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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison_schoetensacki" title="Bison schoetensacki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bison schoetensacki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison_schoetensacki" title="Bison schoetensacki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bison schoetensacki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99" title="ביזון שחואטנסאקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביזון שחואטנסאקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison_schoetensacki" title="Bison schoetensacki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bison schoetensacki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison_schoetensacki" title="Bison schoetensacki – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Bison schoetensacki" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25403446#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct species of mammal</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Bison schoetensacki</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Early Pleistocene–Middle Pleistocene</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.12676923077px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg/220px-Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg/330px-Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg/440px-Bison_schoetensacki_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2813" data-file-height="2685" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Fossil of <i>Bison schoetensacki</i> at the <a href="/wiki/State_Museum_of_Natural_History_Stuttgart" title="State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Bison" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison"><i>Bison</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">†<i><b>B. schoetensacki</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;">†</span><i>Bison schoetensacki</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Freudenberg, 1910</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Bison schoetensacki</b></i>, commonly as the <b>Pleistocene woodland bison</b> or <b>Pleistocene wood bison</b>, was a species of <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> that lived from the Early <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> to at least the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> from western Europe to southern Siberia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its presence in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" title="Late Pleistocene">Late Pleistocene</a> is debated.<sup id="cite_ref-GenomeData_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GenomeData-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bison_schoetensacki&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>B. schoetensacki</i> was generally similar to extant <a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison</a> in shape although there could have been morphological variations among European bisons during late <a href="/wiki/Early_Pleistocene" title="Early Pleistocene">Early Pleistocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_Holocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Holocene">Early Holocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In comparison to <i><a href="/wiki/Steppe_bison" title="Steppe bison">B. priscus</a></i>, <i>B. schoetensacki</i> was either smaller or similar in size but with slenderer leg bones and metapodials, and had shorter and differently shaped horns.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bison_schoetensacki&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite its common name, <i>B. schoetensacki</i> was probably not a mix-feeder, like the extant American <a href="/wiki/Wood_bison" title="Wood bison">wood bison</a>. Instead, dental mesowear of the species shows similar pattern to that of extant <a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleobiology">Paleobiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bison_schoetensacki&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Paleobiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Late Early and Early Middle Pleistocene, <i>B. schoetensacki</i> was the most common large bovid in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossils have been obtained from <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GenomeData_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GenomeData-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mass excavations from the Paleolithic site of Isernia in Italy, dating back to around 700,000 years ago, indicate <i>B. schoetensacki</i> was the most heavily targeted animal by human hunters,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as European bison likely didn't inhabit the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsulas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ranges of <i>B. schoetensacki</i> and <a href="/wiki/Steppe_bison" title="Steppe bison">steppe bison</a> presumably overlapped for some extents.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bison_schoetensacki&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2017 study which attributed Late Pleistocene European remains to <i>B. schoetensacki</i> found it to belong to a mitochondrial clade which is the sister group to modern <a href="/wiki/Wisent" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisent">wisent</a>, and proposed the species as a whole is likely ancestral to modern wisent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GenomeData_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GenomeData-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other studies have disputed this attribution, restricting <i>B. schoetensacki</i> to Early and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> remains.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bison_schoetensacki&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoman_Uchytel" class="citation web cs1">Roman Uchytel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prehistoric-fauna.com/Bison-schoetensacki">"Pleistocene woodland bison"</a>. <i>Prehistoric-Fauna.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prehistoric-Fauna.com&rft.atitle=Pleistocene+woodland+bison&rft.au=Roman+Uchytel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprehistoric-fauna.com%2FBison-schoetensacki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABison+schoetensacki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GenomeData-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GenomeData_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GenomeData_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GenomeData_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalacioBerthonaudGuérinLambourdière2017" class="citation journal cs1">Palacio, Pauline; Berthonaud, Véronique; Guérin, Claude; Lambourdière, Josie; Maksud, Frédéric; Philippe, Michel; Plaire, Delphine; Stafford, Thomas; Marsolier-Kergoat, Marie-Claude; Elalouf, Jean-Marc (10 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5303235">"Genome data on the extinct Bison schoetensacki establish it as a sister species of the extant European bison (Bison bonasus)"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 48. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BMCEE..17...48P">2017BMCEE..17...48P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12862-017-0894-2">10.1186/s12862-017-0894-2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2148">1471-2148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5303235">5303235</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28187706">28187706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Genome+data+on+the+extinct+Bison+schoetensacki+establish+it+as+a+sister+species+of+the+extant+European+bison+%28Bison+bonasus%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5303235%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017BMCEE..17...48P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28187706&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12862-017-0894-2&rft.issn=1471-2148&rft.aulast=Palacio&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.au=Berthonaud%2C+V%C3%A9ronique&rft.au=Gu%C3%A9rin%2C+Claude&rft.au=Lambourdi%C3%A8re%2C+Josie&rft.au=Maksud%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Philippe%2C+Michel&rft.au=Plaire%2C+Delphine&rft.au=Stafford%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Marsolier-Kergoat%2C+Marie-Claude&rft.au=Elalouf%2C+Jean-Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5303235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABison+schoetensacki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonardo Sorbelli, Marco Cherin, David M. Alba, Joan Madurell Malapeira, 2021, <i>A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities</i>, edited by Danielle Schreve, Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 261, DOI:106933, The Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition in Mediterranean Europe</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsolier-Kergoat2017" class="citation book cs1">Marsolier-Kergoat, Marie Claude (2017). <i>Evolutionary Biology: Self/Nonself Evolution, Species and Complex Traits Evolution, Methods and Concepts</i>. Springer International Publishing. pp. 187–198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319615691" title="Special:BookSources/9783319615691"><bdi>9783319615691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Biology%3A+Self%2FNonself+Evolution%2C+Species+and+Complex+Traits+Evolution%2C+Methods+and+Concepts&rft.pages=187-198&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319615691&rft.aulast=Marsolier-Kergoat&rft.aufirst=Marie+Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABison+schoetensacki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorbelliAlbaCherinMoullé2021" class="citation journal cs1">Sorbelli, Leonardo; Alba, David M.; Cherin, Marco; Moullé, Pierre-Élie; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan (1 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379121001402">"A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_Science_Reviews" title="Quaternary Science Reviews">Quaternary Science Reviews</a></i>. <b>261</b>: 106933. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021QSRv..26106933S">2021QSRv..26106933S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quascirev.2021.106933">10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106933</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span> – via Elsevier Science Direct.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+Science+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+review+on+Bison+schoetensacki+and+its+closest+relatives+through+the+early-Middle+Pleistocene+transition%3A+Insights+from+the+Vallparad%C3%ADs+Section+%28NE+Iberian+Peninsula%29+and+other+European+localities&rft.volume=261&rft.pages=106933&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.quascirev.2021.106933&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021QSRv..26106933S&rft.aulast=Sorbelli&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft.au=Alba%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Cherin%2C+Marco&rft.au=Moull%C3%A9%2C+Pierre-%C3%89lie&rft.au=Brugal%2C+Jean-Philip&rft.au=Madurell-Malapeira%2C+Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0277379121001402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABison+schoetensacki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonardo Sorbelli, Marco Cherin, David M. Alba, Joan Madurell Malapeira, 2019, <i>The Epivillafranchian Bison schoetensacki sample from the Vallparadís Section</i>, The Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition in Mediterranean Europe</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThun_HohensteinDi_NucciMoigne2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thun Hohenstein, Ursula; Di Nucci, Annarosa; Moigne, Anne-Marie (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003552109000107">"Mode de vie à Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Italie). Stratégie d'exploitation du Bison schoetensacki par les groupes humains au Paléolithique inférieur"</a>. <i>L'Anthropologie</i> (in French). <b>113</b> (1): 96–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.anthro.2009.01.009">10.1016/j.anthro.2009.01.009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Anthropologie&rft.atitle=Mode+de+vie+%C3%A0+Isernia+La+Pineta+%28Molise%2C+Italie%29.+Strat%C3%A9gie+d%27exploitation+du+Bison+schoetensacki+par+les+groupes+humains+au+Pal%C3%A9olithique+inf%C3%A9rieur&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=96-110&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.anthro.2009.01.009&rft.aulast=Thun+Hohenstein&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rft.au=Di+Nucci%2C+Annarosa&rft.au=Moigne%2C+Anne-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0003552109000107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABison+schoetensacki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsolier-KergoatElalouf2017" class="citation cs2">Marsolier-Kergoat, 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Eva-Maria (September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fd10030065">"The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sex Matters"</a>. <i>Diversity</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fd10030065">10.3390/d10030065</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52062297">52062297</a>.</cite><span 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Bison schoetensacki</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25403446" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q25403446">Q25403446</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id133022">133022</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7843491">7843491</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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