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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vesenstrekk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vesenstrekk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vesenstrekk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vesenstrekk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Domestisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fra_middelalderen_til_den_industrielle_revolusjonen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fra_middelalderen_til_den_industrielle_revolusjonen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fra middelalderen til den industrielle revolusjonen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fra_middelalderen_til_den_industrielle_revolusjonen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_utfordringer_og_endringer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_utfordringer_og_endringer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Moderne utfordringer og endringer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_utfordringer_og_endringer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisk_ull" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisk_ull"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisk ull</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisk_ull-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Produksjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ullindustri_i_Norge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ullindustri_i_Norge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ullindustri i Norge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ullindustri_i_Norge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ullsorter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ullsorter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ullsorter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ullsorter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teknikker_relatert_til_ull" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teknikker_relatert_til_ull"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Teknikker relatert til ull</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teknikker_relatert_til_ull-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ull (tekstil)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 111 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uld" title="Uld – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऊन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81" title="صوف – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2n%C3%A2" title="Lânâ – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lânâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llana" title="Llana – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27arwa" title="T'arwa – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="T'arwa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yun" title="Yun – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Йөн (материал) – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йөн (материал)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Воўна – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Воўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Воўна – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Воўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Вълна (влакна) – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълна (влакна)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llana" title="Llana – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwl%C3%A2n" title="Gwlân – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlân" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolle" title="Wolle – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghaa%CA%BC" title="Aghaaʼ – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Aghaaʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vill" title="Vill – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF" title="Μαλλί – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλλί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool" title="Wool – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wool" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lano" title="Lano – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artile" title="Artile – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%85" title="پشم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine" title="Laine – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olann" title="Olann – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Olann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La" title="La – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="La" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8A%E0%AA%A8" title="ઊન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઊન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%84%AC%EC%9C%A0" title="모섬유 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모섬유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Բուրդ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուրդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lano" title="Lano – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%E1%BB%8B_an%E1%BB%A5" title="Ajị anụ – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ajị anụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Къуымбил – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Къуымбил" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="צמר – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heu_h%CA%8Bnd%CA%8B" title="Heu hʋndʋ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Heu hʋndʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಉಣ್ಣೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მატყლი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მატყლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Жүн – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жүн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufu" title="Sufu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sufu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenn" title="Lenn – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lenn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hir%C3%AE" title="Hirî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hirî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Жүн – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жүн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6l" title="Wöl – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wöl" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkunza_ya_mpat%C3%A1" title="Nkunza ya mpatá – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nkunza ya mpatá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyapj%C3%BA" title="Gyapjú – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyapjú" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Волна – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volonondry" title="Volonondry – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volonondry" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="കമ്പിളി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പിളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="लोकर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लोकर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81" title="صوف – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wul" title="Wul – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ноос – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ноос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="သိုးမွေး – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သိုးမွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="तँय् – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तँय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ウール – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol" title="Ol – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ol" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_(moton)" title="Lana (moton) – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lana (moton)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilik" title="Pilik – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉੱਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D9%86%D9%91" title="اُنّ – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اُنّ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%93%DB%8D" title="وړۍ – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wull" title="Wull – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wull" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%C5%82na" title="Wełna – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wełna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3" title="Lã – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Lână – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lână" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millma" title="Millma – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Millma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Шерсть (материал) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шерсть (материал)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oo" title="Oo – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leshi" title="Leshi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Leshi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool" title="Wool – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wool" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D9%86%D9%8E" title="اُنَ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اُنَ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlna_(pokryv_tela)" title="Vlna (pokryv tela) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlna (pokryv tela)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volna" title="Volna – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhogor" title="Dhogor – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhogor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вуна – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вуна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa" title="Villa – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Villa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="கம்பளி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கம்பளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD" title="Taduṭṭ – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taduṭṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ఉన్ని – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉన్ని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC" title="Пашм – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пашм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCn" title="Yün – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yün" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вовна – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вовна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="اون – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len" title="Len – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Len" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lain" title="Lain – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lain" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linne" title="Linne – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Linne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulle" title="Wulle – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Wulle" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_(barahibo)" title="Lana (barahibo) – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lana (barahibo)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C" title="וואל – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%BF" title="綿 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="綿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%9Fm" title="Peşm – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Peşm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%BF" title="綿 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="綿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Ull_(tekstil)" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Ull_(tekstil)" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&oldid=24673492" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Ull_%28tekstil%29&id=24673492&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUll_%28tekstil%29"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUll_%28tekstil%29"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ull_%28tekstil%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wool" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42329" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg/250px-Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg/375px-Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg/500px-Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Ull <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Ken Hammond </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg/250px-Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg/375px-Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg/500px-Wool_shorn_from_aust_merino_sheep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Ull fra australske merinofår</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wool_Spinning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wool_Spinning.jpg/250px-Wool_Spinning.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wool_Spinning.jpg/375px-Wool_Spinning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wool_Spinning.jpg/500px-Wool_Spinning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Ull som spinnes til tråd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: David Wilmot </div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ull</b> (<a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8nt" class="mw-redirect" title="Norrønt">norrønt</a>: <i>ull</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Bokmålsordboka_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bokmålsordboka-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er fine isolerende <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår">hårfibre</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Pels" title="Pels">pelsen</a> på ulike <a href="/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr">dyr</a>. I dagligtale benevnes gjerne ull som en <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstilråvare</a> fremstilt fra <a href="/wiki/Sau" class="mw-redirect" title="Sau">sauens</a> ullrike pels, men også <a href="/wiki/Kameldyr" title="Kameldyr">kameldyr</a> og flere andre <a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a> kan gi ull. Ull spinnes til <a href="/wiki/Strikkegarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Strikkegarn">garn</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A5d" title="Tråd">tråd</a> og brukes til fremstilling av <a href="/wiki/Filt" title="Filt">filt</a>. Ull har flere kvaliteter som skiller det fra hår eller pels: det har tette krøller og er <a href="/wiki/Elastisitet" title="Elastisitet">elastisk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-D'Arcy_(1986)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Arcy_(1986)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ull var blant de første produktene i <a href="/wiki/Neolittisk_tid" title="Neolittisk tid">bondesteinalderen</a>, etter kjøtt og melk, fra tamsau, og således en viktig del av menneskehetens teknologiske utvikling. I <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8n_mytologi" title="Norrøn mytologi">norrøn mytologi</a> var det en egen guddom ved navn <a href="/wiki/Ull_(norr%C3%B8n_mytologi)" title="Ull (norrøn mytologi)">Ull</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vesenstrekk">Vesenstrekk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vesenstrekk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vesenstrekk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ull er <a href="/wiki/Varme" title="Varme">varmt</a> <a href="/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale">materiale</a> som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isolere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isolere (ikke skrevet ennå)">isolerer</a> godt, <a href="/wiki/Fukt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukt">fuktighet</a> blir liggende utenpå og trekkes ikke inn. <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">Ullfibre</a> er skjoldete. <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A6r" title="Klær">Klesplagg</a> laget av ull har egenskapen at det oppleves varmt, på grunn av luft mellom fibrene. </p><p>I motsetning til <a href="/wiki/Bomull" title="Bomull">bomull</a>, som er et <a href="/wiki/Karbohydrat" title="Karbohydrat">karbohydrat</a> framstilt fra et mykt fiber som vokser rundt <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B8" title="Frø">frøene</a> til <a href="/wiki/Planter" title="Planter">plantearter</a> av slekten <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gossypium</a></i>, er ulltråder en form for <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>. Ullfiber er elastisk, men har dårlig sliteevne og egner seg ikke til <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">tauverk</a>. Den har tilbøyelighet til at briste i lengderetningen og skiller seg således fra andre tekstilmaterialer. </p><p>Det er mange myter om behandling av ull. Forskning har påvist at ull kan kokes, tåler sentrifugering godt og kan dessuten vaskes sammen med andre tekstiler på ullprogram.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestisering">Domestisering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Domestisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Domestisering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mouflon_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mouflon_2.jpg/250px-Mouflon_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mouflon_2.jpg/375px-Mouflon_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mouflon_2.jpg/500px-Mouflon_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muflon" title="Muflon">Muflon</a> (<i>Ovis aries musimon</i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg/250px-PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg/375px-PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg/500px-PSM_V39_D192_Ancient_distaff_spinners.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5ndrokk" title="Håndrokk">Håndrokk</a> i antikken.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Villsauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Villsauer">Villsauer</a> (<i>Ovis</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hadde langt mer hår enn ull. Selv om sauer ble <a href="/wiki/Domestisering" title="Domestisering">domestisert</a> (gjort til tamdyr) for mellom 9 000 og 11 000 år siden, har arkeologiske bevis fra statuetter funnet ved steder i dagens Iran antydet at sauer med ull kan ha begynt allerede rundt 6 000 f.Kr.,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mens de eldste vevde ulltøy har blitt datert til to til tre tusen år senere.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ettersom ulltekstiler er organisk materiale er det ikke lett å påvise det ved arkeologiske undersøkelser. Både produksjon, bruk og eksport av ulltekstiler er en oversett kulturfaktor da så få tekstiler er bevart.<sup id="cite_ref-hardvaluta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardvaluta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauer med ull ble innført til Europa fra <a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Midtøsten">Midtøsten</a> og <a href="/wiki/Levanten" title="Levanten">Levanten</a> ved begynnelsen av 3 000-tallet f.Kr. Det eldste kjente europeiske tekstil av ull er fra rundt 1 500 f.Kr. og ble bevart i en myr i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolmark_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolmark-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noe av det mest verdifulle bronsealderfolket i Danmark hadde var ulltekstiler. Ull var bronsealderens harde valuta, og tekstiler av ull kunne selges med fortjeneste i store deler av Europa nord for <a href="/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet">Middelhavet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hardvaluta_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardvaluta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ull omtales i mange kilder fra <a href="/wiki/Bronsealderen" title="Bronsealderen">bronsealderen</a>, fra tavler med <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>-skrift funnet i <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> på <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a> og bronsealderpalasset i <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a> på <a href="/wiki/Peloponnes" title="Peloponnes">Peloponnes</a>. Fra <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> til <a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_Egypt" title="Oldtidens Egypt">oldtidens Egypt</a>, hos <a href="/wiki/Hettittene" title="Hettittene">hettittene</a> og i <i><a href="/wiki/Den_hebraiske_Bibelen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den hebraiske Bibelen">Den hebraiske Bibelen</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Det_gamle_testamentet" title="Det gamle testamentet">Det gamle testamente</a>) finnes det omtaler av og prise på ulltøy. Det framgår klart at det har eksistert en organisert tekstilindustri fra de eldste tider og at ull var regnet som en verdifull vare. Sivilisasjonen i Babylonia i tiden rundt 1800 f.Kr. var berømt for sin ull. Folket skilte mellom «matsauer» og «ullsauer», og det var også en særegen gradering av ull i tre grupper: fjellull, andrekvalitet og god kvalitet.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolmark_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolmark-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Før oppfinnelsen med å klippe ull, noe som antagelig skjedde i jernalderen, ble ullen enten plukket av sauen for hånd eller gredd med kammer. I romersk tid ble den europeiske befolkning kledd med klær av ull, lin eller <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6r" title="Lær">lær</a>; bomull fra India var en kuriositet som kun lærde hadde hørt om, og <a href="/wiki/Silke" title="Silke">silke</a> som ble importert langs silkeveien fra Kina, var en kostbar luksus for kun de rikeste. <a href="/wiki/Plinius_den_eldre" title="Plinius den eldre">Plinius den eldre</a> skrev i <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i> at omdømmet for å produsere den fineste og beste ullen var <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Tarentum</a> i sørlige <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> hvor selektiv avl hadde frambrakt en sau med overlegen ull, men som krevde mye omsorg.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolmark_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolmark-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fra_middelalderen_til_den_industrielle_revolusjonen">Fra middelalderen til den industrielle revolusjonen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fra middelalderen til den industrielle revolusjonen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fra middelalderen til den industrielle revolusjonen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dyeing_British_Library_Royal_MS_15.E.iii,_f._269_1482.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dyeing_British_Library_Royal_MS_15.E.iii%2C_f._269_1482.jpg/250px-Dyeing_British_Library_Royal_MS_15.E.iii%2C_f._269_1482.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dyeing_British_Library_Royal_MS_15.E.iii%2C_f._269_1482.jpg/375px-Dyeing_British_Library_Royal_MS_15.E.iii%2C_f._269_1482.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Dyeing_British_Library_Royal_MS_15.E.iii%2C_f._269_1482.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Farging av ulltøy i Frankrike, 1482.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg/250px-BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg/375px-BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg/500px-BLW_Wool_Weight_with_the_Royal_Arms_of_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Engelsk vekt (med kongelig våpenskjold) for å veie ullballer.</figcaption></figure> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a> da handelsforbindelsene økte, ble det egne årlige marked som dreide seg rundt produksjonen av ullkleder i små sentre innenfor det franske distriktet Champagne. Fra deres spede opprinnelse i lokale landbruksmarkeder, ble ullmarkedene i Champagne en viktig drivkraft i den voksende økonomiske historien i middelalderens Europa, «rene nervesentre»<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som fungerte som ledende markeder ikke bare for ulltekstiler, men også for lær, pels og krydder. På deres høydepunkt mellom 1300- og 1400-tallet, knyttet disse markedene de tekstilproduserende byene i Nederlandene, særlig Flandern, sammen med de italienske byene som farget og eksporterte dem, hvorav <a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genova</a> var den fremste.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra slutten av 1100-tallet var disse markedene, som beleilig lå langs oldtidens landruter, var i stor grad selvregulerende via utviklingen av <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_mercatoria" title="Lex mercatoria">Lex mercatoria</a></i>. Ullhandelen utviklet seg til en betydelig forretning som genererte kapital og ull fra markedene ble distribuert til eksempelvis <a href="/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli">Napoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> og selv <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> var en av de fremste eksportørene av råull i vestlige Europa, kun rivalisert av landbruket i <a href="/wiki/Castilla" title="Castilla">Castilla</a> på 1400-tallet. Mange land i Europa var avhengig av engelsk råull. Ullproduksjonen i England var en betydelig kilde for inntekter for den engelske kronen, som siden <a href="/wiki/1275" title="1275">1275</a> hadde opprettet en eksportskatt på ull kalt for «Great Custom». Betydningen av ull for den engelske økonomien, som til sist gjorde <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>/<a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a> til en stormakt, kan bli sett i det faktum at siden 1300-tallet har ordstyreren i <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">overhuset</a> sittet på en «woolsack», ullsekk, det vil si en stol fylt med ull. Faktisk kommanderte kong <a href="/wiki/Edvard_III_av_England" title="Edvard III av England">Edvard III</a> (1327–1377) sin <i>Lord Chancellor</i> å sitte på en ullsekk for å symbolisere ullens sentrale vesen og enorme betydning som ullhandelen hadde for den engelske økonomien.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ved slutten av 1700-tallet var det mer enn 300 britiske lover som regulerte hvert aspekt av sauehandelen.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolmark_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolmark-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Skalafordeler" class="mw-redirect" title="Skalafordeler">Skalafordeler</a> ble instituert i klostersetene til <a href="/wiki/Cistercienserordenen" title="Cistercienserordenen">cistercienserordenen</a> som hadde akkumulert store landområder i løpet av 1100- og tidlig på 1200-tallet da prisene på landområder var lave og arbeidskraft fortsatt begrenset. Råull ble pakket i baller og skipet fra havnene ved Nordsjøen og til tekstilbyene i Flandern, særlig <a href="/wiki/Ieper" title="Ieper">Ieper</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gent" title="Gent">Gent</a> i dagens Belgia, hvor råullen ble foredlet, farget og vevd til tekstiler. På tiden med <a href="/wiki/Svartedauden" title="Svartedauden">svartedauden</a>, som nådde England i 1348 (og Norge året etter), var den engelske tekstilindustrien ikke mer enn rundt 10 prosent av den engelske ullproduksjonen. Engelsk tekstilproduksjon økte i løpet av 1400-tallet, blant annet ved at vevere fra Flandern ble ønsket velkommen, og til sist var produksjon såpass stor at det ble frarådet å eksportere råull til utenlandsk tekstilproduksjon. I århundrenes løp har ulike britiske lover kontrollert ullhandelen, og smugling av ull ut av landet, kjent som «owling», var en tid straffet med lemlestelse som å hogge av en hånd.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etter <a href="/wiki/Restaurasjonen_i_England" title="Restaurasjonen i England">restaurasjonen</a> begynte fint engelsk ull å konkurrere med silke på det internasjonale markedet, delvis støttet av <a href="/wiki/Navigasjonsakten" title="Navigasjonsakten">navigasjonslovene</a> av 1699 hvor den engelske kronen forbød <a href="/wiki/De_tretten_kolonier" title="De tretten kolonier">de amerikanske koloniene</a> å handle ull med andre enn England. </p><p>En stor del av verdien av ulltekstiler var farging og veving til et foredlet produkt. Før oppblomstringen av renessansen hadde <a href="/wiki/Medici" title="Medici">Medici</a> og de andre store bankhusene i Firenze bygget deres rikdom og banksystem på deres tekstilindustri basert på ull, overvåket av <a href="/wiki/Arte_della_Lana" title="Arte della Lana">Arte della Lana</a>, lauget for ull: ulltekstilens interesser ledet politikken i Firenze. Beiteområdene i Castilla formet landskapet og den økonomiske veksten i <i>meseta</i>, det store platået i hjertet av <a href="/wiki/Den_iberiske_halv%C3%B8y" title="Den iberiske halvøy">Den iberiske halvøy</a>. På 1500-tallet tillot det forente Spania eksport av <a href="/wiki/Merinosau" title="Merinosau">merinosau</a> kun med kongelig tillatelse. Det tysk ullmarkedet, basert på sau av spansk opprinnelse, greide ikke konkurrere med britisk ull før relativt sent. Under <a href="/wiki/Den_industrielle_revolusjon" title="Den industrielle revolusjon">den industrielle revolusjonen</a> ble det innført teknologi for masseproduksjon i ull- og klesfabrikasjonen. Australias koloniøkonomi var basert på sauehold, og australsk ullhandel innhentet den tyske ved <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>. </p><p>Krig i Europa, skatt og ønske om større profitt var blant drivkreftene i England for framstilling av tekstiler innenlands av egen råull. I små hytter arbeidet vevere og deres familier med omforme råull til tøy som endte opp på markedene i <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> og <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>. Etterspørselen krevde større volum og produksjonshastighet. Den byen som lå i forkant av <a href="/wiki/Den_industrielle_revolusjonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den industrielle revolusjonen">den industrielle revolusjonen</a> var <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, som det ble sagt var bygd på ull.<sup id="cite_ref-englishhistory_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-englishhistory-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industrien begynte på <a href="/wiki/1500-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1500-tallet">1500-tallet</a> og fortsatte inn i <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>. Byggingen av transportruter, som <a href="/wiki/Leeds_og_Liverpoolkanalen" title="Leeds og Liverpoolkanalen">Leeds og Liverpoolkanalen</a>, og senere jernbane til kysten, sørget for at de ferdige tøyprodukter av ull ble eksportert til verden.<sup id="cite_ref-englishhistory_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-englishhistory-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a> var ull den viktigste grunnen til å ha sau. På <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-</a> og <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a> ble nye raser utviklet og importert til Norge. Fordelen med de nye rasene var at de hadde kortere og jevnere ull som var mer tilpasset de nye maskinelle spinnemaskinene. I senere tid har det vist seg at de gir mer kjøtt fordi de er store. I Norge, som i mange andre land, ble derfor de eldre, innenlandske arter nedprioritert, og de var i fare for å bli helt utryddet. Ulla til <a href="/wiki/Gammelnorsk_sau" title="Gammelnorsk sau">gammelnorsk sau</a> (også kalt villsau) er fin og varierer i farge, men på begynnelsen av 2000-tallet rådet en oppfatning om ullgarn fra villsau var for grov til bekledning. I tidligere tider var fibre fra villsau blitt verdsatt som særlig egnet til fremstilling av så ulike produkter som sjøvotter og båtryer.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_utfordringer_og_endringer">Moderne utfordringer og endringer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Moderne utfordringer og endringer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Moderne utfordringer og endringer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg/250px-Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg/375px-Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg/500px-Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann_In_Kriegszeiten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Gutt hjelper mor med garnet, maleri av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hedwig_Mechle-Grosmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hedwig Mechle-Grosmann (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hedwig Mechle-Grosmann</a>, 1914.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales,_1_Dec_1954.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales%2C_1_Dec_1954.png/250px-Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales%2C_1_Dec_1954.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales%2C_1_Dec_1954.png/375px-Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales%2C_1_Dec_1954.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales%2C_1_Dec_1954.png/500px-Babe_Curran_on_right_at_Goulburn_Wool_Sales%2C_1_Dec_1954.png 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Henry 'Babe' Curran (til høyre) av Ginninderra satte to samvelderekorder i 1. desember 1954 ved ullsalget i Goulburn.</figcaption></figure> <p>Grunnet minsket behov samtidig med økende bruk av <a href="/wiki/Syntetiske_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntetiske fibre">syntetiske fibre</a>, ble ullproduksjonen langt mindre enn i tidligere år. Sammenbruddet for prisen på ull begynte i slutten av 1966 med rundt 40 prosent nedgang. Med få unntak har prisen fortsatt å synke. Resultatet har blitt en sterk redusert produksjon og med en bevegelse fra ull- til kjøttproduksjon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maskinvaskbar_ull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maskinvaskbar ull (ikke skrevet ennå)">Maskinvaskbar ull</a> (på engelsk også kalt «superwash») er en teknologi som først kom tidlig på 1970-tallet for å kunne framstille ull som etter særskilt kjemisk behandling kunne vaskes i en vaskemaskin og tørkes i tørketrommel. Behandlet ull er en prosess for å framstille ullfiber som kan konkurrere med syntetiske fibre; lang levetid, holdbarhet og samtidig beholde formen. Konsumentene lærte seg fordeler og ulemper mellom behandlet og ubehandlet ull.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Forente_nasjoner" class="mw-redirect" title="Forente nasjoner">Forente nasjoner</a> erklærte 2009 som <a href="/w/index.php?title=FNs_internasjonale_%C3%A5r_for_naturfiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FNs internasjonale år for naturfiber (ikke skrevet ennå)">FNs internasjonale år for naturfiber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hovedmålet med året er å gjøre naturfibre mer synlig på verdensmarkedet og samtidig framheve dets kvaliteter til forbrukerne, samt bidra til at bøndenes inntekter holder seg stabile. Miljømerking av ull og andre tekstilprodukter er knyttet til miljøbelastningen ved produksjon av selve råmaterialet, det vil si fiberen eller skinnet, og til de ulike prosessene som inngår, for eksempel farging, spinning, garving og etterbehandling.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra norsk forskerhold på <a href="/wiki/Statens_institutt_for_forbruksforskning" class="mw-redirect" title="Statens institutt for forbruksforskning">Statens institutt for forbruksforskning</a> (SIFO) er det uttalt at ull ikke er et entydig begrep: «ull fra norsk sau er annerledes enn annen ull. Og den norske ullas sterkeste karaktertrekk er at den har god krus – og dermed god spenst og styrke.»<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisk_ull">Organisk ull</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Organisk ull" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Organisk ull"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisk_ull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisk ull (ikke skrevet ennå)">Organisk ull</a> (eller økologisk ull eller ubehandlet ull) er ulike betegnelser for det samme. Da kommersielt produsert ull er ofte behandlet kjemisk for å konkurrere mot syntetisk fibre, har det i de siste tiårene oppstått et behov hos enkeltindivider og private strikkegrupper for ubehandlet ull, ofte fra spesielle sauearter hvor ullen har spesielle egenskaper. Mye av denne ullen kommer fra <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> og <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Markedet for denne ullen er mye mindre enn det kommersielle, og produktene er derfor mer kostbare.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organisk ull er å foretrekke av miljømessige årsaker (i kontrast til nylon framstilt av råolje eller <a href="/wiki/Polypropen" title="Polypropen">polypropen</a> som er en <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> som også kan formes som fibre) som materiale for tepper, særskilt kombinert med naturlig binding og bruk av lim uten <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyd" title="Formaldehyd">formaldehyd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksjon">Produksjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Produksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Produksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:HandspinnerSpinning.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HandspinnerSpinning.JPG/250px-HandspinnerSpinning.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HandspinnerSpinning.JPG/375px-HandspinnerSpinning.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HandspinnerSpinning.JPG/500px-HandspinnerSpinning.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Håndspinning av ull.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den globale ullproduksjonen er på omtrent 2 millioner tonn i året. Rundt 60 prosent går til tøyproduksjon. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> er den ledende ullprodusenten hvor det meste kommer fra <a href="/wiki/Merinosau" title="Merinosau">merinosau</a>, men har blitt forbigått av Kina i total vekt.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> er per 2016 den tredje største produsenten av ull, og den største produsenten av ull framkommet ved krysning («crossbred wool»). I <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> er det delstatene <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> som de største kommersielle saueflokkene, hovedsakelig rambouillet (eller fransk merinosau). En voksende andel av småbrukere har mindre flokker av særskilte sauearter rettet mot privatmarkedet for tradisjonell <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A5ndspinning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Håndspinning (ikke skrevet ennå)">håndspinning</a>. </p><p>Det globale mengden ull produsert årlig blant rangert per nasjon (året 2004/2005):<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span></span>: 25 % av global produksjon (475 millioner kg uavfettet/uvasket ull, 2004/2005)</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina"><img alt="Kinas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>: 18 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USAs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></span>: 17 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>: 11 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentinas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></span>: 3 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia"><img alt="Tyrkias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></span>: 2 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Irans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span></span>: 2 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia"><img alt="Storbritannias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>: 2 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="Indias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>: 2 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>: 2 %</li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika"><img alt="Sør-Afrikas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>: 1 %</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ullindustri_i_Norge">Ullindustri i Norge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ullindustri i Norge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ullindustri i Norge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Norge leveres bortimot tre-fjerdeler av all ull inn til <a href="/wiki/Ullstasjon" title="Ullstasjon">ullstasjoner</a> hvor ulla sorteres og klassifiseres. Av denne ulla selges 70-80 prosent til utenlandske produsenter, mens de resterende 20-30 prosentene selges til norske ullvareprodusenter<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Vi har fortsatt noen <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(tekstil)" title="Spinning (tekstil)">spinnerier</a> og <a href="/wiki/Garn_(tekstil)" title="Garn (tekstil)">garnprodusenter</a> som lager garn i Norge av norsk ull, deriblant <a href="/wiki/Rauma_Ullvarefabrikk" title="Rauma Ullvarefabrikk">Rauma Ullvarefabrikk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillesv%C3%A5g_Ullvarefabrikk" title="Hillesvåg Ullvarefabrikk">Hillesvåg Ullvarefabrikk</a> og <a href="/wiki/SandnesGarn" title="SandnesGarn">Sandnes garn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ullsorter">Ullsorter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ullsorter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ullsorter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpakkaull" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpakkaull">Alpakkaull</a> – bløt og glansfull ull fra <a href="/wiki/Alpakka" title="Alpakka">alpakka</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angoraull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angoraull (ikke skrevet ennå)">Angoraull</a> – bløt ull fra <a href="/wiki/Angorakanin" title="Angorakanin">angorakanin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ullgarn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ullgarn (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ull</a> – fra <a href="/wiki/Sau" class="mw-redirect" title="Sau">sau</a> varierer i kvalitet og egenskaper, men er den mest alminnelige ullsort</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamelull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamelull (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kamelull</a> – bløt, kruset og finfibret ull fra <a href="/wiki/Kamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamel">kamel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasjgora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasjgora (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kasjgora</a> – finfibret myk ull fra <a href="/wiki/Crossbredtype" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbredtype">crossbredtype</a> kasjmir-/angorageit (kasjmirull/mohair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasjmirull" title="Kasjmirull">Kasjmirull</a> – ekstremt finfibret og myk ull fra noen typer geiter</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamaull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamaull (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lamaull</a> – ligner alpakaull, men er grovere. Fra <a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a> – grov, langfibret, bløt og glansfull ull fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angorageit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angorageit (ikke skrevet ennå)">angorageit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragg" title="Ragg">Ragg</a> – grov og stiv ull fra <a href="/wiki/Geiter" title="Geiter">geiter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vikunjaull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vikunjaull (ikke skrevet ennå)">Vikunjaull</a> – meget bløt, fin og eksklusive ull fra <a href="/wiki/Vikunja" title="Vikunja">vikunja</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teknikker_relatert_til_ull">Teknikker relatert til ull</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Teknikker relatert til ull" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Teknikker relatert til ull"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karding" title="Karding">Karding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning" class="mw-disambig" title="Spinning">Spinning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klede" title="Klede">Klede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadmel" title="Vadmel">Vadmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauer" title="Sauer">Sauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanolin" title="Lanolin">Lanolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmeledningsevne" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmeledningsevne">Varmeledningsevne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjoddi" title="Sjoddi">Sjoddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryllupsdager" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryllupsdager">Bryllupsdager</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bokmålsordboka-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bokmålsordboka_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ordbok.uib.no/perl/ordbok.cgi?OPP=ull&ant_bokmaal=5&ant_nynorsk=5&begge=+&ordbok=begge">«ull»</a>, <i>Bokmålsordboka</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D'Arcy_(1986)-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D'Arcy_(1986)_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> D'Arcy, J. B. (1986): <i>Sheep and Wool Technology</i>, NSW University Press, Kensington, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0868401064" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-86840-106-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Graven, Andreas R. (14. oktober 2011): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forskning.no/forbruk-hus-og-hjem/2011/10/knuser-myter-om-ullvask">«Knuser myter om ullvask»</a>, <i>Forskning.no</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Mouflon (<i>Ovis gmelini</i>) ble på Korsika lokalt kalt for <i>mufro</i> (hannsau) og <i>mufra</i> (hunsau), og den franske naturforskeren <a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon">Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon</a> gjenga det på fransk som <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128675#page/418/mode/1up">«moufflon»</a> i sitt verk <i>Histoire naturelle générale et particulière</i> (1785–1791)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Ensminger, M. E.; R. O. Parker (1986): <i>Sheep and Goat Science</i>, 5. utg., Danville, Illinois: The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/081342464X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8134-2464-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Weaver, Sue (2005): <i>Sheep: small-scale sheep keeping for pleasure and profit</i>. 3 Burroughs Irvine, CA 92618: Hobby Farm Press, an imprint of BowTie Press, a division of BowTie Inc. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1931993491" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-931993-49-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Smith, Barbara; Kennedy, Gerald; Aseltine, Mark (1997): <i>Beginning Shepherd's Manual, Second Edition</i>. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/081382799X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8138-2799-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hardvaluta-8"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hardvaluta_8-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hardvaluta_8-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/uld-var-bronzealderens-harde-valuta">«Uld var bronzealderens hårde valuta»</a>, Videnskap.dk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woolmark-9"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolmark_9-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolmark_9-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolmark_9-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolmark_9-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060828001755/http://www.woolmark.com/about_education_fibre.php?PHPSESSID=10d80556668ed0847e77b83c64c3c225#selection-859.0-859.13">«Fibre history»</a>, <i>Woolmark</i>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woolmark.com/about_education_fibre.php?PHPSESSID=10d80556668ed0847e77b83c64c3c225">originalen</a> hos Archive.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/142206324/Study-into-Textile-History-and-Properties"><i>Study into Textile History and Properties</i></a>, Scribd</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Postan, M.M.; Miller, E., red. (1952): <i>Cambridge Economic History of Europe</i>, bind II, Cambridge University Press, s. 230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Reynolds, R.L. (1929): «The market for northern textiles in Genoa, 1179-1200» i: <i>Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire</i> <b>8</b>(3), s. 495-533; Reynolds, R.L.: (1930): «Merchants of Arras and the overland trade with Genoa in the twelfth century» i: <i>Revue belge</i> <b>9</b>(2), s. 495-533; Reynolds, R.L. (1931): «Genoese trade in the late twelfth century, particularly in cloth from the fairs of Champagne» i: <i>Journal of Economic and Business History</i> <b>3</b>(3), s. 362-381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Braudel, Fernand (1982): <i>The Wheels of Commerce</i>, bind 2 <i>Civilization and Capitalism</i>, New York: Harper & Row, s. 312–317</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/woolsack/">«Glossary: Woolsack»</a>, <i>UK Parliament</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Friar, Stephen (2004): <i>The Sutton Companion to Local History</i>. Sparkford, England: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0750927232" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7509-2723-2</a>, s. 480–481</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Clark, G.N. (oktober 1921): «Trading with the Enemy and the Corunna Packets, 1689-97» i: <i>The English Historical Review</i>, <b>36</b> (144), s. 521-539.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-englishhistory-17"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-englishhistory_17-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-englishhistory_17-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> Johnson, Ben: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Wool-Trade/">«Wool Trade»</a>, <i>Historic UK</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Klepp, Ingun Grimstad & Tobiasson, Tone Skårdal (29. juni 2016): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forskning.no/meninger/kronikk/2016/06/vi-maa-ta-vare-paa-ulla-fra-villsauen">«Vi må ta vare på ulla fra villsauen»</a>, <i>Forskning.no</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/Economy/10/en">«The end of pastoral dominance»</a>, Teara.govt.nz, 3. mars 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/90a12181d877a6a6ca2568b5007b861c/3852d05cd2263db5ca2569de0026c588!OpenDocument">1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2000</a>, <i>Australian Bureau of Statistics</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> White, Sarah E.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruce.com/machine-washable-superwash-wool-2116163">«Superwash Wool»</a>, <i>The Spruce</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Lyngbø, Cathrine (27. november 2012): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/tema/behandlet-ull-har-n-stor-fordel/63053330">«- Behandlet ull har én stor fordel»</a>, <i>Dagbladet</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421002648/http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/index.html">«International Year of Natural Fibres»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/index.html">originalen</a> 21. april 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. mars 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUll+%28tekstil%29&rft.btitle=International+Year+of+Natural+Fibres&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalfibres2009.org%2Fen%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svanemerket.no/Documents/Kriterier%20mm/tekstiler%20bakgrunnsdok%20no.pdf">Tekstiler, skinn og lær</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112253/http://www.svanemerket.no/Documents/Kriterier%20mm/tekstiler%20bakgrunnsdok%20no.pdf">Arkivert</a> 22. mars 2017 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF), Versjon 4.0, høringsutkast 27. mars 2012, <i>Svanemerket.no</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sifo.no/page/Nyheter/Nyheter_internett_arkiv/10178/80057.html">«Lokal ull blir forskning»</a>, <i>SIFO</i> 17. mars 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Speer, Jordan K. (1. mai 2006): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apparel.edgl.com/old-magazine/Shearing-the-Edge-of-Innovation64530">«Shearing the Edge of Innovation»</a>, <i>Apparel Magazine</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheep101.info/wool.html">«Sheep 101»</a>, se avsnitt «Wool Production - Top 10 countries and states»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071128023802/http://www.wool.com.au/attachments/Education/AWI_WoolFacts.pdf">«WoolFacts»</a> (PDF). <i>Australian Wool Innovation</i>. September 2005. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wool.com.au/attachments/Education/AWI_WoolFacts.pdf">originalen</a> (PDF) den 28. november 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norilia.no/ull/">«Ull - Norilia»</a>. <i>www.norilia.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. februar 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUll+%28tekstil%29&rft.atitle=Ull+-+Norilia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.norilia.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norilia.no%2Full%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Klepp, Ingun Grimstad & Tobiasson, Tone Skårdal (2013): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/aschehoug/docs/ren_ull_cut_/1?e=2026704%2F5078078"><i>Ren ull</i></a> (utdrag som PDF), Oslo: Aschehoug, ISBN 978-82-03-39056</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ull_(tekstil)&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forskning.no/forbruk-hus-og-hjem/2011/10/knuser-myter-om-ullvask">«Myter og sannheter om ullvask»</a> (PDF), av Ingun Grimstad Klepp og Kirsi Laitala, <i>SIFO</i> (2011)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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