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dMpdqo"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="0 0 12 14" category="account" icon="saved-items-outlined" aria-hidden="true" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span data-testid="button-text" aria-hidden="false" class="sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj">Save</span></button></div></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/web/20250227225243im_/https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg.webp" loading="eager" alt="Amazon A photograph released to press by Amazon showing the chip positioned vertically with the pathways of components visible on the surface" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn">Amazon</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb">The Ocelot chip uses so-called "cat qubits"</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Amazon has become the third tech giant in as many months to announce a breakthrough in quantum computing - a technology that promises vast processing power but is beset by technical difficulties.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">The firm has unveiled Ocelot a prototype chip built on "cat qubit" technology - an approach that derives its name from the famous "Schrödinger's cat" thought experiment.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">The chip seeks to address one of the biggest stumbling blocks to the development of quantum computers - making them error free.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Amazon says, taken alongside other recent breakthroughs in the industry, its work means useful quantum computers are likely to be with us sooner than previously thought.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">But how quickly these machines will be powerful enough to be practically useful for a range of commercial applications is a matter of debate among experts.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Oskar Painter of Amazon Web Services (AWS) Center for Quantum Computing at the California Institute of Technology, where the work was carried out, told the BBC that recent progress meant an "aggressive date" of a decade was now "looking more and more realistic". </p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">"Five years ago I would have said maybe 20 or 30 years", he said but added "this timeline's come in quite a bit."</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Ultimately AWS, which provides cloud computing services, would like to offer quantum computing services to its customers, but Mr Painter also said he believed the advanced machines could eventually help optimise the vast global logistics of Amazon's retail business.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">"You know, a company like Amazon, you make a one percent improvement in that and you're talking large dollars right? Quantum computers could enable you to do that more effectively, more real time - and that's the real value there," he explained.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB"><h2 class="sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF">What is a cat qubit?</h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Quantum computers solve problems by exploiting the strange properties of matter and energy at very small scales, as described by the science of quantum physics.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Quantum computers won't replace so-called "classical" computers, but promise to be able to solve problems even the most powerful modern computers cannot - yielding new discoveries such as better batteries and new medicines.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">But that potential is being held up by the problem of errors.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Quantum computers are extremely sensitive to noise in their environment - vibrations, heat, electromagnetic interference from mobile phones and WIFI networks, or even cosmic rays and radiation from outer space can all cause them to make errors, which then need to be corrected.</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/web/20250227225243im_/https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Getty Images A stock image of a very much alive black and white cat peering over the edge of a cardboard box" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn">Getty Images</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb">The new chip has five cat qubits, named after the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Cat qubits are one attempt at solving this problem by engineering error resistance into the design of the qubits it uses.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Qubits are the fundamental elements of quantum computers, the equivalent of bits in the computers most of us use today.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Cat qubits are named in honour of Erwin Schrödinger, whose cat-in-a-box question in 1935 helped illuminate some of the thinking behind quantum theory. </p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Amazon <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.amazon.science/blog/amazon-announces-ocelot-quantum-chip" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm">believes the new chip</a>, which has just five cat qubits out of a total of 14 key components, could reduce the costs of correcting quantum errors by up to 90%, compared to current approaches.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">The technology of cat qubits isn't exclusive to Amazon, a French company named <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://alice-bob.com/quantum-computing/technology/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm">Alice & Bob</a> carried out pioneering work on the tech and continues to evolve the technology.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Mazyar Mirrahimi director of research at the French national technology research institute, Inria said Ocelot was "an important step forward towards hardware-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation".</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Amazon believes the new chip offers a path to scaling up to more powerful machines with this type of error proofing built in, but researchers admit there are many challenges ahead.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Michael Cuthbert director of the UK's National Quantum Computing Centre welcomed the progress Amazon had made but told the BBC it remained to be seen the effect it would have on the speed with which the industry is able to develop really useful quantum computers:</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">"Error correction is a vital step necessary in the long-term development of quantum computing. It is the crucial step that turns quantum computing into a practical and commercial tool we can use to solve complex problems in chemistry, materials science, medicine, logistics and energy." </p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">"Part of the challenge is how to scale the revolutionary technology efficiently – mechanisms that enable error correction without huge overheads in chip size, energy consumption and systems complexity are really welcome."</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Amazon researchers have published their findings in a research paper in the scientific journal <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08642-7#MOESM2" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm">Nature</a></p></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB"><h2 class="sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF">Pivot point</h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Amazon joins Microsoft and Google in announcing a new experimental chip. But is this flurry of announcements the result of clever research or clever PR? Or is it coincidence, the tech equivalent of the saying buses always come in threes? </p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">Heather West follows the quantum computing industry as a research manager for the International Data Corporation and was briefed on the new chip by Amazon in advance of publication.</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">She describes Amazon's results as an "advancement" rather than a breakthrough. </p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">All three recent announcements have focused on reducing errors, and she tells me the industry is "pivoting" from a focus on the number of qubits to a focus the "ability to use these these systems at scale to solve real world life problems. And by doing so we need to be able to solve the error correction within the quantum systems".</p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ">However Mr Painter agreed "100%" that it wouldn't be easy to scale up today's experimental systems. </p></div><div data-component="links-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl"><div class="sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-0 ctbOlq hmFIuq"><div data-testid="links-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-1 hVPZMe jMSIqG"><div data-testid="chester-card" data-indexcard="true" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cj3e3252gj8o" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-87075214-1 dRanZR"><div class="sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-87075214-3 eywmDE">Powerful quantum computers in years not decades, says Microsoft</h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" data-indexcard="true" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c791ng0zvl3o" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-87075214-1 dRanZR"><div class="sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-87075214-3 eywmDE">Google unveils 'mind-boggling' quantum computing chip</h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" data-indexcard="true" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cpq9zxxn72qo" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div 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All rights reserved. <i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> </i>The<i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC </i>is<i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.</i> <a target="_self" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.</b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ"> </p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"news\",\"articles\",\"cly331r4p48o\",":{"id":"urn:bbc:optimo:asset:cly331r4p48o","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon joins quantum race with 'cat qubit' powered chip","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon joins quantum race with 'cat qubit' powered chip","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1740662991018}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Chris Vallance","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Chris Vallance","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"role","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Senior Technology Reporter","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Senior Technology Reporter","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1740662991018}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Ocelot chip uses so-called \"cat qubits\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Ocelot chip uses so-called \"cat qubits\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A photograph released to press by Amazon showing the chip positioned vertically with the pathways of components visible on the surface","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A photograph released to press by Amazon showing the chip positioned vertically with the pathways of components visible on the surface","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"width":1553,"height":873,"locator":"2c2c/live/da611f00-f50e-11ef-a276-596f7e6218f8.jpg","originCode":"cpsprodpb","copyrightHolder":"Amazon","suitableForSyndication":true}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":false,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon has become the third tech giant in as many months to announce a breakthrough in quantum computing - a technology that promises vast processing power but is beset by technical difficulties.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon has become the third tech giant in as many months to announce a breakthrough in quantum computing - a technology that promises vast processing power but is beset by technical difficulties.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The firm has unveiled Ocelot a prototype chip built on \"cat qubit\" technology - an approach that derives its name from the famous \"Schrödinger's cat\" thought experiment.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The firm has unveiled Ocelot a prototype chip built on \"cat qubit\" technology - an approach that derives its name from the famous \"Schrödinger's cat\" thought experiment.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The chip seeks to address one of the biggest stumbling blocks to the development of quantum computers - making them error free.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The chip seeks to address one of the biggest stumbling blocks to the development of quantum computers - making them error free.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon says, taken alongside other recent breakthroughs in the industry, its work means useful quantum computers are likely to be with us sooner than previously thought.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon says, taken alongside other recent breakthroughs in the industry, its work means useful quantum computers are likely to be with us sooner than previously thought.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But how quickly these machines will be powerful enough to be practically useful for a range of commercial applications is a matter of debate among experts.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But how quickly these machines will be powerful enough to be practically useful for a range of commercial applications is a matter of debate among experts.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Oskar Painter of Amazon Web Services (AWS) Center for Quantum Computing at the California Institute of Technology, where the work was carried out, told the BBC that recent progress meant an \"aggressive date\" of a decade was now \"looking more and more realistic\". ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Oskar Painter of Amazon Web Services (AWS) Center for Quantum Computing at the California Institute of Technology, where the work was carried out, told the BBC that recent progress meant an \"aggressive date\" of a decade was now \"looking more and more realistic\". ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Five years ago I would have said maybe 20 or 30 years\", he said but added \"this timeline's come in quite a bit.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Five years ago I would have said maybe 20 or 30 years\", he said but added \"this timeline's come in quite a bit.\"","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Ultimately AWS, which provides cloud computing services, would like to offer quantum computing services to its customers, but Mr Painter also said he believed the advanced machines could eventually help optimise the vast global logistics of Amazon's retail business.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Ultimately AWS, which provides cloud computing services, would like to offer quantum computing services to its customers, but Mr Painter also said he believed the advanced machines could eventually help optimise the vast global logistics of Amazon's retail business.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"You know, a company like Amazon, you make a one percent improvement in that and you're talking large dollars right? Quantum computers could enable you to do that more effectively, more real time - and that's the real value there,\" he explained.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"You know, a company like Amazon, you make a one percent improvement in that and you're talking large dollars right? Quantum computers could enable you to do that more effectively, more real time - and that's the real value there,\" he explained.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"What is a cat qubit?","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"What is a cat qubit?","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}],"level":2}},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":false,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Quantum computers solve problems by exploiting the strange properties of matter and energy at very small scales, as described by the science of quantum physics.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Quantum computers solve problems by exploiting the strange properties of matter and energy at very small scales, as described by the science of quantum physics.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Quantum computers won't replace so-called \"classical\" computers, but promise to be able to solve problems even the most powerful modern computers cannot - yielding new discoveries such as better batteries and new medicines.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Quantum computers won't replace so-called \"classical\" computers, but promise to be able to solve problems even the most powerful modern computers cannot - yielding new discoveries such as better batteries and new medicines.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But that potential is being held up by the problem of errors.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But that potential is being held up by the problem of errors.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Quantum computers are extremely sensitive to noise in their environment - vibrations, heat, electromagnetic interference from mobile phones and WIFI networks, or even cosmic rays and radiation from outer space can all cause them to make errors, which then need to be corrected.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Quantum computers are extremely sensitive to noise in their environment - vibrations, heat, electromagnetic interference from mobile phones and WIFI networks, or even cosmic rays and radiation from outer space can all cause them to make errors, which then need to be corrected.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The new chip has five cat qubits, named after the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The new chip has five cat qubits, named after the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A stock image of a very much alive black and white cat peering over the edge of a cardboard box","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A stock image of a very much alive black and white cat peering over the edge of a cardboard box","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"width":1450,"height":815,"locator":"e136/live/7d446390-f4fa-11ef-9808-4d9b058d1a40.jpg","originCode":"cpsprodpb","copyrightHolder":"Getty Images","suitableForSyndication":true}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":false,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Cat qubits are one attempt at solving this problem by engineering error resistance into the design of the qubits it uses.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Cat qubits are one attempt at solving this problem by engineering error resistance into the design of the qubits it uses.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Qubits are the fundamental elements of quantum computers, the equivalent of bits in the computers most of us use today.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Qubits are the fundamental elements of quantum computers, the equivalent of bits in the computers most of us use today.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Cat qubits are named in honour of Erwin Schrödinger, whose cat-in-a-box question in 1935 helped illuminate some of the thinking behind quantum theory. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Cat qubits are named in honour of Erwin Schrödinger, whose cat-in-a-box question in 1935 helped illuminate some of the thinking behind quantum theory. ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon believes the new chip, which has just five cat qubits out of a total of 14 key components, could reduce the costs of correcting quantum errors by up to 90%, compared to current approaches.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"believes the new chip","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"believes the new chip","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.amazon.science/blog/amazon-announces-ocelot-quantum-chip","isExternal":true}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", which has just five cat qubits out of a total of 14 key components, could reduce the costs of correcting quantum errors by up to 90%, compared to current approaches.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The technology of cat qubits isn't exclusive to Amazon, a French company named Alice \u0026 Bob carried out pioneering work on the tech and continues to evolve the technology.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The technology of cat qubits isn't exclusive to Amazon, a French company named ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Alice \u0026 Bob","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Alice \u0026 Bob","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://alice-bob.com/quantum-computing/technology/","isExternal":true}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" carried out pioneering work on the tech and continues to evolve the technology.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mazyar Mirrahimi director of research at the French national technology research institute, Inria said Ocelot was \"an important step forward towards hardware-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mazyar Mirrahimi director of research at the French national technology research institute, Inria said Ocelot was \"an important step forward towards hardware-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation\".","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon believes the new chip offers a path to scaling up to more powerful machines with this type of error proofing built in, but researchers admit there are many challenges ahead.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon believes the new chip offers a path to scaling up to more powerful machines with this type of error proofing built in, but researchers admit there are many challenges ahead.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Michael Cuthbert director of the UK's National Quantum Computing Centre welcomed the progress Amazon had made but told the BBC it remained to be seen the effect it would have on the speed with which the industry is able to develop really useful quantum computers:","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Michael Cuthbert director of the UK's National Quantum Computing Centre welcomed the progress Amazon had made but told the BBC it remained to be seen the effect it would have on the speed with which the industry is able to develop really useful quantum computers:","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Error correction is a vital step necessary in the long-term development of quantum computing. It is the crucial step that turns quantum computing into a practical and commercial tool we can use to solve complex problems in chemistry, materials science, medicine, logistics and energy.\" ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Error correction is a vital step necessary in the long-term development of quantum computing. It is the crucial step that turns quantum computing into a practical and commercial tool we can use to solve complex problems in chemistry, materials science, medicine, logistics and energy.\" ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Part of the challenge is how to scale the revolutionary technology efficiently – mechanisms that enable error correction without huge overheads in chip size, energy consumption and systems complexity are really welcome.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Part of the challenge is how to scale the revolutionary technology efficiently – mechanisms that enable error correction without huge overheads in chip size, energy consumption and systems complexity are really welcome.\"","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon researchers have published their findings in a research paper in the scientific journal Nature","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon researchers have published their findings in a research paper in the scientific journal ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Nature","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Nature","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250227225243/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08642-7#MOESM2","isExternal":true}}]}}]}},{"type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Pivot point","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Pivot point","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}],"level":2}},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":false,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Amazon joins Microsoft and Google in announcing a new experimental chip. But is this flurry of announcements the result of clever research or clever PR? Or is it coincidence, the tech equivalent of the saying buses always come in threes? ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Amazon joins Microsoft and Google in announcing a new experimental chip. But is this flurry of announcements the result of clever research or clever PR? Or is it coincidence, the tech equivalent of the saying buses always come in threes? ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Heather West follows the quantum computing industry as a research manager for the International Data Corporation and was briefed on the new chip by Amazon in advance of publication.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Heather West follows the quantum computing industry as a research manager for the International Data Corporation and was briefed on the new chip by Amazon in advance of publication.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"She describes Amazon's results as an \"advancement\" rather than a breakthrough. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"She describes Amazon's results as an \"advancement\" rather than a breakthrough. ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"All three recent announcements have focused on reducing errors, and she tells me the industry is \"pivoting\" from a focus on the number of qubits to a focus the \"ability to use these these systems at scale to solve real world life problems. And by doing so we need to be able to solve the error correction within the quantum systems\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"All three recent announcements have focused on reducing errors, and she tells me the industry is \"pivoting\" from a focus on the number of qubits to a focus the \"ability to use these these systems at scale to solve real world life problems. And by doing so we need to be able to solve the error correction within the quantum systems\".","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"However Mr Painter agreed \"100%\" that it wouldn't be easy to scale up today's experimental systems. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"However Mr Painter agreed \"100%\" that it wouldn't be easy to scale up today's experimental systems. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"links","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"link","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A photograph of the new Majorana 1 chip which is a gold and red square, held in the palm of an open hand (Microsoft press image)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A photograph of the new Majorana 1 chip which is a gold and red square, held in the palm of an open hand (Microsoft press image)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"width":3719,"height":2093,"locator":"79a8/live/c7bf8d20-ee18-11ef-adfc-71abea2c6a0e.jpg","originCode":"cpsprodpb","copyrightHolder":"Microsoft"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Powerful quantum computers in years not decades, says Microsoft","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Powerful quantum computers in years not decades, says 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