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/165/2"> w91 3/15 21;</a></p> <p id="p168" data-pid="168" class="sx"></p> <p id="p210" data-pid="210" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/208/0">w78 2/15 26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/208/2"> w75 107;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/208/4"> w53 185;</a><span class="ni"> nh 165;</span><span class="ni"> w39 170;</span><span class="ni"> s 226;</span><span class="ni"> w36 372</span></p> <p id="p211" data-pid="211" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-17" data-section-citation="045009017045009017"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:17</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="s5"><strong>the scripture says to Pharaoh:</strong> In the words that follow, Paul quotes from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/26/0" data-bid="27-1" class="b">Ex 9:16</a>. The words are part of a message that Jehovah commanded Moses to tell Pharaoh of Egypt. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/27/0" data-bid="28-1" class="b">Ex 9:13-19</a>) However, Paul personifies “the scripture,” writing as if the scripture itself spoke these words directly to Pharaoh. Paul uses a similar personification at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/28/0" data-bid="29-1" class="b">Ro 3:19</a>, where he says: “All the things the Law says, it addresses to those under the Law.” The use of this figure of speech in these contexts is appropriate because the Hebrew Scriptures, including the Law, were recognized as God’s word—in effect, God was speaking. In a similar way, Jesus sometimes personified God’s holy spirit, saying that it “will teach” and “will bear witness.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/29/0" data-bid="30-1" class="b">Joh 14:26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/29/1" data-bid="30-2" class="b"> 15:26</a>.</p> <p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="s5"><strong>I have let you remain:</strong> Many translations render this expression “I have raised you up,” which may convey the idea that God put Pharaoh into office. However, Paul here quotes from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/30/0" data-bid="31-1" class="b">Ex 9:16</a>, where the context clarifies what is meant. When announcing the seventh plague, God said to Pharaoh: “By now I could have thrust my hand out to strike you . . . , and you would have been wiped out from the earth.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/31/0" data-bid="32-1" class="b">Ex 9:15</a>) But instead of striking Pharaoh, God chose to spare him, telling him: “I have kept you in existence [or “I have let you remain”; lit., “I have kept you standing”].” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/32/0" data-bid="33-1" class="b">Ex 9:16</a>) It is also worth noting that the Greek <em>Septuagint</em> translates Jehovah’s words to Pharaoh as “you have been preserved.” So both the Hebrew Scripture context and the <em>Septuagint</em> rendering support the idea that the Greek term at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/33/0" data-bid="34-1" class="b">Ro 9:17</a> means that God had let Pharaoh remain until God showed him His power.</p> <p id="p20" data-pid="20" class="s5"><strong>to have my name declared in all the earth:</strong> Paul here quotes from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/34/0" data-bid="35-1" class="b">Ex 9:16</a>. The words are part of what Jehovah instructed Moses to tell <strong>Pharaoh</strong> after the sixth plague. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/35/0" data-bid="36-1" class="b">Ex 9:8-15</a>) In the Bible, the word “name” at times stands for the person himself, his reputation, and all that he declares himself to be. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/36/0" data-bid="37-1" class="b">Ex 34:5, 6</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/4/0">study notes on Mt 6:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/5/0"> Joh 17:6,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/6/0"> 26</a>.) The Bible consistently emphasizes the sanctification and vindication of God’s name. For example, the psalmist prayed: “May people know that you, whose name is Jehovah, you alone are the Most High over all the earth.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/37/0" data-bid="38-1" class="b">Ps 83:18</a>) Over 50 times the book of Ezekiel states Jehovah’s words: People “will have to know that I am Jehovah.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/38/0" data-bid="39-1" class="b">Eze 6:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/38/1" data-bid="39-2" class="b"> 38:23</a>) Jesus taught his disciples to pray that God’s name be sanctified. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/39/0" data-bid="40-1" class="b">Mt 6:9</a>) The apostle Paul encouraged Christians to declare God’s name publicly (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/40/0" data-bid="41-1" class="b">Heb 13:15</a>), and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/41/0" data-bid="42-1" class="b">Re 15:4</a> raises the question: “Who will not really fear you, Jehovah, and glorify your name?”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/317" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-318"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 9:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-318" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-318" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p519" data-pid="519" class="se"></p> <p id="p520" data-pid="520" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/555/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> pp. 24-25</a></p> <p id="p521" data-pid="521" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p168" data-pid="168" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/166/0">si 24-25;</a></p> <p id="p169" data-pid="169" class="sx"></p> <p id="p211" data-pid="211" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/209/0">bw 115-116;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/209/3"> kj 360;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/209/4"> w65 361;</a><span class="ni"> im 306;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/209/6"> w54 466;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/209/7"> w53 179,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/209/8"> 185;</a><span class="ni"> nh 87;</span><span class="ni"> w34 357;</span><span class="ni"> w32 168</span></p> <p id="p212" data-pid="212" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-18" data-section-citation="045009018045009018"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:18</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/318" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-319"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 7:3; 9:12; 10:1; 14:4, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-319" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-319" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p521" data-pid="521" class="se"></p> <p id="p522" data-pid="522" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/556/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 857</a></p> <p id="p523" data-pid="523" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p169" data-pid="169" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/167/0">it-1 857;</a></p> <p id="p170" data-pid="170" class="sx"></p> <p id="p212" data-pid="212" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/210/0">ad 598;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/210/1"> w65 361;</a><span class="ni"> im 306;</span><span class="ni"> w48 361</span></p> <p id="p213" data-pid="213" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-20" data-section-citation="045009020045009020"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:20</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/319" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-320"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Job 40:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-320" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-320" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/320" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-321"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 29:16; 45:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-321" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-321" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p213" data-pid="213" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/211/0">w65 361;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/211/1"> w62 137;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/211/2"> w56 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/211/3"> w52 351;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/211/4"> w51 276;</a><span class="ni"> w48 358</span></p> <p id="p214" data-pid="214" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-21" data-section-citation="045009021045009021"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:21</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p22" data-pid="22" class="s5"><strong>the potter:</strong> A maker of earthenware pots, dishes, and other vessels. The Greek term <em>ke·ra·meusʹ</em> comes from a root meaning “to mix,” perhaps referring to the need to mix water with the soil or clay to prepare it for use. The Hebrew word for potter (<em>yoh·tserʹ</em>) literally means “former” or “one forming.” In the Hebrew Scriptures, the potter’s <strong>authority,</strong> or right, over the clay is used a number of times to illustrate God’s sovereignty over individuals and nations.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/43/0" data-bid="44-1" class="b">Isa 29:16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/43/1" data-bid="44-2" class="b"> 45:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/43/2" data-bid="44-3" class="b"> 64:8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/43/3" data-bid="44-4" class="b"> Jer 18:1-12</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/321" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-322"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 64:8; Jer 18:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-322" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-322" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p523" data-pid="523" class="se"></p> <p id="p524" data-pid="524" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/557/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 658</a></p> <div id="p525" data-pid="525"><p data-pid="525" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/558/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="525" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/558/0">6/15/2013, pp. 25-26</a></p><p data-pid="525" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/559/0">2/1/1999, p. 10</a></p> </div><p id="p526" data-pid="526" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p170" data-pid="170" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/168/0">it-2 658;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/168/2"> w13 6/15 25-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/168/4"> w99 2/1 10;</a></p> <p id="p171" data-pid="171" class="sx"></p> <p id="p214" data-pid="214" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/212/0">w65 361;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/212/1"> w53 344;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/212/2"> w51 276;</a><span class="ni"> w48 358</span></p> <p id="p215" data-pid="215" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-22" data-section-citation="045009022045009022"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:22</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p24" data-pid="24" class="s5"><strong>vessels:</strong> Here Paul continues to use the illustration of a potter. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/7/0">study note on Ro 9:21</a>.) The Greek word <em>skeuʹos</em> literally refers to a container of any kind. However, it is often used figuratively in the Scriptures to refer to people. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/45/0" data-bid="46-1" class="b">Ac 9:15</a>; ftn.; <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/46/0" data-bid="47-1" class="b">2Ti 2:20, 21</a>, ftns.) For example, Christians are compared to earthen vessels entrusted with a glorious treasure, the ministry. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/47/0" data-bid="48-1" class="b">2Co 4:1,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/47/1" data-bid="48-2" class="b"> 7</a>) In the context of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/48/0" data-bid="49-1" class="b">Ro 9:21-23</a>, God’s refraining from bringing immediate destruction on wicked people, <strong>vessels of wrath,</strong> serves to spare rightly disposed ones because it gives them time to be molded as “vessels of mercy.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/49/0" data-bid="50-1" class="b">Ro 9:23</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p526" data-pid="526" class="se"></p> <div id="p527" data-pid="527"><p data-pid="527" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/560/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="527" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/560/0">6/15/2013, p. 25</a></p><p data-pid="527" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/561/0">11/1/1991, p. 9</a></p><p data-pid="527" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/562/0">1/1/1990, p. 19</a></p> </div><p id="p528" data-pid="528" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/563/0"><em>Worship God,</em> pp. 63-65</a></p> <p id="p529" data-pid="529" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p171" data-pid="171" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/169/0">w13 6/15 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/169/2"> wt 63-64;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/169/6"> w91 11/1 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/169/8"> w90 1/1 19;</a></p> <p id="p172" data-pid="172" class="sx"></p> <p id="p215" data-pid="215" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/0">uw 58-59;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/3"> g83 11/8 10-11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/5"> bw 115-116;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/8"> w68 644;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/9"> w65 366,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/10"> 402;</a><span class="ni"> im 306,</span><span class="ni"> 308-309,</span><span class="ni"> 311;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/14"> w62 304,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/15"> 532;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/16"> w53 344;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/213/17"> w52 457;</a><span class="ni"> w47 211;</span><span class="ni"> w39 105;</span><span class="ni"> w36 100</span></p> <p id="p216" data-pid="216" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-23" data-section-citation="045009023045009023"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:23</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/322" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-323"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 2:4-7; 1Th 5:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-323" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-323" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p529" data-pid="529" class="se"></p> <p id="p530" data-pid="530" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/564/0"><em>Close to Jehovah,</em> pp. 288-289</a></p> <div id="p531" data-pid="531"><p data-pid="531" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/565/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="531" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/565/0">6/15/2013, p. 25</a></p><p data-pid="531" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/566/0">11/1/1991, p. 9</a></p><p data-pid="531" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/567/0">1/1/1990, p. 19</a></p> </div><p id="p532" data-pid="532" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/568/0"><em>Worship God,</em> pp. 63-65</a></p> <p id="p533" data-pid="533" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p172" data-pid="172" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/170/0">cl 288-289;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/170/2"> w13 6/15 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/170/4"> wt 63-65;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/170/8"> w91 11/1 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/170/10"> w90 1/1 19;</a></p> <p id="p173" data-pid="173" class="sx"></p> <p id="p216" data-pid="216" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/214/0">uw 58-59;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/214/4"> bw 115-118;</a><span class="ni"> im 306,</span><span class="ni"> 309,</span><span class="ni"> 311;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/214/12"> w53 344;</a><span class="ni"> w48 361;</span><span class="ni"> w47 211</span></p> <p id="p217" data-pid="217" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-24" data-section-citation="045009024045009024"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:24</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/323" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-324"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 11:13; Eph 3:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-324" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-324" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p533" data-pid="533" class="se"></p> <p id="p534" data-pid="534" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/569/0"><em>Worship God,</em> pp. 63-65</a></p> <p id="p535" data-pid="535" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p173" data-pid="173" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/171/0">wt 64-65;</a></p> <p id="p174" data-pid="174" class="sx"></p> <p id="p217" data-pid="217" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/215/0">uw 58-59;</a><span class="ni"> im 311;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/215/4"> w53 344</a></p> <p id="p218" data-pid="218" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-25" data-section-citation="045009025045009025"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:25</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/324" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-325"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 2:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-325" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-325" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/325" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-326"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ho 2:23; Mt 21:43; 1Pe 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-326" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-326" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p535" data-pid="535" class="se"></p> <p id="p536" data-pid="536" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/570/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 1234</a></p> <p id="p537" data-pid="537" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p174" data-pid="174" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/172/0">it-1 1234;</a></p> <p id="p175" data-pid="175" class="sx"></p> <p id="p218" data-pid="218" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/216/0">w81 1/15 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/216/2"> w76 145-146;</a><span class="ni"> g68 11/22 28;</span><span class="ni"> im 306;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/216/8"> w63 205</a></p> <p id="p219" data-pid="219" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-26" data-section-citation="045009026045009026"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:26</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/326" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-327"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ho 1:10; Ga 3:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-327" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-327" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p219" data-pid="219" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/217/0">w76 145,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/217/3"> 155-156;</a><span class="ni"> im 306;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/217/6"> w63 205</a></p> <p id="p220" data-pid="220" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-27" data-section-citation="045009027045009027"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:27</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p26" data-pid="26" class="s5"><strong>Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:</strong> Here and in the following verse, Paul quotes from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/51/0" data-bid="52-1" class="b">Isa 10:22, 23</a>. Those verses foretold what happened in 607 B.C.E. when Jehovah used the Babylonian Empire to execute judgment on Israel. The whole land, including Jerusalem, fell to the invader. The Jews were taken captive to Babylon for 70 years. After that, “only a remnant” returned to reestablish true worship in Jerusalem. Here in his letter to the Romans, Paul shows that this prophecy had a further fulfillment in the first century C.E. At that time, a relatively small number of Jews, “a remnant,” became followers of Jesus and returned to Jehovah in a spiritual sense. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/52/0" data-bid="53-1" class="b">Ro 11:4, 5</a>) These were later joined by believing Gentiles, making up a spiritual nation, “the Israel of God.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/53/0" data-bid="54-1" class="b">Ga 6:16</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/327" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-328"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ho 1:10; Ro 11:4, 5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-328" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-328" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p537" data-pid="537" class="se"></p> <p id="p538" data-pid="538" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/571/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 770</a></p> <p id="p539" data-pid="539" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p175" data-pid="175" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/173/0">it-2 770;</a></p> <p id="p176" data-pid="176" class="sx"></p> <p id="p220" data-pid="220" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/218/0">w84 9/15 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/218/2"> w83 8/15 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/218/4"> w74 695;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/218/6"> w72 173;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/218/8"> w70 53;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/218/10"> w59 134</a></p> <p id="p221" data-pid="221" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-28" data-section-citation="045009028045009028"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:28</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="s5"><strong>Jehovah:</strong> In this quote from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/55/0" data-bid="56-1" class="b">Isa 10:23</a>, the divine name, represented by four Hebrew consonants (transliterated <em>YHWH</em>), occurs in the original Hebrew text.—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/1">App. C</a>.</p> <p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="s5"><strong>concluding it and cutting it short:</strong> Or “executing it completely and speedily.” Paul here quotes from the <em>Septuagint</em> version of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/56/0" data-bid="57-1" class="b">Isa 10:22, 23</a>. This prophecy was fulfilled on Jerusalem both in 607 B.C.E. and in 70 C.E. when Jehovah executed judgment completely and speedily.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/328" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-329"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 10:22, 23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-329" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-329" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p221" data-pid="221" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/219/0">w70 53;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/219/2"> w59 134;</a><span class="ni"> w48 364;</span><span class="ni"> w40 312;</span><span class="ni"> w33 73</span></p> <p id="p222" data-pid="222" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-29" data-section-citation="045009029045009029"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:29</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="s5"><strong>Jehovah:</strong> In this quote from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/58/0" data-bid="59-1" class="b">Isa 1:9</a>, the divine name, represented by four Hebrew consonants (transliterated <em>YHWH</em>), occurs in the original Hebrew text.—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/2">App. C</a>.</p> <p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="s5"><strong>Jehovah of armies:</strong> This expression has its background in the Hebrew Scriptures, where it occurs 283 times (with some variations), starting at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/59/0" data-bid="60-1" class="b">1Sa 1:3</a>. It is a combination of the Tetragrammaton and the Hebrew word for “armies,” <em>tseva·ʼohthʹ.</em> The Greek equivalent of this expression occurs twice in the Christian Greek Scriptures, here and at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/60/0" data-bid="61-1" class="b">Jas 5:4</a>. Both Paul and James quote or allude to prophecies in the Hebrew Scriptures. In these two cases, the Hebrew word <em>tseva·ʼohthʹ,</em> “armies,” is transliterated <em>Sa·ba·othʹ</em> in Greek. Although Greek manuscripts literally read “Lord Sabaoth” (Greek, <em>Kyʹri·os Sa·ba·othʹ</em>), one lexicon says that <em>Sa·ba·othʹ</em> is used “in a name applied to God . . . =יהוה צְבָאוֹת [<em>YHWH tseva·ʼohthʹ</em>] <em>Yahweh Lord of the Armies, Lord of Hosts.”</em> (<em>A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature,</em> Third Edition) Further reasons why the <em>New World Translation</em> uses the name Jehovah in the main text are explained in <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/3">App. C1</a>.</p> <p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="s5"><strong>armies:</strong> Or “heavenly armies.” The Greek term <em>Sa·ba·othʹ</em> is a transliteration of the Hebrew word <em>tseva·ʼohthʹ,</em> the plural form of <em>tsa·vaʼʹ,</em> which basically means a literal army of soldiers, or combat forces. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/61/0" data-bid="62-1" class="b">Ge 21:22;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/61/1" data-bid="62-2" class="b"> De 20:9</a>; see study note on <strong>Jehovah of armies</strong> in this verse.) It appears that the “armies” signified are primarily, if not exclusively, the angelic forces. The expression “Jehovah of armies” thus conveys the sense of power held by the Sovereign Ruler of the universe, who has at his command vast forces of spirit creatures. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/62/0" data-bid="63-1" class="b">Ps 103:20, 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/62/1" data-bid="63-2" class="b"> 148:1, 2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/62/2" data-bid="63-3" class="b"> Isa 1:24;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/62/3" data-bid="63-4" class="b"> Jer 32:17, 18</a>) However, some suggest that the “armies” in the expression “Jehovah of armies” include not only the angelic forces but also the Israelite army and the inanimate heavenly bodies.</p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="s5"><strong>offspring:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/8/0">study note on Ro 9:7</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/329" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-330"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 1:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-330" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-330" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p539" data-pid="539" class="se"></p> <p id="p540" data-pid="540" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/572/0"><em>Bible Questions Answered,</em> article 125</a></p> <p id="p541" data-pid="541" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/573/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 770</a></p> <p id="p542" data-pid="542" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/574/0"><em>Isaiah’s Prophecy I,</em> p. 21</a></p> <p id="p543" data-pid="543" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p176" data-pid="176" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/174/0">ijwbq article 125;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/174/2"> it-2 770;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/174/4"> ip-1 21;</a></p> <p id="p177" data-pid="177" class="sx"></p> <p id="p222" data-pid="222" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/220/0">w84 9/15 11</a></p> <p id="p223" data-pid="223" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-30" data-section-citation="045009030045009030"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:30</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/330" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-331"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:20</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-331" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-331" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/331" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-332"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:11; Php 3:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-332" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-332" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p223" data-pid="223" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/221/0">w74 17</a></p> <p id="p224" data-pid="224" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-31" data-section-citation="045009031045009031"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:31</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p224" data-pid="224" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/222/0">w74 17;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/222/3"> w64 650;</a><span class="ni"> w45 121</span></p> <p id="p225" data-pid="225" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-32" data-section-citation="045009032045009032"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:32</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/332" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-333"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 8:14; Lu 20:17, 18; 1Co 1:23; 1Pe 2:7, 8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-333" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-333" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p225" data-pid="225" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/223/0">w74 17;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/223/2"> w72 443;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/223/4"> w71 430;</a><span class="ni"> im 247;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/223/7"> w64 650;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/223/8"> w63 214;</a><span class="ni"> ns 263;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/223/10"> w51 346;</a><span class="ni"> w45 121</span></p> <p id="p226" data-pid="226" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="45-9-33" data-section-citation="045009033045009033"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Romans 9:33</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="s5"><strong>on it:</strong> That is, on the symbolic <strong>stone</strong> mentioned at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/64/0" data-bid="65-1" class="b">Isa 28:16</a>, from which Paul is quoting. The stone refers to Jesus Christ, which is evident from the way Isaiah’s prophecy is applied at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/65/0" data-bid="66-1" class="b">Ro 10:11</a> and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/66/0" data-bid="67-1" class="b">1Pe 2:6</a>. So the Greek pronoun used here could also be rendered “him.” That is how it is rendered at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/67/0" data-bid="68-1" class="b">Ro 10:11</a>, where Paul quotes part of the same prophecy from Isaiah but does not mention the “stone.” Thus the inspired words of Isaiah, Paul, and Peter provide a guarantee that putting faith in Jesus will not lead to disappointment.</p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="s5"><strong>will not be disappointed:</strong> Paul here quotes from the <em>Septuagint</em> version of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/68/0" data-bid="69-1" class="b">Isa 28:16</a>. The Greek phrase basically means “will not be ashamed (put to shame).” This emphasizes that those who exercise faith in Jesus Christ, the symbolic stone mentioned in Isaiah’s prophecy, will not experience the shame and disappointment of those whose faith is shown to be in vain. The same expression is used at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/69/0" data-bid="70-1" class="b">Ro 10:11</a> and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070726/70/0" data-bid="71-1" class="b">1Pe 2:6</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/333" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-334"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ps 118:22; Mt 21:42</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-334" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-334" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/334" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-335"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 28:16; Ro 10:11; 1Pe 2:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-335" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-335" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p543" data-pid="543" class="se"></p> <p id="p544" data-pid="544" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204435/575/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 1236</a></p> <p id="p545" data-pid="545" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p177" data-pid="177" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270045/175/0">it-2 1236;</a></p> <p id="p178" data-pid="178" class="sx"></p> <p id="p226" data-pid="226" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/224/0">w74 17;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/224/2"> w66 29;</a><span class="ni"> im 247;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/224/4"> w64 650;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/224/5"> w63 214;</a><span class="ni"> bf 429;</span><span class="ni"> ns 263;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020045/224/8"> w51 346;</a><span class="ni"> w45 118,</span><span class="ni"> 121</span></p> <p id="p227" data-pid="227" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div id="studyParallel" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section"> <h3 class="title">Parallel Translations</h3> <div class="helpText">Click a verse number to display parallel Bible verses.</div> <div class="parallel"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="extract"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyMarginals" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section marginalsQuotation"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">Quotation</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/307/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-308-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 21:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-308-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-308-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/310/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-311-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 18:10, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-311-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-311-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/312/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-313-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 25:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-313-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-313-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/313/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-314-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mal 1:2, 3</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-314-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-314-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/315/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-316-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 33:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-316-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-316-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/317/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-318-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:17</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 9:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-318-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-318-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/325/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-326-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:25</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ho 2:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-326-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-326-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/326/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-327-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:26</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ho 1:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-327-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-327-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/328/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-329-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:28</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 10:22, 23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-329-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-329-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/329/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-330-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:29</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 1:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-330-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-330-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/332/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-333-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:32</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 8:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-333-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-333-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/334/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-335-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:33</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 28:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-335-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-335-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="section marginalsGeneral"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">General</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/298/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-299-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:4</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 4:22</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-299-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-299-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/299/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-300-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:4</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 3:25; 7:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-300-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-300-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/300/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-301-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:4</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 24:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-301-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-301-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/301/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-302-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:4</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 26:7; Heb 9:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-302-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-302-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/302/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-303-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:4</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-303-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-303-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/303/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-304-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 10:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-304-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-304-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/304/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-305-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 1:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-305-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-305-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/305/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-306-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 2:28; Re 2:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-306-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-306-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/306/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-307-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 8:39; Ga 3:29</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-307-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-307-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/307/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-308-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 11:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-308-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-308-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/308/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-309-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 1:12, 13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-309-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-309-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/309/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-310-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 4:28</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-310-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-310-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/311/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-312-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 25:21, 24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-312-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-312-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/313/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-314-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 12:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-314-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-314-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/314/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-315-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 32:4; Job 34:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-315-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-315-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/316/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-317-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:16</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Tit 3:4, 5; 1Pe 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-317-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-317-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/318/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-319-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:18</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 7:3; 9:12; 10:1; 14:4, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-319-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-319-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/319/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-320-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:20</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Job 40:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-320-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-320-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/320/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-321-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:20</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 29:16; 45:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-321-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-321-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/321/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-322-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:21</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 64:8; Jer 18:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-322-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-322-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/322/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-323-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:23</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 2:4-7; 1Th 5:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-323-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-323-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/323/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-324-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:24</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 11:13; Eph 3:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-324-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-324-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/324/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-325-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:25</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 2:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-325-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-325-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/325/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-326-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:25</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 21:43; 1Pe 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-326-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-326-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/326/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-327-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:26</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 3:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-327-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-327-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/327/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-328-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:27</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ho 1:10; Ro 11:4, 5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-328-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-328-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/330/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-331-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:30</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:20</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-331-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-331-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/331/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-332-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:30</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:11; Php 3:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-332-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-332-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/332/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-333-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:32</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Lu 20:17, 18; 1Co 1:23; 1Pe 2:7, 8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-333-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-333-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/333/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-334-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:33</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ps 118:22; Mt 21:42</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-334-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-334-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45/9/334/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-335-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Rom. 9:33</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:11; 1Pe 2:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-335-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-335-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyPaneGalleryModel" class="jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr"> <div id="galleryModalContainer" class="underlay full fadeOut"> <div id="galleryModal"> <div class="header"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="galleryHeaderButtons"> <div class="galleryPlayCaption"> <div class="galleryBtn playPauseBtn hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> </div> <div class="galleryView"> <a href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/45" 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9:1-33</div> </div> <div id="content" class="content"> <div class="articlePositioner" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div id="banner" class="documentBanner showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> </div> <article id="article" class="article bible html5 pub-nwtsty jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr includeSecondaryNav" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" role="article"> <div class="scalableui"> <header> <h1>To the Romans</h1> </header> <p id="p48" data-pid="48" class="sb"><span id="v45-9-1-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28248" class="cl vx vp"><strong>9</strong> </a>I am telling the truth in Christ; I am not lying, as my conscience bears witness with me in holy spirit, </span><span id="v45-9-2-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28249" class="vl vx vp">2 </a>that I have great grief and unceasing pain in my heart. </span><span id="v45-9-3-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28250" class="vl vx vp study">3 </a>For I could wish that I myself were separated from the Christ as the cursed one for the sake of my brothers, my relatives according to the flesh, </span><span id="v45-9-4-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28251" class="vl vx vp study">4 </a>who are Israelites. To them belong the adoption as sons<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/298" data-bid="299-1" class="b">+</a> and the glory and the covenants<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/299" data-bid="300-1" class="b">+</a> and the giving of the Law<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/300" data-bid="301-1" class="b">+</a> and the sacred service<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/301" data-bid="302-1" class="b">+</a> and the promises.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/302" data-bid="303-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-5-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28252" class="vl vx vp study">5 </a>To them the forefathers belong,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/303" data-bid="304-1" class="b">+</a> and from them the Christ descended according to the flesh.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/304" data-bid="305-1" class="b">+</a> God, who is over all, be praised forever. Amen.</span></p> <p id="p49" data-pid="49" class="sb"><span id="v45-9-6-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28253" class="vl vx vp">6 </a>However, it is not as though the word of God has failed. For not all who descend from Israel are really “Israel.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/305" data-bid="306-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-7-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28254" class="vl vx vp study">7 </a>Neither are they all children because they are Abraham’s offspring;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/306" data-bid="307-1" class="b">+</a> rather, “What will be called your offspring will be through Isaac.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/307" data-bid="308-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-8-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28255" class="vl vx vp study">8 </a>That is, the children in the flesh are not really the children of God,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/308" data-bid="309-1" class="b">+</a> but the children by the promise<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/309" data-bid="310-1" class="b">+</a> are counted as the offspring. </span><span id="v45-9-9-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28256" class="vl vp">9 </a>For the word of promise was as follows: “At this time I will come and Sarah will have a son.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/310" data-bid="311-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-10-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28257" class="vl vx vp">10 </a>Not only then but also when Re·bekʹah conceived twins from the one man, Isaac our forefather;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/311" data-bid="312-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-11-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28258" class="vl vx vp">11 </a>for when they had not yet been born and had not practiced anything good or bad, so that God’s purpose respecting the choosing might continue dependent, not on works, but on the One who calls, </span><span id="v45-9-12-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28259" class="vl vx vp">12 </a>it was said to her: “The older will be the slave of the younger.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/312" data-bid="313-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-13-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28260" class="vl vx vp">13 </a>Just as it is written: “I loved Jacob, but Eʹsau I hated.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/313" data-bid="314-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p50" data-pid="50" class="sb"><span id="v45-9-14-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28261" class="vl vx vp">14 </a>What are we to say, then? Is there injustice with God? Certainly not!<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/314" data-bid="315-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-15-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28262" class="vl vx vp">15 </a>For he says to Moses: “I will show mercy to whomever I will show mercy, and I will show compassion to whomever I will show compassion.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/315" data-bid="316-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-16-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28263" class="vl vx vp study">16 </a>So, then, it depends, not on a person’s desire or on his effort, but on God, who has mercy.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/316" data-bid="317-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-17-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28264" class="vl vx vp study">17 </a>For the scripture says to Pharʹaoh: “For this very reason I have let you remain: to show my power in connection with you and to have my name declared in all the earth.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/317" data-bid="318-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-18-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28265" class="vl vx vp">18 </a>So, then, he has mercy on whomever he wishes, but he lets whomever he wishes become obstinate.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/318" data-bid="319-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p51" data-pid="51" class="sb"><span id="v45-9-19-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28266" class="vl vp">19 </a>You will therefore say to me: “Why does he still find fault? For who has withstood his will?” </span><span id="v45-9-20-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28267" class="vl vx vp">20 </a>But who are you, O man, to be answering back to God?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/319" data-bid="320-1" class="b">+</a> Does the thing molded say to its molder: “Why did you make me this way?”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/320" data-bid="321-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-21-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28268" class="vl vx vp study">21 </a>What? Does not the potter have authority over the clay<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/321" data-bid="322-1" class="b">+</a> to make from the same lump one vessel for an honorable use, another for a dishonorable use? </span><span id="v45-9-22-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28269" class="vl vx vp study">22 </a>What, then, if God had the will to demonstrate his wrath and to make his power known, and he tolerated with much patience vessels of wrath made fit for destruction? </span><span id="v45-9-23-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28270" class="vl vx vp">23 </a>And if this was done to make known the riches of his glory on vessels of mercy,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/322" data-bid="323-1" class="b">+</a> which he prepared beforehand for glory, </span><span id="v45-9-24-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28271" class="vl vx vp">24 </a>namely, us, whom he called not only from among Jews but also from among nations,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/323" data-bid="324-1" class="b">+</a> what of it? </span><span id="v45-9-25-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28272" class="vl vx vp">25 </a>It is as he says also in Ho·seʹa: “Those not my people<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/324" data-bid="325-1" class="b">+</a> I will call ‘my people,’ and her who was not loved, ‘beloved’;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/325" data-bid="326-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-26-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28273" class="vl vx vp">26 </a>and in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’ there they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/326" data-bid="327-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p52" data-pid="52" class="sb"><span id="v45-9-27-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28274" class="vl vx vp study">27 </a>Moreover, Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Although the number of the sons of Israel may be as the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/327" data-bid="328-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-28-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28275" class="vl vx vp study">28 </a>For Jehovah will make an accounting on the earth, concluding it and cutting it short.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/328" data-bid="329-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-29-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28276" class="vl vx vp study">29 </a>Also, just as Isaiah foretold: “Unless Jehovah of armies had left an offspring to us, we should have become just like Sodʹom, and we should have resembled Go·morʹrah.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/329" data-bid="330-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p53" data-pid="53" class="sb"><span id="v45-9-30-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28277" class="vl vx vp">30 </a>What are we to say, then? That people of the nations, although not pursuing righteousness, attained righteousness,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/330" data-bid="331-1" class="b">+</a> the righteousness that results from faith;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/331" data-bid="332-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-31-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28278" class="vl vx vp">31 </a>but Israel, although pursuing a law of righteousness, did not attain to that law. </span><span id="v45-9-32-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28279" class="vl vx vp">32 </a>For what reason? Because they pursued it, not by faith, but as by works. They stumbled over the “stone of stumbling”;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070149/332" data-bid="333-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v45-9-33-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070149/28280" class="vl vx vp study">33 </a>as it is written: “Look! 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