CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134325aaf03ff7d',cH: 'oz3pXy28WaKubMrHrdXiM0VHI0G.xlnRim8dRn3oXEs-1739778733-1.2.1.1-i_8pWA1ChHq5XDrEDZMrNWfP.GnKpLFDOkfSH.cbja2NCDMhTb5ky8ieAAR_Tx6d',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=conventional%20banking&__cf_chl_tk=7z6HspRrUJByWamsnfi2Gtgqs1LKmvvUC3Bzc9XUpRY-1739778733-1.0.1.1-JAcZjDUf4HhBqzUswSeGv3VwO0JYXujuWD4c5j_qz3w",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778733',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=conventional%20banking&__cf_chl_f_tk=7z6HspRrUJByWamsnfi2Gtgqs1LKmvvUC3Bzc9XUpRY-1739778733-1.0.1.1-JAcZjDUf4HhBqzUswSeGv3VwO0JYXujuWD4c5j_qz3w",md: "HgW5LCT5ArucqLIoCmXy0IEMfWt_27fKcHmEY0fm_Ns-1739778733-1.2.1.1-KxwdT9hSvIBI20PosfFH.k6ShEyd3KEO55GdeS6SkFEbzvQxakNNeTzGfhEf9HVKPY0fhMQi47e5TAxVNbLhdd.EpHSmYTMEukEk6nev9mhTeRlsS_IPSe7ESgppOgY0rSN_s7FsYMwuN5xk8yE45zPEFbRNOwzLAcPKSMcof1m8VTNyHlAOkK7Nz5ol3_Lsi4eukfoIc.ai7AKvsKPhlnSW62e_lHOUNbzxS1lNzL2Ai0F1YSC_d5vhIn.qQSTsniPuxAejFTpq3jfVkdOAR5eI7JscWWtb9lw05iixRxhQQM0Gg0RaAvmH8bu7rt468OuEBFFMXqx5ykcCnKljmNEAGhb9tRliRxtHoLfcIICpcMUUjyF.N7chw_PY5EwjpFcQtPYea4nmqOTdXSeA5PHeXollQdAPgSu2tnrbKAmrHx6if7r5.YHcWwPipCzFIbp4qh57ufI8mPJ0d_cLZv3Apnu9hyoquRQr5N3pd4kPLZBGnE8pEgIgQe8L3j36ILLeNC1w1tFwQGXsfNOJcNJ5VSLiJzUX9WYbQmIEl.Ph9RFDwqaPL4b8EFPgPBhGMlpc2WnkJFml2GctnefGhFLMgLb68S6mujsVvhzUwwlfNqAvuI.3RelLelDUKXcAniOOsqHOmWd.L6Foce_5bsKcwc5iMq1n0F4zmZYUztGOazN_K39Vb0Bi7A2U2Gu.NYyNXoUhrScmqMnVgOAZvqQ4sic9prcSs3ToTOVU41fyTa.xwFv7eLn1faYsK5cjg1n.cPFzl3hjowIr7fBtMyK.lHxIjhSICuy3DvHi7UlIMwQtKC0bqKl3.pgOeOdWr55TCym0yHrWYuQxFmQQo5XOGVbNloDGE0N0paz846fHjMXpF5690H5TsTby_dr7L9aeaszLpjxIVhSYn70wCSee9fszd8l296bIqVCtqJgF1qkECE3zYP8F8O3JIDCENc6FGEbN2sBFCZH6ndhyfMd7nl8LgqV_FBle0QdtL8fskjR6WI8rnrd1sGPjgrZrmj_MsD_JtSPyBBx5GlbN7VbEhwyyjqy0z5Omua5oegRF71hdGcOdc3pO8AsYPNrzuOhGxWl0uvOmo3YSooB4kpL3dZ95UWb4.2JQIuUUKKfCJ2MMAa.iOHoyj_z1RdUhYJ9kgoEsrKLYdcFIftmEAB6x_EOSEpc929PqBJBVaYiisv8KAW71Vzr7cWEk6ZAqo1nXUlD9DojEBRc6iFDKCWOTgPrmeLTOerEUQnerSJ3g5URfO6TSgWZ3s8AQarp96muzaWnVRhfy10CZaDXDdQ7izdHgPMBP.3jS2BRoNiWGDLP0uzvj9hGm0lY7nMZJQDkx5cVuprpFF2.EhDkH0oaTFaqmX24n1GbONj._BlJujxkxIoFWck62zH2gQGOmlGjKBQPXftDfoLogxtBGvmQP776kUKZEYS3g8A2B6zKOhzmly2AQ2iKd.Oftx6ZC2freb7Bicwdov8ZFyxGRepJDm4bN_UNoJjl4uAqzLEjsWUwVb3riM11gx77ZinOIZKgsbfqSnp729mGA8KFOhFcGpaR8.z9Xu4eqZmYs1erxweZG.lBe1r1m_9H8sIaoFK2E3Q9aOSaoUn9Iq2urTZx5VcDLyvl2_G9cmXXTgZVHTs62OqrStxYsCbZzDE5Ua5Pa5NLHO1ZdAec1PTsC0P2SZrgrQt9EZ0wCpqHCmvcMJhyIfezSocGP9URRg9J0rFmQSuya3RaPIpYoVSp0gHIkWSsbSfSA6KaMitvNxJMkHDbGRLQISaTyqsoMnffQxaBWf7yMZQqQTWO0sBIJQx7ckMPLqFPRxpzyXAcCjbYKFxbS91tD4ZTE9Gw1uIfswof85trcrSYjiK477uYQuIupqmz0YYYNZgpNZOLwN9ZGopcH4nAPwYy.FAkrGGhptVRfvyNXgUbArNk6u1UH0d1C8hH_5ruE0YYhDhb.lcumlW_3RKaITmuOad.wWBna",mdrd: "suciLZCxg_T._e1TplQdDz2a9HWp3ssp80kdiG_Wurw-1739778733-1.2.1.1-rtZcKTCO__sxUzkpItFGhPG.Otu89T1y0HDiv9OT12674vW50kITAbJ2yxOs0RcVhvxFezdNR1B3X.1SH5Hni_GA_2_N3PbxwQkxesv4yyJ0qvogARg.FmlJLL8Npaw.qCxYBtUYwQvyhg7XcktzvWg3ms5kBRz4kV_uCLsXisxooS5qEak3qclNRd.TpHi4C7.x5K.wYENmXPnx6WiY2XD7Rn2qC8H4.QNqSBqYL1XQwgQOReFddbB9m6PG.YaXakOEhyTAoC0syq2uRizSXVpSL79d9lqDXKq8LE8cPh9HdhkZjbbML7FABY1oOzjp7hKaAscR7MrePAPF_X4FMs37FM_3riBWD4dVRo1ec1BWpxRandBLAQQhkzbyvC_QBRhPSuIwYQRuCtn2K3kiZ5ePnjnLwJfQfiHp_cPO1cTlKyutfyfSf75CuvZV3sacmE3XNHIC8nr5YDZ83QdLfLS9YpsivZLp5StH0EzwfOUh_HwUxaTxeOVUZ.zt4AzJwNr51CITLcfjoEL5kxi9wMjgCmOWRpBUzSZPqHOHX11l5aLM7KCPVEhLyP8MVI8DaTljVXvTrFpDgUNVKGOlM712Rs6_01zbkRaWj2FndyqH.8aDAnt6bZEi4jKwiFqNt8EzPNGUnRIgaH2g96G072LsfBgax7hvABk3a97xlwxajQ1UnKaAW_9LgP_Kw_aRtyJh_350bTyTfk2IRAN8qUkveWf5cwzgaiMrAyCey_z7FynHkwjRykKO_N_OxVu3x7wqiUqd7RIlJmOL9qQ42ukeIax6U3uir7tAF03k7auadVSTvr2lyRg4tjIg.czktZXCAhk2ugXvIdCAe7mTNM4NdYfupS.REervb.emAiZqbZM8PoxOZCXibYtNSa_T4tV4kKGwEQiyc6zfRCxR7vF4J5jh0pqJju1BcvBXsEDBlHMvnWVOBbpyPXmJ5xQDLbBqBsIDFSkECtEULd6CkhIMxK4zkJgCsibBHIp7nzCsODSX5_n4jFXSwbxlveF5AiLJpbviALf0OcmcMzxZUhasRGyuyItOdBwDo88NjRKW20wuDt.kkWjTtPiU9S3bZcR_cO.C4ePWzqOqWm2e2Zan4qsyPsALYiggC7aFBQXmKqjwoYhYjVZ_QICnfXkL7GAzR6FhG.dhybR625lSuxGeYreHb6MEf6KVKUfOguD3aSg19IL0CnwXPZ6x7kLxJH.BFvdHKkIHKTpzTl_mi1bMKSdR4SgJEMFtNxLS6iUYNHnJ0VLx6nMOeUuik.h9_vVovrIG9WWuob1e.Iwxb506.wDNr_weZHDRak4YAY_VMTJEQeHy4cb7ktOdPPicEmClymC.BjQxFRK8KDlKAa5xQDlUuSo0kCZHt3ab3Ih.BjpI3ClkXQAqo8F8UW1btvbbdYUSsoWdtqA1OSKCaa4EFEPWu.JGb8SNyjfgGRA1E5D.O6cNIMIWxKy_upGJ1sKurFOLVVeLrhAwoqZXZVJAbTzqCp9nkhR1g1dQrsJq0Z.b1N6bpknk084t8sJ2zqHFWyFxOnSnupZUocsD.7l9hrGUe7a37Z7N0C8vKc.NHdYkFBeZ9BkgKOrwhbkOwGSf7qU.7cxZxi4rCgWCCiwDMxLuIo2P2KDZ3ZzXfmdIFJboY5ZRKTCyjHBakae2qmoxyexdfBW4leHpSkz7KPSAdjZKSUnHoXsZ9UviM4dXNkMzio4ok40uS32pWg8keoTWVj1N7bXis9.P70PjMnT2SdpOKc1kWbRzdeIDjht2azCBbyCiI1RaNwNw7y0zdB2G9WmapU4WmEIX6fVY22ETeWJkv.f2zY257orPaz.6ifr9cpDissquXCsVhANacq2u2i9P28gHhQmbAQaiw5dxo73kqqBNPSkoGSP_b__D0K0Pss068TWfTMv4J2uK27elj7JH6G7qy33DzLwvtFc.nA8mF9DfYohxMsY1aTWegpwrLzZGZDc9EUERbhi5"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134325aaf03ff7d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=conventional%20banking&__cf_chl_rt_tk=7z6HspRrUJByWamsnfi2Gtgqs1LKmvvUC3Bzc9XUpRY-1739778733-1.0.1.1-JAcZjDUf4HhBqzUswSeGv3VwO0JYXujuWD4c5j_qz3w" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>