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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Дарвинизмът_през_19_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дарвинизмът_през_19_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Дарвинизмът през 19 век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дарвинизмът_през_19_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Дарвинизъм</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 58 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismo" title="Darwinismo – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Darwinismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="داروينية – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داروينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinismu" title="Darvinismu – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Darvinismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinizm" title="Darvinizm – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Darvinizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismus" title="Darwinismus – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Darwinismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismus" title="Darwinismus – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Darwinismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δαρβινισμός – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δαρβινισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Darwinism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinismo" title="Darvinismo – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Darvinismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismo" title="Darwinismo – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Darwinismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinism" title="Darvinism – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Darvinism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismo" title="Darwinismo – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Darwinismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="داروینیسم – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داروینیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinismi" title="Darvinismi – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Darvinismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismo" title="Darwinismo – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Darwinismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="דרוויניזם – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרוויניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="डार्विनवाद – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डार्विनवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinizam" title="Darvinizam – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Darvinizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinizmus" title="Darwinizmus – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Darwinizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Դարվինիզմ – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դարվինիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%B3unarkenning_Darwins" title="Þróunarkenning Darwins – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þróunarkenning Darwins" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismo" title="Darwinismo – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Darwinismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ダーウィニズム – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダーウィニズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დარვინიზმი – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დარვინიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дарвинизм – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дарвинизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%88%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="다윈주의 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다윈주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дарвинизм – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дарвинизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismus" title="Darwinismus – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Darwinismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinizmas" title="Darvinizmas – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Darvinizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дарвинизам – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дарвинизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinisme" title="Darwinisme – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Darwinisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinizm" title="Darwinizm – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Darwinizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ډاروینیزم – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډاروینیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinismo" title="Darwinismo – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Darwinismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дарвинизм – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарвинизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="जीवविकासवादः – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जीवविकासवादः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Darwinism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinizmus" title="Darvinizmus – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Darvinizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinizem" title="Darvinizem – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Darvinizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дарвинизам – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дарвинизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Darwinism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="டார்வினியவாதம் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டார்வினியவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="డార్విన్ జీవపరిణామ సిద్ధాంతం – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డార్విన్ జీవపరిణామ సిద్ధాంతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дарвинизм – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дарвинизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinizm." title="Darwinizm. – туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Darwinizm." data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinizm" title="Darwinizm – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Darwinizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дарвінізм – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дарвінізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ڈارونیت – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈارونیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvinizm" title="Darvinizm – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Darvinizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_thuy%E1%BA%BFt_Darwin" title="Học thuyết Darwin – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Học thuyết Darwin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="達爾文主義 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達爾文主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183493#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>Изтегляне като PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Darwinism" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183493" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><p><b>Дарвинизъм</b> е термин, който обединява множество идейни течения или концепции, свързани с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Трансмутация на видовете">трансмутацията на видовете</a> или с <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Еволюция">еволюцията</a>, включващи и такива, които нямат нищо общо с трудовете на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин">Чарлз Дарвин</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-antidarwinian_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antidarwinian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EOflunks_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOflunks-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GalacticDarwinism_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GalacticDarwinism-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Под Дарвинизъм се разбират различни неща в зависимост от историческия контекст, като особено значение има кой употребява термина.<sup id="cite_ref-whatis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Терминът е употребен за пръв път от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Томас Хъксли">Томас Хъксли</a> през април 1860 г.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Тогава е използван с цел описание на идеи, свързани с еволюцията, сред които и идеите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81" title="Томас Малтус">Томас Малтус</a> и на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Хърбърт Спенсър">Хърбърт Спенсър</a>. В края на 19 век терминът се свързва само с идеята, че <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Естествен подбор">естественият подбор</a> е единственият еволюционен механизъм в противовес на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ламаркизъм (страницата не съществува)">ламаркизма</a>. Дарвинизъм в този му смисъл бива временно изместен като научно обяснение на еволюцията от <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Закони на Мендел">менделизма</a>, докато не се осъществява обединение на двете теории в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Синтезирана теория за еволюцията">съвременната еволюционна теория</a>. Във времето след тяхното обединение, дарвинизмът се свързва понякога със специални идеи<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Терминът „дарвинизъм“ продължава и днес да се употребява в научните среди, но с времето все повече се счита на неподходящ за описание на съвременната теория за еволюцията.<sup id="cite_ref-howto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Дарвин например е бил незапознат с трудовете на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Грегор Мендел">Грегор Мендел</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, поради което е имал само бегла и неточна представа за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Наследственост">наследствеността</a>, а за <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84" title="Генетичен дрейф">генетичния дрейф</a> не е имал никаква представа<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. В наши дни, особено в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати">Съединените щати</a>, терминът „дарвинизъм“ често се използва от поддръжниците на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Креационизъм">креационизма</a> като пейоративен термин.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дарвинизмът_през_19_век"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC.D1.8A.D1.82_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B7_19_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>Дарвинизмът през 19 век</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Дарвинизмът през 19 век" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Дарвинизмът през 19 век"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Най-напред с „дарвинизъм“ се означават трудовете на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Еразмус Дарвин (страницата не съществува)">Еразмус Дарвин</a> от края на 18 век. Днес обаче обикновено се счита, че терминът влиза в употреба през 1860 г., когато <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Томас Хъксли">Томас Хъксли</a> прави рецензия в списание <i>Уестминстър ривю</i> на публикувания през 1859 г. труд на Чарлз Дарвин <i>„<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Произход на видовете">Произход на видовете</a>“</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хъксли приветства книгата като „истинско оръжие в арсенала на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Либерализъм">либерализма</a>“, чрез което <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Натурализъм (философия) (страницата не съществува)">научния натурализъм</a> се издига над <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Теология">теологията</a>. Хъксли възхвалява полезността от идеите на Дарвин, като същевременно изразява резерви относно дарвиновия <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Градуализъм">градуализъм</a> и съмнявайки се, че може да се докаже, че <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Естествен отбор">естественият отбор</a> може да доведе до образуване на нови видове.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хъксли дори сравнява приноса на Дарвин с този на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Николай Коперник">Коперник</a> за движението на планетите.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Скоро дарвинизмът се превръща в сборно понятие за поредица еволюционни (а често и революционни) концепции и в областта на биологията, и в областта на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Социология">социологията</a>. Един от най-известните примери за разширяване на значението на термина „дарвинизъм“ се обобщава в израза „<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Оцеляване на най-приспособения">оцеляване на най-приспособения</a>“, чийто автор е философът <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Хърбърт Спенсър">Хърбърт Спенсър</a>. Този израз впоследствие се превръща в емблема на дарвинизма, въпреки че собственото разбиране на Спенсър за еволюцията се доближава по-скоро до това на <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Жан-Батист Ламарк">Жан-Батист Ламарк</a>, отколкото до това на Дарвин, а освен това и предхожда публикуването на теорията на Дарвин. Това, което днес се нарича „<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Социален дарвинизъм">социален дарвинизъм</a>“ – или прилагането на дарвиновите принципи в „борбата“ (за оцеляване) в едно общество, е било по онова време синоним на дарвинизма. Идеите на социалния дарвинизъм са били противопоставяни на политическата сцена на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Филантропия">филантропските</a>. Друга интерпретация от това време, подкрепяна от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Френсис Галтън">Френсис Галтън</a>, полубратовчед на Дарвин, е че понеже естественият отбор вече не играел роля в „цивилизованите“ общества, било възможно „нисшите“ прослойки (които иначе естествено биха били елиминирани като гени) да вземе надмощие над „висшите“. Галтън стига по този начин до идеята, че са необходими целенасочени мерки за коригиране на тази тенденция, с което основава <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евгеника">евгениката</a>. </p><p>По времето на Дарвин не съществува конкретна дефиниция на „дарвинизма“ и бива използвана от противници и поддръжници на биологичната теория на Дарвин в произволно значение в твърде широк контекст. Тези вторични идеи имат международен резонанс. <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ернст Хекел">Ернст Хекел</a> развива теза, позната в Германия като „дарвинизъм“ (<i>Darwinismus</i>), която обаче има повърхностна прилика с теорията на Чарлз Дарвин, като в центъра ѝ въобще не лежи естествения отбор. </p><p>Днес се смята погрешно, че реакциите срещу идеите на Дарвин са възникнали и са се разпространили по същото време. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81" title="Алфред Ръсел Уолъс">Алфред Ръсел Уолъс</a>, съавтор на идеята за естествения отбор, изнася през 1886 г. серия от лекции на тема „дарвинизъм“ в Съединените щати, започвайки от Ню Йорк и продължавайки през Бостън, Вашингтон, Канзас, Айова и Небраска и стигайки до Калифорния, без да срещне особена опозиция.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-antidarwinian-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-antidarwinian_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTalkOrigins_Archive1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">John Wilkins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toarchive.org/faqs/anti-darwin.html">How to be Anti-Darwinian</a> //   TalkOrigins Archive, 1998. Посетен на 19 юни 2008.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOflunks-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EOflunks_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Center_for_Science_Education" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220022015/http://www.expelledexposed.com/index.php/contest/on-what-evolution-explains">Expelled Exposed: Why Expelled Flunks » …on what evolution explains</a> //   National Center for Science Education.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expelledexposed.com/index.php/contest/on-what-evolution-explains">оригинала</a> на 2008-12-20. Посетен на 22 декември 2008.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GalacticDarwinism-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GalacticDarwinism_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF9_декември_2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Публикация на European Southern Observatory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/news/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2169&theme=Printer">Galactic Darwinism:: Astrobiology Magazine – earth science – evolution distribution Origin of life universe – life beyond:: Astrobiology is study of earth science evolution distribution Origin of life in universe terrestrial</a> //   9 декември 2006. Посетен на 22 декември 2008.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whatis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-whatis_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTalkOrigins_Archive" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Joel Hanes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toarchive.org/faqs/darwinism.html">What is Darwinism?</a> //   TalkOrigins Archive. Посетен на 19 юни 2008.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huxley, T.H. (April 1860). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A32&pageseq=29">ART. VIII. – Darwin on the origin of Species</a></i>. Westminster Review. 541 – 70. Посетен на 2008-06-19. „What if the orbit of Darwinism should be a little too circular?“</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joel Hanes. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toarchive.org/faqs/darwinism.html">What is Darwinism?</a><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></i>. TalkOrigins Archive. Посетен на 2008-06-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-howto_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTalkOrigins_Archive1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">John Wilkins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toarchive.org/faqs/anti-darwin.html">How to be Anti-Darwinian</a> //   TalkOrigins Archive, 1998. Посетен на 27 юни 2008.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRuse2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Ruse, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SHWaeRiRD-cC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22michael+ruse%22+darwinism&as_brr=3&ei=SsmASKL-KKPujAGoxr29Aw&client=firefox-a&sig=ACfU3U3SsNf1LQuIA6Ytad6taCFWR1IA8A#PPA293,M1">Darwin and Design: Does Evolution Have a Purpose?</a>.  Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0674016319" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0674016319</a>. с. 293. Посетен на 18 юли 2008.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times15_юли_2008,_6:48_pm" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Olivia Judson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105044340/https://judson.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/lets-get-rid-of-darwinism/">Let’s Get Rid of Darwinism</a> //   New York Times, 15 юли 2008, 6:48 pm.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judson.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/lets-get-rid-of-darwinism/">оригинала</a> на 2017-11-05. Посетен на 2009-02-22.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sclater, Andrew (June 2006). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/w112307246x77t37/">The extent of Charles Darwin’s knowledge of Mendel</a><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></i>. Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore, India: Springer India / Indian Academy of Sciences) 31 (2): 191 – 193. doi:10.1007/BF02703910. Посетен на 2009/01/03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurence Moran (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toarchive.org/faqs/genetic-drift.html">Random Genetic Drift</a><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup>. TalkOrigins Archive. Посетен на 2008-06-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sullivan, M (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.impactpress.com/articles/spring05/sullivanspring05.html">From the Beagle to the School Board: God Goes Back to School</a>. Impact Press. Посетен на 2008-09-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/guide4.html">The Huxley File § 4 Darwin's Bulldog</a>. Посетен на 2008-06-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"># Browne, E. Janet (2002), Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place, London: Jonathan Cape, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0712668373" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7126-6837-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huxley, T.H. (April 1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A32&pageseq=29">ART. VIII. – Darwin on the origin of Species</a>. Westminster Review. 541 – 70. Посетен на 19 юни 2008. „What if the orbit of Darwinism should be a little too circular?“</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml">Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin – Speaking of Faith from American Public Media</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222020720/http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2008-12-22 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 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