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<button type="submit" class="searchform-submit"><span class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Submit</span></button> </form></div> </div> </header> <main id="main" class="site-main clr"> <div id="content-wrap" class="container clr"> <div id="primary" class="content-area clr"> <div id="content" class="site-content clr"> <article id="single-blocks" class="single-page-article wpex-clr"> <div class="single-page-content entry clr"><h1 class="old-title">Very old papers</h1> <button class="accordion-open-everything old-button">open/close all abstracts</button> <h2 style="clear:left">Old papers on consciousness</h2> <P><P>Here are my first papers on consciousness, two written in late 1987 at Oxford when I was a graduate student studying mathematics, the next two written in 1989 and 1990 when I had just started at Indiana as a graduate student in philosophy an cognitive science. Click on “+” for abstract and for download options.</p> <div id="accordion-1" class="accordion no-js" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <a href="../papers/oxford1.pdf"><img loading="lazy" width="2000" height="2000" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/09/pdf-icon.png" alt="download pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-802" /></a><h3 id="accordion-1-t1" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-1-c1" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Consciousness: The First-Person and Third-Person Views</h3><div id="accordion-1-c1" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-1-t1" aria-hidden="true"> Focuses on whether machines would talk about consciousness and would be puzzled about consciousness. Contains a (sort of) argument against the possibility of zombies! <a href="../papers/oxford1.pdf">[pdf]</a>. </div> <a href="../papers/oxford2.pdf"><img loading="lazy" width="2000" height="2000" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/09/pdf-icon.png" alt="download pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-802" /></a><h3 id="accordion-1-t2" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-1-c2" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Mind, Pattern, and Information</h3><div id="accordion-1-c2" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-1-t2" aria-hidden="true"> A sketchy proto-theory of consciousness in terms of pattern and information. This eventually turned into the double-aspect theory of information presented (still sketchily) in <em>The Conscious Mind</em>. <a href="../papers/oxford2.pdf">[pdf]</a>. </div> <a href="../notes/first-third.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" alt="pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-1-t3" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-1-c3" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >The First-Person and Third-Person Views</h3><div id="accordion-1-c3" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-1-t3" aria-hidden="true"> <p>An early high-level overview of "first-person" and "third-person" issues about consciousness. This was Part I of a supposedly 3-part paper – the two remaining parts got turned into my paper "<A HREF="../papers/c-and-c.html">Consciousness and Cognition"</A>. This part doesn’t reach any firm conclusions, but it captures something of the eternal internal struggle. <A HREF="../notes/first-third.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../papers/c-and-c.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" alt="pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-1-t4" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-1-c4" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Consciousness and Cognition</h3><div id="accordion-1-c4" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-1-t4" aria-hidden="true"> <P>Written when I was a graduate student at Indiana. The paper talks about the odd fact that even if consciousness is not reductively explainable, our <I>claims</I> about consciousness should be, and discusses various ways in which this tension might be resolved, eventually proposing a proto-theory of consciousness based on the notions of pattern and information. I no longer agree with everything in this paper, and it gets a bit wild toward the end, but it covers some interesting issues. I’ve never tried to publish it, but it’s still among my favorites and I’m hoping to return to these issues before long. <A HREF="https://consc.net/papers/c-and-c.html">[html]</A> <A HREF="https://consc.net/papers/c-and-c.ps">[ps]</A></P> </div> </div> <H2>Old proto-papers</H2> <P>These are a few unfinished papers on a variety of subjects, mostly written around when I was graduate student at Indiana. I set these aside because I wasn’t quite happy with them, or because I didn’t think they were very significant, or because they evolved into something else, or because I am lazy, but looking at them now I quite enjoy them. My later self may not endorse every youthful excess here, but there are some interesting bits and pieces.</P> <div id="accordion-2" class="accordion no-js" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <a href="../notes/humor.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" alt="pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-2-t1" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-2-c1" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >A Taxonomy of Cognitive Jokes</h3><div id="accordion-2-c1" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-2-t1" aria-hidden="true"> <p>This was my inner taxonomist at work. (See my <A HREF="biblio.html">bibliography</A> for another example of this sad trait.) Following a workshop on humor at CRCC, during which innumerable jokes were told and dissected, this was my attempt to fit all of the jokes into a few basic templates. Unfortunately the jokes themselves are given only one-line summaries, so I wish you luck with recognizing them. <A HREF="../notes/humor.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/analog.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" alt="pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-2-t2" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-2-c2" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >On Spaghetti-Sorters and the Powers of Analog Computation</h3><div id="accordion-2-c2" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-2-t2" aria-hidden="true"> <p>This has a few jottings on the existence of "spaghetti-sorters" and other remarkable devices that seem to be able to compute certain functions faster than any standard computer (a spaghetti-sorter sorts a list of n numbers in order n time, for example, by cutting n pieces of spaghetti with the right lengths and banging them against a table). <A HREF="../notes/analog.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/dualism.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" alt="pdf" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-2-t3" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-2-c3" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >How Cartesian Dualism Might Have Been True</h3><div id="accordion-2-c3" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-2-t3" aria-hidden="true"> <p>On a not-too-far-fetched scenario, inspired by contemporary work in artificial life, in which a Cartesian interactive dualism would have turned out to be true. Indeed, many of the "simulated worlds" in artificial life are Cartesian in just this way. <A HREF="../notes/dualism.html">[html]</A></p> </div> </div> <H2>Philosophical commentaries</H2> <P>These are a few commentaries I’ve given at philosophy conferences over the years. Often I don’t write these up, but these may have enough in them to be worthwhile.</P> <div id="accordion-3" class="accordion no-js" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <a href="../notes/clark-comments.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-3-t1" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-3-c1" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Connectionist Representation and Deep Systematicity</h3><div id="accordion-3-c1" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-3-t1" aria-hidden="true"> <p>A 1991 commentary (for a St. Louis conference on “Perspectives on Mind”) on Andy Clark’s "Theoretical Spaces". I think the idea of "deep systematicity" as the central virtue of connectionism is quite important, although I haven’t got around to developing it in a real paper. There are also some remarks on the relationship between evolution and learning. <A HREF="../notes/clark-comments.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/hardcastle-comments.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-3-t2" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-3-c2" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Determining the Moment of Consciousness?</h3><div id="accordion-3-c2" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-3-t2" aria-hidden="true"> <p>This was a 1993 SPP commentary on <A HREF="http://www.sfu.ca/neurophilosophy/members/hardcas/">Valerie Hardcastle</A>‘s paper "On Determining the Monent of Consciousness" (published in <I>Philosophical Psychology</A></I>), which argues the neural level can help determine some "Orwell/Stalin" indeterminacies. Here I was in the unusual position of defending Dan Dennett; at the end Dennett was in the unusual position of agreeing with almost everything I said. <A HREF="../notes/hardcastle-comments.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/lloyd-comments.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-3-t3" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-3-c3" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >What is it Like to be a Thermostat?</h3><div id="accordion-3-c3" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-3-t3" aria-hidden="true"> <p>A 1994 APA commentary on Dan Lloyd’s "What is it Like to be a Net?" Most people at the time thought I was joking. <A HREF="../notes/lloyd-comments.html">[html]</A></p> </div> </div> <p></p> <H2>Old Usenet postings</H2> <P>In days gone by I posted to Usenet, and other mailing lists, quite a bit. There was an occasional very good discussion – at least one of my published papers resulted from this sort of thing, and I can see other traces here and there. Other postings were just intellectual curiosity or frivolity. The endless discussions of Chinese rooms and consciousness were too open-ended to excerpt here, but here are a few more specific topics.</P> <div id="accordion-4" class="accordion no-js" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <a href="../notes/pick-a-number.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-4-t1" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-4-c1" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >"Pick a number between zero and infinity"</h3><div id="accordion-4-c1" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-4-t1" aria-hidden="true"> <p>About the time I stood on a street corner and asked just that. <A HREF="../notes/pick-a-number.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/continuum.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-4-t2" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-4-c2" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Is the Continuum Hypothesis true, false, or neither?</h3><div id="accordion-4-c2" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-4-t2" aria-hidden="true"> <p>I asked this question in sci.math and got quite a few interesting responses. This message (which is now part of the <A HREF="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/sci-math-faq/">sci.math FAQ</A>) is a summary and discussion. Lots of information on the Continuum Hypothesis can be found <A HREF="http://www.ii.com/math/ch/">here</A>. <A HREF="../notes/continuum.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/emergence.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-4-t3" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-4-c3" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Thoughts on emergence</h3><div id="accordion-4-c3" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-4-t3" aria-hidden="true"> An attempt at explicating the notion of "emergence" that is very popular in artificial life, complex systems theory, and other parts of contemporary science. <A HREF="../notes/emergence.html">[html]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/rocks.ascii"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-4-t4" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-4-c4" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Does a rock implement every FSA?</h3><div id="accordion-4-c4" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-4-t4" aria-hidden="true"> <p>A comp.ai.philosophy discussion of Putnam’s argument that every ordinary open system implements every finite automaton. A number of people contributed to this discussion, which has lots of interesting byways and raises plenty of deep questions about computation. My <A HREF="../papers/rock.html">paper</A> of the same title descended from this. <A HREF="../notes/rocks.ascii">[text]</A></p> </div> <a href="../notes/realms.html"><img loading="lazy" width="674" height="676" class="accordion-img" src="../wp-content/uploads/2017/08/big-html.png" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-988" /></a><h3 id="accordion-4-t5" class="accordion-title" role="tab" aria-controls="accordion-4-c5" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" >Realms of cognitive science</h3><div id="accordion-4-c5" class="accordion-content" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="accordion-4-t5" aria-hidden="true"> <p>Someone else posted about various "realms" such as those of matter, representation, and consciousness; here I take the conceit and run with it, multiplying the realms and discussing various possible relations among them. <A HREF="../notes/realms.html">[html]</A></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="footer-bottom" class="clr 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