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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: indium recycling</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: indium recycling"> <meta name="keywords" content="indium recycling"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="indium recycling"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 670</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: indium recycling</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> A Simple Chemical Approach to Regenerating Strength of Thermally Recycled Glass Fibre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sairah%20Bashir">Sairah Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Yang"> Liu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Liggat"> John Liggat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Thomason"> James Thomason</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glass fibre is currently used as reinforcement in over 90% of all fibre-reinforced composites produced. The high rigidity and chemical resistance of these composites are required for optimum performance but unfortunately results in poor recyclability; when such materials are no longer fit for purpose, they are frequently deposited in landfill sites. Recycling technologies, for example, thermal treatment, can be employed to address this issue; temperatures typically between 450 and 600 °C are required to allow degradation of the rigid polymeric matrix and subsequent extraction of fibrous reinforcement. However, due to the severe thermal conditions utilised in the recycling procedure, glass fibres become too weak for reprocessing in second-life composite materials. In addition, more stringent legislation is being put in place regarding disposal of composite waste, and so it is becoming increasingly important to develop long-term recycling solutions for such materials. In particular, the development of a cost-effective method to regenerate strength of thermally recycled glass fibres will have a positive environmental effect as a reduced volume of composite material will be destined for landfill. This research study has demonstrated the positive impact of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, prepared at relatively mild temperatures and at concentrations of 1.5 M and above, on the strength of heat-treated glass fibres. As a result, alkaline treatments can potentially be implemented to glass fibres that are recycled from composite waste to allow their reuse in second-life materials. The optimisation of the strength recovery process is being conducted by varying certain reaction parameters such as molarity of alkaline solution and treatment time. It is believed that deep V-shaped surface flaws exist commonly on severely damaged fibre surfaces and are effectively removed to form smooth, U-shaped structures following alkaline treatment. Although these surface flaws are believed to be present on glass fibres they have not in fact been observed, however, they have recently been discovered in this research investigation through analytical techniques such as AFM (atomic force microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Reaction conditions such as molarity of alkaline solution affect the degree of etching of the glass fibre surface, and therefore the extent to which fibre strength is recovered. A novel method in determining the etching rate of glass fibres after alkaline treatment has been developed, and the data acquired can be correlated with strength. By varying reaction conditions such as alkaline solution temperature and molarity, the activation energy of the glass etching process and the reaction order can be calculated respectively. The promising results obtained from NaOH and KOH treatments have opened an exciting route to strength regeneration of thermally recycled glass fibres, and the optimisation of the alkaline treatment process is being continued in order to produce recycled fibres with properties that match original glass fibre products. The reuse of such glass filaments indicates that closed-loop recycling of glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRC) waste can be achieved. In fact, the development of a closed-loop recycling process for GFRC waste is already underway in this research study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20fibers" title="glass fibers">glass fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20strengthening" title=" glass strengthening"> glass strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20structure%20and%20properties" title=" glass structure and properties"> glass structure and properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20reactions%20and%20corrosion" title=" surface reactions and corrosion"> surface reactions and corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72974/a-simple-chemical-approach-to-regenerating-strength-of-thermally-recycled-glass-fibre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> How to Improve the Environmental Performance in a HEI in Mexico, an EEA Adaptation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Aguirre%20Moreno">Stephanie Aguirre Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jes%C3%BAs%20Everardo%20Olgu%C3%ADn%20Tiznado"> Jesús Everardo Olguín Tiznado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Camargo%20Wilson"> Claudia Camargo Wilson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Andr%C3%A9s%20L%C3%B3pez%20Barreras"> Juan Andrés López Barreras </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work presents a proposal to evaluate the environmental performance of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Mexico in order to minimize their environmental impact. Given that public education has limited financial resources, it is necessary to conduct studies that support priorities in decision-making situations and thus obtain the best cost-benefit ratio of continuous improvement programs as part of the environmental management system implemented. The methodology employed, adapted from the Environmental Effect Analysis (EEA), weighs the environmental aspects identified in the environmental diagnosis by two characteristics. Number one, environmental priority through the perception of the stakeholders, compliance of legal requirements, and environmental impact of operations. Number two, the possibility of improvement, which depends of factors such as the exchange rate that will be made, the level of investment and the return time of it. The highest environmental priorities, or hot spots, identified in this evaluation were: electricity consumption, water consumption and recycling, and disposal of municipal solid waste. However, the possibility of improvement for the disposal of municipal solid waste is higher, followed by water consumption and recycling, in spite of having an equal possibility of improvement to the energy consumption, time of return and cost-benefit is much greater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20performance" title="environmental performance">environmental performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20priority" title=" environmental priority"> environmental priority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=possibility%20of%20improvement" title=" possibility of improvement"> possibility of improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20improvement%20programs" title=" continuous improvement programs"> continuous improvement programs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18812/how-to-improve-the-environmental-performance-in-a-hei-in-mexico-an-eea-adaptation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Exo-III Assisted Amplification Strategy through Target Recycling of Hg²⁺ Detection in Water: A GNP Based Label-Free Colorimetry Employing T-Rich Hairpin-Loop Metallobase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Ghaffar%20Memon">Abdul Ghaffar Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Hong%20Zhou"> Xiao Hong Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunpeng%20Xing"> Yunpeng Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruoyu%20Wang"> Ruoyu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miao%20He"> Miao He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to deleterious environmental and health effects of the Hg²⁺ ions, various online, detection methods apart from the traditional analytical tools have been developed by researchers. Biosensors especially, label, label-free, colorimetric and optical sensors have advanced with sensitive detection. However, there remains a gap of ultrasensitive quantification as noise interact significantly especially in the AuNP based label-free colorimetry. This study reported an amplification strategy using Exo-III enzyme for target recycling of Hg²⁺ ions in a T-rich hairpin loop metallobase label-free colorimetric nanosensor with an improved sensitivity using unmodified gold nanoparticles (uGNPs) as an indicator. The two T-rich metallobase hairpin loop structures as 5’- CTT TCA TAC ATA GAA AAT GTA TGT TTG -3 (HgS1), and 5’- GGC TTT GAG CGC TAA GAA A TA GCG CTC TTT G -3’ (HgS2) were tested in the study. The thermodynamic properties of HgS1 and HgS2 were calculated using online tools (http://biophysics.idtdna.com/cgi-bin/meltCalculator.cgi). The lab scale synthesized uGNPs were utilized in the analysis. The DNA sequence had T-rich bases on both tails end, which in the presence of Hg²⁺ forms a T-Hg²⁺-T mismatch, promoting the formation of dsDNA. Later, the Exo-III incubation enable the enzyme to cleave stepwise mononucleotides from the 3’ end until the structure become single-stranded. These ssDNA fragments then adsorb on the surface of AuNPs in their presence and protect AuNPs from the induced salt aggregation. The visible change in color from blue (aggregation stage in the absence of Hg²⁺) and pink (dispersion state in the presence of Hg²⁺ and adsorption of ssDNA fragments) can be observed and analyzed through UV spectrometry. An ultrasensitive quantitative nanosensor employing Exo-III assisted target recycling of mercury ions through label-free colorimetry with nanomolar detection using uGNPs have been achieved and is further under the optimization to achieve picomolar range by avoiding the influence of the environmental matrix. The proposed strategy will supplement in the direction of uGNP based ultrasensitive, rapid, onsite, label-free colorimetric detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorimetric" title="colorimetric">colorimetric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Exo-III" title=" Exo-III"> Exo-III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hg%C2%B2%E2%81%BA%20detection" title=" Hg²⁺ detection"> Hg²⁺ detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=label-free" title=" label-free"> label-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20amplification" title=" signal amplification"> signal amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90654/exo-iii-assisted-amplification-strategy-through-target-recycling-of-hg2-detection-in-water-a-gnp-based-label-free-colorimetry-employing-t-rich-hairpin-loop-metallobase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Tackling the Decontamination Challenge: Nanorecycling of Plastic Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jocelyn%20Doucet">Jocelyn Doucet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Philippe%20Laviolette"> Jean-Philippe Laviolette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Eslami"> Ali Eslami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The end-of-life management and recycling of polymer wastes remains a key environment issue in on-going efforts to increase resource efficiency and attaining GHG emission reduction targets. Half of all the plastics ever produced were made in the last 13 years, and only about 16% of that plastic waste is collected for recycling, while 25% is incinerated, 40% is landfilled, and 19% is unmanaged and leaks in the environment and waterways. In addition to the plastic collection issue, the UN recently published a report on chemicals in plastics, which adds another layer of challenge when integrating recycled content containing toxic products into new products. To tackle these important issues, innovative solutions are required. Chemical recycling of plastics provides new complementary alternatives to the current recycled plastic market by converting waste material into a high value chemical commodity that can be reintegrated in a variety of applications, making the total market size of the output – virgin-like, high value products - larger than the market size of the input – plastic waste. Access to high-quality feedstock also remains a major obstacle, primarily due to material contamination issues. Pyrowave approaches this challenge with its innovative nano-recycling technology, which purifies polymers at the molecular level, removing undesirable contaminants and restoring the resin to its virgin state without having to depolymerise it. This breakthrough approach expands the range of plastics that can be effectively recycled, including mixed plastics with various contaminants such as lead, inorganic pigments, and flame retardants. The technology allows yields below 100ppm, and purity can be adjusted to an infinitesimal level depending on the customer's specifications. The separation of the polymer and contaminants in Pyrowave's nano-recycling process offers the unique ability to customize the solution on targeted additives and contaminants to be removed based on the difference in molecular size. This precise control enables the attainment of a final polymer purity equivalent to virgin resin. The patented process involves dissolving the contaminated material using a specially formulated solvent, purifying the mixture at the molecular level, and subsequently extracting the solvent to yield a purified polymer resin that can directly be reintegrated in new products without further treatment. Notably, this technology offers simplicity, effectiveness, and flexibility while minimizing environmental impact and preserving valuable resources in the manufacturing circuit. Pyrowave has successfully applied this nano-recycling technology to decontaminate polymers and supply purified, high-quality recycled plastics to critical industries, including food-contact compliance. The technology is low-carbon, electrified, and provides 100% traceable resins with properties identical to those of virgin resins. Additionally, the issue of low recycling rates and the limited market for traditionally hard-to-recycle plastic waste has fueled the need for new complementary alternatives. Chemical recycling, such as Pyrowave's microwave depolymerization, presents a sustainable and efficient solution by converting plastic waste into high-value commodities. By employing microwave catalytic depolymerization, Pyrowave enables a truly circular economy of plastics, particularly in treating polystyrene waste to produce virgin-like styrene monomers. This revolutionary approach boasts low energy consumption, high yields, and a reduced carbon footprint. Pyrowave offers a portfolio of sustainable, low-carbon, electric solutions to give plastic waste a second life and paves the way to the new circular economy of plastics. Here, particularly for polystyrene, we show that styrene monomer yields from Pyrowave’s polystyrene microwave depolymerization reactor is 2,2 to 1,5 times higher than that of the thermal conventional pyrolysis. In addition, we provide a detailed understanding of the microwave assisted depolymerization via analyzing the effects of microwave power, pyrolysis time, microwave receptor and temperature on the styrene product yields. Furthermore, we investigate life cycle environmental impact assessment of microwave assisted pyrolysis of polystyrene in commercial-scale production. Finally, it is worth pointing out that Pyrowave is able to treat several tons of polystyrene to produce virgin styrene monomers and manage waste/contaminated polymeric materials as well in a truly circular economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanorecycling" title="nanorecycling">nanorecycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20recycling" title=" plastic recycling"> plastic recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depolymerization" title=" depolymerization"> depolymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169710/tackling-the-decontamination-challenge-nanorecycling-of-plastic-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Tuning the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fine Recycled Plastic Aggregates in Concrete Using Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al-Mansour">Ahmed Al-Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Zeng"> Qiang Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recycling waste plastics in the form of concrete components, i.e. fine aggregates, has been an attractive topic among the society of civil engineers. Not only does the recycling of plastics reduce the overall cost of concrete production, but it also takes part in solving environmental issues. Nevertheless, the incorporation of recycled plastics into concrete results in an increasing reduction in the mechanical properties of concrete as the percentage of replacement of natural aggregates increases. In order to overcome this reduction, Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was used as an additive in concrete with recycled plastic aggregates. The aim of this additive is to: 1) increase the interfacial interaction at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between plastic pellets and cement matrix, and 2) mitigate the loss in mechanical properties. Three different groups of samples (i.e. cubes and prisms) were tested according to the plastics substituting fine aggregates. 5, 10, and 15% of fine aggregates were substituted for recycled plastic pellets, and 2 – 4% of the cement was substituted for EVA that produces a flexible agent when mixed properly with water. Compressive and tensile strength tests were conducted for the mechanical properties, while SEM and X-CT scan were implemented for further investigation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C–S–H) formation and ITZ analysis. The optimal amount of plastic particles with EVA is suggested to get the most compact and dense matrix structure according to the results of this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20durability%20of%20concrete" title="the durability of concrete">the durability of concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene-vinyl%20acetate%20%28EVA%29" title=" ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)"> ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20transition%20zone%20%28ITZ%29" title=" interfacial transition zone (ITZ)"> interfacial transition zone (ITZ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20plastics" title=" recycled plastics"> recycled plastics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132018/tuning-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-fine-recycled-plastic-aggregates-in-concrete-using-ethylene-vinyl-acetate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Analysis of Differences between Public and Experts’ Views Regarding Sustainable Development of Developing Cities: A Case Study in the Iraqi Capital Baghdad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwah%20Mohsin">Marwah Mohsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Beach"> Thomas Beach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Kwan"> Alan Kwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Ismail"> Mahdi Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the differences in views on sustainable development between the general public and experts in a developing country, Iraq. This paper will answer the question: How do the views of the public differ from the generally accepted view of experts in the context of sustainable urban development in Iraq? In order to answer this question, the views of both the public and the experts will be analysed. These results are taken from a public survey and a Delphi questionnaire. These will be analysed using statistical methods in order to identify the significant differences. This will enable investigation of the different perceptions between the public perceptions and the experts’ views towards urban sustainable development factors. This is important due to the fact that different viewpoints between policy-makers and the public will impact on the acceptance by the public of any future sustainable development work that is undertaken. The brief findings of the statistical analysis show that the views of both the public and the experts are considered different in most of the variables except six variables show no differences. Those variables are ‘The importance of establishing sustainable cities in Iraq’, ‘Mitigate traffic congestion’, ‘Waste recycling and separating’, ‘Use wastewater recycling’, ‘Parks and green spaces’, and ‘Promote investment’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sustainability" title="urban sustainability">urban sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experts%20views" title=" experts views"> experts views</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20views" title=" public views"> public views</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis" title=" principle component analysis"> principle component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115892/analysis-of-differences-between-public-and-experts-views-regarding-sustainable-development-of-developing-cities-a-case-study-in-the-iraqi-capital-baghdad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> Storage Method for Parts from End of Life Vehicles' Dismantling Process According to Sustainable Development Requirements: Polish Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kosacka">M. Kosacka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Kudelska"> I. Kudelska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicle is one of the most influential and complex product worldwide, which affects people’s life, state of the environment and condition of the economy (all aspects of sustainable development concept) during each stage of lifecycle. With the increase of vehicles’ number, there is growing potential for management of End of Life Vehicle (ELV), which is hazardous waste. From one point of view, the ELV should be managed to ensure risk elimination, but from another point, it should be treated as a source of valuable materials and spare parts. In order to obtain materials and spare parts, there are established recycling networks, which are an example of sustainable policy realization at the national level. The basic object in the polish recycling network is dismantling facility. The output material streams in dismantling stations include waste, which very often generate costs and spare parts, that have the biggest potential for revenues creation. Both outputs are stored into warehouses, according to the law. In accordance to the revenue creation and sustainability potential, it has been placed a strong emphasis on storage process. We present the concept of storage method, which takes into account the specific of the dismantling facility in order to support decision-making process with regard to the principles of sustainable development. The method was developed on the basis of case study of one of the greatest dismantling facility in Poland. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dismantling" title="dismantling">dismantling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20of%20life%20vehicles" title=" end of life vehicles"> end of life vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49250/storage-method-for-parts-from-end-of-life-vehicles-dismantling-process-according-to-sustainable-development-requirements-polish-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Product Separation of Green Processes and Catalyst Recycling of a Homogeneous Polyoxometalate Catalyst Using Nanofiltration Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothea%20Vo%C3%9F">Dorothea Voß</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Esser"> Tobias Esser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Huber"> Michael Huber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakob%20Albert"> Jakob Albert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing world population and the associated increase in demand for energy and consumer goods, as well as increasing waste production, requires the development of sustainable processes. In addition, the increasing environmental awareness of our society is a driving force for the requirement that processes must be as resource and energy efficient as possible. In this context, the use of polyoxometalate catalysts (POMs) has emerged as a promising approach for the development of green processes. POMs are bifunctional polynuclear metal-oxo-anion cluster characterized by a strong Brønsted acidity, a high proton mobility combined with fast multi-electron transfer and tunable redox potential. In addition, POMs are soluble in many commonly known solvents and exhibit resistance to hydrolytic and oxidative degradation. Due to their structure and excellent physicochemical properties, POMs are efficient acid and oxidation catalysts that have attracted much attention in recent years. Oxidation processes with molecular oxygen are worth mentioning here. However, the fact that the POM catalysts are homogeneous poses a challenge for downstream processing of product solutions and recycling of the catalysts. In this regard, nanofiltration membranes have gained increasing interest in recent years, particularly due to their relative sustainability advantage over other technologies and their unique properties such as increased selectivity towards multivalent ions. In order to establish an efficient downstream process for the highly selective separation of homogeneous POM catalysts from aqueous solutions using nanofiltration membranes, a laboratory-scale membrane system was designed and constructed. By varying various process parameters, a sensitivity analysis was performed on a model system to develop an optimized method for the recovery of POM catalysts. From this, process-relevant key figures such as the rejection of various system components were derived. These results form the basis for further experiments on other systems to test the transferability to serval separation tasks with different POMs and products, as well as for recycling experiments of the catalysts in processes on laboratory scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downstream%20processing" title="downstream processing">downstream processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiltration" title=" nanofiltration"> nanofiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalates" title=" polyoxometalates"> polyoxometalates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneous%20catalysis" title=" homogeneous catalysis"> homogeneous catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemistry" title=" green chemistry"> green chemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168256/product-separation-of-green-processes-and-catalyst-recycling-of-a-homogeneous-polyoxometalate-catalyst-using-nanofiltration-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Characterization of Carbazole-Based Host Material for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Mahmoudi">Malek Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Keruckas"> Jonas Keruckas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmytro%20Volyniuk"> Dmytro Volyniuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jurate%20Simokaitiene"> Jurate Simokaitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juozas%20V.%20Grazulevicius"> Juozas V. Grazulevicius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Host materials have been discovered as one of the most appealing methods for harvesting triplet states in organic materials for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The ideal host-guest system for emission in thermally delayed fluorescence OLEDs with 20% guest concentration for efficient energy transfer has been demonstrated in the present investigation. In this work, 3,3'-bis[9-(4-fluorophenyl) carbazole] (bFPC) has been used as the host, which induces balanced charge carrier transport for high-efficiency OLEDs.For providing a complete characterization of the synthesized compound, photophysical, photoelectrical, charge-transporting, and electrochemical properties of the compound have been examined. Excited-state lifetimes and singlet-triplet energy gaps were measured for characterization of photophysical properties, while thermogravimetric analysis, as well as differential scanning calorimetry measurements, were performed for probing of electrochemical and thermal properties of the compound. The electrochemical properties of this compound were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method, and ionization potential (IPCV) value of 5.68 eV was observed. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectrum of a solution of the compound in toluene (10-5 M) showed maxima at 302 and 405 nm, respectively. Photoelectron emission spectrometry was used for the characterization of charge-injection properties of the studied compound in solid. The ionization potential of this material was found to be 5.78 eV, and time-of-flight measurement was used for testing charge-transporting properties and hole mobility estimated using this technique in a vacuum-deposited layer reached 4×10-4 cm2 V-1s-1. Since the compound with high charge mobilities was tested as a host in an organic light-emitting diode. The device was fabricated by successive deposition onto a pre-cleaned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate under a vacuum of 10-6 Torr and consisting of an indium-tin-oxide anode, hole injection and transporting layer(MoO3, NPB), emitting layer with bFPC as a host and 4CzIPN (2,4,5,6-tetra(9-carbazolyl)isophthalonitrile) which is a new highly efficient green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material as an emitter, an electron transporting layer(TPBi) and lithium fluoride layer topped with aluminum layer as a cathode exhibited the highest maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 33.9 cd/A and 23.5 lm/W, respectively and the electroluminescence spectrum showed only a peak at 512nm. Furthermore, the new bicarbazole-based compound was tested as a host in thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes are reaching luminance of 25300 cd m-2 and external quantum efficiency of 10.1%. Interestingly, the turn-on voltage was low enough (3.8 V), and such a device can be used for highly efficient light sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally-activated%20delayed%20fluorescence" title="thermally-activated delayed fluorescence">thermally-activated delayed fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20%20material" title=" host material"> host material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionization%20energy" title=" ionization energy"> ionization energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20mobility" title=" charge mobility"> charge mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroluminescence" title=" electroluminescence"> electroluminescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114469/characterization-of-carbazole-based-host-material-for-highly-efficient-thermally-activated-delayed-fluorescence-emitter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Development and Characterization of a Composite Material for Ceiling Board Construction Applications in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minase%20Yitbarek%20Mengistu">Minase Yitbarek Mengistu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrham%20Melkamu"> Abrham Melkamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Yisfaw"> Dawit Yisfaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bisrat%20Belihu"> Bisrat Belihu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulhakim%20Lalega"> Abdulhakim Lalega</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was aimed at reducing and recycling waste paper and sawdust from our environment, thereby reducing environmental pollution resulting from the management/disposal of these waste materials. In this research, some mechanical properties of composite ceiling board materials made from waste paper, sawdust, and pineapple leaf fibers were investigated to determine their suitability for use in low-cost construction work. The ceiling board was obtained from the waste of paper, sawdust chips, and pineapple leaf fibers by manual mechanical bonding techniques using dissolved polystyrene films as a binding agent. The results obtained showed that the water absorption values of between 6 % and 8.1 %; as well as density values of 500 kg/mm3 and 611.1 kg/mm3.From our result, the better one is a ratio of pineapple leaf fiber 25%, sawdust 40%, binder 25%, and waste paper 10%. The composite ceiling boards were successfully nailed with firm grips. These values obtained were compared with those of the conventional ceiling boards and it was observed that these composite materials can be used for internal low-cost construction work and Insulation (acoustic and thermal) performance. It is highly recommended that small and medium enterprises be encouraged to venture into waste recycling and the production of these composite ceiling materials to create jobs for skilled and unskilled labor that are locally available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title="composite material">composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceiling%20board" title=" ceiling board"> ceiling board</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182420/development-and-characterization-of-a-composite-material-for-ceiling-board-construction-applications-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Biogas Potential of Deinking Sludge from Wastepaper Recycling Industry: Influence of Dewatering Degree and High Calcium Carbonate Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Kolade%20Ogun">Moses Kolade Ogun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ina%20Korner"> Ina Korner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To improve on the sustainable resource management in the wastepaper recycling industry, studies into the valorization of wastes generated by the industry are necessary. The industry produces different residues, among which is the deinking sludge (DS). The DS is generated from the deinking process and constitutes a major fraction of the residues generated by the European pulp and paper industry. The traditional treatment of DS by incineration is capital intensive due to energy requirement for dewatering and the need for complementary fuel source due to DS low calorific value. This could be replaced by a biotechnological approach. This study, therefore, investigated the biogas potential of different DS streams (different dewatering degrees) and the influence of the high calcium carbonate content of DS on its biogas potential. Dewatered DS (solid fraction) sample from filter press and the filtrate (liquid fraction) were collected from a partner wastepaper recycling company in Germany. The solid fraction and the liquid fraction were mixed in proportion to realize DS with different water content (55–91% fresh mass). Spiked samples of DS using deionized water, cellulose and calcium carbonate were prepared to simulate DS with varying calcium carbonate content (0– 40% dry matter). Seeding sludge was collected from an existing biogas plant treating sewage sludge in Germany. Biogas potential was studied using a 1-liter batch test system under the mesophilic condition and ran for 21 days. Specific biogas potential in the range 133- 230 NL/kg-organic dry matter was observed for DS samples investigated. It was found out that an increase in the liquid fraction leads to an increase in the specific biogas potential and a reduction in the absolute biogas potential (NL-biogas/ fresh mass). By comparing the absolute biogas potential curve and the specific biogas potential curve, an optimal dewatering degree corresponding to a water content of about 70% fresh mass was identified. This degree of dewatering is a compromise when factors such as biogas yield, reactor size, energy required for dewatering and operation cost are considered. No inhibitory influence was observed in the biogas potential of DS due to the reported high calcium carbonate content of DS. This study confirms that DS is a potential bioresource for biogas production. Further optimization such as nitrogen supplementation due to DS high C/N ratio can increase biogas yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title="biogas">biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20carbonate" title=" calcium carbonate"> calcium carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deinking%20sludge" title=" deinking sludge"> deinking sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dewatering" title=" dewatering"> dewatering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20content" title=" water content"> water content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103940/biogas-potential-of-deinking-sludge-from-wastepaper-recycling-industry-influence-of-dewatering-degree-and-high-calcium-carbonate-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> Removal of Nutrients from Sewage Using Algal Photo-Bioreactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purnendu%20Bose">Purnendu Bose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Kainthola"> Jyoti Kainthola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to recent advances in illumination technology, artificially illuminated algal-bacterial photo bioreactors are now a potentially feasible option for simultaneous and comprehensive organic carbon and nutrients removal from secondary treated domestic sewage. The experiments described herein were designed to determine the extent of nutrient uptake in photo bioreactors through algal assimilation. Accordingly, quasi steady state data on algal photo bioreactor performance was obtained under 20 different conditions. Results indicated that irrespective of influent N and P levels, algal biomass recycling resulted in superior performance of algal photo bioreactors in terms of both N and P removals. Further, both N and P removals were positively related to the growth of algal biomass in the reactor. Conditions in the reactor favouring greater algal growth also resulted in greater N and P removals. N and P removals were adversely impacted in reactors with low algal concentrations due to the inability of the algae to grow fast enough under the conditions provided. Increasing algal concentrations in reactors over a certain threshold value through higher algal biomass recycling was also not fruitful, since algal growth slowed under such conditions due to reduced light availability due to algal ‘self-shading’. It was concluded that N removals greater than 80% at high influent N concentrations is not possible with the present reactor configuration. Greater than 80% N removals may however be possible in similar reactors if higher light intensity is provided. High P removal is possible only if the influent N: P ratio in the reactor is aligned closely with the algal stoichiometric requirements for P. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients" title="nutrients">nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title=" algae"> algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo" title=" photo"> photo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioreactor" title=" bioreactor"> bioreactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1519/removal-of-nutrients-from-sewage-using-algal-photo-bioreactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> Transparent and Solution Processable Low Contact Resistance SWCNT/AZONP Bilayer Electrodes for Sol-Gel Metal Oxide Thin Film Transistor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Jeong%20Lee">Su Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Il%20Lee"> Tae Il Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Han%20Kim"> Jung Han Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul-Hong%20Kim"> Chul-Hong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gee%20Sung%20Chae"> Gee Sung Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Min%20Myoung"> Jae-Min Myoung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contact resistance between source/drain electrodes and semiconductor layer is an important parameter affecting electron transporting performance in the thin film transistor (TFT). In this work, we introduced a transparent and the solution prossable single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/Al-doped ZnO nano particle (AZO NP) bilayer electrodes showing low contact resistance with indium-oxide (In2O3) sol gel thin film. By inserting low work function AZO NPs into the interface between the SWCNTs and the In2O3 which has a high energy barrier, we could obtain an electrical Ohmic contact between them. Finally, with the SWCNT-AZO NP bilayer electrodes, we successfully fabricated a TFT showing a field effect mobility of 5.38 cm2/V∙s at 250 °C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-walled%20carbon%20nanotube%20%28SWCNT%29" title="single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)">single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-doped%20ZnO%20%28AZO%29%20nanoparticle" title=" Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticle"> Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20resistance" title=" contact resistance"> contact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-film%20transistor%20%28TFT%29" title=" thin-film transistor (TFT) "> thin-film transistor (TFT) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19325/transparent-and-solution-processable-low-contact-resistance-swcntazonp-bilayer-electrodes-for-sol-gel-metal-oxide-thin-film-transistor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> Integration of Two Thermodynamic Cycles by Absorption for Simultaneous Production of Fresh Water and Cooling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Delgado-Gonzaga">Javier Delgado-Gonzaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilfrido%20Rivera"> Wilfrido Rivera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Ju%C3%A1rez-Romero"> David Juárez-Romero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cooling and water purification are processes that have contributed to the economic and social development of the modern world. However, these processes require a significant amount of energy globally. Nowadays, absorption heat pumps have been studied with great interest since they are capable of producing cooling and/or purifying water from low-temperature energy sources such as industrial waste heat or renewable energy. In addition, absorption heat pumps require negligible amounts of electricity for their operation and generally use working fluids that do not represent a risk to the environment. The objective of this work is to evaluate a system that integrates an absorption heat transformer and an absorption cooling system to produce fresh water and cooling from a low-temperature heat source. Both cycles operate with the working pair LiBr-H2O. The integration is possible through the interaction of the LiBr-H2O solution streams between both cycles and also by recycling heat from the absorption heat transformer to the absorption cooling system. Mathematical models were developed to compare the performance of four different configurations. The results showed that the configuration in which the hottest streams of LiBr-H2O solution preheated the coldest streams in the economizers of both cycles was one that achieved the best performance. The interaction of the solution currents and the heat recycling analyzed in this work serves as a record of the possibilities of integration between absorption cycles for cogeneration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20heat%20transformer" title="absorption heat transformer">absorption heat transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20cooling%20system" title=" absorption cooling system"> absorption cooling system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20desalination" title=" water desalination"> water desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20system" title=" integrated system"> integrated system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159517/integration-of-two-thermodynamic-cycles-by-absorption-for-simultaneous-production-of-fresh-water-and-cooling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> Characterization Techniques for Studying Properties of Nanomaterials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandini%20Sharma">Nandini Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monitoring the characteristics of a nanostructured material comprises measurements of structural, morphological, mechanical, optical and electronic properties of the synthesized nanopowder and different layers and coatings of nanomaterials coated on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) substrates like fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) or Indium doped tin oxide (ITO). This article focuses on structural and optical characterization with emphasis on measurements of the photocatalytic efficiency as a photocatalyst and their interpretation to extract relevant information about various TCOs and materials, their emitter regions, and surface passivation. It also covers a brief description of techniques based on photoluminescence that can portray high resolution pictorial graphs for application as solar energy devices. With the advancement in the scientific techniques, detailed information about the structural, morphological, and optical properties can be investigated, which is further useful for engineering and designing of an efficient device. The common principles involved in the prevalent characterization techniques aid to illustrate the range of options that can be broadened in near future for acurate device characterization and diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title="characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural" title=" structural"> structural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical" title=" optical"> optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterial" title=" nanomaterial"> nanomaterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133270/characterization-techniques-for-studying-properties-of-nanomaterials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Cobalt, Nickel, Lithium, and Manganese from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20K.%20Hardwick">E. K. Hardwick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20B.%20Siwela"> L. B. Siwela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20G.%20Falconer"> J. G. Falconer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Mathibela"> M. E. Mathibela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Rolfe"> W. Rolfe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium-ion battery (LiB) demand has increased with the advancement in technologies. The applications include electric vehicles, cell phones, laptops, and many more devices. Typical components of the cathodes include lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Recycling the spent LiBs is necessary to reduce the ecological footprint of their production and use and to have a secondary source of valuable metals. A hydrometallurgical method was investigated for the recovery of cobalt and nickel from LiB cathodes. The cathodes were leached using a chloride solution. Ion exchange was then used to recover the chloro-complexes of the metals. The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency of a chloride leach, as well as ion exchange operating capacities that can be achieved for LiB recycling, and to establish the optimal operating conditions (ideal pH, temperature, leachate and eluant, flowrate, and reagent concentrations) for the recovery of the cathode metals. It was found that the leaching of the cathodes could be hindered by the formation of refractory metal oxides of cathode components. A reducing agent was necessary to improve the leaching rate and efficiency. Leaching was achieved using various chloride-containing solutions. The chloro-complexes were absorbed by the ion exchange resin and eluted to produce concentrated cobalt, nickel, lithium, and manganese streams. Chromatographic separation of these elements was achieved. Further work is currently underway to determine the optimal operating conditions for the recovery by ion exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title="cobalt">cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title=" ion exchange"> ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachate%20formation" title=" leachate formation"> leachate formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20batteries" title=" lithium-ion batteries"> lithium-ion batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese" title=" manganese"> manganese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150918/hydrometallurgical-recovery-of-cobalt-nickel-lithium-and-manganese-from-spent-lithium-ion-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> Waste Scavenging as a Waste-to-Wealth Strategy for Waste Reduction in Port Harcourt City Nigeria: A Mixed Method Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osungwu%20Emeka">Osungwu Emeka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Until recently, Port Harcourt was known as the “Garden City of Nigeria” because of its neatness and the overwhelming presence of vegetation all over the metropolis. But today, the presence of piles of refuse dotting the entire city may have turned Port Harcourt into a “Garbage City”. Indiscriminate dumping of industrial, commercial and household wastes such as food waste, paper, polythene, textiles, scrap metals, glasses, wood, plastic, etc. at street corners and gutters, is still very common. The waste management problem in the state affects the citizens both directly and indirectly. The dumping of waste along the roadside obstructs traffic and, after mixing with rain water may sip underground with the possibility of the leachate contaminating the groundwater. The basic solid waste management processes of collection, transportation, segregation and final disposal appear to be very inefficient. This study was undertaken to assess waste utilization using metal waste scavengers. Highlighting their activities as a part of the informal sector of the solid waste management system with a view to identifying their challenges, prospects and possible contributions to the solid waste management system in the Port Harcourt metropolis. Therefore, the aim was to understand and assess scavenging as a system of solid waste management in Port Harcourt and to identify the main bottlenecks to its efficiency and the way forward. This study targeted people who engage in scavenging metal scraps across 5 major waste dump sites across Port Harcourt. To achieve this, a mixed method study was conducted to provide both experiential evidence on this waste utilization method using a qualitative study and a survey to collect numeric evidence on this subject. The findings from the qualitative string of this study provided insight on scavenging as a waste utilization activity and how their activities can reduce the gross waste generated and collected from the subject areas. It further showed the nature and characteristics of scavengers in the waste recycling system as a means of achieving the millennium development goals towards poverty alleviation, job creation and the development of a sustainable, cleaner environment. The study showed that in Port Harcourt, the waste management practice involves the collection, transportation and disposal of waste by refuse contractors using cart pushers and disposal vehicles at designated dumpsites where the scavengers salvage metal scraps for recycling and reuse. This study further indicates that there is a great demand for metal waste materials/products that are clearly identified as genuinely sustainable, even though they may be perceived as waste. The market for these waste materials shall promote entrepreneurship as a profitable venture for waste recovery and recycling in Port Harcourt. Therefore, the benefit of resource recovery and recycling as a means of the solid waste management system will enhance waste to wealth that will reduce pollution, create job opportunities thereby alleviate poverty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scavengers" title="scavengers">scavengers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20waste" title=" metal waste"> metal waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-to-wealth" title=" waste-to-wealth"> waste-to-wealth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycle" title=" recycle"> recycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Port%20Harcourt" title=" Port Harcourt"> Port Harcourt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20reduction" title=" waste reduction"> waste reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garden%20city" title=" garden city"> garden city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154740/waste-scavenging-as-a-waste-to-wealth-strategy-for-waste-reduction-in-port-harcourt-city-nigeria-a-mixed-method-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Presence of High Concentrations of Toxic Metals from the Collected Soil Samples Due to Excessive E-Waste Burning in the Various Areas of Moradabad City, U.P India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aprajita%20Singh">Aprajita Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anamika%20Tripathi"> Anamika Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surya%20P.%20Dwivedi"> Surya P. Dwivedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moradabad is a small town in the Northern area of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated on the bank of river Ramganga which is also known as ‘Brass City of India’. There is eventually increase in the environmental pollution due to uncontrolled and inappropriate e-waste burning (recycling) activities which have been reported in many areas of Moradabad. In this paper, analysis of toxic heavy metals, causing pollution to the surrounding environment released from the e-waste burning and much other recycling process. All major e-waste burning sites are situated on the banks of the river which is burned in open environmental conditions. Soil samples were collected from seven (n=3) different sites including control site, after digestion of soil samples using triacid mixture, analysis of different toxic metals (Pb, Ar, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Ni) has been carried out with the help of instrument ICP-AAS. After the study, the outcome is that the soil of those areas contains a relatively high level of the toxic metals in order of Cu>Fe>Pb>Cd>Cr>Zn>Ar>Hg. The concentration of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ar and Zn (the majority of samples experimentally proved) exceeded the maximum standard level of WHO. Sequentially this study showed that uncontrolled e-waste processing operations caused serious pollution to local soil and release of toxic metals in the environment is also causing adverse effect on the health of people living in the nearby areas making them more prone to various harmful diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brass%20city" title="brass city">brass city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20pollution" title=" environment pollution"> environment pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-waste" title=" e-waste"> e-waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20heavy%20metals" title=" toxic heavy metals"> toxic heavy metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86600/presence-of-high-concentrations-of-toxic-metals-from-the-collected-soil-samples-due-to-excessive-e-waste-burning-in-the-various-areas-of-moradabad-city-up-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> The Effect of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Cross-Contamination by Other Plastic Types on Bitumen Modification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nioushasadat%20Haji%20Seyed%20Javadi">Nioushasadat Haji Seyed Javadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ailar%20Hajimohammadi"> Ailar Hajimohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Khalili"> Nasser Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the recycling of plastic wastes has been the subject of much research attention, especially in pavement constructions, where virgin polymers can be replaced by recycled plastics for asphalt binder modification. Among the plastic types, recycled linear low-density polyethylene (RLLDPE) has been one of the common and largely available plastics for bitumen modification. However, it is important to note that during the recycling process, LLDPE can easily be contaminated with other plastic types, especially with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP). The cross-contamination of LLDPE with other plastics lowers its quality and, consequently, can affect the asphalt modification process. This study aims to assess the effect of LLDPE cross-contamination on bitumen modification. To do so, samples of bitumen modified with LLDPE and blends of LLDPE with LDPE, HDPE, and PP were prepared and compared through physical and rheological evaluations. The experimental tests, including softening point, penetration, viscosity at 135 °C, and dynamic shear rheometer, were conducted. The results indicated that the effect of cross-contamination on softening point and rutting resistance was negligible. On the other side, penetration and viscosity were highly impacted. The results also showed that among contamination of LLDPE with the other plastic types, PP had the highest influence in comparison with HDPE and LDPE on changing the properties of the LLDPE- modified bitumen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20polyethylene" title="recycled polyethylene">recycled polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20cross-contamination" title=" polymer cross-contamination"> polymer cross-contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20plastic" title=" waste plastic"> waste plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitumen" title=" bitumen"> bitumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rutting%20resistance" title=" rutting resistance"> rutting resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152078/the-effect-of-linear-low-density-polyethylene-cross-contamination-by-other-plastic-types-on-bitumen-modification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">471</span> Recycling of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) as Construction Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Chen">Z. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Poon"> C. S. Poon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Hong Kong, about 1,000 tonnes of sewage sludge were produced every day in 2014 representing a major fraction of the total solid municipal waste. Traditionally, sewage sludge is disposed of at landfills. This disposal method causes environmental issues and uses up precious space in landfills which are becoming saturated one by one. To tackle the disposal problem, Hong Kong government has just built a sewage sludge incinerator. Through incineration the volume of waste can be reduced up to 90% by converting sewage sludge into ash. Whilst sewage sludge ash (SSA) still needs to be disposed of at landfills, research has been conducted at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University on using SSA to substitute cement for the production of construction materials. Results demonstrated that SSA contained many open and isolated pores and thus can reduce the cement dilution effect resulting in only slight decrease in the flexural and compressive strengths of cement mortar. The incorporation of SSA in cement mortar can be up to 20% of the binder, without too much worry about adverse effect on strength development of mortar. There was some enhancement in strength using ground SSA in comparison to the original SSA. The original SSA shortened the relative initial setting time of cement paste but ground SSA caused slight delay in the setting of cement paste. The research also found that increasing the percentage of SSA lead to decreasing workability of cement mortar with the same water/binder ratio, and ground SSA was beneficial to workability although grinding increased the surface area of SSA. This paper summarizes the major findings of the research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20replacement" title="cement replacement">cement replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20material" title=" construction material"> construction material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge%20ash" title=" sewage sludge ash"> sewage sludge ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20recycling" title=" waste recycling"> waste recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37608/recycling-of-sewage-sludge-ash-ssa-as-construction-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">470</span> Fabrication of All-Cellulose Composites from End-of-Life Textiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Baghaei">Behnaz Baghaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikael%20Skrifvars"> Mikael Skrifvars</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainability is today a trend that is seen everywhere, with no exception for the textiles 31 industry. However, there is a rather significant downside regarding how the textile industry currently operates, namely the huge amount of end-of-life textiles coming along with it. Approximately 73% of the 53 million tonnes of fibres used annually for textile production is landfilled or incinerated, while only 12% is recycled as secondary products. Mechanical recycling of end-of-life textile fabrics into yarns and fabrics was before very common, but due to the low costs for virgin man-made fibres, the current textile material composition diversity, the fibre material quality variations and the high recycling costs this route is not feasible. Another way to decrease the ever-growing pile of textile waste is to repurpose the textile. If a feasible methodology can be found to reuse end-of life textiles as secondary market products including a manufacturing process that requires rather low investment costs, then this can be highly beneficial to counteract the increasing textile waste volumes. In structural composites, glass fibre textiles are used as reinforcements, but today there is a growing interest in biocomposites where the reinforcement and/or the resin are from a biomass resource. All-cellulose composites (ACCs) are monocomponent or single polymer composites, and they are entirely made from cellulose, ideally leading to a homogeneous biocomposite. Since the matrix and the reinforcement are both made from cellulose, and therefore chemically identical, they are fully compatible with each other which allow efficient stress transfer and adhesion at their interface. Apart from improving the mechanical performance of the final products, the recycling of the composites will be facilitated. This paper reports the recycling of end-of-life cellulose containing textiles by fabrication of all-cellulose composites (ACCs). Composite laminates were prepared by using an ionic liquid (IL) in a hot process, involving a partial dissolving of the cellulose fibres. Discharged denim fabrics were used as the reinforcement while dissolved cellulose from two different cellulose resources was used as the matrix phase. Virgin cotton staple fibres and recovered cotton from polyester/cotton (polycotton) waste fabrics were used to form the matrix phase. The process comprises the dissolving 6 wt.% cellulose solution in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([BMIM][Ac]), this solution acted as a precursor for the matrix component. The denim fabrics were embedded in the cellulose/IL solution after which laminates were formed, which also involved removal of the IL by washing. The effect of reuse of the recovered IL was also investigated. The mechanical properties of the obtained ACCs were determined regarding tensile, impact and flexural properties. Mechanical testing revealed that there are no clear differences between the values measured for mechanical strength and modulus of the manufactured ACCs from denim/cotton-fresh IL, denim/recovered cotton-fresh IL and denim/cotton-recycled IL. This could be due to the low weight fraction of the cellulose matrix in the final ACC laminates and presumably the denim as cellulose reinforcement strongly influences and dominates the mechanical properties. Fabricated ACC composite laminates were further characterized regarding scanning electron microscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-cellulose%20composites" title="all-cellulose composites">all-cellulose composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denim%20fabrics" title=" denim fabrics"> denim fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties "> mechanical properties </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117556/fabrication-of-all-cellulose-composites-from-end-of-life-textiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">469</span> Transitioning Towards a Circular Economy in the Textile Industry: Approaches to Address Environmental Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Salehipoor">Atefeh Salehipoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Textiles play a vital role in human life, particularly in the form of clothing. However, the alarming rate at which textiles end up in landfills presents a significant environmental risk. With approximately one garbage truck per second being filled with discarded textiles, urgent measures are required to mitigate this trend. Governments and responsible organizations are calling upon various stakeholders to shift from a linear economy to a circular economy model in the textile industry. This article highlights several key approaches that can be undertaken to address this pressing issue. These approaches include the creation of renewable raw material sources, rethinking production processes, maximizing the use and reuse of textile products, implementing reproduction and recycling strategies, exploring redistribution to new markets, and finding innovative means to extend the lifespan of textiles. However, the rapid accumulation of textiles in landfills poses a significant threat to the environment. This article explores the urgent need for the textile industry to transition from a linear economy model to a circular economy model. The linear model, characterized by the creation, use, and disposal of textiles, is unsustainable in the long term. By adopting a circular economy approach, the industry can minimize waste, reduce environmental impact, and promote sustainable practices. This article outlines key approaches that can be undertaken to drive this transition. Approaches to Address Environmental Challenges: 1. Creation of Renewable Raw Materials Sources: Exploring and promoting the use of renewable and sustainable raw materials, such as organic cotton, hemp, and recycled fibers, can significantly reduce the environmental footprint of textile production. 2. Rethinking Production Processes: Implementing cleaner production techniques, optimizing resource utilization, and minimizing waste generation are crucial steps in reducing the environmental impact of textile manufacturing. 3. Maximizing Use and Reuse of Textile Products: Encouraging consumers to prolong the lifespan of textile products through proper care, maintenance, and repair services can reduce the frequency of disposal and promote a culture of sustainability. 4. Reproduction and Recycling Strategies: Investing in innovative technologies and infrastructure to enable efficient reproduction and recycling of textiles can close the loop and minimize waste generation. 5. Redistribution of Textiles to New Markets: Exploring opportunities to redistribute textiles to new and parallel markets, such as resale platforms, can extend their lifecycle and prevent premature disposal. 6. Improvising Means to Extend Textile Lifespan: Encouraging design practices that prioritize durability, versatility, and timeless aesthetics can contribute to prolonging the lifespan of textiles. Conclusion The textile industry must urgently transition from a linear economy to a circular economy model to mitigate the adverse environmental impact caused by textile waste. By implementing the outlined approaches, such as sourcing renewable raw materials, rethinking production processes, promoting reuse and recycling, exploring new markets, and extending the lifespan of textiles, stakeholders can work together to create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly textile industry. These measures require collective action and collaboration between governments, organizations, manufacturers, and consumers to drive positive change and safeguard the planet for future generations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textiles" title="textiles">textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20challenges" title=" environmental challenges"> environmental challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20raw%20materials" title=" renewable raw materials"> renewable raw materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20processes" title=" production processes"> production processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redistribution" title=" redistribution"> redistribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20lifespan%20extension" title=" textile lifespan extension"> textile lifespan extension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167928/transitioning-towards-a-circular-economy-in-the-textile-industry-approaches-to-address-environmental-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">468</span> Recycled Use of Solid Wastes in Building Material: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oriyomi%20M.%20Okeyinka">Oriyomi M. Okeyinka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20A.%20Oloke"> David A. Oloke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20M.%20Khatib"> Jamal M. Khatib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large quantities of solid wastes being generated worldwide from sources such as household, domestic, industrial, commercial and construction demolition activities, leads to environmental concerns. Utilization of these wastes in making building construction materials can reduce the magnitude of the associated problems. When these waste products are used in place of other conventional materials, natural resources and energy are preserved and expensive and/or potentially harmful waste disposal is avoided. Recycling which is regarded as the third most preferred waste disposal option, with its numerous environmental benefits, stand as a viable option to offset the environmental impact associated with the construction industry. This paper reviews the results of laboratory tests and important research findings, and the potential of using these wastes in building construction materials with focus on sustainable development. Research gaps, which includes; the need to develop standard mix design for solid waste based building materials; the need to develop energy efficient method of processing solid waste use in concrete; the need to study the actual behavior or performance of such building materials in practical application and the limited real life application of such building materials have also been identified. Therefore a research is being proposed to develop an environmentally friendly, lightweight building block from recycled waste paper, without the use of cement, and with properties suitable for use as walling unit. This proposed research intends to incorporate, laboratory experimentation and modeling to address the identified research gaps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title="recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20wastes" title=" solid wastes"> solid wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20materials" title=" building materials"> building materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12957/recycled-use-of-solid-wastes-in-building-material-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Innovative Technology to Sustain Food Security in Qatar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Abusin">Sana Abusin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food security in Qatar is a research priority of Qatar University (2021-2025) and all national strategies, including the Qatar National Vision 2030 and food security strategy (2018-2023). Achieving food security requires three actions: 1) transforming surplus food to those who are insecure; 2) reducing food loss and waste by recycling food into valuable resources such as compost (“green fertilizer”) that can be used in growing food; and, finally, 3) establishing strong enforcement agencies to protect consumers from outdated food and promote healthy food. Currently, these objectives are approached separately and not in a sustainable fashion. Food security in Qatar is a research priority of Qatar University (2021-2025) and all national strategies, including the Qatar National Vision 2030 and food security strategy (2018-2023). The study aims to develop an innovative mobile application that supports a sustainable solution to food insecurity and food waste in Qatar. The application will provide a common solution for many different users. For producers, it will facilitate easy disposal of excess food. For charities, it will notify them about surplus food ready for redistribution. The application will also benefit the second layer of end-users in the form of food recycling companies, who will receive information about available food waste that is unable to be consumed. We will use self-exoplanetary diagrams and digital pictures to show all the steps to the final stage. The aim is to motivate the young generation toward innovation and creation, and to encourage public-private collaboration in this sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title="food security">food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20technology" title=" innovative technology"> innovative technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qatar" title=" Qatar"> Qatar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156901/innovative-technology-to-sustain-food-security-in-qatar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> A Review on Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatema%20Akram">Fatema Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20G.%20Rasul"> Mohammad G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Masud%20K.%20Khan"> M. Masud K. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sharif%20I.%20I.%20Amir"> M. Sharif I. I. Amir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Australia is a country of some 7,700 million square kilometres with a population of about 22.6 million. At present water security is a major challenge for Australia. In some areas the use of water resources is approaching and in some parts it is exceeding the limits of sustainability. A focal point of proposed national water conservation programs is the recycling of both urban storm-water and treated wastewater. But till now it is not widely practiced in Australia, and particularly storm-water is neglected. In Australia, only 4% of storm-water and rainwater is recycled, whereas less than 1% of reclaimed wastewater is reused within urban areas. Therefore, accurately monitoring, assessing and predicting the availability, quality and use of this precious resource are required for better management. As storm-water is usually of better quality than untreated sewage or industrial discharge, it has better public acceptance for recycling and reuse, particularly for non-potable use such as irrigation, watering lawns, gardens, etc. Existing storm-water recycling practice is far behind of research and no robust technologies developed for this purpose. Therefore, there is a clear need for using modern technologies for assessing feasibility of storm-water harvesting and reuse. Numerical modelling has, in recent times, become a popular tool for doing this job. It includes complex hydrological and hydraulic processes of the study area. The hydrologic model computes storm-water quantity to design the system components, and the hydraulic model helps to route the flow through storm-water infrastructures. Nowadays water quality module is incorporated with these models. Integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) with these models provides extra advantage of managing spatial information. However for the overall management of a storm-water harvesting project, Decision Support System (DSS) plays an important role incorporating database with model and GIS for the proper management of temporal information. Additionally DSS includes evaluation tools and Graphical user interface. This research aims to critically review and discuss all the aspects of storm-water harvesting and reuse such as available guidelines of storm-water harvesting and reuse, public acceptance of water reuse, the scopes and recommendation for future studies. In addition to these, this paper identifies, understand and address the importance of modern technologies capable of proper management of storm-water harvesting and reuse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm-water%20management" title="storm-water management">storm-water management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm-water%20harvesting%20and%20reuse" title=" storm-water harvesting and reuse"> storm-water harvesting and reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support%20system" title=" decision support system"> decision support system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database" title=" database"> database</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2629/a-review-on-stormwater-harvesting-and-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Benefits of High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) Method for Preparation of Transparent Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Baroch">Pavel Baroch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Rezek"> Jiri Rezek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Prochazka"> Michal Prochazka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Kozak"> Tomas Kozak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Houska"> Jiri Houska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transparent semiconducting amorphous IGZO films have attracted great attention due to their excellent electrical properties and possible utilization in thin film transistors or in photovoltaic applications as they show 20-50 times higher mobility than that of amorphous silicon. It is also known that the properties of IGZO films are highly sensitive to process parameters, especially to oxygen partial pressure. In this study we have focused on the comparison of properties of transparent semiconducting amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films prepared by conventional sputtering methods and those prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) method. Furthermore we tried to optimize electrical and optical properties of the IGZO thin films and to investigate possibility to apply these coatings on thermally sensitive flexible substrates. We employed dc, pulsed dc, mid frequency sine wave and HiPIMS power supplies for magnetron deposition. Magnetrons were equipped with sintered ceramic InGaZnO targets. As oxygen vacancies are considered to be the main source of the carriers in IGZO films, it is expected that with the increase of oxygen partial pressure number of oxygen vacancies decreases which results in the increase of film resistivity. Therefore in all experiments we focused on the effect of oxygen partial pressure, discharge power and pulsed power mode on the electrical, optical and mechanical properties of IGZO thin films and also on the thermal load deposited to the substrate. As expected, we have observed a very fast transition between low- and high-resistivity films depending on oxygen partial pressure when deposition using conventional sputtering methods/power supplies have been utilized. Therefore we established and utilized HiPIMS sputtering system for enlargement of operation window for better control of IGZO thin film properties. It is shown that with this system we are able to effectively eliminate steep transition between low and high resistivity films exhibited by DC mode of sputtering and the electrical resistivity can be effectively controlled in the wide resistivity range of 10-² to 10⁵ Ω.cm. The highest mobility of charge carriers (up to 50 cm2/V.s) was obtained at very low oxygen partial pressures. Utilization of HiPIMS also led to significant decrease in thermal load deposited to the substrate which is beneficial for deposition on the thermally sensitive and flexible polymer substrates. Deposition rate as a function of discharge power and oxygen partial pressure was also systematically investigated and the results from optical, electrical and structure analysis will be discussed in detail. Most important result which we have obtained demonstrates almost linear control of IGZO thin films resistivity with increasing of oxygen partial pressure utilizing HiPIMS mode of sputtering and highly transparent films with low resistivity were prepared already at low pO2. It was also found that utilization of HiPIMS technique resulted in significant improvement of surface smoothness in reactive mode of sputtering (with increasing of oxygen partial pressure). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20mobility" title="charge carrier mobility">charge carrier mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HiPIMS" title=" HiPIMS"> HiPIMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGZO" title=" IGZO"> IGZO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65431/benefits-of-high-power-impulse-magnetron-sputtering-hipims-method-for-preparation-of-transparent-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide-igzo-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> Using Recyclable Steel Material in Tall Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Eren">O. Eren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Zakar"> L. Zakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recycling steel building components is key to the sustainability of a structure’s end-of-life, as it is the most economical solution. In this paper the effects of usage of recycled steel material in tall buildings aspects are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title="building">building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20material" title=" recycled material"> recycled material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2796/using-recyclable-steel-material-in-tall-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Land Art in Public Spaces Design: Remediation, Prevention of Environmental Risks and Recycling as a Consequence of the Avant-Garde Activity of Landscape Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karolina%20Porada">Karolina Porada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last 40 years, there has been a trend in landscape architecture which supporters do not perceive the role of pro-ecological or postmodern solutions in the design of public green spaces as an essential goal, shifting their attention to the 'sculptural' shaping of areas with the use of slopes, hills, embankments, and other forms of terrain. This group of designers can be considered avant-garde, which in its activities refers to land art. Initial research shows that such applications are particularly frequent in places of former post-industrial sites and landfills, utilizing materials such as debris and post-mining waste in their construction. Due to the high degradation of the environment surrounding modern man, the brownfields are a challenge and a field of interest for the representatives of landscape architecture avant-garde, who through their projects try to recover lost lands by means of transformations supported by engineering and ecological knowledge to create places where nature can develop again. The analysis of a dozen or so facilities made it possible to come up with an important conclusion: apart from the cultural aspects (including artistic activities), the green areas formally referring to the land are important in the process of remediation of post-industrial sites and waste recycling (e. g. from construction sites). In these processes, there is also a potential for applying the concept of Natural Based Solutions, i.e. solutions allowing for the natural development of the site in such a way as to use it to cope with environmental problems, such as e.g.  air pollution, soil phytoremediation and climate change. The paper presents examples of modern parks, whose compositions are based on shaping the surface of the terrain in a way referring to the land art, at the same time providing an example of brownfields reuse and application of waste recycling.  For the purposes of object analysis, research methods such as historical-interpretation studies, case studies, qualitative research or the method of logical argumentation were used. The obtained results provide information about the role that landscape architecture can have in the process of remediation of degraded areas, at the same time guaranteeing the benefits, such as the shaping of landscapes attractive in terms of visual appearance, low costs of implementation, and improvement of the natural environment quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brownfields" title="brownfields">brownfields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20parks" title=" contemporary parks"> contemporary parks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20architecture" title=" landscape architecture"> landscape architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86986/land-art-in-public-spaces-design-remediation-prevention-of-environmental-risks-and-recycling-as-a-consequence-of-the-avant-garde-activity-of-landscape-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Mathematical Modelling and AI-Based Degradation Analysis of the Second-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Packs for Stationary Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Salek">Farhad Salek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahaboddin%20Resalati"> Shahaboddin Resalati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production of electric vehicles (EVs) featuring lithium-ion battery technology has substantially escalated over the past decade, demonstrating a steady and persistent upward trajectory. The imminent retirement of electric vehicle (EV) batteries after approximately eight years underscores the critical need for their redirection towards recycling, a task complicated by the current inadequacy of recycling infrastructures globally. A potential solution for such concerns involves extending the operational lifespan of electric vehicle (EV) batteries through their utilization in stationary energy storage systems during secondary applications. Such adoptions, however, require addressing the safety concerns associated with batteries’ knee points and thermal runaways. This paper develops an accurate mathematical model representative of the second-life battery packs from a cell-to-pack scale using an equivalent circuit model (ECM) methodology. Neural network algorithms are employed to forecast the degradation parameters based on the EV batteries' aging history to develop a degradation model. The degradation model is integrated with the ECM to reflect the impacts of the cycle aging mechanism on battery parameters during operation. The developed model is tested under real-life load profiles to evaluate the life span of the batteries in various operating conditions. The methodology and the algorithms introduced in this paper can be considered the basis for Battery Management System (BMS) design and techno-economic analysis of such technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20life%20battery" title="second life battery">second life battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title=" electric vehicles"> electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179296/mathematical-modelling-and-ai-based-degradation-analysis-of-the-second-life-lithium-ion-battery-packs-for-stationary-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Sustainable Recycling Practices to Reduce Health Hazards of Municipal Solid Waste in Patna, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupama%20Singh">Anupama Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Papia%20Raj"> Papia Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a worldwide problem, yet its implications are enormous in developing countries, as they are unable to provide proper Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) for the large volume of MSW. As a result, the collected wastes are dumped in open dumping at landfilling sites while the uncollected wastes remain strewn on the roadside, many-a-time clogging drainage. Such unsafe and inadequate management of MSW causes various public health hazards. For example, MSW directly on contact or by leachate contaminate the soil, surface water, and ground water; open burning causes air pollution; anaerobic digestion between the piles of MSW enhance the greenhouse gases i.e., carbon dioxide and methane (CO2 and CH4) into the atmosphere. Moreover, open dumping can cause spread of vector borne disease like cholera, typhoid, dysentery, and so on. Patna, the capital city of Bihar, one of the most underdeveloped provinces in India, is a unique representation of this situation. Patna has been identified as the ‘garbage city’. Over the last decade there has been an exponential increase in the quantity of MSW generation in Patna. Though a large proportion of such MSW is recyclable in nature, only a negligible portion is recycled. Plastic constitutes the major chunk of the recyclable waste. The chemical composition of plastic is versatile consisting of toxic compounds, such as, plasticizers, like adipates and phthalates. Pigmented plastic is highly toxic and it contains harmful metals such as copper, lead, chromium, cobalt, selenium, and cadmium. Human population becomes vulnerable to an array of health problems as they are exposed to these toxic chemicals multiple times a day through air, water, dust, and food. Based on analysis of health data it can be emphasized that in Patna there has been an increase in the incidence of specific diseases, such as, diarrhoea, dysentry, acute respiratory infection (ARI), asthma, and other chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). This trend can be attributed to improper MSWM. The results were reiterated through a survey (N=127) conducted during 2014-15 in selected areas of Patna. Random sampling method of data collection was used to better understand the relationship between different variables affecting public health due to exposure to MSW and lack of MSWM. The results derived through bivariate and logistic regression analysis of the survey data indicate that segregation of wastes at source, segregation behavior, collection bins in the area, distance of collection bins from residential area, and transportation of MSW are the major determinants of public health issues. Sustainable recycling is a robust method for MSWM with its pioneer concerns being environment, society, and economy. It thus ensures minimal threat to environment and ecology consequently improving public health conditions. Hence, this paper concludes that sustainable recycling would be the most viable approach to manage MSW in Patna and would eventually reduce public health hazards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title="municipal solid waste">municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patna" title=" Patna"> Patna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20recycling" title=" sustainable recycling"> sustainable recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57013/sustainable-recycling-practices-to-reduce-health-hazards-of-municipal-solid-waste-in-patna-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn 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