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<span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_runway_collision_accidents_with_fatalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_runway_collision_accidents_with_fatalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>List of runway collision accidents with fatalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_runway_collision_accidents_with_fatalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_A_runway_incursion_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_A_runway_incursion_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Category A runway incursion incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_A_runway_incursion_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Runway_excursion" title="Runway excursion">Runway excursion</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Runway_incursion" title="Talk:Runway incursion">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png/220px-2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png/330px-2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png/440px-2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion.png 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1556" /></a><figcaption>Visualization of the <a href="/wiki/2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion" title="2007 San Francisco International Airport runway incursion">2007 San Francisco International Airport runway incursion</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>runway incursion</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">aviation incident</a> involving improper positioning of vehicles or people on any <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">airport runway</a> or its <a href="/wiki/Critical_area_(aeronautics)" title="Critical area (aeronautics)">protected area</a>. When an incursion involves an <i>active</i> runway being used by arriving or departing aircraft, the potential for a collision hazard or <a href="/wiki/Instrument_landing_system" title="Instrument landing system">instrument landing system (ILS)</a> interference can exist. At present, various <a href="/wiki/Runway_safety" title="Runway safety">runway safety</a> technologies and processes are commonly employed to reduce the risk and potential consequences of such an event. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The internationally-accepted definition of a runway incursion is:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of aircraft.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)., <a href="/wiki/PANS-OPS" title="PANS-OPS">PANS-OPS</a> Doc 4444, Ch.1</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the United States, the FAA classifies runway incursions into 3 types, with 5 levels of severity:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Runway incursion type </th></tr> <tr> <th>Operational incident </th> <td>Action of an <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_controller" title="Air traffic controller">air traffic controller</a> that results in less than required minimum separation between two or more aircraft, or between an aircraft and obstacles (vehicles, equipment, personnel) on runways or clearing an aircraft to takeoff or land on a closed runway. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Pilot deviation </th> <td>Action of a pilot that violates any <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Aviation Regulation">Federal Aviation Regulation</a>, example: a pilot crosses a runway without a clearance while en route to an airport gate. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vehicle/pedestrian deviation </th> <td>Pedestrians or vehicles entering any portion of the airport movement areas (runways/taxiways) without authorization from air traffic control. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><b>Runway incursion severity (descending order)</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background: purple; color: white;"><b>Accident</b> </td> <td>An incursion that resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Ground_Collision" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground Collision">collision</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background: red; color: white;"><b>Category A</b> </td> <td>A serious incident in which a collision was narrowly avoided. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background: #ff9100; color: white;"><b>Category B</b> </td> <td>An incident in which separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision, which may result in a time critical corrective/evasive response to avoid a collision. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background: #948d00; color: white;"><b>Category C</b> </td> <td>An incident characterized by ample time and/or distance to avoid a collision. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background: grey; color: white;"><b>Category D</b> </td> <td>Incident that meets the definition of runway incursion such as incorrect presence of a single vehicle/person/aircraft on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft but with no immediate safety consequences. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="121" data-mwtitle="Runway_incursion_between_Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_36_and_Air_China_Flight_9018_(1999).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Runway_incursion_between_Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_36_and_Air_China_Flight_9018_(1999).oga"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Runway_incursion_between_Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_36_and_Air_China_Flight_9018_%281999%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Runway_incursion_between_Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_36_and_Air_China_Flight_9018_%281999%29.oga/Runway_incursion_between_Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_36_and_Air_China_Flight_9018_%281999%29.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARunway_incursion_between_Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_36_and_Air_China_Flight_9018_%281999%29.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>Audio of the 1 April 1999, runway incursion at Chicago O'Hare International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>Formal study of runway incursions began in the 1980s, following several high-profile <a href="/wiki/Near_miss_(safety)" title="Near miss (safety)">near misses</a> and fatal collisions of <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliners</a> operating on airport surfaces. One of the earliest reports on the topic was published in 1986 by the American <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)</a>, titled <i>Runway Incursions at Controlled Airports in the United States</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing examples like the <a href="/wiki/Tenerife_airport_disaster" title="Tenerife airport disaster">Tenerife airport disaster</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1972_Chicago%E2%80%93O%27Hare_runway_collision" title="1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision">1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision</a>, a special investigation was opened "to investigate selected runway incursions to determine their underlying causes and to recommend appropriate remedial actions."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> After detailed examination of 26 incursion incidents occurring <a href="/wiki/1985_in_aviation" title="1985 in aviation">in 1985</a>, investigators compiled a list of conclusions and safety recommendations. Among their findings were a need for clearer <a href="/wiki/Signage_systems" title="Signage systems">airport signage</a>, improved <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">controller</a> supervision, and revised training procedures for <a href="/wiki/Aircrew" title="Aircrew">aircrews</a> and controllers. Despite the valuable data generated by the investigation, the NTSB conceded that, at the time, "the magnitude of the runway incursion problem could not be measured because of both incomplete reporting and follow-up investigations by the FAA."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p><p>Two years later in 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> issued its own report, <i>Reducing Runway Incursions</i>, with the purpose of establishing an integrated program for runway incursion reduction. Its general recommendations included:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44–45">: 44–45 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>Establish a steering committee on runway incursion reduction</li> <li>Accelerate development and field deployment of <a href="/wiki/Airport_Movement_Area_Safety_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Movement Area Safety System">Airport Movement Area Safety System</a> technology</li> <li>Emphasize the analysis of pilot-related causal factors</li></ul> <p>In January 1991, the FAA published the first edition of its biennial <i>Runway Incursion Plan</i> (now known as the <i>National</i> <i>Runway Safety Plan</i>). The document introduced organizational and legislative reforms alongside new initiatives to leverage research on <a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">human factors</a>, design, technological innovation, and <a href="/wiki/Professional_development" title="Professional development">professional development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45–46">: 45–46 </span></sup> In August 1992, however, a <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">US General Accounting Office (GAO)</a> congressional testimony criticized the agency's budgeting, delayed implementation, and inadequate reporting of the initiatives, especially its rollout of <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASDE-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASDE-3 (page does not exist)">ASDE-3 radar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision_avoidance_system" title="Traffic collision avoidance system">Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)</a> technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite newfound emphasis on runway incursion prevention, another fatal accident occurred on 3 December 1990, when eight people were killed after two <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines" title="Northwest Airlines">Northwest Airlines</a> flights <a href="/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision" title="1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision">collided in fog</a> at <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NTSB determined the accident's probable cause to be pilot error due to communication errors, inadequate <a href="/wiki/Crew_resource_management" title="Crew resource management">crew resource management (CRM)</a>, and disorientation exacerbated by deficient airfield geometry.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> Additionally, the NTSB recommended stricter airport certification requirements under <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Regulations" title="Federal Aviation Regulations">14 CFR Part 139</a> in the areas of lighting and conspicuous markings/signage.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 80">: 80 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2000, research into incursions at uncontrolled and non-towered airports was conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Reporting_System" title="Aviation Safety Reporting System">Aviation Safety Reporting System</a> based on data gathered by interviewing pilots who had experienced a runway incursion. Interviews lasted around 45 minutes to 1 hour, and the data was de-identified for FAA use in developing safety measures.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the FAA assisted ICAO in its creation of a formal, internationally-accepted definition of a runway incursion. The new verbiage was first added to the fourteenth edition of <i><a href="/wiki/PANS-OPS" title="PANS-OPS">PANS-OPS</a></i> <i>Doc 4444</i>, but it was not until 1 October 2007, that the FAA finally adopted the ICAO definition. Previously, the FAA had maintained that an incursion only included incidents in which a potential traffic conflict existed. An event without a potential conflict– such as an unauthorized aircraft crossing an <i>empty</i> runway– had been defined as a 'surface incident'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017, the last fatal runway incursion accident involving a U.S. Federal Aviation Regulations Part 121 air carrier was in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Werfelman_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werfelman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 2011 and 2017, 12,857 runway incursions were reported in the United States. Between October 2016 and September 2017, 1,341 were reported. Of these, six were placed in the most serious categories A and B. Four of these were considered ATC incidents, and two were "pilot deviations". Of the 1,341 incidents, 66 percent were caused by pilot deviation, 17 percent were vehicle/pedestrian incidents, 16 percent were air traffic control (ATC) incidents, and 1 percent were "other".<sup id="cite_ref-Werfelman_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werfelman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An FAA study of the year ending September 2016, found that of 361 runway incursions attributed to pilot deviation, 27 percent resulted from "pilot failed to hold short of runway as instructed", and 14.7 percent from "pilot failed to hold short of runway". 5 percent of pilot deviations were classified as the pilot failing to comply with an ATC clearance. In 3.4 percent of deviations, the pilot departed without a departure clearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Werfelman_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werfelman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NASA Aviation Safety Reporting Service (ASRS) received 11,168 reports of runway incursions between January 2012 to August 2017, at a rate of approximately 2000 per year. More than 40 percent of reports were filed by general aviation pilots, and 36 percent by air carrier pilots. Factors included situational awareness, communication breakdown, confusion, and distraction.<sup id="cite_ref-Werfelman_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werfelman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Airport_Surface_Detection_Equipment,_Model_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X">Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X (ASDE-X)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Airport_Movement_Area_Safety_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Movement Area Safety System">Airport Movement Area Safety System (AMASS)</a> are computerized systems that are intended to alert <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_controller" title="Air traffic controller">air traffic controllers</a> to the potential for a runway incursion. </p><p>The Honeywell <a href="/wiki/Runway_Awareness_and_Advisory_System" title="Runway Awareness and Advisory System">Runway Awareness and Advisory System</a> alerts pilots to the potential for a runway incursion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_runway_collision_accidents_with_fatalities">List of runway collision accidents with fatalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of runway collision accidents with fatalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Accident</th> <th>Fatalities</th> <th>Injuries</th> <th>Aircraft</th> <th>Airport</th> <th>Reports </th></tr> <tr> <td>2024-01-02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Haneda_Airport_runway_collision" title="2024 Haneda Airport runway collision">2024 Haneda Airport runway collision</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A350-900" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A350-900">Airbus A350-900</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">De Havilland Canada Dash 8-Q300</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haneda_Airport" title="Haneda Airport">Haneda Airport</a>, Tokyo</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlit.go.jp/koku/content/001753299.pdf">interim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001-10-08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_Linate_Airport_runway_collision" title="2001 Linate Airport runway collision">2001 Linate Airport runway collision</a></td> <td>118</td> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-87" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-87">McDonnell Douglas MD-87</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_CJ2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna Citation CJ2">Cessna Citation CJ2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linate_Airport" title="Linate Airport">Linate Airport</a>, Milan</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170523101005/http://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/Swedish/FINALREPORTA-1-04Linate.pdf">final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996-11-19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Express_Flight_5925" title="United Express Flight 5925">United Express Flight 5925</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_1900" title="Beechcraft 1900">Beechcraft 1900</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="King Air">King Air</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago_O%27Hare_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago O'Hare International Airport">Chicago O'Hare International Airport</a>, Chicago</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9704.pdf">final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991-02-01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Los_Angeles_runway_collision" title="1991 Los Angeles runway collision">1991 Los Angeles runway collision</a></td> <td>35<sup id="cite_ref-fatality_footnote_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fatality_footnote-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-300">Boeing 737-300</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Swearingen_Metroliner" title="Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner">Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, Los Angeles</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9108.pdf">final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990-12-03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision" title="1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision">1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision</a></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-14" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9-14">McDonnell Douglas DC-9-14</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727-200_Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 727-200 Advanced">Boeing 727-200 Advanced</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Wayne_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport</a>, Metro Detroit</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9105.pdf">final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983-12-07</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Madrid_Airport_runway_collision" title="1983 Madrid Airport runway collision">1983 Madrid Airport runway collision</a></td> <td>93</td> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_727-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 727-200">Boeing 727-200</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-32" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32">McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport" title="Madrid–Barajas Airport">Madrid–Barajas Airport</a>, Madrid</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transportes.gob.es/recursos_mfom/pdf/E1B8DECA-3E15-4ADA-8760-903046830B83/14257/1983_043_044_A_English.pdf">final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982-08-14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Sukhumi_Dranda_Airport_runway_collision" title="1982 Sukhumi Dranda Airport runway collision">1982 Sukhumi Dranda Airport runway collision</a></td> <td>11</td> <td>unspecified</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134A" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-134A">Tupolev Tu-134A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Let_L-410_Turbolet" title="Let L-410 Turbolet">Let L-410M Turbolet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_Babushara_Airport" title="Sukhumi Babushara Airport">Sukhumi Babushara Airport</a>, Sukhumi</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977-03-27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife_airport_disaster" title="Tenerife airport disaster">Tenerife airport disaster</a></td> <td>583</td> <td>61</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747-100</a> and Boeing 747-200</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Rodeos_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Rodeos Airport">Los Rodeos Airport</a>, Tenerife</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transportes.gob.es/organos-colegiados/ciaiac/publicaciones/informes-relevantes/accidente-ocurrido-el-27-de-marzo-de-1977-aeronaves-boeing-747-matricula-ph-buf-de-klm-y-aeronave-boeing-747-matricula-n736pa-de-panam-en-el-aeropuerto-de-los-rodeos-tenerife-islas-canarias">final</a> (in Spanish) <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faasafety.gov/files/gslac/courses/content/232/1081/finaldutchreport.pdf">final</a> (in English) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972-12-20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Chicago%E2%80%93O%27Hare_runway_collision" title="1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision">1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-31" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31">McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-880" class="mw-redirect" title="Convair CV-880">Convair CV-880</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a>, Chicago</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7315.pdf">final</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_A_runway_incursion_incidents">Category A runway incursion incidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Category A runway incursion incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table lists Category A runway incursion incidents in the United States since 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This table only includes incidents in which all involving planes are Part 121 and Part 129 airliners, and are investigated by both FAA and NTSB. Note that the Category rank of <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_759" title="Air Canada Flight 759">Air Canada Flight 759</a> incident in 2017 was "N/A" according to the FAA Runway Safety database, so it is not in the following table.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Airport</th> <th>Flights</th> <th>Aircraft</th> <th>Closest proximity</th> <th>Refs </th></tr> <tr> <td>2023-02-04</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a>, Austin, TX</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a> Flight 708 and <a href="/wiki/FedEx_Express" title="FedEx Express">Federal Express</a> Flight 1432</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-700" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-700">Boeing 737-700</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_767-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 767-300">Boeing 767-300</a></td> <td>150 to 170 feet (46 to 52 meters)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AIR2402.pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/?NTSBNumber=DCA23FA149">docket</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:AUS-M-2023%2F02%2F04-0001-OI-001">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017-02-15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco International Airport</a>, San Francisco, CA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Compass_Airlines_(North_America)" title="Compass Airlines (North America)">Compass Airlines</a> Flight 6081 and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_America" title="Virgin America">Virgin America</a> Flight 920</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embraer_E-Jet_family" title="Embraer E-Jet family">ERJ 170-200</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320-214" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320-214">Airbus A320-214</a></td> <td>Vertical: about 125 feet (38m)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/94762/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94762">docket</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:SFO-M-2017%2F02%2F15-0007-1">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015-02-17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a>, Chicago, IL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Eagle_(airline_brand)" title="American Eagle (airline brand)">American Eagle</a> flight <a href="/wiki/Envoy_Air" title="Envoy Air">ENY</a>3084 and <a href="/wiki/United_Express" title="United Express">United Express</a> flight <a href="/wiki/GoJet_Airlines" title="GoJet Airlines">GJS</a>3710</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_family" title="Embraer ERJ family">Embraer ERJ-145LR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_CRJ700_series" title="Bombardier CRJ700 series">Bombardier CL-600-2C10</a></td> <td>Between center: about 94 feet (29m)<br />Between wingtips: 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 meters)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/90743/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90743">docket</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:PGLTORD15004">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011-08-08</td> <td>O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, IL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_Airlines" title="Chautauqua Airlines">Chautauqua Airlines</a> flight 5021 and <a href="/wiki/Trans_States_Airlines" title="Trans States Airlines">Trans States Airlines</a> flight 3367</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ-135" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer ERJ-135">Embraer ERJ-135</a> and Embraer ERJ-145</td> <td>Vertical: within 125 feet (38m)<br />Horizontal: within 350 feet (107m)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/81436/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=81436">docket</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:ORDT11E014">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007-07-11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale-Hollywood_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Airport">Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Airport</a>, Fort Lauderdale, FL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> flight 1544 and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> flight 1489</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a></td> <td>Lateral: 230 feet (70m)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/66190/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:PSOTFLL07005">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_San_Francisco_International_Airport_runway_incursion" title="2007 San Francisco International Airport runway incursion">2007-05-26</a></td> <td>San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, CA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_Airlines" title="Republic Airlines">Republic Airlines</a> flight 4912 and <a href="/wiki/Skywest_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Skywest Airlines">Skywest Airlines</a> flight 5741</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embraer_170" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer 170">Embraer 170</a> and <a href="/wiki/Embraer_120" class="mw-redirect" title="Embraer 120">Embraer 120</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airport_traffic_control_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport traffic control tower">Tower</a>'s estimate: 300 feet<br />Skywest crew's estimate: 30 to 50 feet<br />RPA4912 crew's estimate: 150 feet</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/65865/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:SFOT07E001">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006-03-21</td> <td>O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, IL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> flight 437 and Chautauqua flight 7826</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319" title="Airbus A319">Airbus A319</a> and <a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_family" title="Embraer ERJ family">Embraer ERJ 145EP</a></td> <td>100 feet (30m)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/63376/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:ORDT06E004">FAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_Logan_Airport_runway_incursion" title="2005 Logan Airport runway incursion">2005-06-09</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Edward_Lawrence_Logan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport">General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport</a>, Boston, MA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a> flight 132 and <a href="/wiki/US_Airways" title="US Airways">US Airways</a> flight 1170</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330-301" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A330-301">Airbus A330-301</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737-300">Boeing 737-300</a></td> <td>171 feet (52m)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/61662/pdf">NTSB</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=61662">docket</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:BOST05E002">FAA</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runway_excursion" title="Runway excursion">Runway excursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_collision" title="Ground collision">Ground collision</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foot_notes">Foot notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foot notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fatality_footnote-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fatality_footnote_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One passenger initially survived the crash, but died 31 days later. The NTSB final report lists 34 fatal injuries, because at that time only deaths within 3 days of an accident count as fatal injuries.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Air Traffic Management (Doc 4444)</i> (Sixteenth ed.). <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (published 10 November 2016). 2016. pp. Ch.1 p15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9258-081-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9258-081-0"><bdi>978-92-9258-081-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Procedures+for+Air+Navigation+Services+%E2%80%93+Air+Traffic+Management+%28Doc+4444%29&rft.pages=Ch.1+p15&rft.edition=Sixteenth&rft.pub=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-92-9258-081-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/airports/runway_safety/resources/runway_incursions/">"Runway Incursions"</a>. <i>www.faa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.faa.gov&rft.atitle=Runway+Incursions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fairports%2Frunway_safety%2Fresources%2Frunway_incursions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SIR8601.pdf"><i>Runway Incursions at Controlled Airports in the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. SIR-86-01. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a>. 6 May 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Runway+Incursions+at+Controlled+Airports+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=1986-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntsb.gov%2Fsafety%2Fsafety-studies%2FDocuments%2FSIR8601.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9105.pdf"><i>Aircraft Accident Report: Northwest Airlines Flights 1482 and 299 – AAR-91-05</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a>. 25 June 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Accident+Report%3A+Northwest+Airlines+Flights+1482+and+299+%E2%80%93+AAR-91-05&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=1991-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntsb.gov%2Finvestigations%2FAccidentReports%2FReports%2FAAR9105.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead1992" class="citation book cs1">Mead, Kenneth M. (4 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gao.gov/assets/t-rced-92-90.pdf"><i>Additional Actions Needed for Three Safety Programs</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States General Accounting Office">United States General Accounting Office</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+Actions+Needed+for+Three+Safety+Programs&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+General+Accounting+Office&rft.date=1992-08-04&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Fassets%2Ft-rced-92-90.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/publications/callback/cb_253.htm">"Reports Needed for ASRS Study"</a>. <i>Callback – NASA's Monthly ASRS Bulletin</i> (253). <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story.cfm?newsId=9612">the original</a> on 9 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet+%E2%80%93+FAA+Adopts+ICAO+Definition+for+Runway+Incursions&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.aulast=Takemoto&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fnews%2Ffact_sheets%2Fnews_story.cfm%3FnewsId%3D9612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Werfelman-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Werfelman_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werfelman_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werfelman_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Werfelman_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerfelman2017" class="citation web cs1">Werfelman, Linda (19 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/tracking-runway-incursions/">"Tracking Runway Incursions"</a>. <i>Flight Safety Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flight+Safety+Foundation&rft.atitle=Tracking+Runway+Incursions&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft.aulast=Werfelman&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflightsafety.org%2Fasw-article%2Ftracking-runway-incursions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:28">"FAA Runway Safety Office - Runway Incursions (RWS)"</a>. FAA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAA+Runway+Safety+Office+-+Runway+Incursions+%28RWS%29&rft.pub=FAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asias.faa.gov%2Fapex%2Ff%3Fp%3D100%3A28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asias.faa.gov/apex/f?p=100:30:::NO::AP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR:AUS-M-2023%2F02%2F04-0001-OI-001">"RWS Batch Brief"</a>. FAA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RWS+Batch+Brief&rft.pub=FAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asias.faa.gov%2Fapex%2Ff%3Fp%3D100%3A30%3A%3A%3ANO%3A%3AAP_BRIEF_RPT_VAR%3AAUS-M-2023%252F02%252F04-0001-OI-001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARunway+incursion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/airports/runway_safety/statistics/">FAA Runway Safety Statistics</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&oldid=1255932192">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runway_incursion&oldid=1255932192</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Runway_incursions" title="Category:Runway incursions">Runway incursions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Category:Aviation accidents and incidents">Aviation accidents and incidents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aviation_risks" title="Category:Aviation risks">Aviation risks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Runway_safety" title="Category:Runway safety">Runway safety</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from January 2024">Articles with limited geographic scope from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States-centric" title="Category:United States-centric">United States-centric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_November_2024" title="Category:Incomplete lists from November 2024">Incomplete lists from November 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 09:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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