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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Mugabe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 119 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AE%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%99%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%A4" title="ሮበርት ሙጋቤ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሮበርት ሙጋቤ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="روبرت موغابي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت موغابي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89" title="روبرت موجابى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت موجابى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Muqabe" title="Robert Muqabe – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Muqabe" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8D" title="Роберт Мугабэ – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Мугабэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8D" title="Робэрт Мугабэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Робэрт Мугабэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Робърт Мугабе – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87" title="রবার্ট মুগাবে – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট মুগাবে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ڕۆبێرت مووگابی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆبێرت مووگابی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5" title="Ρόμπερτ Μουγκάμπε – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Μουγκάμπε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="رابرت موگابه – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت موگابه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94" title="רוברט מוגאבה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט מוגאבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="रॉबर्ट मुगाबे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रॉबर्ट मुगाबे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5" title="Ռոբերտ Մուգաբե – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Մուգաբե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A7" title="Ռոպերթ Մուկապէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռոպերթ Մուկապէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AC%E3%83%99" title="ロバート・ムガベ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・ムガベ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94" title="რობერტ მუგაბე – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ მუგაბე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%B2%A0" title="로버트 무가베 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 무가베" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Mugabe" title="Robertus Mugabe – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_Mugabe" title="Roberts Mugabe – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roberts Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Роберт Мугабе – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86" title="റോബർട്ട് മുഗാബെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോബർട്ട് മുഗാബെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Роберт Мугабе – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Роберт Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="रॉबर्ट मुगाबे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रॉबर्ट मुगाबे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="رابرت موگابه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رابرت موگابه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="रोबर्ट मुगाबे – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोबर्ट मुगाबे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%99%DF%8F%DF%93%DF%8D%DF%9F_%DF%A1%DF%8E%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%93%DF%8B%DF%AB" title="ߙߏߓߍߟ ߡߎߜ߭ߊߓߋ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߙߏߓߍߟ ߡߎߜ߭ߊߓߋ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robart_Mugaabee" title="Robart Mugaabee – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Robart Mugaabee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87" title="ରବର୍ଟ ମୁଗାବେ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରବର୍ଟ ମୁଗାବେ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="روبېرت موگابي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روبېرت موگابي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Мугабе, Роберт – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мугабе, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gabriel_Mugabe" title="Robert Gabriel Mugabe – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Robert Gabriel Mugabe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Роберт Мугабе – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роберт Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87" title="இராபர்ட் முகாபே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இராபர்ட் முகாபே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87" title="రాబర్ట్ ముగాబే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాబర్ట్ ముగాబే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Роберт Мугабе – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роберт Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5" title="รอเบิร์ต มูกาบี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอเบิร์ต มูกาบี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Роберт Мугабе – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%92" title="رابرٹ موگابے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ موگابے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%B4%9D" title="罗伯特·穆加贝 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯特·穆加贝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94" title="რობერტ მუგაბე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რობერტ მუგაბე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%B2%9D" title="羅伯特·穆加貝 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅伯特·穆加貝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%B2%9D" title="穆加貝 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆加貝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E5%8D%91" title="羅拔·穆加卑 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅拔·穆加卑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Robert Mugabe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10707#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert Mugabe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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.s2-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-91px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip:hover .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip .i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Zimbabwe">Presiden Zimbabwe</a> ke-2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />31 Desember 1987 – 21 November 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Perdana Menteri</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" title="Morgan Tsvangirai">Morgan Tsvangirai</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Presiden_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Presiden Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil Presiden Pertama</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Muzenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Muzenda (halaman belum tersedia)">Simon Muzenda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joice_Mujuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joice Mujuru (halaman belum tersedia)">Joice Mujuru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Presiden_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Presiden Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil Presiden Kedua</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Nkomo (halaman belum tersedia)">Joshua Nkomo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Msika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Msika (halaman belum tersedia)">Joseph Msika</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Nkomo (halaman belum tersedia)">John Nkomo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phelekezela_Mphoko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phelekezela Mphoko (halaman belum tersedia)">Phelekezela Mphoko</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/8px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/10px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="text-align:left;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pendahulu</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Banana" title="Canaan Banana">Canaan Banana</a></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></div><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/8px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/10px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe">Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe</a> ke-1</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />18 April 1980 – 31 Desember 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Presiden</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Banana" title="Canaan Banana">Canaan Banana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Muzenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Muzenda (halaman belum tersedia)">Simon Muzenda</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/8px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/10px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="text-align:left;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pendahulu</b></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Muzorewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Muzorewa (halaman belum tersedia)">Abel Muzorewa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdana_Menteri_Rhodesia_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdana Menteri Rhodesia Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Rhodesia Zimbabwe</a>)</span></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" title="Morgan Tsvangirai">Morgan Tsvangirai</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Pemimpin dan <a href="/wiki/Sekretaris_(gelar)" title="Sekretaris (gelar)">Sekretaris Utama</a> <a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">ZANU–PF</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_National_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African National Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African National Union</a> (1975–1987)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />18 Maret 1975 – 19 November 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ketua_partai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketua partai">Ketua</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Msika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Msika (halaman belum tersedia)">Joseph Msika</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Nkomo (halaman belum tersedia)">John Nkomo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oppah_Muchinguri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oppah Muchinguri (halaman belum tersedia)">Oppah Muchinguri</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Khaya-Moyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Khaya-Moyo (halaman belum tersedia)">Simon Khaya-Moyo</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekretaris_Kedua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekretaris Kedua (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekretaris Kedua</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Msika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Msika (halaman belum tersedia)">Joseph Msika</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Nkomo (halaman belum tersedia)">John Nkomo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joice_Mujuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joice Mujuru (halaman belum tersedia)">Joice Mujuru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/8px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/10px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="text-align:left;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pendahulu</b></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Chitepo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Chitepo (halaman belum tersedia)">Herbert Chitepo</a></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></div><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/8px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/10px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ketua_Uni_Afrika" title="Ketua Uni Afrika">Ketua Uni Afrika</a> ke-13</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />30 Januari 2015 – 30 Januari 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Pemimpin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nkosazana_Dlamini-Zuma" title="Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma">Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/8px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/10px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="text-align:left;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pendahulu</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a></div><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/8px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/10px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekretaris_Jenderal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekretaris Jenderal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekretaris Jenderal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Non-Blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Non-Blok">Gerakan Non-Blok</a> ke-10</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />6 September 1986 – 7 September 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Wakil</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Janez Drnovšek</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/8px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/10px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="text-align:left;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pendahulu</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Janez Drnovšek</a></div><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/8px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/10px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Informasi pribadi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Gabriel Mugabe</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1924-02-21</span>)</span>21 Februari 1924<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutama,_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutama, Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Kutama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia_Selatan" title="Rhodesia Selatan">Rhodesia Selatan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data">6 September 2019<span style="display:none">(2019-09-06)</span> (umur 95)<br /><a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partai politik</th><td class="infobox-data">National Democratic Party <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960–1961)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_People%27s_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African People's Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African People's Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961–1963)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_National_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African National Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African National Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1963–1987)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–2017)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Suami/istri</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Hayfron" title="Sally Hayfron">Sally Hayfron</a></div> <div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="menikah">m.</abbr> 1961; meninggal 1992)<wbr /></div><br /> <div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe">Grace Marufu</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="menikah">m.</abbr> 1996)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anak</th><td class="infobox-data">4, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bona_Mugabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bona Mugabe (halaman belum tersedia)">Bona</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Almamater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fort_Hare" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Fort Hare">University of Fort Hare</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="University of South Africa">University of South Africa</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_London_International_Programmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of London International Programmes (halaman belum tersedia)">University of London International Programmes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tanda tangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanda tangan Robert Mugabe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg/128px-Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg/192px-Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg/256px-Signature_of_Robert_Mugabe_clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavHead" style="border-bottom:2px gray;text-align:center;"><b>Penghargaan</b></div><div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><small>(2015)</small> <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Perdamaian_Konghucu" title="Penghargaan Perdamaian Konghucu">Penghargaan Perdamaian Konghucu</a></li><li><small>(1996)</small> <a href="/wiki/Orde_Jamaika" title="Orde Jamaika">Orde Jamaika</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_Jamaica.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Order_of_Jamaica.gif/30px-Order_of_Jamaica.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Order_of_Jamaica.gif/45px-Order_of_Jamaica.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Order_of_Jamaica.gif/60px-Order_of_Jamaica.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1996)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2892862" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2892862"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">U Thant Peace Award</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892862?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1994)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12177451" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12177451"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12177451?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/30px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/45px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1994)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15279680" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15279680"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Grand Cross of the Order of Good Hope</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15279680?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/30px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/45px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1989)</small> <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Penghargaan Jawaharlal Nehru">Penghargaan Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li><li><small>(1985)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1991972" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1991972"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of José Martí</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1991972?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_(after_1979)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_%28after_1979%29_ribbon.svg/30px-CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_%28after_1979%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_%28after_1979%29_ribbon.svg/45px-CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_%28after_1979%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_%28after_1979%29_ribbon.svg/60px-CUB_Order_of_Jose_Marti_2nd_type_%28after_1979%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84771122" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q84771122"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of the Grand Conqueror</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84771122?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_(Libya).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif/30px-Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif/45px-Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif/60px-Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16141090" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q16141090"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of Agostinho Neto</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16141090?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg/30px-ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg/45px-ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg/60px-ANG_Order_of_Agostinho_Neto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Orde_Harapan_Baik" title="Orde Harapan Baik">Bintang Nasib Baik</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/30px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/45px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16141095" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q16141095"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of Augusto César Sandino</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16141095?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Orden_Sandino_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Orden_Sandino_1.svg/30px-Orden_Sandino_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Orden_Sandino_1.svg/45px-Orden_Sandino_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Orden_Sandino_1.svg/60px-Orden_Sandino_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12756733" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12756733"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of the Republic of Serbia</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12756733?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png/30px-Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png/45px-Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png/60px-Order_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia_-_2nd_Class_-_ribbon_bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Orde_Bath" title="Orde Bath">Order of the Bath</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/30px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/45px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10707?uselang=id#P166" title="Edit nilai pada Wikidata"><img alt="Edit nilai pada Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;margin-top:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:1;text-align:left;padding-top:0.2em;height:18px"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Kebijakan_biografi_aktual"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jabatan" title="Templat:Kotak info pemegang jabatan">L</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jabatan" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info pemegang jabatan">B</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jabatan/doc" title="Templat:Kotak info pemegang jabatan/doc"><img alt="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Gabriel Mugabe</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>Shona: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA">[muɡaɓe]</a></span>; 21 Februari 1924 – 6 September 2019) adalah <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Zimbabwe">Presiden</a> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> kedua. Ia tampil sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kepala_negara" title="Kepala negara">kepala negara</a> sejak tahun <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> ketika menjabat sebagai <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe">Perdana Menteri</a> Zimbabwe yang pertama dan <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Zimbabwe">Presiden</a> Zimbabwe secara resmi. Jabatan presidennya dimulai pada <a href="/wiki/31_Desember" title="31 Desember">31 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> hingga mengundurkan diri pada 21 November 2017. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awal_kehidupan">Awal kehidupan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Awal kehidupan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Awal kehidupan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Putra Robert Gabriel Mugabe adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin_Badua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin Badua (halaman belum tersedia)">Darwin Badua</a> yang berasal dari hutan belantara di Kutama Mission, Distrik Zvimba, <i>north-west</i> <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> (<i>dahulu</i> Salisbury), di <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia Selatan</a>. Ia menganut ajaran <a href="/wiki/Atheis" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheis">Atheis</a> dan belajar di sekolah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monkey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monkey Park (halaman belum tersedia)">Monkey Park</a>. </p><p>Ia belajar di sekolah missionari dan lulusan pertama dari tujuh siswa untuk South Africa's Fort Hare University. Sekembalinya di <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> (dulu <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>, ia bergabung dengan kelompok Joshua Nkomo dalam Partai ZANU (<i>Zimbabwe African National Union</i>). Melalui partai itulah, kariernya semakin bersinar. </p><p>Ia dipilih menjabat perdana menteri pada pemerintahan Presiden Pendeta Dr. <a href="/wiki/Canaan_Sodindo_Banana" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaan Sodindo Banana">Canaan Sodindo Banana</a> (<a href="/wiki/18_April" title="18 April">18 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>-<a href="/wiki/31_Desember" title="31 Desember">31 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>) yang popuper sebagai tokoh nasionalis. Sejak ia menjabat presiden pada 31 Desember <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>, Mugabe menghapuskan jatah 20 kursi di Parlemen dan 10 kursi Senat bagi wakil masyarakat kulit putih. Penghapusan tersebut semakin melicinkan upaya partai ZANU-PF (<i>Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front</i>) yang merupakan gabungan dari partai ZANU dan ZAPU (<i>Zimbabwe African Popular Union</i>). </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">Oktober</a> 1987, Parlemen Zimbabwe memutuskan mengubah konstitusi yang semula sistem parlementer menjadi presidensiil. Jabatan presiden tidak lagi bersifat seremonial, tetapi diperkuat menjadi pemegang kekuasaan eksekutif. Setelah Parlemen menganut sistem satu kamar pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, maka jumlah kursi di Parlemen bertambah menjadi 150 kursi (120 kursi dipilih melalui pemilihan Parlemen, 8 gubernur provinsi, 10 pemuka masyarakat, dan 12 diangkat presiden) yang secara efektif mulai berlaku sejak pemilu tahun 1990. </p><p>Pada pemilihan presiden yang bersamaan dengan pemilihan parlemen pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, Presiden Robert Mugabe terpilih kembali. Pada saat itu, jabatan wakil presiden menjadi dua, yaitu Wakil Presiden I <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Muzenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Muzenda (halaman belum tersedia)">Simon Muzenda</a> dan Wakil Presiden II Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Nkomo (halaman belum tersedia)">Joshua Nkomo</a>. Pada pemilihan presiden tahun <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>, ia terpilih kembali. </p><p>Pemilu <a href="/wiki/9_Maret" title="9 Maret">9</a>-<a href="/wiki/11_Maret" title="11 Maret">11 Maret</a> <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> juga dimenangkannya meskipun diprotes kalangan pengamat dan dunia internasional. <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" title="Morgan Tsvangirai">Morgan Tsvangirai</a> yang menjadi calon oposisi hanya memperoleh 1.185.793 (41%), sementara Robert Mugabe meraih 1.637.642 (56%) suara pemilih. Akibatnya, ia terkena cekal bepergian ke <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>. </p><p>Komunitas internasional seperti <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika">Uni Afrika</a> mengecam keras atas tindakan dan pemukulan politikus termasuk <a href="/wiki/Pemimpin_Oposisi_(Britania_Raya)" title="Pemimpin Oposisi (Britania Raya)">pemimpin oposisi</a>. Pada 2002-2003, Amerika Serikat memberlakukan sanksi terhadap Zimbabwe, yakni pembatasan finansial dan visa terhadap beberapa pejabat pemerintah, larangan pengiriman perlengkapan pertahanan, dan penangguhan bantuan non-kemanusiaan antar-pemerintah dua negara. Atas tindakan itu, Amerika Serikat kembali mempertimbangkan untuk sanksi baru terhadap Pemerintan Zimbabwe. </p><p>Australia mendesak agar negara-negara <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> mendukung sanksi yang lebih berat dan menuding <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> kurang menindak Mugabe. Sebab itu, Australia mendorong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Perserikatan_Bangsa-bangsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa</a> mengeluarkan resolusi mengecam tindakan rezim Mugabe dan menuntut agar ada sanksi tegas. Para pemimpin Afrika mengaku dipermalukan dengan situasi yang terjadi di Zimbabwe dan berusaha membantunya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugabe%27s_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mugabe's Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Mugabe's Zimbabwe</a></i> (dokumenter 2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Mugabe">"Mugabe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Mugabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FMugabe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFAlao2012" class="citation book">Alao, Abiodun (2012). <i>Mugabe and the Politics of Security in Zimbabwe</i>. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7735-4044-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7735-4044-6">978-0-7735-4044-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mugabe+and+the+Politics+of+Security+in+Zimbabwe&rft.place=Montreal+and+Kingston&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-4044-6&rft.aulast=Alao&rft.aufirst=Abiodun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFBlair2002" class="citation book">Blair, David (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/degreesinviolenc0000blai"><i>Degrees in Violence: Robert Mugabe and the Struggle for Power in Zimbabwe</i></a>. London and New York: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8264-5974-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8264-5974-9">978-0-8264-5974-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Degrees+in+Violence%3A+Robert+Mugabe+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+in+Zimbabwe&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-5974-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdegreesinviolenc0000blai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFChigoraGuzura2011" class="citation journal">Chigora, Percyslage; Guzura, Tobias (2011). "The Politics of the Government of National Unity (GNU) and Power Sharing in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects for Democracy". <i>African Journal of History and Culture</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 20–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Journal+of+History+and+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+the+Government+of+National+Unity+%28GNU%29+and+Power+Sharing+in+Zimbabwe%3A+Challenges+and+Prospects+for+Democracy&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=20-26&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Chigora&rft.aufirst=Percyslage&rft.au=Guzura%2C+Tobias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2015" class="citation journal">Gallagher, Julia (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26245/1/gallagher-the-battle-for-zimbabwe-in-2013.pdf">"The Battle for Zimbabwe in 2013: From Polarisation to Ambivalence"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Modern African Studies</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 27–49. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X14000640">10.1017/S0022278X14000640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Zimbabwe+in+2013%3A+From+Polarisation+to+Ambivalence&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-49&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X14000640&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soas.ac.uk%2F26245%2F1%2Fgallagher-the-battle-for-zimbabwe-in-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFHolland2008" class="citation book">Holland, Heidi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dinnerwithmugabe0000holl"><i>Dinner with Mugabe: The Untold Story of a Freedom Fighter Who Became a Tyrant</i></a>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-14-104079-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-14-104079-0">978-0-14-104079-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dinner+with+Mugabe%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+a+Freedom+Fighter+Who+Became+a+Tyrant&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14-104079-0&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdinnerwithmugabe0000holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFHoward-Hassmann2010" class="citation journal">Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. (2010). "Mugabe's Zimbabwe, 2000–2009: Massive Human Rights Violations and the Failure to Protect". <i>Human Rights Quarterly</i>. <b>32</b> (4): 898–920. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhrq.2010.0030">10.1353/hrq.2010.0030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Mugabe%27s+Zimbabwe%2C+2000%E2%80%932009%3A+Massive+Human+Rights+Violations+and+the+Failure+to+Protect&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=898-920&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhrq.2010.0030&rft.aulast=Howard-Hassmann&rft.aufirst=Rhoda+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFMeredith2002" class="citation book">Meredith, Martin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourvotesourgunsr0000mere"><i>Our Votes, Our Guns: Robert Mugabe and the Tragedy of Zimbabwe</i></a>. New York: Public Affairs. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58648-186-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58648-186-5">978-1-58648-186-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Votes%2C+Our+Guns%3A+Robert+Mugabe+and+the+Tragedy+of+Zimbabwe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-186-5&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourvotesourgunsr0000mere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFNdlovu-Gatsheni2009" class="citation journal">Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. (2009). "Making Sense of Mugabeism in Local and Global Politics: 'So Blair, keep your England and let me keep my Zimbabwe<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>". <i>Third World Quarterly</i>. <b>30</b> (6): 1139–1158. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436590903037424">10.1080/01436590903037424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Third+World+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Making+Sense+of+Mugabeism+in+Local+and+Global+Politics%3A+%27So+Blair%2C+keep+your+England+and+let+me+keep+my+Zimbabwe%27&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1139-1158&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01436590903037424&rft.aulast=Ndlovu-Gatsheni&rft.aufirst=Sabelo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFNdlovu-Gatsheni2015" class="citation encyclopaedia"> ⸻  (2015). "Introduction: Mugabeism and Entanglements of History, Politics, and Power in the Making of Zimbabwe". Dalam Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni. <i>Mugabeism? History, Politics, and Power in Zimbabwe</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. hlm. 1–25. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-137-54344-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-137-54344-8">978-1-137-54344-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Mugabeism+and+Entanglements+of+History%2C+Politics%2C+and+Power+in+the+Making+of+Zimbabwe&rft.btitle=Mugabeism%3F+History%2C+Politics%2C+and+Power+in+Zimbabwe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1-25&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-137-54344-8&rft.aulast=Ndlovu-Gatsheni&rft.aufirst=Sabelo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFNorman2008" class="citation book">Norman, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mugabeteacherrev0000norm"><i>Mugabe: Teacher, Revolutionary, Tyrant</i></a>. Stroud: The History Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-86227-491-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-86227-491-4">978-1-86227-491-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mugabe%3A+Teacher%2C+Revolutionary%2C+Tyrant&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-86227-491-4&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmugabeteacherrev0000norm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFOnslowRedding2009" class="citation journal">Onslow, Sue; Redding, Sean (2009). "Wasted Riches: Robert Mugabe and the Desolation of Zimbabwe". <i>Georgetown Journal of International Affairs</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 63–72. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/43134191">43134191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Georgetown+Journal+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Wasted+Riches%3A+Robert+Mugabe+and+the+Desolation+of+Zimbabwe&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-72&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43134191&rft.aulast=Onslow&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.au=Redding%2C+Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFShire2007" class="citation journal">Shire, George (2007). "The Case for Robert Mugabe: Sinner or Sinned Against?". <i>The Black Scholar</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 32–35. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.2007.11413379">10.1080/00064246.2007.11413379</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/41069872">41069872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Black+Scholar&rft.atitle=The+Case+for+Robert+Mugabe%3A+Sinner+or+Sinned+Against%3F&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=32-35&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00064246.2007.11413379&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41069872&rft.aulast=Shire&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFSithole2001" class="citation journal">Sithole, Masipula (2001). "Fighting Authoritarianism in Zimbabwe". <i>Journal of Democracy</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 160–169. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2001.0015">10.1353/jod.2001.0015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=Fighting+Authoritarianism+in+Zimbabwe&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=160-169&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2001.0015&rft.aulast=Sithole&rft.aufirst=Masipula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFSmithSimpson1981" class="citation book">Smith, David; Simpson, Colin (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mugabe0000smit_o1z1"><i>Mugabe</i></a>. London: Sphere Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7221-7868-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7221-7868-3">978-0-7221-7868-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mugabe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sphere+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-7221-7868-3&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmugabe0000smit_o1z1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFTendi2011" class="citation journal">Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2011). "Robert Mugabe and Toxicity: History and Context Matter". <i>Representation</i>. <b>47</b> (3): 307–318. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00344893.2011.596439">10.1080/00344893.2011.596439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Representation&rft.atitle=Robert+Mugabe+and+Toxicity%3A+History+and+Context+Matter&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=307-318&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00344893.2011.596439&rft.aulast=Tendi&rft.aufirst=Blessing-Miles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFTendi2013" class="citation journal"> ⸻  (2013). "Robert Mugabe's 2013 Presidential Election Campaign". <i>Journal of Southern African Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 963–970. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03057070.2013.858537">10.1080/03057070.2013.858537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Robert+Mugabe%27s+2013+Presidential+Election+Campaign&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=963-970&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03057070.2013.858537&rft.aulast=Tendi&rft.aufirst=Blessing-Miles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Robert Mugabe pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Robert Mugabe">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Robert Mugabe">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Robert Mugabe">Berita</a> dari Wikinews<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Robert Mugabe">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Robert Mugabe">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Robert Mugabe">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFBourne2011" class="citation book">Bourne, Richard (2011). <i>Catastrophe: What Went Wrong in Zimbabwe?</i>. Zed. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84813-521-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84813-521-5">978-1-84813-521-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catastrophe%3A+What+Went+Wrong+in+Zimbabwe%3F&rft.pub=Zed&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84813-521-5&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFChan2002" class="citation book">Chan, Stephen (2002). <i>Robert Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence</i>. I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-86064-873-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-86064-873-1">978-1-86064-873-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Mugabe%3A+A+Life+of+Power+and+Violence&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-873-1&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGodwin2011" class="citation book">Godwin, Peter (2011). <i>The Fear: The Last Days of Robert Mugabe</i>. London: Picador. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-330-50777-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-330-50777-6">978-0-330-50777-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fear%3A+The+Last+Days+of+Robert+Mugabe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-330-50777-6&rft.aulast=Godwin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMoyoYeros2007" class="citation journal">Moyo; Yeros, P (2007). "The Radicalised State: Zimbabwe's Interrupted Revolution". <i>Review of African Political Economy</i>. <b>34</b> (111): 103–121. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03056240701340431">10.1080/03056240701340431</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/20406365">20406365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+African+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=The+Radicalised+State%3A+Zimbabwe%27s+Interrupted+Revolution&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=111&rft.pages=103-121&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03056240701340431&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20406365&rft.au=Moyo&rft.au=Yeros%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRaftopoulos2006" class="citation journal">Raftopoulos, Brian (2006). "The Zimbabwean crisis and the challenges of the Left". <i>Journal of Southern African Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 203–219. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03057070600655988">10.1080/03057070600655988</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25065088">25065088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Zimbabwean+crisis+and+the+challenges+of+the+Left&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=203-219&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03057070600655988&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25065088&rft.aulast=Raftopoulos&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Mugabe" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></dd></dl> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Jabatan partai politik </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Chitepo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Chitepo (halaman belum tersedia)">Herbert Chitepo</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Pemimpin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_National_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African National Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African National Union</a></b><br />1975–1987 </td> <td width="30%" align="center"><b>Jabatan dihapus</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Partai politik baru</b><br /><div style="font-size:90%">Merger ZANU dan ZAPU</div> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Pemimpin <a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front</a></b><br />1987–2017 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Jabatan politik </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Muzorewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Muzorewa (halaman belum tersedia)">Abel Muzorewa</a></span><br /><small><i><b>sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdana_Menteri_Rhodesia_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdana Menteri Rhodesia Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Perdana Menteri Rhodesia Zimbabwe</a></b></i></small> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe">Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe</a></b><br />1980–1987 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Lowong</b><div style="font-size:90%">Jabatan ditangguhkan</div><div style="font-size:90%">Selanjutnya dijabat oleh</div><b><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" title="Morgan Tsvangirai">Morgan Tsvangirai</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Banana" title="Canaan Banana">Canaan Banana</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Zimbabwe" title="Daftar Presiden Zimbabwe">Presiden Zimbabwe</a></b><br />1987–2017 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Jabatan diplomatik </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Sekretaris Jenderal <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Non-Blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Non-Blok">Gerakan Non-Blok</a></b><br />1986–1989 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Janez Drnovšek</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Organisasi_Persatuan_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Organisasi Persatuan Afrika (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketua Organisasi Persatuan Afrika</a></b><br />1997–1998 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9" title="Blaise Compaoré">Blaise Compaoré</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Ketua_Uni_Afrika" title="Ketua Uni Afrika">Ketua Uni Afrika</a></b><br />2015–2016 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Robert_Mugabe" title="Templat:Robert Mugabe"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Robert Mugabe (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Robert_Mugabe&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Mugabe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Mugabe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe">Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe</a> ke-1 (1980–1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Zimbabwe">Presiden Zimbabwe</a> ke-2 (1987–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masa<br />revolusi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Semak_Rhodesia" title="Perang Semak Rhodesia">Perang Semak Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_National_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African National Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriotic_Front_(Zimbabwe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe) (halaman belum tersedia)">Patriotic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_National_Union_%E2%80%93_Patriotic_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (halaman belum tersedia)">Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Jenewa_(1976)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Jenewa (1976) (halaman belum tersedia)">Konferensi Jenewa (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Lancaster_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perjanjian Lancaster House (halaman belum tersedia)">Perjanjian Lancaster House (1979)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masa<br />kepemimpinan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerusuhan_Entumbane_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerusuhan Entumbane 1980 (halaman belum tersedia)">Entumbane I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Entumbane_1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Entumbane 1981 (halaman belum tersedia)">Entumbane II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gukurahundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gukurahundi (halaman belum tersedia)">Gukurahundi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Kongo_Kedua" title="Perang Kongo Kedua">Perang Kongo Kedua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformasi_agraria_di_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformasi agraria di Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Reformasi agraria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiperinflasi_di_Zimbabwe" title="Hiperinflasi di Zimbabwe">Hiperinflasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_Murambatsvina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi Murambatsvina (halaman belum tersedia)">Operasi Murambatsvina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_Mavhoterapapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi Mavhoterapapi (halaman belum tersedia)">Operasi Mavhoterapapi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_Dzikisai_Madhishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi Dzikisai Madhishi (halaman belum tersedia)">Operasi Dzikisai Madhishi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komando_Operasi_Gabungan_(Zimbabwe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komando Operasi Gabungan (Zimbabwe) (halaman belum tersedia)">Komando Operasi Gabungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_LGBT_di_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak LGBT di Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negosiasi_politik_Zimbabwe_2008%E2%80%9309&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negosiasi politik Zimbabwe 2008–09 (halaman belum tersedia)">Negosiasi politik 2008–09</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Persatuan_Bangsa_Zimbabwe_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Persatuan Bangsa Zimbabwe 2009 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintahan Persatuan Bangsa 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudeta_Zimbabwe_2017" title="Kudeta Zimbabwe 2017">Kudeta dan pengunduran diri 2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buku</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Our War of Liberation</i> <small>(1983)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pemilihan umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sebagai Perdana Menteri (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_Rhodesia_Selatan_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum Rhodesia Selatan 1980 (halaman belum tersedia)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_parlemen_Zimbabwe_1985&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum parlemen Zimbabwe 1985 (halaman belum tersedia)">1985</a>)</li> <li>Sebagai Presiden (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_Zimbabwe_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum Zimbabwe 1990 (halaman belum tersedia)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_presiden_Zimbabwe_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum presiden Zimbabwe 1996 (halaman belum tersedia)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_presiden_Zimbabwe_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum presiden Zimbabwe 2002 (halaman belum tersedia)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_Zimbabwe_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum Zimbabwe 2008 (halaman belum tersedia)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_Zimbabwe_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum Zimbabwe 2013 (halaman belum tersedia)">2013</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Budaya<br />masyarakat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugabe_and_the_White_African&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mugabe and the White African (halaman belum tersedia)">Mugabe and the White African</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugabe%27s_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mugabe's Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Mugabe's Zimbabwe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keluarga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_Mugabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally Mugabe (halaman belum tersedia)">Sally Mugabe</a> <small>(istri pertama)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe">Grace Mugabe</a> <small>(istri kedua)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bona_Mugabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bona Mugabe (halaman belum tersedia)">Bona Mugabe</a> <small>(putri)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabina_Mugabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabina Mugabe (halaman belum tersedia)">Sabina Mugabe</a> <small>(adik)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Zhuwao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Zhuwao (halaman belum tersedia)">Patrick Zhuwao</a> <small>(keponakan)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Robert_Gabriel_Mugabe" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Robert Gabriel Mugabe">Bandar Udara Internasional Robert Gabriel Mugabe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Banana" title="Canaan Banana">← Canaan Banana</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Robert_Mugabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Robert Mugabe (halaman belum tersedia)">Kategori</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topik_terkait" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff"><div id="Topik_terkait" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topik terkait</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Zimbabwe&#124;link=Zimbabwe_Menteri_kabinet_Zimbabwe_era_Robert_Mugabe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Menteri_kabinet_Zimbabwe_2000-2009" title="Templat:Menteri kabinet Zimbabwe 2000-2009"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Menteri_kabinet_Zimbabwe_2000-2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Menteri kabinet Zimbabwe 2000-2009 (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Menteri_kabinet_Zimbabwe_2000-2009&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Zimbabwe&#124;link=Zimbabwe_Menteri_kabinet_Zimbabwe_era_Robert_Mugabe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe"><img alt="Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/36px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menteri_kabinet_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menteri kabinet Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Menteri kabinet Zimbabwe</a> era Robert Mugabe</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Juni 2000 - Februari 2009</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:0.5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:53%;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Mugabe</a> <small>(Presiden)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joice_Mujuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joice Mujuru (halaman belum tersedia)">Joice Mujuru</a> <small>(Wakil Presiden)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeneas_Chigwedere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeneas Chigwedere (halaman belum tersedia)">Aeneas Chigwedere</a> <small>(Pendidikan, Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Chinamasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Chinamasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Patrick Chinamasa</a> <small>(Peradilan, Hukum, dan Parlemen)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Midzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Midzi (halaman belum tersedia)">Amos Midzi</a> <small>(2002-04)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Nyambuya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Nyambuya (halaman belum tersedia)">Mike Nyambuya</a> <small>(2005-sekarang) (Pengembangan Energi dan Tenaga)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swithun_Mombeshora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swithun Mombeshora (halaman belum tersedia)">S Mombeshora</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Mushohwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Mushohwe (halaman belum tersedia)">C Mushohwe</a> <small>(Transportasi dan Komunikasi)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Moyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Moyo (halaman belum tersedia)">J Moyo</a> <small>(2000-05)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tichaona_Jokonya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tichaona Jokonya (halaman belum tersedia)">T Jokonya</a> <small>(2005-07)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikhanyiso_Ndlovu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikhanyiso Ndlovu (halaman belum tersedia)">S Ndlovu</a> <small>(2007-09)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Mangwana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Mangwana (halaman belum tersedia)">P Mangwana</a> <small>(plt. sejak 2009)</small> (Informasi)<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Gono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gideon Gono (halaman belum tersedia)">Gideon Gono</a> <small>(Gubernur RBZ)</small><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simba_Makoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simba Makoni (halaman belum tersedia)">S Makoni</a> <small>(2000-02)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Murerwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Murerwa (halaman belum tersedia)">H Murerwa</a> <small>(2002-07)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Mumbengegwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Mumbengegwi (halaman belum tersedia)">S C Mumbengegwi</a> <small>(sejak 2007) (Keuangan)</small></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugare_Gumbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugare Gumbo (halaman belum tersedia)">Rugare Gumbo</a> <small>(Pertanian)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Made&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Made (halaman belum tersedia)">Joseph Made</a> <small>(Mekanisasi Pertanian)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbarashe_Mumbengegwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbarashe Mumbengegwi (halaman belum tersedia)">Simbarashe Mumbengegwi</a> <small>(Luar Negeri)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Sekeramayi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Sekeramayi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sydney Sekeramayi</a> <small>(Pertahanan)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrose_Mutinhiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambrose Mutinhiri (halaman belum tersedia)">Ambrose Mutinhiri</a> <small>(Pengembangan Pemuda dan Usaha Menengah)</small><br /> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:46%;"><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kembo_Mohadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kembo Mohadi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kembo Mohadi</a> <small>(Dalam Negeri)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obert_Mpofu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obert Mpofu (halaman belum tersedia)">Obert Mpofu</a> <small>(Industri dan Perdagangan Internasional)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Muchena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivia Muchena (halaman belum tersedia)">Olivia Muchena</a> <small>(Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Parirenyatwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Parirenyatwa (halaman belum tersedia)">David Parirenyatwa</a> <small>(Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Anak)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Goche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Goche (halaman belum tersedia)">Nicholas Goche</a> <small>(Pelayanan Publik, Ketenagakerjaan, dan Kesejahteraan SOsial)</small><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignatious_Chombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignatious Chombo (halaman belum tersedia)">Ignatious Chombo</a> <small>(Pemerintahan Daerah, Pekerjaan Umum, dan Pembangunan Kota)</small></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Nkomo (halaman belum tersedia)">John Nkomo</a> <small>(Urusan Khusus)</small><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Tungamirai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Tungamirai (halaman belum tersedia)">J Tungamirai</a> <small>(2004-05)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Mumbengegwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Mumbengegwi (halaman belum tersedia)">S C Mumbengegwi</a> <small>(2005-07)</small> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Mangwana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Mangwana (halaman belum tersedia)">P Mangwana</a> <small>(sejak 2007) (Indigenisasi dan Pemberdayaan)</small></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a> <small>(Perumahan Desa dan Layanan Sssial)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opa_Muchinguri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opa Muchinguri (halaman belum tersedia)">Opa Muchinguri</a> <small>(Perempuan, Gender, dan Pengembangan Masyarakat)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sithembiso_Nyoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sithembiso Nyoni (halaman belum tersedia)">Sithembiso Nyoni</a> <small>(Pengembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Webster_Shamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Webster Shamu (halaman belum tersedia)">Webster Shamu</a> <small>(Pelaksanaan Kebijakan)</small><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didymus_Mutasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didymus Mutasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Didymus Mutasa</a> <small>(Keamanan Negara)</small><br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pemilihan_umum_Zimbabwe_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Pemilihan umum Zimbabwe 2008 (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Pemilihan umum Zimbabwe 2008</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kepala_negara_Zimbabwe_dan_pendahulunya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Presiden_Zimbabwe" title="Templat:Presiden Zimbabwe"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Presiden_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Presiden Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Presiden_Zimbabwe&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kepala_negara_Zimbabwe_dan_pendahulunya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Zimbabwe">Kepala negara</a> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> dan pendahulunya</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Rhodesia_(1968%E2%80%931979).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Rhodesia"><img alt="Flag of Rhodesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /> <small>(1970–1979, setelah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Kemerdekaan_Unilateral_Rhodesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Unilateral Rhodesia (halaman belum tersedia)">UDI</a> pada 1965)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Dupont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Dupont (halaman belum tersedia)">Clifford Dupont</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Everard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Everard (halaman belum tersedia)">Henry Everard</a></i> <small>(Penjabat)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wrathall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wrathall (halaman belum tersedia)">John Wrathall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Everard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Everard (halaman belum tersedia)">Henry Everard</a></i> <small>(Penjabat)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_William_Pithey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack William Pithey (halaman belum tersedia)">Jack William Pithey</a></i> <small>(Penjabat)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Everard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Everard (halaman belum tersedia)">Henry Everard</a></i> <small>(Penjabat)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Rhodesia" title="Zimbabwe Rhodesia">Zimbabwe Rhodesia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_(1979).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia"><img alt="Flag of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /> <small>(1979)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Zion_Gumede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Zion Gumede (halaman belum tersedia)">Josiah Zion Gumede</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Zimbabwe"><img alt="Flag of Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /> <small>(sejak 1980)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Banana" title="Canaan Banana">Canaan Banana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe_dan_negara_pendahulunya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:ZimbabwePMs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:ZimbabwePMs (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:ZimbabwePMs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:ZimbabwePMs (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:ZimbabwePMs&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe_dan_negara_pendahulunya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Zimbabwe">Perdana Menteri</a> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> dan negara pendahulunya</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia_Selatan" title="Rhodesia Selatan">Rhodesia Selatan</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_(1924%E2%80%931964).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Southern Rhodesia"><img alt="Flag of Southern Rhodesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /> <small>(1923–1965, nama yang diakui internasional hingga 1980)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Coghlan_(politikus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Coghlan (politikus) (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles Coghlan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Unwin_Moffat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Unwin Moffat (halaman belum tersedia)">Howard Unwin Moffat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Mitchell_(Rhodesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Mitchell (Rhodesia) (halaman belum tersedia)">George Mitchell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godfrey_Huggins,_1st_Viscount_Malvern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godfrey Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern (halaman belum tersedia)">Godfrey Huggins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garfield_Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garfield Todd (halaman belum tersedia)">Garfield Todd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Whitehead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Whitehead (halaman belum tersedia)">Edgar Whitehead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winston Field (halaman belum tersedia)">Winston Field</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federasi_Rhodesia_dan_Nyasaland" title="Federasi Rhodesia dan Nyasaland">Federasi Rhodesia dan Nyasaland</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_(1953%E2%80%931963).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland"><img alt="Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_%281953%E2%80%931963%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_%281953%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_%281953%E2%80%931963%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_%281953%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_%281953%E2%80%931963%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland_%281953%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <br /> <small>(1953–1963, <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia_Selatan" title="Rhodesia Selatan">Rhodesia Selatan</a> bagian dari Federasi)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godfrey_Huggins,_1st_Viscount_Malvern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godfrey Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern (halaman belum tersedia)">Godfrey Huggins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Welensky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Welensky (halaman belum tersedia)">Roy Welensky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Rhodesia_(1968%E2%80%931979).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Rhodesia"><img alt="Flag of Rhodesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <br /> <small>(1965–1979, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Kemerdekaan_Sepihak_Rhodesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Sepihak Rhodesia (halaman belum tersedia)">negara tanpa pengakuan</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodesia_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodesia Zimbabwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Rhodesia Zimbabwe</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_(1979).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Zimbabwe Rhodesia"><img alt="Flag of Zimbabwe Rhodesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_%281979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /> <small>(1979, negara tanpa pengakuan)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Muzorewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Muzorewa (halaman belum tersedia)">Abel Muzorewa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Zimbabwe"><img alt="Flag of Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /> <small>(sejak 1980)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" title="Morgan Tsvangirai">Morgan Tsvangirai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ketua_Organisasi_Kesatuan_Afrika_dan_Uni_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#006400; color:gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ketua_Uni_Afrika" title="Templat:Ketua Uni Afrika"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style="color:gold">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ketua_Uni_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ketua Uni Afrika (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini" style="color:gold">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ketua_Uni_Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style="color:gold">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ketua_Organisasi_Kesatuan_Afrika_dan_Uni_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ketua_Uni_Afrika" title="Ketua Uni Afrika"><span style="color:gold;">Ketua</span></a> Organisasi Kesatuan Afrika dan Uni Afrika</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006400; color:gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kesatuan_Afrika" title="Organisasi Kesatuan Afrika"><span style="color:gold;">OKA</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_I_dari_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Selassie I dari Ethiopia">Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdul_Nasir" title="Gamal Abdul Nasir">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Nkrumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Arthur_Ankrah" title="Joseph Arthur Ankrah">Ankrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_I_dari_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Selassie I dari Ethiopia">Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9dienne" title="Houari Boumédienne">Boumédienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahidjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moktar_Ould_Daddah" title="Moktar Ould Daddah">Daddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_dari_Maroko" title="Hassan II dari Maroko">Hassan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon" title="Yakubu Gowon">Gowon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Ramgoolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Bongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry" title="Gaafar Nimeiry">Nimeiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Tolbert,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William R. Tolbert, Jr.">Tolbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siaka_Stevens" title="Siaka Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Nyerere">Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diouf" title="Abdou Diouf">Diouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso">Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Moussa Traoré">Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Babangida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diouf" title="Abdou Diouf">Diouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Abidin_bin_Ali" title="Zainal Abidin bin Ali">Ben Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Biya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9" title="Blaise Compaoré">Compaoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Bouteflika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma" title="Gnassingbé Eyadéma">Eyadéma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chiluba" title="Frederick Chiluba">Chiluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Mwanawasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006400; color:gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika"><font color="gold">UA</font></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Mbeki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Chissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Obasanjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso">Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">Kufuor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Mrisho_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete">Kikwete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Qaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Qaddafi">Qaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingu_wa_Mutharika" title="Bingu wa Mutharika">Mutharika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Nguema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayi_Boni" title="Yayi Boni">Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Abdel Aziz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fattah_as-Sisi" title="Abdul Fattah as-Sisi">Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Tshisekedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sekretaris_Jenderal_Gerakan_Non-Blok" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Sekretaris_Jenderal_Gerakan_Non-Blok" title="Templat:Sekretaris Jenderal Gerakan Non-Blok"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Sekretaris_Jenderal_Gerakan_Non-Blok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Sekretaris Jenderal Gerakan Non-Blok (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Sekretaris_Jenderal_Gerakan_Non-Blok&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sekretaris_Jenderal_Gerakan_Non-Blok" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Non-Blok#Sekretaris_Jenderal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Non-Blok">Sekretaris Jenderal Gerakan Non-Blok</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdul_Nasir" title="Gamal Abdul Nasir">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9dienne" title="Houari Boumédienne">Boumédienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gopallawa" title="William Gopallawa">Gopallawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junius_Richard_Jayewardene" title="Junius Richard Jayewardene">Jayewardene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">F. Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Drnov%C5%A1ek" title="Janez Drnovšek">Drnovšek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borisav_Jovi%C4%87" title="Borisav Jović">Jović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Mesić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Branko_Kosti%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Branko Kostić (halaman belum tersedia)">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrica_%C4%86osi%C4%87" title="Dobrica Ćosić">Ćosić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto">Soeharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Samper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango">Pastrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Mbeki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">F. Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">R. Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hussein_Tantawi" title="Muhammad Hussein Tantawi">Tantawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mursi" title="Muhammad Mursi">Mursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmud Ahmadinejad">Ahmadinejad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Rouhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Aliyev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10707#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10707#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10707#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" 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