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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acord_de_normalitzaci%C3%B3_entre_Israel_i_el_Marroc" title="Acord de normalització entre Israel i el Marroc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acord de normalització entre Israel i el Marroc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A4_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="تيفاقية د تطبيع بين لمغريب ؤ إسرائيل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تيفاقية د تطبيع بين لمغريب ؤ إسرائيل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuerdo_de_normalizaci%C3%B3n_de_las_relaciones_entre_Israel_y_Marruecos" title="Acuerdo de normalización de las relaciones entre Israel y Marruecos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acuerdo de normalización de las relaciones entre Israel y Marruecos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%E2%80%93%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95" title="הסכם ישראל–מרוקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכם ישראל–מרוקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izrael%E2%80%93Marokk%C3%B3_normaliz%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_meg%C3%A1llapod%C3%A1s" title="Izrael–Marokkó normalizációs megállapodás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izrael–Marokkó normalizációs megállapodás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="الاتفاق المغربى الاسرائيلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاتفاق المغربى الاسرائيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2020 agreement between Israel and Morocco</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco,_December_2020_4335P_(50749223147).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4335P_%2850749223147%29.jpg/300px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4335P_%2850749223147%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4335P_%2850749223147%29.jpg/450px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4335P_%2850749223147%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4335P_%2850749223147%29.jpg/600px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4335P_%2850749223147%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5414" data-file-height="3712" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Tripartite declaration signed on December 22, 2020</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Normalization agreement</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">December 22, 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mediators</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</b> is an agreement announced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government on December 10, 2020, in which <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> agreed to begin normalizing relations. On December 22, 2020, a joint declaration was signed pledging to begin direct flights, promote economic cooperation, reopen liaison offices and establish full diplomatic relations between the two countries. </p><p>The agreement followed <a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">United Arab Emirates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a> also signing normalization agreements with Israel in September and October 2020. Along with <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Jordan</a>, Morocco became the sixth <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> country to normalize ties with Israel. As part of the agreement, the United States agreed to recognize Morocco's <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Western_Sahara" title="Annexation of Western Sahara">annexation of Western Sahara</a> while urging the parties to "negotiate a mutually acceptable solution" using <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_Autonomy_Proposal" title="Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal">Morocco's autonomy plan</a> as the only framework. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco,_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco%2C_Africa_Forum_Summit_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>King of Morocco <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg/220px-Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg/330px-Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg/440px-Western_sahara_walls_moroccan_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Western_Sahara_Wall" title="Moroccan Western Sahara Wall">Moroccan walled</a> in the territory of <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Sahara war">Western Sahara war</a> (1975–1991). In yellow, the territory under control by the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israel's establishment in 1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">Morocco had a large Jewish population</a> of about 250,000 Jews (10% of the population),<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hundreds of thousands of Israeli Jews have lineage that traces to Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, Moroccan soldiers, roughly 700 of whom were killed, fought Israeli forces in southern Syria as part of the Syrian Army's northern flank.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two countries established low-level diplomatic relations during the 1990s, following Israel's <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">interim peace accords</a> with the Palestinians, which were suspended after the start of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Intifada">Al-Aqsa Intifada</a> in 2000. The two countries have maintained informal ties since then, with an estimated 50,000 Israelis traveling to Morocco each year,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although by 2020 the Jewish population in Morocco had decreased to approximately 2,000.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agreement was negotiated by a team led by <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor to the President of the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Berkowitz" title="Avi Berkowitz">Avi Berkowitz</a>, a Special Representative for International Negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kushner and Berkowitz had been speaking with the Moroccan government for over two years, suggesting normalization of relations with Israel in exchange for US recognition of Morocco's claim to Western Sahara. When Kushner visited Morocco in May 2019, King <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a> raised the issue of US recognition of Western Sahara, emphasizing the importance of this issue to Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A main push factor for the deal and Israel's other normalization agreements in 2020 was that it facilitated a united front against <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> to reduce its influence in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morocco has viewed Iran as a threat, and cut ties with the Iranian government in 2018, accusing it of funding the Western Saharan separatist movement <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> via <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agreement followed <a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">United Arab Emirates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a> also signing normalization agreements with Israel in September and October 2020. Along with <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Jordan</a>, Morocco became the sixth <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> country to normalize ties with Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agreement">Agreement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg/330px-Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg/495px-Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg/660px-Morocco_Israel_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> (in dark green), <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> (in light green) and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (within the orange circle)</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the agreement, initially announced by the White House on December 10, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morocco will move toward "full diplomatic, peaceful and friendly relations" and trade relations and resume official contacts with Israel, and direct flights will be made between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morocco officially recognized Israel in its communication to Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Kushner, the two countries planned to "reopen their liaison offices in Rabat and Tel Aviv immediately with the intention to open embassies."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minister Delegate <a href="/wiki/Mohcine_Jazouli" title="Mohcine Jazouli">Mohcine Jazouli</a> of the Moroccan <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_African_Cooperation_and_Moroccan_Expatriates" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates</a> said "Judaism is embedded in Moroccan culture," and that Jewish history would "appear in school textbooks and would soon be taught."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serge Berdugo, secretary-general of the Council of Jewish Communities of Morocco, said that the decision to teach Jewish history and culture in Moroccan schools "has the impact of a tsunami; [it] is a first in the Arab world."<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 22, 2020, Kushner and Israel's National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Meir_Ben-Shabbat" title="Meir Ben-Shabbat">Meir Ben-Shabbat</a>, whose family immigrated to Israel from Morocco, were among the high-level officials who boarded a flight from Israel to <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, Morocco, to sign a joint declaration pledging to start direct flights between the two countries, promote economic cooperation, reopen liaison offices, and move toward full diplomatic relations.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States also agreed to recognize Morocco's <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">claim</a> to the disputed <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> territory while urging the parties to negotiate "using <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_Autonomy_Proposal" title="Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal">Morocco's autonomy plan</a> as the only framework to negotiate a mutually acceptable solution." Trump added that his country "recognizes Moroccan sovereignty over the entire Western Sahara territory and reaffirms its support for Morocco's serious, credible and realistic autonomy proposal as the only basis for a just and lasting solution to the dispute over the Western Sahara territory."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kushner called on both sides to work with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in implementing a proposal to give the people of the territory broad autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US also said it intended to open a consulate in <a href="/wiki/Dakhla,_Western_Sahara" title="Dakhla, Western Sahara">Dakhla</a> in the Western Sahara.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel_and_Morocco">Israel and Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Israel and Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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.tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco,_December_2020_4234P_(50749125151).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4234P_%2850749125151%29.jpg/200px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4234P_%2850749125151%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4234P_%2850749125151%29.jpg/300px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4234P_%2850749125151%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4234P_%2850749125151%29.jpg/400px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4234P_%2850749125151%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5197" data-file-height="3712" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Joint U.S.-Israeli delegation meets with King <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI of Morocco</a> on December 22, 2020</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco,_December_2020_4384P_(50749122571).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4384P_%2850749122571%29.jpg/200px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4384P_%2850749122571%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4384P_%2850749122571%29.jpg/300px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4384P_%2850749122571%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4384P_%2850749122571%29.jpg/400px-American-Israeli_delegation_visit_to_Morocco%2C_December_2020_4384P_%2850749122571%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4877" data-file-height="3344" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s son-in-law and senior advisor <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a> and Israel's National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Meir_Ben-Shabbat" title="Meir Ben-Shabbat">Meir Ben-Shabbat</a> leading a joint U.S.-Israeli delegation to Morocco</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In an address on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a>, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu hailed the decision, and spoke of the "tremendous friendship shown by the kings of Morocco and the people of Morocco to the Jewish community there".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the announcement, the Moroccan royal cabinet issued a press release regarding a phone call between King Mohammed VI and Palestinian leader <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Moroccan government reaffirmed that its stance on the Palestine issue remained unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to analyst Omar Brouksy, the agreement had been decided without prior consultation with <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Parliament</a> or with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Saadeddine_Othmani" title="Saadeddine Othmani">Saadeddine Othmani</a>, who had previously expressed his opposition to normalization. Amongst the political parties in Morocco, only the left-wing <a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Morocco)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Morocco)">Unified Socialist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Way" title="Democratic Way">Democratic Way</a> issued statements criticizing the normalization agreement, alongside the religious and youth branches of the moderate Islamist <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)" title="Justice and Development Party (Morocco)">Justice and Development Party</a> in government.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jews" title="Moroccan Jews">Moroccan Jewish</a> community welcomed the announcement.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of activists planning to hold an anti-normalization protest were dispersed by Moroccan police; a move described by Abdessamad Fathi, president of the <a href="/wiki/Al_Adl_Wa_Al_Ihssane" title="Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane">Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane</a>-affiliated Moroccan Instance for the Support of Ummah Affairs, as evidencing that the deal was "imposed on Moroccans". By contrast, rallies in support of US recognition of Morocco's claim to Western Sahara were allowed to take place without interference.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>US Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-Texas), a member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a>, expressed support for the agreement, saying that "if the United States is unequivocal and clear that we stand with our Israeli allies and against our mutual enemies, our regional allies will come together to the benefit of our own national security and the safety of the American people."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Senator <a href="/wiki/Norm_Coleman" title="Norm Coleman">Norm Coleman</a> (R-Minnesota) called the agreement "historic" and an "important step towards greater stability and peace in the region."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>US Senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Jim Inhofe</a> (R-Oklahoma) sharply criticized the Trump administration for recognizing Morocco's claim to Western Sahara. Inhofe described the decision as "shocking and deeply disappointing," adding that he was "saddened that the rights of the Western Saharan people have been traded away."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> also criticized Trump for recognizing Morocco's claim, writing on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> that "Trump was wrong to abandon thirty years of US policy on Western Sahara just to score a fast foreign policy victory."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2021, a draft bill of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">United States Senate Committee on Appropriations</a> for the allocation of 2022's budget said that "none of the funds […] may be used to support the construction or operation in the Western Sahara of a United States consulate."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2020, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a>, Trump's Secretary of State, had announced the start of the process to establish one.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U.N. Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> welcomed the agreement, but reserved judgment on the Western Sahara, according to a spokesman.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UN said that its position on Western Sahara was "unchanged" following the announcement, with a spokesperson of Guterres suggesting that "the solution to the question can still be found based on Security Council resolutions."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 21, 2020, following a closed door session of the security council, the South African ambassador said "We believe that any recognition of Western Sahara as part of Morocco is tantamount to recognizing illegality as such recognition is incompatible with international law."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_world">Arab world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arab world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> welcomed the announcement, saying that the deal would promote "further stability and cooperation" in the Middle East. <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>'s crown prince Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> wrote on Twitter: "This ... contributes to strengthening our common quest for stability, prosperity, and just and lasting peace in the region."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> praised the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tunisian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hichem_Mechichi" title="Hichem Mechichi">Hichem Mechichi</a> said: "We respect Morocco's choice."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/King_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="King Salman">King Salman</a> said "We support the efforts of the current US administration to achieve peace in the Middle East."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Djerad" title="Abdelaziz Djerad">Abdelaziz Djerad</a> expressed his country's dissatisfaction with Morocco's normalization of its relations with Israel, remarking there is "a desire to bring the Israeli and Zionist entity to our borders."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For its part, the <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Society_for_Peace" title="Movement of Society for Peace">Movement of Society for Peace</a> (HAMS), the largest Islamic party in Algeria, considered the normalization of Morocco's relations with Israel as a "sinister decision", and a "threat to the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> countries to introduce them into the cycle of unrest that was far from them, and to bring to the enemy's intrigue on our borders".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding United States recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, Algeria said it "has no legal effect because it contradicts U.N. resolutions, especially <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">U.N. Security Council resolutions</a> on Western Sahara".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian leadership and government media were silent on the agreement, which was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a>, both of which are <a href="/wiki/Hamas#Terrorist_designation" title="Hamas">designated as terror organizations</a> by the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A press statement from the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a>, a Sahrawi nationalist movement, condemned Trump's recognition of Morocco's claim to Western Sahara.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> condemned Morocco's normalization of relations with Israel. A senior Iranian official said the normalization was a "betrayal and a stab in the back of Palestinians".<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> foreign affairs minister <a href="/wiki/Arancha_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Laya" title="Arancha González Laya">Arancha González Laya</a> said that the country welcomed the normalization of relations, but rejected the US's recognition of Morocco's claim to Western Sahara.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> welcomed the restoration of diplomatic ties between the countries but condemned Trump's decision to recognize Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara, saying it breaches international law.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yehuda_Synagogue" title="Beit Yehuda Synagogue">Beit Yehuda Synagogue</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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December 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Palestinian+leadership+silent+over+Morocco%2C+Israel+deal+to+normalize+relations&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farab.news%2Fyqnyf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael%E2%80%93Morocco+normalization+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/russia-says-u-s-backing-for-moroccan-claim-on-western-sahara-illegal-1.9365695">"Russia Says U.S. Backing for Moroccan Claim on Western Sahara Breaches International Law"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. December 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Russia+Says+U.S.+Backing+for+Moroccan+Claim+on+Western+Sahara+Breaches+International+Law&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fworld-news%2Frussia-says-u-s-backing-for-moroccan-claim-on-western-sahara-illegal-1.9365695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael%E2%80%93Morocco+normalization+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2020/12/11/Russia-condemns-US-recognition-of-Morocco-s-claim-to-Western-Sahara">"Russia condemns US recognition of Morocco's claim to Western Sahara"</a>. <i>Al Arabiya English</i>. December 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Russia+condemns+US+recognition+of+Morocco%27s+claim+to+Western+Sahara&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fnorth-africa%2F2020%2F12%2F11%2FRussia-condemns-US-recognition-of-Morocco-s-claim-to-Western-Sahara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael%E2%80%93Morocco+normalization+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-recognizing-sovereignty-kingdom-morocco-western-sahara/">Proclamation on Recognizing The Sovereignty Of The Kingdom Of Morocco Over The Western Sahara</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CountriesAuthoritiesOrganizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Countries</li><li>Authorities</li><li>Organizations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary countries<br />and authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Hamas Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraqi Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syrian Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)" title="Army of Islam (Gaza)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars" title="Guardians of the Cedars">Guardians of the Cedars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon"><i>Gift</i></a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre"><i>Bayonet</i></a> (1972–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid"><i>Entebbe</i></a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict"><i>Litani</i></a> (1978)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera"><i>Opera</i></a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg"><i>Wooden Leg</i></a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush"><i>Bramble Bush</i></a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability"><i>Accountability</i></a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath"><i>Grapes of Wrath</i></a> (1996)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods"><i>Bringing Home the Goods</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict"><i>Summer Rains</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun"><i>Autumn Clouds</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter"><i>Hot Winter</i></a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Returning Echo</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip"><i>Pillar of Defense</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Black Belt</i></a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Breaking Dawn</i></a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Shield and Arrow</i></a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> (2023–2024)</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">peace proposals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a></small> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals_in_the_Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals_in_the_Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_East_peace_proposals" title="List of Middle East peace proposals">peace proposals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a></small> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel_Foreign_relations_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Template:Foreign relations of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel_Foreign_relations_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">Foreign relations of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Algeria–Israel relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Angola–Israel relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Botswana–Israel relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Cameroon–Israel relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Chad–Israel relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Israel relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Egypt–Israel relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–Israel relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Eritrea–Israel relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Ethiopia–Israel relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Ghana–Israel relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Guinea–Israel relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Israel–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="Israel–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Israel–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="Israel–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="Israel–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="Israel–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Israel–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Israel–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="Israel–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Israel–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="Israel–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="Israel–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="Israel–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Somaliland_relations" title="Israel–Somaliland relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Israel–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="Israel–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Israel–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Israel–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="Israel–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Israel–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Israel"><img alt="Emblem of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Argentina–Israel relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Barbados–Israel relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Bolivia–Israel relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Brazil–Israel relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Canada–Israel relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Chile–Israel relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Colombia–Israel relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Cuba–Israel relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Haiti–Israel relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Israel–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="Israel–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="Israel–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Israel–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Israel–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Israel–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Afghanistan–Israel relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Armenia–Israel relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Israel relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Bahrain–Israel relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Bangladesh–Israel relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Bhutan–Israel relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Cambodia–Israel relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Hong Kong–Israel relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="East Timor–Israel relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Georgia–Israel relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="India–Israel relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Indonesia–Israel relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Iran–Israel relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Iraq–Israel relations">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Kurdistan_Region_relations" title="Israel–Kurdistan Region relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Israel–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_relations" title="Israel–Jordan relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="Israel–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Israel–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Israel–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Israel–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="Israel–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="Israel–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Israel–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Israel–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Israel–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Israel–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Israel–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Israel–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Israel–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Israel–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Israel–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Israel–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Israel–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Israel–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Israel–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Israel–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Israel–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Israel–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Israel–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Albania–Israel relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Austria–Israel relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Belarus–Israel relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Belgium–Israel relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Croatia–Israel relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Cyprus–Israel relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Czech Republic–Israel relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Denmark–Israel relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Finland–Israel relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="France–Israel relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Germany–Israel relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Greece–Israel relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Holy See–Israel relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Hungary–Israel relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Iceland–Israel relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Ireland–Israel relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Israel–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Israel–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Israel–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-Luxembourg_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="Israel–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Monaco_relations" title="Israel–Monaco relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Israel–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="Israel–North Macedonia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Israel–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Israel–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Israel–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Israel–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations" title="Israel–San Marino relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Israel–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Israel–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Israel–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Israel–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Israel–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Australia–Israel relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Fiji–Israel relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Marshall_Islands_relations" title="Israel–Marshall Islands relations">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="Israel–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="Israel–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Israel–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palau_relations" title="Israel–Palau relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="Israel–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="Israel–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Israel–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="East Germany–Israel relations">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Soviet Union and the Arab–Israeli conflict">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Israel–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_relations" title="Arab–Israeli relations">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance" title="Arab–Israeli alliance">Arab–Israeli alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Israel–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_periphery" title="Alliance of the periphery">Alliance of the periphery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morocco</a></li> <li>Diplomatic missions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Israel" title="List of diplomatic missions of Israel">of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Israel" title="List of diplomatic missions in Israel">in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Israel" title="International recognition of Israel">International recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_State_of_Israel" title="Legitimacy of the State of Israel">Legitimacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Morocco&#124;link=Morocco_Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Template:Foreign relations of Morocco"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Morocco"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Morocco"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Morocco&#124;link=Morocco_Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Foreign relations of Morocco">Foreign relations of Morocco</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Algeria–Morocco relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Benin–Morocco relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Egypt–Morocco relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Kenya–Morocco relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Libya–Morocco relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Mauritania–Morocco relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Morocco–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Morocco–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Argentina–Morocco relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Canada–Morocco relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Mexico–Morocco relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Morocco–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Morocco–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Morocco relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Bangladesh–Morocco relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="India–Morocco relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Indonesia–Morocco relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Iran–Morocco relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Israel–Morocco relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Jordan–Morocco relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Malaysia–Morocco relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Morocco–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Morocco–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Morocco–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Morocco–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Morocco–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Morocco–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Morocco–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Denmark–Morocco relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="France–Morocco relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Germany–Morocco relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Italy–Morocco relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Kosovo–Morocco relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Morocco–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Morocco–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Morocco–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Morocco–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Morocco–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Morocco–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Morocco–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Australia–Morocco relations">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Morocco–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Morocco"><img alt="Coat of arms of Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="874" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Morocco–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_and_the_World_Bank" title="Morocco and the World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Territorial_disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territorial disputes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal status of Western Sahara">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Initiative_for_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan Initiative for Western Sahara">Morocco's autonomy proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINURSO" class="mw-redirect" title="MINURSO">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island_crisis" title="Perejil Island crisis">Perejil Island crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_African_Cooperation_and_Moroccan_Expatriates" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Morocco" title="List of diplomatic missions of Morocco">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Morocco" title="List of diplomatic missions in Morocco">in Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_diaspora" title="Moroccan diaspora">Moroccan diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_diplomats" title="Category:Moroccan diplomats">Moroccan diplomats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First presidency of Donald Trump</a> (2017–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tenure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Donald Trump's First Inaugural Address">speech</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">Social media</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterm elections</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Government shutdowns</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders by Donald Trump">executive orders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">presidential proclamations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">State funeral of George H. W. Bush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Executive clemency</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">pardon of Joe Arpaio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr." title="Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.">commutation of Jaime Davidson</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Travel bans</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769" title="Protests against Executive Order 13769">protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">replacement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Family separation policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Migrant detentions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">Operation Faithful Patriot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">Anonymous senior official op-ed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Israel–United States relations">Relations with Israel</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">UAE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morocco</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">Kosovo–Serbia agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">North Korea crisis</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">peace process</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Russia–United States relations">Relations with Russia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">Russian bounty program</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">Farmer bailouts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria strikes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela" title="Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela">Proposed invasion of Venezuela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Tsai_call" title="Trump–Tsai call">Taiwan call</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration political interference with science agencies">Political interference with science agencies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">Federal government data breach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Impeachments</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">proposed expungements</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration" title="Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration">2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Steal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop the Steal">Stop the Steal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">continued protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic reactions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international reactions</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Judicial appointments</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the first Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)#January_2021" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">January 2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">2020–2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">by Rex Tillerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">by Mike Pompeo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address" title="2019 Oval Office address">2019 Oval Office address</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address" title="Donald Trump's first farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2021)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement withdrawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Foreign policy</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_during_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election">as candidate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">as President</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">formation</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">Attorneys</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">Economic advisors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">Withdrawn appointees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">Short-tenure appointees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals and resignations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">attorneys</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">inspectors general</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">← Obama administration</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration →</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benjamin_Netanyahu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Template:Benjamin Netanyahu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Template talk:Benjamin Netanyahu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin Netanyahu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benjamin_Netanyahu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Israel" title="List of prime ministers of Israel">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leader of the Opposition</a> (1993–1996; 2006–2009; 2021–2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Chairman of Likud</a> (1993–1999, 2005–)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Governments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Twenty-seventh government of Israel">27</a> (1996–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-second government of Israel">32</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-third government of Israel">33</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">34</a> (2015–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fifth government of Israel">35</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">37</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">38 (war cabinet)</a> (2023–)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Israeli_political_crisis" title="2018–2022 Israeli political crisis">2018–2022 Israeli political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform">2023 Israeli judicial reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform protests">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_drone_attack_on_Benjamin_Netanyahu%27s_residence" title="2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence">2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Benjamin Netanyahu">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">Arrest warrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Likud leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Likud_leadership_election" title="1993 Likud leadership election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1999_Likud_leadership_election" title="January 1999 Likud leadership election">January 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Likud_leadership_election" title="2002 Likud leadership election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Likud_leadership_election" title="2005 Likud leadership election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Likud_leadership_election" title="2007 Likud leadership election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Likud_leadership_election" title="2012 Likud leadership election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Likud_leadership_election" title="2014 Likud leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Likud_leadership_election" title="2019 Likud leadership election">2019</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Knesset</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_general_election" title="1996 Israeli general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_general_election" title="1999 Israeli general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="September 2019 Israeli legislative election">September 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2020 Israeli legislative election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2021 Israeli legislative election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Netanyahu" title="Sara Netanyahu">Sara Netanyahu</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Netanyahu" title="Yair Netanyahu">Yair Netanyahu</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avner_Netanyahu" title="Avner Netanyahu">Avner Netanyahu</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Iddo Netanyahu</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu">Trial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_315" title="Project 315">Project 315</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Clean_Break:_A_New_Strategy_for_Securing_the_Realm" title="A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm">A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Netanyahus" title="The Netanyahus">The Netanyahus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bibi_Files" title="The Bibi Files">The Bibi Files</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Category:Benjamin Netanyahu">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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