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Project MUSE - Lording It over the Goddess: Water, Gender, and Human-Environmental Relations
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-58347753-2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-58347753-2'); gtag('config', 'G-9E7VT47G3J'); </script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:image" content="/article/547740/og_image.jpg" /> <!-- google --> <!-- google --> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Indiana University Press"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="jfs"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Lording It over the Goddess: Water, Gender, and Human-Environmental Relations"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Veronica Strang"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="30"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="85"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="109"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2014/06/22"> <meta name="citation_year" content="2014"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1553-3913"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/547740"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/547740/pdf"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.2979/jfemistudreli.30.1.85"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=Veronica Strang; 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It examines transitions from totemic “nature religions” to male-dominated and hierarchical belief systems, and considers how these intersected with shifts to settlement and agriculture, differentiated gender roles, and stratified sociopolitical arrangements. With developments in farming, enlarging societies moved from egalitarian partnerships with other species and ecosystems to more directive interactions. Irrigation channeled water into human interests. Initially seen as embodying female principles, it became the gift of male religious beings. From being a common good, it became subject to male property rights. Long understood as the substance of social and spiritual regeneration, it was reframed as an economic “asset.” Observing these transformations, the article also considers long-term contraflows: indigenous struggles; subaltern religions; and environmentalist and feminist challenges to sociopolitical inequalities."> <!-- /google --> <!-- /google --> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <title>Project MUSE - Lording It over the Goddess: Water, Gender, and Human-Environmental Relations</title> <style> .js_on { display:none; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/normalize.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/foundation.min.css?11012024"/> <!-- style:style_home2.css --> <style> .small{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px}small.caps{text-transform:uppercase}h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{color:inherit 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endColorstr=#669933)';" > <div id="journal_banner_title_wrap" class="wrap left banner_title_wrap"> <div id="journal_banner_title" class="banner_title"> <h1>Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion</h1> </div> </div> <div id="journal_banner_search_wrap" class="show-for-large wrap banner_search_wrap"> <div id="journal_banner_search" class="banner_search" role="search" aria-label="search inside this journal"> <div> <noscript> <form method="post" action="/search/" aria-label="search within this journal"> <input type="text" name="no_js_journal_query" placeholder="Search Within Journal"/> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="search"/> <input type="hidden" name="t" value="search_journal_header"/> </noscript> <input type="hidden" name="search_within_journal_id" id="search_within_journal_id" value="294" title="search within journal" aria-label="search within journal" /> <script>document.write('<input type="text" name="search_within_journal_input" id="search_within_journal_input" 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of Feminist Studies in Religion</a></span></li> <!-- Publisher Object In Use --> <li class="publisher"> <a href="/search?action=browse&limit=publisher_id:3">Indiana University Press</a> </li> <li class="designation"> <span> <a href="/issue/30227">Volume 30, Number 1, Spring 2014</a> </span> </li> <li class="pg"><span>pp. 85-109</span></li> <li class="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.2979/jfemistudreli.30.1.85">10.2979/jfemistudreli.30.1.85</a></li> <li class="type"><span class="article small">Article</span></li> <li> <div class="content_action"> <ul class="action_btns"> <li class="view_citation"> <span><a href="/view_citations?type=article&id=547740">View Citation</a></span> </li> <li class="related_content" style="display: none;"> <a href="/related_content?type=article&id=547740" onclick="gtag('event', 'click', {'event_category': 'Related Content link', 'event_label': 'link from summary'});"> <img src="/images/icon_related.png" alt="Related Content" class="icon"> <span class="link_text">Related Content</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li style="padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px;"> <a href="#info_wrap">Additional Information</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!--purchase--> <!--end purchase--> <div class="abstract"> <span class="abstractheader">Abstract</span> <p>Focusing on human engagements with water, this article steps back from specifically cultural or historical contexts in order to trace the larger patterns of social, religious, and technological change that have transformed most societies’ relationships with their environments. It examines transitions from totemic “nature religions” to male-dominated and hierarchical belief systems, and considers how these intersected with shifts to settlement and agriculture, differentiated gender roles, and stratified sociopolitical arrangements. With developments in farming, enlarging societies moved from egalitarian partnerships with other species and ecosystems to more directive interactions. Irrigation channeled water into human interests. Initially seen as embodying female principles, it became the gift of male religious beings. From being a common good, it became subject to male property rights. Long understood as the substance of social and spiritual regeneration, it was reframed as an economic “asset.” Observing these transformations, the article also considers long-term contraflows: indigenous struggles; subaltern religions; and environmentalist and feminist challenges to sociopolitical inequalities.</p> </div> <div class="pdf_preview"> <img id="fullsizepdfpreview" src="/article/547740/pdfimage" alt="pdf" /> </div> <!-- --> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#auth_toggle").click(function(){ toggleAuth(); }); $(document).on("keypress","#auth_toggle",function(e) { if(e.which == 13) { toggleAuth(); } }); }); function toggleAuth() { $("#auth_box").toggle(); if ($("#auth_toggle").hasClass("open")) { $("#auth_toggle").html("expand"); $("#auth_toggle").removeClass("open"); } else { $("#auth_toggle").html("collapse"); $("#auth_toggle").addClass("open"); } } </script> <div id="sticky_foot"> <a id="auth_toggle" tabindex="0" class="open"> collapse </a> <div id="auth_box"> <strong>You are not currently authenticated.</strong> <div id="auth_sm">If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution or have your own login and password to Project MUSE</div> <a class="btn_authenticate" href="/account">Authenticate</a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- test: --> <!-- right nav --> <div id="rightnav_wrap" class="article_wrap columns large-10 full"> <div class="aux"> <!--purchase--> <!--end purchase--> <div class="title_wrap title_social"><h2>Share</h2></div> <div class="social"> <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_26 a2a_default_style" data-a2a-icon-color="#284f84" data-a2a-url="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/547740" data-a2a-title="Project MUSE - Lording It over the Goddess: Water, Gender, and Human-Environmental Relations"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_print"></a><a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- right nav --> </div> </div> <div id="info_wrap" class="row wrap" role="complementary"> <div class="column full"> <div class="title_wrap details"> <h3>Additional Information</h3> </div> <div class="details_tbl"> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> ISSN </div> <div class="cell"> 1553-3913 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Print ISSN </div> <div class="cell"> 8755-4178 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Pages </div> <div class="cell"> pp. 85-109 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Launched on MUSE </div> <div class="cell"> 2014-06-22 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Open Access </div> <div class="cell"> No </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column full"> </div> </div> <div id="footer_block" role="contentinfo" aria-label="footer"> <div id="footer_mission" class="content"> <div class="wrap row" id="about_wrap"> <div id="about"> <h2>Project MUSE Mission</h2> <p>Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide. 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