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<span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglia&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganglia">Ganglia</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about neuron clusters. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ganglion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ganglion (disambiguation)">Ganglion (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ganglia" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ganglia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ganglia (disambiguation)">Ganglia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>A <b>ganglion</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>ganglia</b>) is a group of <a href="/wiki/Neuron_cell_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuron cell body">neuron cell bodies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system" title="Somatic nervous system">somatic nervous system</a>, this includes <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion" title="Dorsal root ganglion">dorsal root ganglia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_ganglion" title="Trigeminal ganglion">trigeminal ganglia</a> among a few others. In the autonomic nervous system, there are both <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic ganglion">sympathetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic ganglion">parasympathetic ganglia</a> which contain the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons respectively. </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Ganglion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganglion_high_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ganglion_high_mag.jpg/250px-Ganglion_high_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ganglion_high_mag.jpg/375px-Ganglion_high_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ganglion_high_mag.jpg/500px-Ganglion_high_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> of a ganglion. <a href="/wiki/H%26E_stain" title="H&E stain">H&E stain</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">Nervous system</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>ganglion</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005724">D005724</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.00.002%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.00.002</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma5884">5884</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108158" class="extiw" title="d:Q108158">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg/220px-DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg/330px-DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg/440px-DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a><figcaption>A dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from a chicken embryo (around stage of day 7) after incubation overnight in NGF growth medium stained with anti-neurofilament antibody. Note the axons growing out of the ganglion.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pseudoganglion</b> looks like a ganglion, but only has nerve fibers and has no nerve cell bodies. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Structure"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Basal_ganglia"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Basal ganglia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pseudoganglion"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pseudoganglion</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Ganglia are primarily made up of <a href="/wiki/Soma_(biology)" title="Soma (biology)">somata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dendrite" title="Dendrite">dendritic structures</a>, which are bundled or connected. Ganglia often interconnect with other ganglia to form a complex system of ganglia known as a <a href="/wiki/Nerve_plexus" title="Nerve plexus">plexus</a>. Ganglia provide relay points and intermediary connections between different neurological structures in the body, such as the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central</a> nervous systems. </p><p>Among vertebrates there are three major groups of ganglia: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion" title="Dorsal root ganglion">Dorsal root ganglia</a> (also known as the spinal ganglia) contain the cell bodies of <a href="/wiki/Afferent_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Afferent nerve">sensory (afferent)</a> <a href="/wiki/Neurons" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurons">neurons</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_ganglia" title="Cranial nerve ganglia">Cranial nerve ganglia</a> contain the cell bodies of cranial nerve neurons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomic_ganglion" title="Autonomic ganglion">Autonomic ganglia</a> contain the cell bodies of <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic</a> nerves.</li></ul> <p>In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> to the ganglia are known as <a href="/wiki/Preganglionic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Preganglionic fiber">preganglionic fibers</a>, while those from the ganglia to the effector organ are called <a href="/wiki/Postganglionic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Postganglionic fiber">postganglionic fibers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basal_ganglia">Basal ganglia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Basal ganglia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The term "ganglion" refers to the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-titleUNSW_Embryology-_Glossary_G_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleUNSW_Embryology-_Glossary_G-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in the brain (part of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Basal_ganglia" title="Basal ganglia">basal ganglia</a> are a group of <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)" title="Nucleus (neuroanatomy)">nuclei</a> interconnected with the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">thalamus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a>, associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Partly due to this ambiguity, the <i><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">Terminologia Anatomica</a></i> recommends using the term 'basal nuclei' instead of 'basal ganglia'; however, this usage has not been generally adopted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pseudoganglion">Pseudoganglion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pseudoganglion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A pseudoganglion is a localized thickening of the main part or trunk of a nerve that has the appearance of a ganglion<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has only nerve fibers and no nerve cell bodies. </p><p>Pseudoganglia are found in the <a href="/wiki/Teres_minor_muscle" title="Teres minor muscle">teres minor muscle</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid13475146_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid13475146-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Radial_nerve" title="Radial nerve">radial nerve</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic ganglion">Sympathetic ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganglion_cyst" title="Ganglion cyst">Ganglion cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">Nervous system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">Neuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiasm_(anatomy)" title="Chiasm (anatomy)">Chiasm</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-titleUNSW_Embryology-_Glossary_G-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titleUNSW_Embryology-_Glossary_G_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214053205/http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/Index/G.htm">"Glossary G"</a>. <i>UNSW Embryology</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/Index/G.htm">the original</a> on 14 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNSW+Embryology&rft.atitle=Glossary+G&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fembryology.med.unsw.edu.au%2FNotes%2FIndex%2FG.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanglion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pseudoganglion">"pseudoganglion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Dictionary" title="The Free Dictionary">The Free Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Dictionary&rft.atitle=pseudoganglion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com%2Fpseudoganglion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanglion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid13475146-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid13475146_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGitlin1957" class="citation journal cs1">Gitlin, G. (Oct 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1244902">"Concerning the gangliform enlargement (pseudoganglion) on the nerve to the teres minor muscle"</a>. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i>. <b>91</b> (4): 466–70. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1244902">1244902</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13475146">13475146</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anatomy&rft.atitle=Concerning+the+gangliform+enlargement+%28pseudoganglion%29+on+the+nerve+to+the+teres+minor+muscle&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=466-70&rft.date=1957-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1244902%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13475146&rft.aulast=Gitlin&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1244902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanglion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button 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last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="128.61.160.12" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1724351365"> <span>Last edited on 22 August 2024, at 18:29</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="عقدة (تشريح) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقدة (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanqli" title="Qanqli – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qanqli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ганглій – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ганглій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ганглий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ганглий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglija" title="Ganglija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ganglija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangli_nervi%C3%B3s" title="Gangli nerviós – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gangli nerviós" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion_(Nervensystem)" title="Ganglion (Nervensystem) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ganglion (Nervensystem)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γάγγλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάγγλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglio_nervioso" title="Ganglio nervioso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ganglio nervioso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglio" title="Ganglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ganglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="گانگلیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گانگلیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion_nerveux" title="Ganglion nerveux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ganglion nerveux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaingl%C3%ADn" title="Gainglín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gainglín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglio" title="Ganglio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ganglio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%88" title="신경절 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="गंडिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गंडिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglij" title="Ganglij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ganglij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangliono" title="Gangliono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gangliono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglio" title="Ganglio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ganglio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="גנגליון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנגליון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ганглий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ганглий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idegd%C3%BAc" title="Idegdúc – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idegdúc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ганглија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ганглија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഗാംഗ്ലിയോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാംഗ്ലിയോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenuwknoop" title="Zenuwknoop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zenuwknoop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E7%AF%80" title="神経節 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神経節" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangliy" title="Gangliy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gangliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%B3j_nerwowy" title="Zwój nerwowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwój nerwowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2nglio_nervoso" title="Gânglio nervoso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gânglio nervoso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion_nervos" title="Ganglion nervos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ganglion nervos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ганглий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ганглий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglioni" title="Ganglioni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ganglioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglij" title="Ganglij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ganglij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="گەنگلیۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەنگلیۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ганглион – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ганглион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermosolmu" title="Hermosolmu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hermosolmu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ganglion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="ปมประสาท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปมประสาท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Гонгилюн – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гонгилюн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangliyon" title="Gangliyon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gangliyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Нервовий вузол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нервовий вузол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%81" title="کتلہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کتلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1ch_th%E1%BA%A7n_kinh" title="Hạch thần kinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạch thần kinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="גאנגליען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאנגליען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%AF%80" title="神經節 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="神經節" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%8A%82" title="神经节 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="神经节" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 August 2024, at 18:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li 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