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ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ensym rootpage-Ensym skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Prif ddewislen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Ensym" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Ensym" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Cyfrannu</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Ensym" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Ensym" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hanes_astudio_ensymau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanes_astudio_ensymau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hanes astudio ensymau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanes_astudio_ensymau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strwythur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strwythur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Strwythur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strwythur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mecanwaith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mecanwaith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mecanwaith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mecanwaith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ffactorau_sy'n_effeithio_actifedd_ensym" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ffactorau_sy'n_effeithio_actifedd_ensym"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ffactorau sy'n effeithio actifedd ensym</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ffactorau_sy'n_effeithio_actifedd_ensym-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priodweddau_ensymau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priodweddau_ensymau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Priodweddau ensymau</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Priodweddau_ensymau-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Priodweddau ensymau</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Priodweddau_ensymau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cineteg_a_thermodynameg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cineteg_a_thermodynameg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cineteg a thermodynameg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cineteg_a_thermodynameg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atalyddion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atalyddion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Atalyddion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atalyddion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asidedd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asidedd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Asidedd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asidedd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dolenni allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabl Cynnwys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ensym</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 135 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiem" title="Ensiem - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ensiem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="إنزيم - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنزيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="ؤنزيم - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤنزيم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="انزيم - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انزيم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95" title="উৎসেচক - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উৎসেচক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentl%C9%99r" title="Fermentlər - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermentlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آنزیم - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنزیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ферменттар - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ферменттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferments" title="Ferments - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ferments" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ensima" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ферменты - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ферменты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фэрмэнты - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фэрмэнты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ензим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE" title="एंजाइम - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एंजाइम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အဲဉ်းသုဲင် - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အဲဉ်းသုဲင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95" title="উৎসেচক - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উৎসেচক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ферменташ - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ферменташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ئەنزیم - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنزیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CE%B6%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Ένζυμο - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ένζυμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimo" title="Enzimo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enzimo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Ensüüm - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ensüüm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entzima" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آنزیم - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنزیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsyymi" title="Entsyymi - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Entsyymi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kveiki" title="Kveiki - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kveiki" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Ensüüm - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ensüüm" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eins%C3%ADm" title="Einsím - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Einsím" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%ADma" title="Ensíma - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ensíma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אנזים - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנזים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="प्रकिण्व - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रकिण्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzim" title="Anzim - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anzim" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Ֆերմենտ - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերմենտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyma" title="Enzyma - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Enzyma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ensima" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ферменташ - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ферменташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimo" title="Enzimo - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Enzimo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%ADm" title="Ensím - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ensím" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酵素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nzim" title="Ènzim - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ènzim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფერმენტები - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერმენტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферменттер - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ферменттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="효소 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="효소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Cwleneg" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Cwleneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enz%C3%AEm" title="Enzîm - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Enzîm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фермент - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фермент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymum" title="Enzymum - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Enzymum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ферментар - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ферментар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimolojia" title="Enzimolojia - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Enzimolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" title="ເອນໄຊ - Laoeg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເອນໄຊ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentas" title="Fermentas - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enz%C4%ABmi" title="Enzīmi - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enzīmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ензим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="രാസാഗ്നി - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസാഗ്നി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Энзим - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энзим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="उत्प्रेरक - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्प्रेरक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အင်န်ဇိုင်း - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်န်ဇိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE" title="इन्जाइम - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इन्जाइम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensime" title="Ensime - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ensime" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%27a_(Inzaayimii)" title="Nam'a (Inzaayimii) - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Nam'a (Inzaayimii)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਐੱਨਜ਼ਾਈਮ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਨਜ਼ਾਈਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymy" title="Enzymy - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Enzymy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85" title="انزائم - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انزائم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85" title="انزايم - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انزايم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huptana" title="Huptana - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huptana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim%C4%83" title="Enzimă - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enzimă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ферменты - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ферменты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Ензім - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ензім" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Энзим - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Энзим" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsyma" title="Entsyma - Sami Gogleddol" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Entsyma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8" title="එන්සයිම - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එන්සයිම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enz%C3%BDm" title="Enzým - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Enzým" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encim" title="Encim - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Encim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiim" title="Ensiim - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ensiim" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Enzima" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ензим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nzim" title="Énzim - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Énzim" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enzym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimeng%27enya" title="Kimeng'enya - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimeng'enya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நொதியம் - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நொதியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఎంజైము - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎంజైము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Ферментҳо - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ферментҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C" title="เอนไซม์ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอนไซม์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensima" title="Ensima - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ensima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enzim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фермент - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фермент" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферментилер - Twfwnieg" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ферментилер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Twfwnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ферменти - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферменти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81" title="خامرہ - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خامرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentlar" title="Fermentlar - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fermentlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Enzyme" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzime" title="Inzime - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inzime" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaym" title="Ensaym - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ensaym" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фермент - Calmyceg" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Фермент" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Calmyceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ענזים - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענזים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Kàⁿ-sò͘ - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酵素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INzwayiza" title="INzwayiza - Swlw" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INzwayiza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Swlw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8047#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ensym" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ensym"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ensym"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Ensym" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Ensym" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&oldid=12902647" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Ensym&id=12902647&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEnsym"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEnsym"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ensym"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ensym&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enzymes" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8047" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Ensym</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg/220px-Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg/330px-Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg/440px-Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o:</th><td>grwp neu ddosbarth o broteinau <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>biocatalysts, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047?uselang=cy#P279" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhan o</th><td>Enzyme-linked receptor, enzymatic reaction <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047?uselang=cy#P361" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enzymes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Enzymes">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg/280px-Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg/420px-Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg/560px-Triosephosphate_isomerase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>"Diagram rhuban" ar gyfer yr ensym trios-ffosffad isomeras (TIM).</figcaption></figure> <p>Sylweddau sy'n <a href="/wiki/Catalydd" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalydd">cataleiddio</a> (h. y. <a href="/wiki/Cyfradd_adwaith" title="Cyfradd adwaith">cyflymu</a>) <a href="/wiki/Adwaith_cemegol" title="Adwaith cemegol">adweithiau cemegol</a> mewn <a href="/wiki/Organeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Organeb">organebau</a> byw yw <b>ensymau</b>. Yn yr adweithiau hyn, gelwir y <a href="/wiki/Moleciwl" title="Moleciwl">moleciwlau</a> ar ddechrau yr adwaith yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swbstrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swbstrad (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">swbstrad</a>, a mae'r ensym yn eu trawsnewid yn foleciwlau gwahanol, sef y cynnyrch, heb newid y strwythur ei hun yn ystod y broses. Mae angen ensymau ar gyfer bron pob proses mewn <a href="/wiki/Bioleg_cell" title="Bioleg cell">cell</a> er mwyn iddynt weithio ar raddfa sylweddol. Gan fod ensymau'n hynod o ddetholiadol ac yn cyflymu ond ychydig o adweithiau ymysg nifer o bosibiliadau, mae'r set o ensymau mewn cell yn penderfynu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llwybr_metabolaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llwybr metabolaidd (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">llwybr metabolaidd</a> cynnwys y gell. </p><p>Yn ogystal â'u defnydd mewn systemau <a href="/wiki/Bioleg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioleg">biolegol</a>, defnyddir rhai ensymau mewn <a href="/wiki/Diwydiant" title="Diwydiant">diwydiant</a> a <a href="/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth">meddygaeth</a>. Cynhyrchir gwin, bara, caws a chwrw ers canrifoedd trwy ddefnyddio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eples&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eples (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">eplesiad</a> naturiol, ond nid tan y 19g y deallwyd fod yr adweithiau hyn yn ganlyniad i actifedd catalytig ensymau. Ers hynny, mae ensymau wedi cymryd rôl bwysig mewn prosesau diwydiannol sy'n seiliedig ar adweithiau cemegol organig. Ym maes meddygaeth, defnyddir ensymau mewn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthesis (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">synthesis</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwrthfiotig" title="Gwrthfiotig">gwrthfiotigau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_meddygol" title="Diagnosis meddygol">diagnosis</a> o rhai <a href="/wiki/Glefyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Glefyd">glefydau</a>, ac er mwyn ceisio lladd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro-organeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro-organeb (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">micro-organebau</a> sy'n achosi clefydau. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanes_astudio_ensymau">Hanes astudio ensymau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanes astudio ensymau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Hanes astudio ensymau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:WilhelmKuhne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/d/d8/WilhelmKuhne.jpg/120px-WilhelmKuhne.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/d/d8/WilhelmKuhne.jpg/180px-WilhelmKuhne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/d/d8/WilhelmKuhne.jpg/240px-WilhelmKuhne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BChne" title="Wilhelm Kühne">Wilhelm Kühne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Roedd treuliad cig gan secretiadau y <a href="/wiki/Stumog" title="Stumog">stumog</a>, a trosiad starts i <a href="/wiki/Siwgr" title="Siwgr">siwgr</a> gan echdynion planhigyn a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poer (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">phoer</a>, yn hysbys i Fiolegwyr mor gynnar â'r <a href="/wiki/18fed_ganrif" title="18fed ganrif">18fed ganrif</a>, ond nid oeddent wedi canfod y mecanwaith a oedd yn achosi'r adweithiau yma. </p><p>Yn y <a href="/wiki/19eg_ganrif" title="19eg ganrif">19eg ganrif</a>, tra'n astudio <a href="/wiki/Eplesu" title="Eplesu">eplesiad</a> siwgr i <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a> gan <a href="/wiki/Burum" title="Burum">furum</a>, daeth <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> i'r casgliad fod eplesiad yn cael ei gataleiddio gan rym bywiol o fewn y celloedd burum a elwir yn <i>esplesiaid</i>, ac yn wreiddiol credwyd fod yr rhain yn gweithio o fewn organebau byw yn unig. Ysgrifennodd Pasteur fod "<i>eplesiad alcoholig yn weithred sy'n gydberthnasol â bywyd ac trefniant celloedd burum, nid marwolaeth neu pydredd y celloedd</i>"<i>.</i> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Eduardbuchner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Eduardbuchner.jpg/120px-Eduardbuchner.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Eduardbuchner.jpg/180px-Eduardbuchner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Eduardbuchner.jpg/240px-Eduardbuchner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>, bathwyd y term <i>ensym</i> gan y ffisiolegydd Almaenig <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BChne" title="Wilhelm Kühne">Wilhelm Kühne</a> i ddisgrifio'r broses yma o eplesu. Mae'r term yn dod o'r <a href="/wiki/Groeg_(iaith)" title="Groeg (iaith)">Groeg</a> <i>ενζυμον</i>, sy'n golygu "mewn lefain". Byddai defnydd y gair yn newid gydag amser. Yn hwyrach, defnyddiwyd y gair <i>ensym</i> i gyfeirio at sylweddau anfyw fel <a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">pepsin</a>, a'r gair <i>eplesu</i> i gyfeirio at yr actifedd cemegol a gaiff ei gynhyrchu gan organebau byw. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>, dechreuodd <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a> astudio gallu echdynion o furum i eplesu siwgr er gwaethaf absenoldeb celloedd burum byw. O fewn cyfres o arbrofion ym <a href="/wiki/Prifysgol_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prifysgol Berlin">Mhrifysgol Berlin</a>, arsylwodd fod y siwgr yn cael ei eplesu heb gelloedd burum yn y gymysgedd. Enwyd yr ensym a achosodd yr eplesiad <a href="/wiki/Swcros" title="Swcros">swcros</a> yma yn "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Symas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symas (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">symas</a>". Yn 1907 derbyniodd Buchner <a href="/wiki/Wobr_Nobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wobr Nobel">wobr Nobel</a> yng <a href="/wiki/Cemeg" title="Cemeg">Nghemeg</a> am yr ymchwiliad yma, ac ers hynny mae'r rhan fwyaf o ensymau, yn dilyn esiampl Buchner, wedi cael eu henwi yn ôl yr adwaith maent yn cynnal. Fel arfer, enwir ensymau drwy adio'r ôl-ddodiad <i>-as</i> i enw'r swbstrad (<i>e.e.</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lactas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lactas (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">lactas</a> yw'r ensym sy'n hollti y siwgr <a href="/wiki/Lactos" title="Lactos">lactos</a>), ond yn aml enwir ensymau ar ôl y math o adwaith hefyd yn ôl system <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhifau_EC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhifau EC (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">rhifau EC</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:James_B._Sumner.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/c/c4/James_B._Sumner.gif/120px-James_B._Sumner.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/c/c4/James_B._Sumner.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="198" /></a><figcaption>James B. Sumner</figcaption></figure> <p>Ar ôl dangos fod ensymau yn medru gweithredu tu allan i gell byw, y cam nesaf oedd i ddarganfod eu natur biocemegol. Nododd nifer o fiocemegwyr cynnar fod actifedd ensymig wedi ei gysylltu â <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteinau</a>, ond bu nifer o wyddonwyr (yn cynnwys llawryfol Nobel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Willstätter (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Richard Willstätter</a>) yn dadlau fod proteinau yn gludyddion gwir ensymau yn unig, a fod protein ynddo ei hun methu cataleiddio adwaith. Er hynny, yn 1926, dangosodd <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_B._Sumner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James B. Sumner (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">James B. Sumner</a> fod yr ensym <a href="/wiki/Wreas" title="Wreas">wreas</a> yn brotein pur a llwyddodd ei grisialu. Llwyddodd grisialu'r ensym <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalas (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">catalas</a> yn hwyrach yn 1937. Profwyd fod proteinau yn medru bod yn ensymau yn derfynol gan <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._H._Northrop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. H. Northrop (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">J. H. Northrop</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._M._Stanley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. M. Stanley (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">W. M. Stanley</a> wrth astudio'r ensymau treuliol <a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">pepsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trypsin" title="Trypsin">trypsin</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chymotrypsin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chymotrypsin (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">chymotrypsin</a>. Derbyniodd Sumner, Northrop a Stanley y wobr Nobel ym maes Cemeg yn 1946 am eu gwaith ar ensymau. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:DCPhillips.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/7/7a/DCPhillips.JPG/120px-DCPhillips.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/7/7a/DCPhillips.JPG/180px-DCPhillips.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/7/7a/DCPhillips.JPG/240px-DCPhillips.JPG 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>David Chilton Phillips</figcaption></figure> <p>Gan fod biolegwyr wedi darganfod fod modd crisialu ensymau, byddai felly modd darganfod eu strwythurau drwy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crisialograffaeth_pelydrau_X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crisialograffaeth pelydrau X (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">grisialograffaeth pelydrau X</a>. Cyflawnwyd hwn gyntaf ar gyfer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysosym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lysosym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">lysosym</a>, ensym a ddarganfyddir mewn dagrau a poer sy'n treulio haen allanol rhai bacteria. Dehonglwyd y strwythur gan grŵp o fiolegwyr wedi eu harwain gan <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Chilton_Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Chilton Phillips (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">David Chilton Phillips</a>, ac ar ôl cyhoeddiad eu gwaith yn 1965, dechreuwyd y maes newydd o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioleg_strwythurol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioleg strwythurol (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">fioleg strwythurol</a>, a'r ymdrech i ddeall sut mae ensymau yn gweithio ar raddfa atomig manwl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strwythur">Strwythur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Strwythur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Strwythur"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png/270px-CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png/405px-CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png/540px-CYP3A4_PDB1W0E.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Diagram rhuban o <i>cytocrôm P450 isosym 3A4</i>, yn dangos cadwynau asid amino ynghŷd â grŵp <i>Haem</i> yng nghanol y moleciwl.</figcaption></figure> <p>Am nifer o flynyddoedd, credwyd fod pob ensym yn fath o <a href="/wiki/Protin" class="mw-redirect" title="Protin">brotein</a>, ond ers yr <a href="/wiki/1980au" title="1980au">1980au</a>, arddangoswyd priodweddau catalytig <a href="/wiki/Moleciwl" title="Moleciwl">moleciwlau</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asid_riboniwcleig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asid riboniwcleig (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">asid riboniwcleig</a>, megis <a href="/wiki/Ribosym" title="Ribosym">ribosymau</a>. Er hynny, gan fod y rhan fwyaf o ensymau yn brotinau, a bod cymhlethdod mecanwaith ensymatig RNA gan mwyaf yn anhysbys, bydd yr erthygl yma'n canolbwyntio ar fecanwaith protinau ensymatig. </p><p>Penderfynir ar weithgareddau ac actifedd ensymau gan eu strwythur tri dimensiwn. </p><p>Mae moleciwlau ensymau protein mawr wedi eu gwneud allan o un neu fwy o gadwynau o <a href="/wiki/Asid_amino" title="Asid amino">asid amino</a> a elwir yn gadwynau polypeptid. Mae'r dilyniant o wahanol asidau amino yn pennu patrymau plygiant nodweddiadol strwythur y protein, sy'n hanfodol ar gyfer penodolrywdd yr ensym. Yn ogystal i'r cadwynau polypeptid, gall ensym gael cydran cemegol ychwanegol a elwir yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gydffactor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gydffactor (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">gydffactor</a>, sydd ynghlwm wrth y cadwynau polypeptid. Mae cydffactorau yn cyfrannu'n uniongyrchol i'r digwyddiad catalytig ac felly'n angenrheidiol ar gyfer actifedd ensymatic. Gall cydffactorau fod yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gydensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gydensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">gydensym</a> (moleciwl organig fel <a href="/wiki/Fitamin" title="Fitamin">fitamin</a>) neu yn <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Fon" title="Ïon">ïon</a> <a href="/wiki/Metel" title="Metel">metel</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anorganig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anorganig (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">anorganig</a> – mae rhai ensymau angen y ddau. </p><p>Mae'r rhan fwyaf o ensymau yn llawer yn fwy mewn maint na'r swbstradau maent yn gweithredu arno, a dim ond cyfran bach iawn o'r ensym (tua 3-4 <a href="/wiki/Asid_amino" title="Asid amino">asid amino</a>) sydd yn uniongyrchol yn cymryd rhan mewn <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalysis</a>. Gelwir yr adran gatalytig yma sy'n clymu wrth y swbstrad ac yn cynnal yr adwaith yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safle_actif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safle actif (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">safle actif</a> yr ensym. Mae gan rhai ensymau safleoedd penodol ar gyfer clymu eu cydffactorau, neu safleoedd clymu ar gyfer moleciwlau bach sydd yn uniongyrchol neu'n anuniongyrchol yn gynhyrchion o'r adwaith a gataleiddiwyd. Gall y clymu yma <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ffactorau_sy'n_effeithio_actifedd_ensym">gynyddu neu leihau actifedd yr ensym</a>, felly'n darparu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheolaeth_adborth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheolaeth adborth (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">rheolaeth adborth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mecanwaith">Mecanwaith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Mecanwaith" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mecanwaith"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Prif erthygl: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalysis_ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalysis ensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Catalysis ensym</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Two_substrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Two_substrates.png/300px-Two_substrates.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Two_substrates.png/450px-Two_substrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Two_substrates.png/600px-Two_substrates.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>Diagramau yn dangos gweithgaredd ensym.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn y rhan fwyaf o adweithiau cemegol, mae angen maint penodol o egni i ddechrau'r adwaith. Po fwyaf yw'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egni_actifadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egni actifadu (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">egni actifadu</a> hwn, y mwyaf sefydlog yw'r adweithyddion, ac felly y mwyaf araf yw'r adwaith rhyngddynt. Pan fod angen newidiadau <a href="/wiki/Metabolaeth" title="Metabolaeth">metabolig</a> mewn cell, rhaid gorchfygu'r rhwystr egni yma. Gall <a href="/wiki/Gwres" title="Gwres">wres</a> ddarparu'r egni actifadu yma, ond byddai'r codiad mewn tymheredd yn lladd y gell. Fel pob catalydd, mae ensymau yn gweithio drwy leihau egni actifadu'r adwaith. Mae'r mwyafrif o adweithiau ensymig miliynau o weithiau'n gyflymach na'r adweithiau cywerth sydd heb eu cataleiddio. Hefyd, fel pob catalydd, nid yw ensymau'n newid <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecwilibriwm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecwilibriwm (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">ecwilibriwm</a></i> yr adwaith a nid ydynt yn cael eu treulio gan yr adwaith. Maent yn adweithio gyda'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swbstrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swbstrad (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">swbstrad</a> i ffurfio cymhlyg trosiannol, sydd angen llai o egni er mwyn i'r adwaith fynd ymlaen. Mae'r cymhlyg trosiannol yn gyflym yn torri i lawr i ffurfio'r cynhyrchion adwaith, ac mae'r ensym, sydd heb newid ei strwythur, yn rhydd i adweithio gyda moleciwlau swbstrad eraill. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Egni_Actifadu.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/1/19/Egni_Actifadu.PNG/320px-Egni_Actifadu.PNG" decoding="async" width="320" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/1/19/Egni_Actifadu.PNG/480px-Egni_Actifadu.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/1/19/Egni_Actifadu.PNG 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>Diagram o'r adwaith catalytig. Mae'r swbstrad fel arfer angen llawer o egni i gyrraedd y cyflwr trosiannol, sydd wedyn yn dadfeilio i'r cynnyrch terfynol. Mae'r ensym yn sefydlogi'r cyflwr trosiannol, felly'n lleihau'r egni sydd angen i ffurfio'r cyflwr hwn a'r egni sydd angen i ffurfio cynhyrchion.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fel y crybwyllwyd uchod yn yr adran ar strwythur yr ensym, dim ond adran arbennig o'r ensym, a elwir yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safle_actif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safle actif (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">safle actif</a>, sy'n clymu i'r swbstrad. Mae'r safle actif yn rhigol neu boced a ffurfir gan blygiadau yn strwythur yr ensym. Mae'r strwythur tri-dimensiwn yma, ynghyd â priodweddau cemegol yr asidau amino a cydffactorau o fewn y safle actif, yn caniatáu dim ond un swbstrad penodol yn unig i glymu i'r safle, felly'n pennu penodolrwydd yr ensym. Yn bennaf, mae'r penodolrwdd yma yn dod o'r modd mae siapau geometreg cyfatebol ensym a swbstrad yn galluogi iddynt ffitio i mewn i'w gilydd. </p><p>Dylanwadir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthesis (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">synthesis</a> ac actifedd ensym hefyd gan ddosbarthiad a rheolaeth <a href="/wiki/Geneteg" title="Geneteg">genetig</a> mewn <a href="/wiki/Cell_fiolegol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell fiolegol">cell</a>. Ni chaiff rhai ensymau eu cynhyrchu gan rhai celloedd, a cynhyrchir eraill pan fod eu hangen yn unig. Nid yw ensymau bob amser yn cael eu darganfod yn unffurf o fewn cell; yn aml maent yn cael eu adrannu i mewn i'r <a href="/wiki/Niwclews_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Niwclews cell">niwclews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellbilen" title="Cellbilen">cellbilen</a> neu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organynnau_isgellog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organynnau isgellog (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">organynnau isgellog</a>. Caiff gyfradd synthesis ac actifedd ensym eu dylanwadu ymhellach gan <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormonau</a>, secretiadau nerfol a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemegyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemegyn (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">chemegion</a> eraill sy'n effeithio amgylchedd mewnol cell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ffactorau_sy'n_effeithio_actifedd_ensym"><span id="Ffactorau_sy.27n_effeithio_actifedd_ensym"></span>Ffactorau sy'n effeithio actifedd ensym</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Ffactorau sy'n effeithio actifedd ensym" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ffactorau sy'n effeithio actifedd ensym"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gall actifedd ensym gael ei effeithio gan nifer o foleciwlau eraill. Mae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atalydd_ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atalydd ensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">atalyddion</a> yn foleciwlau sy'n lleihau actifedd ensym, a mae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Actifadydd_ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actifadydd ensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">actifadyddion</a> yn cynyddu actifedd ensymau. Caiff gyfradd adwaith ensymatig hefyd gael ei effeithio gan <a href="/wiki/Tymheredd" title="Tymheredd">dymheredd</a>, <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crynodiad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crynodiad (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">crynodiad</a> y swbstrad neu ensym. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Priodweddau_ensymau">Priodweddau ensymau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Priodweddau ensymau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Priodweddau ensymau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Proteinau yw ensymau sy'n cyflymu neu yn catalyddu cyfradd adwaith cemegol.<sup id="cite_ref-‎Adolygu_-_Revision_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolygu_-_Revision-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mae pob ensym yn gweithio yn benodol i un math o foleciwl yn unig, a caiff ei ddangos wrth ddefnyddio model allwedd a clo.<sup id="cite_ref-‎Adolygu_-_Revision_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolygu_-_Revision-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maent yn gweithio ar dymheredd penodol sef y tymheredd optimwm sy'n achosi i'r ensymau weithio'n gyflymach ac achosi mwy o wrthdrawiadau llwyddiannus, ond os yw'r tymheredd yn uwch na'r pH optimwm, bydd yr ensym yn dadnatureiddio, a ni fyddai'r un mor effeithiol.<sup id="cite_ref-‎Adolygu_-_Revision_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolygu_-_Revision-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Os yw'r ensym yn gweithio ar y pH optimwm, bydd yn llawer mwy effeithlon, os bydd yn uwch neu is na'r pH optimwm, bydd hefyd yn dadnatureiddio.<sup id="cite_ref-‎Adolygu_-_Revision_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolygu_-_Revision-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cineteg_a_thermodynameg">Cineteg a thermodynameg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Cineteg a thermodynameg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Cineteg a thermodynameg"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Gweler hefyd: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineteg_ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cineteg ensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Cineteg ensym</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecwilibriwm_Thermodynamig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecwilibriwm Thermodynamig (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ecwilibriwm Thermodynamig</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecwilibriwm_Cemegol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecwilibriwm Cemegol (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ecwilibriwm Cemegol</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Gan nad yw ensymau yn cael eu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treulio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treulio (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">treulio</a> yn ystod yr adweithiau maent yn <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">cataleiddo</a> a gellir eu defnyddio drosodd a throsodd, dim ond maint bach o ensym sydd angen i gataleiddio adwaith. Bydd ensym nodweddiadol yn medru trosi rhyw fil o foleciwlau swbstrad i mewn i gynnyrch pob eiliad. Mae cyfradd adwaith yn cynyddu gyda crynodiad y swbstrad, ac yn cyrraedd macsimwm pan fod holl safleoedd actif y moleciwlau ensym yn cael eu defnyddio. Ar y pwynt hwnnw, dywedir fod yr ensym yn ddirlawn, ac felly bydd y cyfradd adwaith yn cael ei benderfynu gan y cyflymder y mae'r safleoedd actif yn medru trosi swbstrad i gynnyrch. </p><p>Fel pob adwaith gemegol, mae tymheredd yn effeithio cyfradd yr adwaith. Yn ôl <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineteg_ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cineteg ensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">theori cinetig</a>, bydd cyfradd adwaith ensymatig yn dyblu pob 10˚C; ond yn wahanol i gatalyddion anorganig, mae ensymau yn dadnatureiddio ar dymereddau uchel. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o ensymau â tymheredd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optimwm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optimwm (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">optimwm</a> o 37-40˚C, ac wedi'r pwynt yma, bydd y cyfradd adwaith yn disgyn gan fod y gwres uchel yn newid strwythur rhai o'r moleciwlau ensym, gan atal eu actifedd. Dyma'r rheswm pan yr argymhellir i ddefnyddio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Powdr_golchi_biolegol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powdr golchi biolegol (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">powdr golchi biolegol</a>, sydd yn treulio <a href="/wiki/Staen" title="Staen">staeniau</a> ar ddillad trwy ddefnyddio ensymau, ar dymheredd o 40˚C. Hwn yw'r tymheredd optimwm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atalyddion">Atalyddion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Atalyddion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Atalyddion"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Prif erthygl: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atalydd_ensym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atalydd ensym (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Atalydd ensym</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Competitive_inhibitor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Competitive_inhibitor.svg/220px-Competitive_inhibitor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="466" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Competitive_inhibitor.svg/330px-Competitive_inhibitor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Competitive_inhibitor.svg/440px-Competitive_inhibitor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Ataliad cystadleuol: swbstrad (S) ac atalydd (I) yn cystadlu am y safle actif.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gellir atal actifedd ensym yn defnyddio amrywiaeth o atalyddion. Digwyddir <i>ataliad cystadleuol</i> pan fo atalyddion, sy'n debyg iawn mewn strwythur i wir foleciwlau swbstrad yr ensym, yn clymu i'r safle actif gan atal yr ensym rhag gysylltu â'i swbstrad. Mewn <i>ataliad anghystadleuol</i>, mae'r atalyddion yn clymu i'r ensym mewn lleoliad ar wahân i'r safle actif i'w anactifadu. Mewn rhai enghreifftiau, mae'r atalydd yn clymu i'r ensym mewn modd sy'n ffisegol yn rhwystro ei safle actif, felly'n ei anactifadu. Mewn enghreifftiau eraill, mae rhwymiad yr atalydd yn newid siâp yr ensym ac yn anffurfio ei safle actif, felly'n rhwystro'r ensym rhag rhyngweithio â'i swbstrad. </p><p>Defnyddir atalyddion yn aml fel <a href="/wiki/Cyffur" title="Cyffur">cyffuriau</a>, ond maent hefyd yn medru gweithio fel <a href="/wiki/Gwenwyn" title="Gwenwyn">gwenwynau</a>. Er hynny, mae'r gwahaniaeth rhwng cyffur a gwenwyn fel arfer ddim ond yn fater o faint, gan fod y rhan fwyaf o gyffuriau'n wenwynig uwchben rhyw drothwy. Esiampl o hwn fyddai <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>, sy'n atal ensymau cynhyrchu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostaglandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostaglandin (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">prostaglandin</a> (negesydd sy'n achosi llid) a felly'n llethu poen. Er hynny, mewn crynodiad digon uchel, mae aspirin yn wenwynig. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o atalyddion gwenwynig cryf fel arfer yn rhwystro gweithgaredd ensymatig drwy <i>ataliad anghildroadwy</i>. Maent yn adweithio gyda'r ensym i ffurfio adwythiad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofalent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cofalent (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">cofalent</a> gyda'r <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, a mae'r anactifadiad yma'n anghildroadwy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asidedd">Asidedd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Asidedd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Asidedd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Gweler hefyd: <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Gall asidedd yr amgylchedd effeithio actifedd ensym. Tra bod amgylchedd <a href="/wiki/Asidau" class="mw-redirect" title="Asidau">asidau</a> neu <a href="/wiki/Alcali" title="Alcali">alcalïaidd</a> iawn yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadnatureiddiad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadnatureiddiad (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">dadnatureiddio</a> nifer fawr o ensymau, mae angen <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> arbennig ar rhai ensymau i'w actifadu. Er enghraifft, mae'r ensymau treuliol <a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">pepsin</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rennin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rennin (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">rennin</a> yn cael eu actifadu gan asid hydroclorig mewn stumogau anifeiliaid. Felly, mae'r newid mewn pH yn effeithio gwahanol ensymau mewn gwahanol ffyrdd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni_allanol">Dolenni allanol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensym&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni allanol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/enzymes/">Cronfa Ddata Strwythurau Ensymau</a> yn cysylltu i'r data strwythurol 3-D hysbys o'r ensymau yn y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronfa_Ddata_Protein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronfa Ddata Protein (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Cronfa Ddata Protein</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tutor.lscf.ucsb.edu/instdev/sears/biochemistry/tw-enz/tabs-enzymes-frames.htm">Strwythur a swyddogaeth ensymau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318142348/http://tutor.lscf.ucsb.edu/instdev/sears/biochemistry/tw-enz/tabs-enzymes-frames.htm">Archifwyd</a> 2009-03-18 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a>, gwybodaeth ynglŷn â strwythur a mecanwaith ensymau.</li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-‎Adolygu_-_Revision-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adolygu_-_Revision_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adolygu_-_Revision_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adolygu_-_Revision_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adolygu_-_Revision_1-3">1.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/adolygu-revision/id900110539">"‎Adolygu - Revision"</a>. <i>App Store</i> (yn Saesneg)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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