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operations</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: post-harvest operations"> <meta name="keywords" content="post-harvest operations"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="post-harvest operations"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1766</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: post-harvest operations</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1766</span> Postharvest Losses and Handling Improvement of Organic Pak-Choi and Choy Sum </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pichaya%20Poonlarp">Pichaya Poonlarp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danai%20Boonyakiat"> Danai Boonyakiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Chuamuangphan"> C. Chuamuangphan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chanta"> M. Chanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current consumers’ behavior trends have changed towards more health awareness, the well-being of society and interest of nature and environment. The Royal Project Foundation is, therefore, well aware of organic agriculture. The project only focused on using natural products and utilizing its highland biological merits to increase resistance to diseases and insects for the produce grown. The project also brought in basic knowledge from a variety of available research information, including, but not limited to, improvement of soil fertility and a control of plant insects with biological methods in order to lay a foundation in developing and promoting farmers to grow quality produce with a high health safety. This will finally lead to sustainability for future highland agriculture and a decrease of chemical use on the highland area which is a source of natural watershed. However, there are still shortcomings of the postharvest management in term of quality and losses, such as bruising, rottenness, wilting and yellowish leaves. These losses negatively affect the maintenance and a shelf life of organic vegetables. Therefore, it is important that a research study of the appropriate and effective postharvest management is conducted for an individual organic vegetable to minimize product loss and find root causes of postharvest losses which would contribute to future postharvest management best practices. This can be achieved through surveys and data collection from postharvest processes in order to conduct analysis for causes of postharvest losses of organic pak-choi, baby pak-choi, and choy sum. Consequently, postharvest losses reduction strategies of organic vegetables can be achieved. In this study, postharvest losses of organic pak choi, baby pak-choi, and choy sum were determined at each stage of the supply chain starting from the field after harvesting, at the Development Center packinghouse, at Chiang Mai packinghouse, at Bangkok packing house and at the Royal Project retail shop in Chiang Mai. The results showed that postharvest losses of organic pak-choi, baby pak-choi, and choy sum were 86.05, 89.05 and 59.03 percent, respectively. The main factors contributing to losses of organic vegetables were due to mechanical damage and underutilized parts and/or short of minimum quality standard. Good practices had been developed after causes of losses were identified. Appropriate postharvest handling and management, for example, temperature control, hygienic cleaning, and reducing the duration of the supply chain, postharvest losses of all organic vegetables should be able to remarkably reduced postharvest losses in the supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest%20losses" title="postharvest losses">postharvest losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20vegetables" title=" organic vegetables"> organic vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handling%20improvement" title=" handling improvement"> handling improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92052/postharvest-losses-and-handling-improvement-of-organic-pak-choi-and-choy-sum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1765</span> Enhancing Postharvest Quality and Shelf-Life of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by Altering Growing Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Soo%20Lee">Jung-Soo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Kumar%20Nath"> Ujjal Kumar Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IllSup%20Nou"> IllSup Nou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dulal%20Chandra"> Dulal Chandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaf lettuce is one of the most important leafy vegetables that is used as raw for salad and part of everyday dishes in many parts of the world including Asian countries. Since it is used as fresh, its quality maintenance is crucial which depends on several pre- and postharvest factors. In order to investigate the effects of pre-fix factors on the postharvest quality, the interaction of pre-fix factors such as growing conditions and fixed factor like cultivars were evaluated. Four Korean leaf lettuce cultivars ‘Cheongchima’, ‘Cheongchuckmyeon’, ‘Geockchima’ and ‘Geockchuckmyeon’ were grown under natural condition (as control) and altered growing condition (green house) with excess soil water and 50% shading to monitor their postharvest qualities. Several growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf thickness, fresh biomass yield as well as postharvest qualities like fresh weight loss, respiration rate, changes in color and shelf-life were measured in lettuce during storage up to 36 days at 5°C. Plant height and the number of leaves were affected by both pre-fix growing conditions as well as the cultivars. However, fresh biomass yield was affected by only growing condition, whereas leaf thickness was affected by cultivars. Additionally, the degrees of fresh weight loss and respiration rate of leaf lettuce at postharvest stages were influenced by pre-fix growing conditions and cultivars. However, changes in color of leaves during storage were less remarkable in samples harvested from of ‘Cheongchima’ and ‘Cheongchuckmyeon’ cultivars grown in excess watering with 50% shade than that grown in control condition. Consequently, these two cultivars also showed longer shelf-life when they were grown in excess watering with 50% shade than other cultivars or samples were grown in control condition. Based on the measured parameters, it can be concluded that postharvest quality of leaf lettuce might be accelerated by growing lettuce under excess soil water with 50% shading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar" title="cultivar">cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growing%20condition" title=" growing condition"> growing condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20lettuce" title=" leaf lettuce"> leaf lettuce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest%20quality" title=" postharvest quality"> postharvest quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf-life" title=" shelf-life "> shelf-life </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71335/enhancing-postharvest-quality-and-shelf-life-of-leaf-lettuce-lactuca-sativa-l-by-altering-growing-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1764</span> The Impacts of Technology on Operations Costs: The Mediating Role of Operation Flexibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazli%20Idris">Fazli Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihad%20Mohammad"> Jihad Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to determine the impact of technology and service operations flexibility, which is divided into external flexibility and internal robustness, on operations costs. A mediation model is proposed that links technology to operations costs via operation flexibility. Drawing on a sample of 475 of operations managers of various service sectors in Malaysia and South Africa, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the relationship using Smart-PLS procedures. It was found that a significant relationship was established between technologies to operations costs via both operations flexibility dimensions. Theoretical and managerial implications are offered to explain the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Operations%20flexibility" title="Operations flexibility">Operations flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costs" title=" costs"> costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18185/the-impacts-of-technology-on-operations-costs-the-mediating-role-of-operation-flexibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1763</span> Post Harvest Losses and Food Security in Northeast Nigeria What Are the Key Challenges and Concrete Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebola%20Adedugbe">Adebola Adedugbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenge of post-harvest losses poses serious threats for food security in Nigeria and the north-eastern part with the country losing about $9billion annually due to postharvest losses in the sector. Post-harvest loss (PHL) is the quantitative and qualitative loss of food in various post-harvest operations. In Nigeria, post-harvest losses (PHL) have been a major challenge to food security and improved farmer’s income. In 2022, the Nigerian government had said over 30 percent of food produced by Nigerian farmers perish during post-harvest. For many in northeast Nigeria, agriculture is the predominant source of livelihood and income. The persistent communal conflicts, flood, decade-old attacks by boko haram and insurgency in this region have disrupted farming activities drastically, with farmlands becoming insecure and inaccessible as communities are forced to abandon ancestral homes, The impact of climate change is also affecting agricultural and fishing activities, leading to shortage of food supplies, acute hunger and loss of livelihood. This has continued to impact negatively on the region and country’s food production and availability making it loose billions of US dollars annually in income in this sector. The root cause of postharvest losses among others in crops, livestock and fisheries are lack of modern post-harvest equipment, chemical and lack of technologies used for combating losses. The 2019 Global Hunger Index showed Nigeria’s case was progressing from a ‘serious to alarming level’. As part of measures to address the problem of post-harvest losses experienced by farmers, the federal government of Nigeria concessioned 17 silos with 6000 metric tonne storage space to private sector to enable farmers to have access to storage facilities. This paper discusses the causes, effects and solutions in handling post-harvest losses and optimize returns on food security in northeast Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers" title="farmers">farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northeast%20Nigeria" title=" northeast Nigeria"> northeast Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest%20loss" title=" postharvest loss"> postharvest loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168603/post-harvest-losses-and-food-security-in-northeast-nigeria-what-are-the-key-challenges-and-concrete-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1762</span> Effects of Grape Seed Oil on Postharvest Life and Quality of Some Grape Cultivars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeki%20Kara">Zeki Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Yazar"> Kevser Yazar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Table grapes (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) are an important crop worldwide. Postharvest problems like berry shattering, decay and stem dehydration are some of the important factors that limit the marketing of table grapes. Edible coatings are an alternative for increasing shelf-life of fruits, protecting fruits from humidity and oxygen effects, thus retarding their deterioration. This study aimed to compare different grape seed oil applications (GSO, 0.5 g L<sup>-1</sup>, 1 g L<sup>-1</sup>, 2 g L<sup>-1</sup>) and SO<sub>2</sub> generating pads effects (SO<sub>2</sub>-1, SO<sub>2</sub>-2). Treated grapes with GSO and generating pads were packaged into polyethylene trays and stored at 0 ± 1°C and 85-95% moisture. Effects of the applications were investigated by some quality and sensory evaluations with intervals of 15 days. SO<sub>2</sub> applications were determined the most effective treatments for minimizing weight loss and changes in TA, pH, color and appearance value. Grape seed oil applications were determined as a good alternative for grape preservation, improving weight losses and °Brix, TA, the color values and sensory analysis. Commercially, ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ clusters were stored for 75 days and ‘Antep Karası’ clusters for 60 days. The data obtained from GSO indicated that it had a similar quality result to SO<sub>2</sub> for up to 40 days storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest" title="postharvest">postharvest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20analyses" title=" sensory analyses"> sensory analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitis%20vinifera%20L." title=" Vitis vinifera L."> Vitis vinifera L.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104422/effects-of-grape-seed-oil-on-postharvest-life-and-quality-of-some-grape-cultivars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1761</span> Potential for Biological Control of Postharvest Fungal Rot of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Tubers in Storage with Trichoderma harzianum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Iorungwa%20Gwa">Victor Iorungwa Gwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebenezer%20Jonathan%20Ekefan"> Ebenezer Jonathan Ekefan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potential of Trichoderma harzianum for biological control of postharvest fungal rot of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) tubers in storage was studied. Pathogenicity test revealed the susceptibility of healthy looking yam tubers to Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia theobromae, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonganae after fourteen days of inoculation. Treatments comprising A. niger, B. theobromae, and F. oxysporum each paired with T. harzianum and were arranged in completely randomized design and stored for five months. Experiments were conducted between December 2015 and April 2016 and December 2016 and April 2017. Results showed that tubers treated with the pathogenic fungi alone caused mean percentage rot of between 6.67 % (F. oxysporum) and 22.22 % (A. niger) while the paired treatments produced only between 2.22 % (T. harzianum by F. oxysporum) and 6.67 % (T. harzianum by A. niger). In the second year of storage, mean percentage rot was found to be between 13.33 % (F. oxysporum) and 28.89 % (A. niger) while in the paired treatment rot was only between 6.67 % (F. oxysporum) and 8.89% (A. niger). Tubers treated with antagonist alone produced 0.00 % and 2.22 % in the first and second year, respectively. Result revealed that there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in mean percentage rot between the first year and the second year except where B. theobromae was inoculated alone, A. niger and T. harzianum paired and B. theobromae and T. harzianum paired. The most antagonised fungus in paired treatment for both years was F. oxysporum f. sp. melonganae, while the least antagonised, was A. niger and B. theobromae. It is, therefore, concluded that T. harzianum has potentials to control rot causing pathogens of yam tubers in storage. This can compliment or provide better alternative ways of reducing rot in yam tubers than by the use of chemical fungicides which are not environmentally friendly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20rot" title=" fungal rot"> fungal rot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest" title=" postharvest"> postharvest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichoderma%20harzianum" title=" Trichoderma harzianum"> Trichoderma harzianum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20yam" title=" white yam"> white yam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122946/potential-for-biological-control-of-postharvest-fungal-rot-of-white-yam-dioscorea-rotundata-poir-tubers-in-storage-with-trichoderma-harzianum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1760</span> Investigation of Active Modified Atmosphere and Nanoparticle Packaging on Quality of Tomatoes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti">M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yoosefian"> S. H. Yoosefian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mohammad-Razdari"> A. Mohammad-Razdari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the effects of Ag nanoparticle polyethylene film and active modified atmosphere on the postharvest quality of tomatoes stored at 6 ºC. The atmosphere composition used in the packaging was 7% O<sub>2</sub> + 7% CO<sub>2 </sub>+ 86% N<sub>2</sub>, and synthetic air (control). The variables measured were weight loss, firmness, color and respiration rate over 21 days. The results showed that the combination of Ag nanoparticle polyethylene film and modified atmosphere could extend the shelf life of tomatoes to 21 days and could influence the postharvest quality of tomatoes. Also, existence of Ag nanoparticles caused preventing from increasing weight loss, a*, b*, Chroma, Hue angle and reducing firmness and L*. As well as, tomatoes at Ag nanoparticle polyethylene films had lower respiration rate than Polyethylene and paper bags to 13.27% and 23.50%, respectively. The combination of Ag nanoparticle polyethylene film and active modified atmosphere was effective with regard to delaying maturity during the storage period, and preserving the quality of tomatoes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ag%20nanoparticles" title="ag nanoparticles">ag nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20atmosphere" title=" modified atmosphere"> modified atmosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20film" title=" polyethylene film"> polyethylene film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54383/investigation-of-active-modified-atmosphere-and-nanoparticle-packaging-on-quality-of-tomatoes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1759</span> Crop Losses, Produce Storage and Food Security, the Nexus: Attaining Sustainable Maize Production in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Iledun%20Oyewole">Charles Iledun Oyewole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harira%20Shuaib"> Harira Shuaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While fulfilling the food security of an increasing population like Nigeria remains a major global concern, more than one-third of crop harvested is lost or wasted during harvesting or in postharvest operations. Reducing the harvest and postharvest losses, especially in developing countries, could be a sustainable solution to increase food availability, eliminate hunger and improve farmers’ livelihoods. Nigeria is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa with insufficient food production and high food import bill, which has had debilitating effects on the country’s economy. One of the goals of Nigeria’s agricultural development policy is to ensure that, the nation produces enough food and be less dependent on importation so as to ensure adequate and affordable food for all. Maize could fill the food gap in Nigeria’s effort to beat hunger and food insecurity. Maize is the most important cereal after rice and its production contributes immensely to food availability on the tables of many Nigerians. Maize grains constitute primary source of food for large percentage of the Nigerian populace, thus a considerable waste of this valuable food pre and post-harvest constitutes such a major agricultural bottleneck; that the reduction of pre and post-harvest losses is now a common food security strategy. In surveys conducted, as much as 60% maize outputs can be lost on the field and during the storage stage due to technical inefficiency. Field losses due to rodent damage alone can account for between 10% - 60% grain losses depending on the location. While the use of scientific storage methods can reduce losses below 2% in storage, timely harvesting of crop can check losses on the fields resulting from rodent damage or pest infestation. A push for increased crop production must be complemented by available and affordable post-harvest technologies that will reduce losses on farmers’ fields as well as in storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20policy" title="government policy">government policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20increase" title=" population increase"> population increase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20food%20production" title=" sustainable food production"> sustainable food production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20losses" title=" yield losses"> yield losses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132227/crop-losses-produce-storage-and-food-security-the-nexus-attaining-sustainable-maize-production-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1758</span> Western and Eastern Ways of Special Warfare: The Strategic History of Special Operations from Western and Eastern Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Kok%20Wey%20Leong">Adam Kok Wey Leong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Special operations were supposedly a new way of irregular warfare that was officially formed during World War 2. For example, the famous British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Americans’ Office for Strategic Services (OSS) – the forerunners of modern day CIA were born in World War 2. These special operations units were tasked with the conduct of sabotage and subversion activities behind enemy lines, placing great importance in forming Fifth Column activities and supporting resistance movements. This pointed to a paradoxical argument that modern day special operations is a product of Western modern military innovation but utilizing Eastern ways of ‘ungentlemanly’ warfare. This thesis is superfluous as special operations had been well practised by both ancient Western empires such as the Greeks and Romans, and around the same time in the East, such as in China, and Japan. This paper will describe the practice of special operations, first from the Western military history of the Greeks during the Peloponnesian war. It will then highlight the similar practice of special operations by the Near Eastern Assassins and Eastern militaries by using examples from the Chinese and the Japanese. This paper propounds that special operations, or ways of warfare as a whole, has no cultural and geographical divide, but rather very similarly practiced by men from all over the world. Ideas of fighting, killing and ultimately winning a war have similar undertones – attempts to find ways to win economically and at the least time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20operations" title="special operations">special operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20culture" title=" strategic culture"> strategic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ways%20of%20warfare" title=" ways of warfare"> ways of warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Tzu" title=" Sun Tzu"> Sun Tzu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frontinus" title=" Frontinus"> Frontinus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61434/western-and-eastern-ways-of-special-warfare-the-strategic-history-of-special-operations-from-western-and-eastern-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1757</span> Production of Bacillus Lipopeptides for Biocontrol of Postharvest Crops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Rangarajan">Vivek Rangarajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20G.%20Klarke"> Kim G. Klarke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With overpopulation threatening the world’s ability to feed itself, food production and protection has become a major issue, especially in developing countries. Almost one-third of the food produced for human consumption, around 1.3 billion tonnes, is either wasted or lost annually. Postharvest decay in particular constitutes a major cause of crop loss with about 20% of fruits and vegetables produced lost during postharvest storage, mainly due to fungal disease. Some of the major phytopathogenic fungi affecting postharvest fruit crops in South Africa include Aspergillus, Botrytis, Penicillium, Alternaria and Sclerotinia spp. To date control of fungal phytopathogens has primarily been dependent on synthetic chemical fungicides, but these chemicals pose a significant threat to the environment, mainly due to their xenobiotic properties and tendency to generate resistance in the phytopathogens. Here, an environmentally benign alternative approach to control postharvest fungal phytopathogens in perishable fruit crops has been presented, namely the application of a bio-fungicide in the form of lipopeptide molecules. Lipopeptides are biosurfactants produced by Bacillus spp. which have been established as green, nontoxic and biodegradable molecules with antimicrobial properties. However, since the Bacillus are capable of producing a large number of lipopeptide homologues with differing efficacies against distinct target organisms, the lipopeptide production conditions and strategy are critical to produce the maximum lipopeptide concentration with homologue ratios to specification for optimum bio-fungicide efficacy. Process conditions, and their impact on Bacillus lipopeptide production, were evaluated in fully instrumented laboratory scale bioreactors under well-regulated controlled and defined environments. Factors such as the oxygen availability and trace element and nitrate concentrations had profound influences on lipopeptide yield, productivity and selectivity. Lipopeptide yield and homologue selectivity were enhanced in cultures where the oxygen in the sparge gas was increased from 21 to 30 mole%. The addition of trace elements, particularly Fe2+, increased the total concentration of lipopeptides and a nitrate concentration equivalent to 8 g/L ammonium nitrate resulted in optimum lipopeptide yield and homologue selectivity. Efficacy studies of the culture supernatant containing the crude lipopeptide mixture were conducted using phytopathogens isolated from fruit in the field, identified using genetic sequencing. The supernatant exhibited antifungal activity against all the test-isolates, namely Lewia, Botrytis, Penicillium, Alternaria and Sclerotinia spp., even in this crude form. Thus the lipopeptide product efficacy has been confirmed to control the main diseases, even in the basic crude form. Future studies will be directed towards purification of the lipopeptide product and enhancement of efficacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20efficacy" title="antifungal efficacy">antifungal efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title=" biocontrol"> biocontrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopeptide%20production" title=" lipopeptide production"> lipopeptide production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perishable%20crops" title=" perishable crops"> perishable crops</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59838/production-of-bacillus-lipopeptides-for-biocontrol-of-postharvest-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1756</span> Assessing the Actions of the Farm Mangers to Execute Field Operations at Opportune Times</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Edwards">G. Edwards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dybro"> N. Dybro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20Munkholm"> L. J. Munkholm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20S%C3%B8rensen"> C. G. Sørensen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Planning agricultural operations requires an understanding of when fields are ready for operations. However determining a field’s readiness is a difficult process that can involve large amounts of data and an experienced farm manager. A consequence of this is that operations are often executed when fields are unready, or partially unready, which can compromise results incurring environmental impacts, decreased yield and increased operational costs. In order to assess timeliness of operations’ execution, a new scheme is introduced to quantify the aptitude of farm managers to plan operations. Two criteria are presented by which the execution of operations can be evaluated as to their exploitation of a field’s readiness window. A dataset containing the execution dates of spring and autumn operations on 93 fields in Iowa, USA, over two years, was considered as an example and used to demonstrate how operations’ executions can be evaluated. The execution dates were compared with simulated data to gain a measure of how disparate the actual execution was from the ideal execution. The presented tool is able to evaluate the spring operations better than the autumn operations as required data was lacking to correctly parameterise the crop model. Further work is needed on the underlying models of the decision support tool in order for its situational knowledge to emulate reality more consistently. However the assessment methods and evaluation criteria presented offer a standard by which operations' execution proficiency can be quantified and could be used to identify farm managers who require decisional support when planning operations, or as a means of incentivising and promoting the use of sustainable farming practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20management" title="operation management">operation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20readiness" title=" field readiness"> field readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20farming" title=" sustainable farming"> sustainable farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37757/assessing-the-actions-of-the-farm-mangers-to-execute-field-operations-at-opportune-times" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1755</span> Pre- and Post-Analyses of Disruptive Quay Crane Scheduling Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20-H.%20Yang">K. -H. Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, the quay crane operations have been well studied. There were a certain number of scheduling algorithms for quay crane operations, but without considering some nuisance factors that might disrupt the quay crane operations. For example, bad grapples make a crane unable to load or unload containers or a sudden strong breeze stops operations temporarily. Although these disruptive conditions randomly occur, they influence the efficiency of quay crane operations. The disruption is not considered in the operational procedures nor is evaluated in advance for its impacts. This study applies simulation and optimization approaches to develop structures of pre-analysis and post-analysis for the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem to deal with disruptive scenarios for quay crane operation. Numerical experiments are used for demonstrations for the validity of the developed approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disruptive%20quay%20crane%20scheduling" title="disruptive quay crane scheduling">disruptive quay crane scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-analysis" title=" pre-analysis"> pre-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-analysis" title=" post-analysis"> post-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disruption" title=" disruption"> disruption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88036/pre-and-post-analyses-of-disruptive-quay-crane-scheduling-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1754</span> The Effective Operations Competitive Advantages of Mobile Phone Service Providers across Countries: The Case of Middle East Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yazan%20Khalid%20Abed-Allah%20Migdadi">Yazan Khalid Abed-Allah Migdadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is identifying the effective operations competitive advantages of mobile phone service providers across countries. All Arab countries in the Middle East region were surveyed except Syria, and 27 out of 31 service providers were surveyed. Data collected from corporations’ annual reports, websites and other professional institutions published sources. Multiple linear regression analysis test was used to identify the relationship between operations competitive advantages and market share. The effective operations competitive advantages were; diversity of offers and service accessibility <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title="competitive advantage">competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20telecommunication%20operations" title=" mobile telecommunication operations"> mobile telecommunication operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20provider" title=" service provider"> service provider</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71025/the-effective-operations-competitive-advantages-of-mobile-phone-service-providers-across-countries-the-case-of-middle-east-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1753</span> The Importance of Information in Psychological Operations for Counterterrorism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Fazelinia">Abbas Fazelinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terrorism is not a new phenomenon to the world, yet it remains difficult to define and to counter. Countering terrorism requires several measures that must be taken at the same time. Counterterrorism strategies of most countries depend on military measures. However, those strategies should also focus on nonlethal measures, such as economic, political, and social measures. The psychological dimensions of terrorism must be understood, evaluated, and used in countering terrorism. This study suggests that psychological operations, as nonlethal military operations, can be used to influence individuals not to join terrorist organizations and to facilitate defections from terrorist organizations. However, in order to implement effective psychological operations, one has to have appropriate intelligence about terrorist organizations. Examining terrorist organizations help us to identify their vulnerabilities and obtain this intelligence. This article concludes that terrorists’ motivations, terrorist organizations’ radicalization, recruitment, and conversion processes, ideology, goals, strategies, and general structure form the intelligence requirement for psychological operations in counterterrorism. The methodology used in this article is a mixed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20operations" title="psychological operations">psychological operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorist" title=" terrorist"> terrorist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterterrorism" title=" counterterrorism"> counterterrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48243/the-importance-of-information-in-psychological-operations-for-counterterrorism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1752</span> Preharvest and Postharvest Factors Influencing Resveratrol, Myricetin and Quercetin Content of Wine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Khomasuridze">Mariam Khomasuridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Chkhartishvili"> Nino Chkhartishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irma%20Chanturia"> Irma Chanturia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of preharvest and postharvest factors on resveratrol, myricetin and quercetin content of wine was studied during the experiment. The content of cis and trans resveratrol, myricetin and quercetin were analyzed by HPLC. In frame of experiment, the various factors affecting on wine composition were researched: variety, climate, viticulture practices, grape maturity, harvesting methods and wine making techniques. The results have shown that varietal potential and amount of yield play the most important role in formation of antioxidant compounds. Based on achieved results, the usage of medium roast oak chips protects resveratrol, myricetin, and quercetin from coagulation and precipitation. Compared to the control samples, the wines, produced by addition of oak chips were approximately four times richer with these antioxidant compounds. The retention of resveratrol was lowered with 45 % in wines, producing in Qvevri by Georgian traditional technology without controlling temperature during fermentation. The opposite effects in case of myricetin, quercetin and total phenolics content were determined. Their concentrations were higher with 56-78%, then in the fermented tank at 22 -25 °C. As the result of the experiment, the optimal technology scheme of wine was worked out, reached by biologically active compounds: resveratrol, myricetin, and quercetin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resveratrol" title="resveratrol">resveratrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miricetin" title=" miricetin"> miricetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine" title=" wine"> wine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76391/preharvest-and-postharvest-factors-influencing-resveratrol-myricetin-and-quercetin-content-of-wine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1751</span> Biological Control of Blue Mold Disease of Grapes by Pichia anomala Supplemented by Chitosan and Its Possible Control Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esa%20Abiso%20Godana">Esa Abiso Godana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiya%20%20Yang"> Qiya Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaili%20Wang"> Kaili Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Hongyin"> Zhang Hongyin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyun%20Zhang"> Xiaoyun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20%20Zhao"> Lina Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum is among the recent identified diseases of grapes (Vitis vinifera). The increasing concern about use of chemical substance and pesticide in postharvest fruit push the trends of research toward biocontrol strategies which are more sustainable and ecofriendly. In this study, we determined the biocontrol efficacy of Pichia anomala alone and supplemented with 1% chitosan in the grapefruit against blue mold disease caused by P. expansum. The result showed that 1% chitosan better enhances the biocontrol efficacy P. anomala. Chitosan (1% w/v) also improved the number of population of P. anomala in grape wounds, surface and on nutrient yeast dextrose broth (NYDB). P. anomala supplemented with 1% w/v chitosan significantly reduced the disease incidence, lesion diameter and natural decay of grapefruits without affecting the fruit quality as compared to the control. The scanned electron microscope (SEM) concisely illustrates how the high number of yeast cells on the wounds reduced the growth of P. expansum. P. anomala alone or P. anomala supplemented with 1% w/v chitosan are presented as a potential biocontrol alternative against the postharvest blue mold of grapefruit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title="biocontrol">biocontrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pichia%20anomala" title=" Pichia anomala"> Pichia anomala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penicillium%20expansum" title=" Penicillium expansum"> Penicillium expansum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grape" title=" grape"> grape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118815/biological-control-of-blue-mold-disease-of-grapes-by-pichia-anomala-supplemented-by-chitosan-and-its-possible-control-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1750</span> Effects of Multilayer Coating of Chitosan and Polystyrene Sulfonate on Quality of ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4’ Mango </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hadthamard">N. Hadthamard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Chaumpluk"> P. Chaumpluk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Buanong"> M. Buanong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Boonyaritthongchai"> P. Boonyaritthongchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Wongs-Aree"> C. Wongs-Aree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ripe ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em> L.) is an important exported fruit of Thailand, but rapidly declined in the quality attributes mainly by infection of anthracnose and stem end rot diseases. Multilayer coating is considered as a developed technique to maintain the postharvest quality of mangoes. The utilization of alternated coating by matching oppositely electrostatic charges between 0.1% chitosan and 0.1% polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) was studied. A number of the coating layers (layer by layer) were applied on mature green ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4’ mangoes prior to storage at 25 <sup>o</sup>C, 65-70% relative humidity (RH). There were significant differences in some quality attributes of mangoes coated by 3½ layers, 4½ layers and 5½ layers. In comparison to coated mangoes, uncoated fruits were higher in weight loss, total soluble solids, respiration rate, ethylene production and disease incidence except the titratable acidity. Coating fruit at 3½ layers exhibited the ripening delay and reducing disease infection without off flavour. On the other hand, fruit coated with 5½ layers comprised the lowest acceptable score, caused by exhibiting disorders from fermentation at the end of storage. As a result, multilayer coating between chitosan and PSS could effectively maintain the postharvest quality of mango, but number of coating layers should be thoroughly considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer" title="multilayer">multilayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polystyrene%20sulfonate" title=" polystyrene sulfonate"> polystyrene sulfonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Dok%20Mai%20No.4" title=" Nam Dok Mai No.4"> Nam Dok Mai No.4</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96341/effects-of-multilayer-coating-of-chitosan-and-polystyrene-sulfonate-on-quality-of-nam-dok-mai-no4-mango" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1749</span> Melatonin Improved Vase Quality by Delaying Oxidation Reaction and Supplying More Energies in Cut Peony (Paeonia Lactiflora cv. Sarah)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai%20Chen">Tai Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caihuan%20Tian"> Caihuan Tian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuxia%20Ren"> Xiuxia Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingqi%20Xue"> Jingqi Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuxin%20Zhang"> Xiuxin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The herbaceous peony has become increasingly popular worldwide in recent years, especially as a cut flower with great economic value. However, peony has a very short vase life, only 3-5 d usually, which seriously affects its commodity value. In this study, we used the cut peony (Paeonia lactiflora cv. Sarah) as a material and found that melatonin treatment significantly improved its postharvest performance. In the control group, its vase life was 4.8 d, accompanied by petal dropping at last; melatonin treatment (40 μM) increased this time to 6.9 d without petal dropping at the end. Further study showed that melatonin treatment significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as reduced sugar content in petals, whereas the starch content in petals decreased. These results indicated that melatonin treatment may delay the oxidation reaction caused by aging, which also provides extra energy for maintaining flowering. Through full-length transcriptome sequencing, a total of 2819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and melatonin treatment groups were identified. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in three pathways, including melatonin synthesis, starch and sucrose conversion, and plant disease resistance. After the RT-qPCR verification, we identified three DEGs, named PlBAM3, PlWRKY22 and PlTIP1, and they should play major roles in melatonin-improved postharvest performance. One possible reason is that PlBAM3 caused maltose production (by starch degradation), maintained the proline biosynthesis, and then alleviated oxidative stress. Another reason is that both PlBAM3 and PlWRKY22 are key drought resistance regulators, which have the ability to alleviate osmotic stress and improve water absorption, which may also help to improve the postharvest quality of cut peony. In addition, PlTIP1 is involved in the sugar signal pathway, indicating sugar may also as a signal substance during this process. Our work may give new ideas for developing new ways to prolong the vase life of cut peony and improve its commodity value eventually. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut%20peony" title="cut peony">cut peony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melatonin" title=" melatonin"> melatonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vase%20life" title=" vase life"> vase life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20reaction" title=" oxidation reaction"> oxidation reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20supply" title=" energy supply"> energy supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentially%20expressed%20genes" title=" differentially expressed genes"> differentially expressed genes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186344/melatonin-improved-vase-quality-by-delaying-oxidation-reaction-and-supplying-more-energies-in-cut-peony-paeonia-lactiflora-cv-sarah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1748</span> Deployment of Attack Helicopters in Conventional Warfare: The Gulf War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Karabekir">Mehmet Karabekir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attack helicopters (AHs) are usually deployed in conventional warfare to destroy armored and mechanized forces of enemy. In addition, AHs are able to perform various tasks in the deep, and close operations – intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, air assault operations, and search and rescue operations. Apache helicopters were properly employed in the Gulf Wars and contributed the success of campaign by destroying a large number of armored and mechanized vehicles of Iraq Army. The purpose of this article is to discuss the deployment of AHs in conventional warfare in the light of Gulf Wars. First, the employment of AHs in deep and close operations will be addressed regarding the doctrine. Second, the US armed forces AH-64 doctrinal and tactical usage will be argued in the 1st and 2nd Gulf Wars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack%20helicopter" title="attack helicopter">attack helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20warfare" title=" conventional warfare"> conventional warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gulf%20wars" title=" gulf wars"> gulf wars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29944/deployment-of-attack-helicopters-in-conventional-warfare-the-gulf-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1747</span> Evaluation of Low Temperature as Treatment Tool for Eradication of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Artificial Diet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20J.%20M.%20Al-Behadili">Farhan J. M. Al-Behadili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vineeta%20Bilgi"> Vineeta Bilgi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miyuki%20Taniguchi"> Miyuki Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junxi%20Li"> Junxi Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Xu"> Wei Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is one of the most destructive pests of fruits and vegetables. Medfly originated from Africa and spread in many countries, and is currently an endemic pest in Western Australia. Medfly has been recorded from over 300 plant species including fruits, vegetables, nuts and its main hosts include blueberries, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruits, peppers, tomatoes, and figs. Global trade of fruits and other farm fresh products are suffering from the damages of this pest, which prompted towards the need to develop more effective ways to control these pests. The available quarantine treatment technologies mainly include chemical treatment (e.g., fumigation) and non-chemical treatments (e.g., cold, heat and irradiation). In recent years, with the loss of several chemicals, it has become even more important to rely on non-chemical postharvest control technologies (i.e., heat, cold and irradiation) to control fruit flies. Cold treatment is one of the most potential trends of focus in postharvest treatment because it is free of chemical residues, mitigates or kills the pest population, increases the strength of the fruits, and prolongs storage time. It can also be applied to fruits after packing and ‘in transit’ during lengthy transport by sea during their exports. However, limited systematic study on cold treatment of Medfly stages in artificial diets was reported, which is critical to provide a scientific basis to compare with previous research in plant products and design an effective cold treatment suitable for exported plant products. The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate and understand Medfly responses to cold treatments. Medfly stages were tested. The long-term goal was to optimize current postharvest treatments and develop more environmentally-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient treatments for controlling Medfly. Cold treatment with different exposure times is studied to evaluate cold eradication treatment of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), that reared on carrot diet. Mortality is important aspect was studied in this study. On the other hand, study effects of exposure time on mortality means of medfly stages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20treatment" title="cold treatment">cold treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20fly" title=" fruit fly"> fruit fly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceratitis%20capitata" title=" Ceratitis capitata"> Ceratitis capitata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrot%20diet" title=" carrot diet"> carrot diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20effects" title=" temperature effects"> temperature effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74212/evaluation-of-low-temperature-as-treatment-tool-for-eradication-of-mediterranean-fruit-fly-ceratitis-capitata-in-artificial-diet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1746</span> Comparing the Sequence and Effectiveness of Teaching the Four Basic Operations and Mathematics in Primary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Sadiq%20Mensah">Abubakar Sadiq Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Usman"> Hassan Usman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study compared the effectiveness of Audition, Multiplication, subtraction and Division (AMSD) and Addition, subtraction, Multiplication and Division (ASMD), sequence of teaching these four basic operations in mathematics to primary one pupil’s in Katsina Local Government, Katsina State. The study determined the sequence that was more effective and mostly adopted by teachers of the operations. One hundred (100) teachers and sixty pupils (60) from primary one were used for the study. The pupils were divided into two equal groups. The researcher taught these operations to each group separately for four weeks (4 weeks). Group one was taught using the ASMD sequence, while group two was taught using ASMD sequence. In order to generate the needed data for the study, questionnaires and tests were administered on the samples. Data collected were analyzed and major findings were arrived at: (i) Two primary mathematics text books were used in all the primary schools in the area; (ii) Each of the textbooks contained the ASMD sequence; (iii) 73% of the teachers sampled adopted the ASMD sequence of teaching these operations; and (iv) Group one of the pupils (taught using AMSD sequence) performed significantly better than their counter parts in group two (taught using AMSD sequence). On the basis of this, the researcher concluded that the AMSD sequence was more effective in teaching the operations than the ASMD sequence. Consequently, the researcher concluded that primary schools teachers, authors of primary mathematics textbooks, and curriculum planner should adopt the AMSD sequence of teaching these operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matematic" title="matematic">matematic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20school" title=" high school"> high school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20basic%20operations" title=" four basic operations"> four basic operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness%20of%20teaching" title=" effectiveness of teaching"> effectiveness of teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8847/comparing-the-sequence-and-effectiveness-of-teaching-the-four-basic-operations-and-mathematics-in-primary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1745</span> A Decision Support System for Flight Disruptions Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burak%20Erkayman">Burak Erkayman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emin%20Gundogar"> Emin Gundogar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayrettin%20Evirgen"> Hayrettin Evirgen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Sar%C4%B1"> Murat Sarı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing competition in recent years, airline companies tend to manage their operations aiming fewer losses in a robust manner. Airline operations are complex operations and have the necessity of being performed just in time and more knock-on relevant elements in the event of a disruption. In this study a knowledge based decision support system is suggested and software is developed. The developed software includes knowledge bases which are based on expert experience and government regulations, model bases and data bases. The results of the suggested approach are presented and improvable aspects of the approach are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20based%20systems" title="knowledge based systems">knowledge based systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20operations" title=" irregular operations"> irregular operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support%20systems" title=" decision support systems"> decision support systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20disruptions%20management" title=" flight disruptions management"> flight disruptions management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2659/a-decision-support-system-for-flight-disruptions-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1744</span> Exploration and Exploitation within Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20G%C3%A5svaer">D. Gåsvaer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20St%C3%A5lberg"> L. Stålberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fundin"> A. Fundin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jackson"> M. Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Johansson"> P. Johansson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exploration and exploitation capabilities are both important within Operations as means for improvement when managed separately, and for establishing dynamic improvement capabilities when combined in balance. However, it is unclear what exploration and exploitation capabilities imply in improvement and development work within an operations context. So in order to better understand how to develop exploration and exploitation capabilities within operations, the main characteristics of these constructs needs to be identified and further understood. Thus, the objective of this research is to increase the understanding about exploitation and exploration characteristics, to concretize what they translates to within the context of improvement and development work in an operations unit, and to identify practical challenges. A literature review and a case study are presented. In the literature review, different interpretations of exploration and exploitation are portrayed, key characteristics have been identified, and a deepened understanding of exploration and exploitation characteristics is described. The case in the study is an operations unit, and the aim is to explore to what extent and in what ways exploration and exploitation activities are part of the improvement structures and processes. The contribution includes an identification of key characteristics of exploitation and exploration, as well as an interpretation of the constructs. Further, some practical challenges are identified. For instance, exploration activities tend to be given low priority, both in daily work as in the manufacturing strategy. Also, the overall understanding about the concepts of exploitation and exploration (or any similar aspect of dynamic improvement capabilities) is very low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploitation" title="exploitation">exploitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploration" title=" exploration"> exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20production" title=" lean production"> lean production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing" title=" manufacturing"> manufacturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32306/exploration-and-exploitation-within-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1743</span> Prospects in Development of Ecofriendly Biopesticides in Management of Postharvest Fungal Deterioration of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Chidi%20Amadioha">Anderson Chidi Amadioha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Promise%20Chidi%20Kenkwo"> Promise Chidi Kenkwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Markson"> A. A. Markson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important food and cash crop that provide cheap source of carbohydrate for food, feed and raw material for industries hence a commodity for feature economic development of developing countries. Despite the importance, its production potentials is undermined by disease agents that greatly reduce yield and render it unfit for human consumption and industrial use. Pathogenicity tests on fungal isolates from infected cassava revealed Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, and Trichodderma viride as rot-causing organisms. Water and ethanol extracts of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Cassia alata, and Tagetes erecta at 50% concentration significantly inhibited the radial growth of the pathogens in vitro and their development and spread in vivo. Low cassava rot incidence and severity was recorded when the extracts were applied before than after spray inoculating with spore suspension (1x105 spores/ml of distilled water) of the pathogenic organisms. The plant materials are readily available, and their extracts are biodegradable and cost effective. The fungitoxic potentials of extracts of these plant materials could be exploited as potent biopesticides in the management of postharvest fungal deterioration of cassava especially in developing countries where synthetic fungicides are not only scarce but also expensive for resource poor farmers who produce over 95% of the food consumed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava" title="cassava">cassava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopesticides" title=" biopesticides"> biopesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo" title=" in vivo"> in vivo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86781/prospects-in-development-of-ecofriendly-biopesticides-in-management-of-postharvest-fungal-deterioration-of-cassava-manihot-esculenta-crantz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1742</span> Multipurpose Agricultural Robot Platform: Conceptual Design of Control System Software for Autonomous Driving and Agricultural Operations Using Programmable Logic Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Abhishesh">P. Abhishesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Ryuh"> B. S. Ryuh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Oh"> Y. S. Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Moon"> H. J. Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Akanksha"> R. Akanksha </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses about the conceptual design and development of the control system software using Programmable logic controller (PLC) for autonomous driving and agricultural operations of Multipurpose Agricultural Robot Platform (MARP). Based on given initial conditions by field analysis and desired agricultural operations, the structural design development of MARP is done using modelling and analysis tool. PLC, being robust and easy to use, has been used to design the autonomous control system of robot platform for desired parameters. The robot is capable of performing autonomous driving and three automatic agricultural operations, viz. hilling, mulching, and sowing of seeds in the respective order. The input received from various sensors on the field is later transmitted to the controller via ZigBee network to make the changes in the control program to get desired field output. The research is conducted to provide assistance to farmers by reducing labor hours for agricultural activities by implementing automation. This study will provide an alternative to the existing systems with machineries attached behind tractors and rigorous manual operations on agricultural field at effective cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20operations" title="agricultural operations">agricultural operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20driving" title=" autonomous driving"> autonomous driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MARP" title=" MARP"> MARP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLC" title=" PLC"> PLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64269/multipurpose-agricultural-robot-platform-conceptual-design-of-control-system-software-for-autonomous-driving-and-agricultural-operations-using-programmable-logic-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1741</span> Operations Guide Implementation Practice in Information Technology Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziad%20M.%20Hejazi">Ziad M. Hejazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%20F.%20Mokhtar"> Hani F. Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Bahabri"> Mohammed S. Bahabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20H.%20Ghafouri"> Mohammed H. Ghafouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Bahaitham"> Ahmed S. Bahaitham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper demonstrates the efforts taken by an Information Technology (IT) organization at Saudi Aramco to establish Operations Guide in a practical manner. Review of related work and literature revealed several important aspects to be considered when implementing the operation guide including Identify supporting IT groups, specify each group roles and responsibilities, formulate the IT operations in terms of processes (input/output), list each process main steps, provide the details of each process main step, develop the RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed) chart, highlight the process KPI’s, utilized systems, and forms. Identified aspects were then addressed in the actual implementation via several practices, including developing the operation guide for all IT supported operations, creating a shared folder for the operations guide, and announcing the implementation to all IT staff. The implementation of the mentioned practice was benchmarked, identified as best in class, and adopted by other internal organizations. Moreover, it was evident and appreciated by IT management. The significance of this study stems from the fact that it might be among the first studies in Saudi Arabia that propose a practical guideline to implement IT operations guide by IT organizations. Additional research significance comes from the study being conducted in Saudi Aramco, one of the world’s biggest integrated energy and petrochemical companies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations%20guide" title="operations guide">operations guide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20implementation" title=" process implementation"> process implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Aramco%20company" title=" Saudi Aramco company"> Saudi Aramco company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20of%20procedure" title=" standard of procedure"> standard of procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156577/operations-guide-implementation-practice-in-information-technology-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1740</span> Surface Sterilization Retain Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Strawberry and Cherry Tomato during Modified Atmosphere Packaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20Young%20Kim">Ju Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Zahirul%20Islam"> Mohammad Zahirul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmuda%20Akter%20Mele"> Mahmuda Akter Mele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Jeong%20Han"> Su Jeong Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk%20Sung%20Yoon"> Hyuk Sung Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Lee%20Choi"> In-Lee Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Min%20Kang"> Ho-Min Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strawberry and tomato fruits were harvested at the red ripens maturity stage in the Republic of Korea. The fruits were dipped in fungi solution and afterwards were sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas. Some fruits were dipped in 150μL/L NaOCl solution for 10 minutes, and others were treated with 5μL/L ClO2 gas for 12 hours and packed with 20,000 cc OTR (oxygen transmission rate) film, the rest were packed in 10,000 cc OTR film inserted with 5μL/L ClO2 gas. 5μL/L ClO2 gas insert treatment showed the lowest carbon dioxide and ethylene, and the highest oxygen concentration was on the final storage day (15th day) in both strawberry and tomato fruits. Tomato fruits showed the lowest fresh weight loss in 5μL/L ClO2 gas insert treatment. The visual quality as well as shelf life showed the highest in 5μL/L ClO2 gas insert treatment of both strawberry and tomato fruits. In addition, the fungal incidence of strawberry and tomato fruits were the most suppressed in 5μL/L ClO2 gas insert treatment. 5μL/L ClO2 gas insert treatment showed higher firmness and soluble solids in both strawberry and tomato fruits. So, 5μL/L ClO2 gas insert treatment may be useful to prevent the fungal incidence as well as retaining the postharvest quality, and increase the shelf life of strawberry and tomato fruits for long term storage. This study was supported by Export Promotion Technology Development Program (314027-03), IPET, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorine%20dioxide" title="chlorine dioxide">chlorine dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene" title=" ethylene"> ethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hypochlorite" title=" sodium hypochlorite"> sodium hypochlorite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67444/surface-sterilization-retain-postharvest-quality-and-shelf-life-of-strawberry-and-cherry-tomato-during-modified-atmosphere-packaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1739</span> Regulation of the Commercial Credits in the Foreign Exchange Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marija%20Vicic">Marija Vicic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of commercial credit regulation in an unified way under Law on Foreign Exchange Operations in Republic of Serbia allows an easier state monitoring of credit operations performed by non-professionals on foreign exchange market. By broadly defining the term “commercial credits“, the state (i.e. National Bank of Serbia) is given the authority to monitor the performance of all obligations under commercial contracts in which the obligations are not performed simultaneously. In the first part of the paper, the author analyses the economic gist of commercial credits with the purpose of giving an insight into their special treatment. The author examines the term „commercial credits“ given in Law on foreign exchange operations and the difference between financial credits and irregular commercial credits (exports and imports of goods and services deemed to be commercial credits) is particularly highlighted. In the second part, the author emphasizes the specifics of commercial credit contracts, especially the effects of special requests for the parties to these contracts to notify National Bank of Serbia and specific regulations regarding maturity of obligations under these commercial credits and the assignment and compensation of the said contracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20credit" title="commercial credit">commercial credit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20exchange%20operations" title=" foreign exchange operations"> foreign exchange operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20transactions" title=" commercial transactions"> commercial transactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deferred%20payment" title=" deferred payment"> deferred payment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advance%20payment" title=" advance payment"> advance payment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28non%29%20resident" title=" (non) resident"> (non) resident</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27991/regulation-of-the-commercial-credits-in-the-foreign-exchange-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1738</span> Quantum Computing with Qudits on a Graph</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksey%20Fedorov">Aleksey Fedorov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building a scalable platform for quantum computing remains one of the most challenging tasks in quantum science and technologies. However, the implementation of most important quantum operations with qubits (quantum analogues of classical bits), such as multiqubit Toffoli gate, requires either a polynomial number of operation or a linear number of operations with the use of ancilla qubits. Therefore, the reduction of the number of operations in the presence of scalability is a crucial goal in quantum information processing. One of the most elegant ideas in this direction is to use qudits (multilevel systems) instead of qubits and rely on additional levels of qudits instead of ancillas. Although some of the already obtained results demonstrate a reduction of the number of operation, they suffer from high complexity and/or of the absence of scalability. We show a strong reduction of the number of operations for the realization of the Toffoli gate by using qudits for a scalable multi-qudit processor. This is done on the basis of a general relation between the dimensionality of qudits and their topology of connections, that we derived. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20computing" title="quantum computing">quantum computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qudits" title=" qudits"> qudits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toffoli%20gates" title=" Toffoli gates"> Toffoli gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gate%20decomposition" title=" gate decomposition"> gate decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126171/quantum-computing-with-qudits-on-a-graph" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1737</span> Dewatering Agents for Granular Bauxite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Diniz%20Fecchio">Bruno Diniz Fecchio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operations have been demanding increasingly challenging operational targets for the dewatering process, requiring lower humidity for concentrates. Chemical dewatering agents are able to improve solid/liquid separation processes, allowing operations to deal with increased complexity caused by either mineralogical changes or seasonal events that present operations with challenging moisture requirements for transportation and downstream steps. These chemicals reduce water retention by reducing the capillary pressure of the mineral and contributing to improved water drainage. This current study addresses the reagent effects on pile dewatering for Bauxite. Such chemicals were able to decrease the moisture of granulated Bauxite (particle size of 5 – 50 mm). The results of the laboratory scale tests and industrial trials presented the obtention of up to 11% relative moisture reduction, which reinforced the strong interaction between dewatering agents and the particle surface of granulated Bauxite. The evaluated dewatering agents, however, did not present any negative impact on these operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bauxite" title="bauxite">bauxite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dewatering%20agents" title=" dewatering agents"> dewatering agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20dewatering" title=" pile dewatering"> pile dewatering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20reduction" title=" moisture reduction"> moisture reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162764/dewatering-agents-for-granular-bauxite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-harvest%20operations&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-harvest%20operations&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-harvest%20operations&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-harvest%20operations&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-harvest%20operations&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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