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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>Isaiah 16 Benson Commentary</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/isaiah/161.htm" /><link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Cardo&subset=greek-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><link rel="stylesheet" href="/5001com.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 4800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 4800px)" href="/4801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1550px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1550px)" href="/1551.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1250px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1250px)" href="/1251.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1050px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1050px)" href="/1051.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 900px), only screen and (max-device-width: 900px)" href="/901.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 800px)" href="/801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 575px), only screen and (max-device-width: 575px)" href="/501.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-height: 450px), only screen and (max-device-height: 450px)" href="/h451.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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First he advises them to be just to the house of David, and to pay the tribute they had formerly covenanted to pay to the kings of his line. David, it must be recollected, had subdued the Moabites, and made them tributaries to him, <a href="/2_samuel/8-2.htm" title="And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.">2 Samuel 8:2</a>. Afterward they paid their tribute to the kings of Israel, <a href="/2_kings/3-4.htm" title="And Mesha king of Moab was a sheep master, and rendered to the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool.">2 Kings 3:4</a>; which, it appears, was not less than 100,000 lambs annually. This it is likely had been discontinued, and neither paid to the kings of Israel nor those of Judah. Now it is thought the prophet here requires them to pay this tribute, or, at least, what they had covenanted with David to pay, to the king of Judah, who was now Hezekiah, that thereby they might at once do an act of neglected justice, and make him and the Jews their friends, which would be of great use to them in their calamity. These verses therefore are thus paraphrased by Vitringa: “Ye Moabites, who, subdued by David, and made tributary to his house and kingdom, have, with pride and arrogance, shaken off his yoke: placate in time, and render propitious to you, the Jews, and their king, by <span class="ital">sending </span>those <span class="ital">lambs, </span>which you owe to them as a tribute. Send them from <span class="ital">Sela, </span>or <span class="ital">Petra, </span>(which was most celebrated for its flocks, <a href="/2_kings/14-7.htm" title="He slew of Edom in the valley of salt ten thousand, and took Selah by war, and called the name of it Joktheel to this day.">2 Kings 14:7</a>,) <span class="ital">toward the desert, </span>the desert near Jericho, a medium place between Sela and mount Zion, <a href="/joshua/5-10.htm" title="And the children of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the month at even in the plains of Jericho.">Joshua 5:10</a>.” Or, as the words may be rendered, <span class="ital">from Sela, of, </span>or, <span class="ital">in the wilderness. </span>“Pay this tribute, for it shall most certainly come to pass, that the daughters of the Moabites, <span class="ital">like a wandering bird from a deserted nest, </span>driven from their seats, must somewhere seek a place of safety in the great calamity which shall befall their nation. It is therefore now time to solicit the friendship of the Jews, and to remember the duty owing to them, but so long omitted; that when expelled from your own habitations, you may be received kindly by them, and dwell hospitably in their land, and under the shadow of their kings.” Some, however, understand the prophet as advising them to send a lamb for a sacrifice unto God, <span class="ital">the ruler of the land </span>of the Moabites, as well as of that of the Jews; or the ruler of <span class="ital">the earth, </span>as <span class="greekheb">ארצ</span> is commonly rendered: to him who is <span class="ital">the God of the whole earth, </span>as he is called, <a href="/isaiah/54-5.htm" title="For your Maker is your husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and your Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called.">Isaiah 54:5</a>. <span class="ital">Of all the kingdoms of the earth, </span><a href="/isaiah/37-16.htm" title="O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, that dwell between the cherubim, you are the God, even you alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: you have made heaven and earth.">Isaiah 37:16</a>. As if he had said, Make your peace with God, by sacrifice, for all your injuries done to him and to his people. <span class="ital">The fords of Arnon </span>was the border of the land of Moab, where their daughters are supposed to be with a design to flee out of their own land, though they knew not whither.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="2"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-2.htm">Isaiah 16:2</a></div><div class="verse">For it shall be, <i>that</i>, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, <i>so</i> the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.</div><A name="3"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-3.htm">Isaiah 16:3</a></div><div class="verse">Take counsel, execute judgment; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; bewray not him that wandereth.</div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/isaiah/16-3.htm" title="Take counsel, execute judgment; make your shadow as the night in the middle of the noonday; hide the outcasts; denude not him that wanders....">Isaiah 16:3-4</a></span>. <span class="ital">Take counsel, </span>&c. — We have here the second counsel given to the Moabites, which “contains a complex of various offices, equity, justice, humanity, to be exercised toward those of the Israelites whom the Assyrian affliction had driven, or should drive, to their borders and cities, and who should seek refuge among them: which counsel is so given to the Moabites, by the prophet, as evidently to upbraid them for the fault of having neglected these offices; the pernicious consequences of which they were sure to feel in the ensuing calamities, if they altered not so bad a practice.” — Dodd, <span class="ital">Execute judgment </span>— Hebrew, <span class="greekheb">עשׂי פלילה</span>, <span class="ital">make a distinction. </span>The expression denotes that act of the mind whereby it “discriminates truth from falsehood, right from wrong;” as if he had said, “Consider what becomes you, what is your duty in this case; what you owe to exiles and outcasts, both by the laws of equity and reason, of humanity and brotherly love.” <span class="ital">Make thy shadow as the night </span>— Or, <span class="ital">as the shadow of the night, </span>large and dark, as the shadow of the earth is in the night-season. “Afford my exiled and afflicted people, who shall flee to you for safety, a safe retreat, defence, and succour against the extreme, the noon-day heat of the sharp persecution which so heavily oppresses them.” The idea is taken from the comfort of a shady situation in those hot countries; and the metaphor is fully explained in what follows. Vitringa is of opinion that the prophet here refers to the distress of the Reubenites, Gadites, and Manassites under Tiglath-pileser. But it is more probable that he refers to the distress which should be caused in Judah by Pekah and Rezin, in the days of Ahaz, (<a href="/isaiah/9-1.htm" title="Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations.">Isaiah 9:1</a>,) or that by the Assyrians? when <span class="ital">Sennacherib came up against the defenced cities of Judah, and took them, </span><a href="/isaiah/36-1.htm" title="Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defended cities of Judah, and took them.">Isaiah 36:1</a>; during which distresses, undoubtedly, many of the Jews sought shelter among the Moabites and other neighbouring nations. <span class="ital">For the extortioner is at an end </span>— Hebrew, <span class="greekheb">אפס המצ</span>, <span class="ital">the presser, wringer, </span>or <span class="ital">oppressor hath left off, </span>or, as Bishop Lowth translates it, <span class="ital">is no more; </span>that is, shall shortly be destroyed, and my people shall ere long be restored, and then thou wilt not lose the fruit of thy kindness. The bishop renders the next two clauses, “The destroyer ceaseth, he that trampled under foot is perished from the land.” The present tense is put for the future, as it often is in prophecies. Thus “the prophet supports his counsel by a reason, the sum of which is, that oppression should cease, the spoilers of the earth be cut off, and the throne of clemency and grace established, on which a king of righteousness and equity should sit.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="4"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-4.htm">Isaiah 16:4</a></div><div class="verse">Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moab; be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler: for the extortioner is at an end, the spoiler ceaseth, the oppressors are consumed out of the land.</div><A name="5"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-5.htm">Isaiah 16:5</a></div><div class="verse">And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness.</div><span class="bld"><a href="/isaiah/16-5.htm" title="And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit on it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hastening righteousness.">Isaiah 16:5</a></span>. <span class="ital">And in mercy — </span>By my mercy. I am now punishing their sins, yet I will deliver them for my own mercy’s sake. <span class="ital">The throne shall be established — </span>The kingdom of Judah. <span class="ital">He — </span>Their king; <span class="ital">shall sit upon it in truth — </span>That is, firmly and constantly; for truth is often put for the stability and certainty of a thing, as <a href="/2_chronicles/32-1.htm" title="After these things, and the establishment thereof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself.">2 Chronicles 32:1</a>; <a href="/proverbs/11-18.htm" title="The wicked works a deceitful work: but to him that sows righteousness shall be a sure reward.">Proverbs 11:18</a>. <span class="ital">In the tabernacle of David — </span>In the house, or palace, which is called <span class="ital">a tent, </span>or <span class="ital">tabernacle, </span>with respect to the unsettledness of David’s house, which now indeed was more like a tabernacle than a strong palace. <span class="ital">Seeking judgment — </span>Searching out the truth of things with care and diligence; <span class="ital">and hasting righteousness — </span>Neither denying nor yet delaying justice. Interpreters vary greatly concerning the application of this passage. Some refer it entirely to Hezekiah, a pious and just king, whose throne, after the chastisement of Sennacherib in Judea, was established in glory; others refer it immediately to the Messiah; and others again to both: to Hezekiah as the type, and to the Messiah, in a more sublime sense, as the antitype; and this seems to be nearly the opinion of Vitringa, who thinks that while the prophet was speaking of the advantages of the kingdom of Hezekiah, he was carried forward to a contemplation of the kingdom of Christ, and made use of such phrases as, in their full extent, can only be applied to that kingdom.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="6"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-6.htm">Isaiah 16:6</a></div><div class="verse">We have heard of the pride of Moab; <i>he is</i> very proud: <i>even</i> of his haughtiness, and his pride, and his wrath: <i>but</i> his lies <i>shall</i> not <i>be</i> so.</div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/isaiah/16-6.htm" title="We have heard of the pride of Moab; he is very proud: even of his haughtiness, and his pride, and his wrath: but his lies shall not be so....">Isaiah 16:6-7</a></span>. <span class="ital">We have heard of the pride of Moab, </span>&c. — The prophet, having spoken to the Moabites, now turns his speech to God’s people. The sense is, I do not expect that my counsels will have any good effect upon Moab; they will still carry themselves insolently and outrageously. <span class="ital">His lies shall not be so </span>— His vain imaginations, and false and crafty counsels, shall not take effect. <span class="ital">Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab — </span>One Moabite shall howl or lament to or for another; <span class="ital">for the foundations of Kir-hareseth</span> — An ancient and eminent city of Moab, called Kir, <a href="/isaiah/15-1.htm" title="The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence;">Isaiah 15:1</a>, and Kir-haresh, <a href="/isaiah/16-11.htm" title="Why my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and my inward parts for Kirharesh.">Isaiah 16:11</a>, which was preserved when their other cities were ruined, and therefore the destruction of it was more lamented. <span class="ital">Surely they are stricken — </span>Or <span class="ital">broken, </span>overthrown or destroyed.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="7"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-7.htm">Isaiah 16:7</a></div><div class="verse">Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourn; surely <i>they are</i> stricken.</div><A name="8"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-8.htm">Isaiah 16:8</a></div><div class="verse">For the fields of Heshbon languish, <i>and</i> the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come <i>even</i> unto Jazer, they wandered <i>through</i> the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea.</div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/isaiah/16-8.htm" title="For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even to Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea....">Isaiah 16:8-10</a></span>. <span class="ital">The fields of Heshbon languish — </span>Either for want of rain, or, rather, because no men should be left to till and manure them. <span class="ital">And the vine of Sibmah — </span>These vines and those of Heshbon were greatly celebrated, and held in high repute with all the great men and princes of that and the neighbouring countries, and were propagated from thence, not only over all the country of Moab, but to the sea of Sodom; yea, scions of them, as is signified in the last clause of this verse, were sent even beyond the sea into foreign countries: but the prophet here foretels, that <span class="ital">the lords of the heathen — </span>That is, the Assyrians or Chaldeans, the great rulers of the eastern nations, would soon destroy them, and all other productions of the land; and then their shouting and singing for the vintage or harvest would utterly cease, as is expressed <a href="/context/isaiah/16-9.htm" title="Therefore I will mourn with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water you with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for your summer fruits and for your harvest is fallen....">Isaiah 16:9-10</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="9"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-9.htm">Isaiah 16:9</a></div><div class="verse">Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen.</div><A name="10"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-10.htm">Isaiah 16:10</a></div><div class="verse">And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine in <i>their</i> presses; I have made <i>their vintage</i> shouting to cease.</div><A name="11"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-11.htm">Isaiah 16:11</a></div><div class="verse">Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kirharesh.</div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/isaiah/16-11.htm" title="Why my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and my inward parts for Kirharesh....">Isaiah 16:11-12</a></span>. <span class="ital">Wherefore my bowels shall sound as a harp — </span>Through compassion. In excessive grief, the bowels are sometimes rolled together, so as to make an audible noise. Hereby he signifies the greatness of their approaching calamity, which, being so grievous to him, must needs be intolerable to them. <span class="ital">And when it is seen that Moab is weary, </span>&c. — When it shall appear to them and others, that all their other devotions are vain and ineffectual; <span class="ital">he shall come to his sanctuary to pray </span>— To the temple of his great god Chemosh; <span class="ital">but he shall not prevail </span>— His god can neither hear nor help him. In other words, the Moabites, “as their last efforts, shall go to their altars, there to perform their sacred rites to appease the anger of their deity: but, wearied herewith, they shall enter into some more sacred and celebrated sanctuary of their god, to pour forth their earnest supplications and prayers, but shall obtain nothing; thus proving the vanity of their superstition, and the imbecility of those false deities on whom they trusted.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="12"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-12.htm">Isaiah 16:12</a></div><div class="verse">And it shall come to pass, when it is seen that Moab is weary on the high place, that he shall come to his sanctuary to pray; but he shall not prevail.</div><A name="13"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-13.htm">Isaiah 16:13</a></div><div class="verse">This <i>is</i> the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning Moab since that time.</div><span class="bld"><a href="/context/isaiah/16-13.htm" title="This is the word that the LORD has spoken concerning Moab since that time....">Isaiah 16:13-14</a></span>. <span class="ital">This is the word that the Lord hath spoken </span>— This prophecy, hitherto related; <span class="ital">since that time </span>— Since the beginning of God’s revelation to me concerning Moab hitherto; or, rather, <span class="ital">a good while ago, </span>for so the Hebrew, <span class="greekheb">מאז</span>, <span class="ital">meaz, </span>signifies, <a href="/isaiah/44-8.htm" title="Fear you not, neither be afraid: have not I told you from that time, and have declared it? you are even my witnesses. Is there a God beside me? yes, there is no God; I know not any.">Isaiah 44:8</a>, and elsewhere. This judgment, says the prophet, was denounced against Moab in former times, particularly by Amos, (<a href="/amos/2-1.htm" title="Thus said the LORD; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime:">Amos 2:1</a>,) and is now confirmed, and the particular time specified when it shall be accomplished. For <span class="ital">now the Lord hath spoken </span>— Hath made this further discovery of his mind to me; <span class="ital">saying,</span> <span class="ital">Within three years </span>— To be computed, it seems, from the time of the delivery of this prophecy; <span class="ital">as the years of a hireling </span>— That is, within three years precisely counted; for hirelings are very punctual in observing the time for which they are hired; <span class="ital">and the glory of Moab shall be contemned</span> — Their strength, and wealth, and other things in which they glory, shall be made contemptible to those who formerly admired them; <span class="ital">with all that great multitude </span>— With the great numbers of their people, of which they boasted. <span class="ital">And the remnant shall be very small and feeble </span>— Comparatively to what they were before. Vitringa is of opinion, that this prophecy was delivered at the same time with that preceding, that is, in the year when Ahaz died, at which time the Israelites, as well as the Jews, stood much in need of the kindness of the Moabites; so that it had its completion in the third year of King Hezekiah, namely, from the death of his father, which was really the fourth year of his reign, when Shalmaneser, coming against the Ephraimites, on a sudden attacked the Moabites, and plundered and destroyed their cities: see <a href="/2_kings/18-9.htm" title="And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.">2 Kings 18:9</a>. This is also Bishop Lowth’s opinion, as has been stated in the note on <a href="/isaiah/15-1.htm" title="The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence;">Isaiah 15:1</a>. It may, however, be understood of some other great blow given to the Moabites; perhaps by Sennacherib, or by his son Esar-haddon; (in which case Isaiah must have delivered this prophecy some years later;) from which blow, notwithstanding, they in a little time recovered themselves, and flourished again, and continued so to do, till Nebuchadnezzar completed their destruction according to the prophecy of <a href="/jeremiah/48-1.htm" title="Against Moab thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Woe to Nebo! for it is spoiled: Kiriathaim is confounded and taken: Misgab is confounded and dismayed.">Jeremiah 48:1</a>, &c. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="14"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/isaiah/16-14.htm">Isaiah 16:14</a></div><div class="verse">But now the LORD hath spoken, saying, Within three years, as the years of an hireling, and the glory of Moab shall be contemned, with all that great multitude; and the remnant <i>shall be</i> very small <i>and</i> feeble.</div><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">Benson Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<br /><br />Text Courtesy of <a href="//biblesupport.com" target="_top">BibleSupport.com</a>. 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