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<span>Autobiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Legends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Non-fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تشارلز إيستمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشارلز إيستمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Істмэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чарлз Істмэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Alexander_Eastman" title="Charles Alexander Eastman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Alexander Eastman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Alexander_Eastman" title="Charles Alexander Eastman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Alexander Eastman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تشارلز ايستمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز ايستمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Alexander_Eastman" title="Charles Alexander Eastman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Alexander Eastman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" title="Истмен, Чарльз Александр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Истмен, Чарльз Александр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eastman" title="Charles Eastman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Charles Eastman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="查爾斯·伊士曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查爾斯·伊士曼" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Charles Eastman, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eastman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Charles Eastman (disambiguation)">Charles Eastman (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Charles Eastman<br />Ohíye S'a</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg/220px-Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg/330px-Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg/440px-Charles_eastman_smithsonian_gn_03462a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1858-02-19</span>)</span>February 19, 1858<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Near <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Falls,_Minnesota" title="Redwood Falls, Minnesota">Redwood Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Territory" title="Minnesota Territory">Minnesota Territory</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 8, 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-01-08)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Union_Academy" title="Kimball Union Academy">Kimball Union Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goodale_Sisters" title="Goodale Sisters">Elaine Goodale Eastman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irene_Eastman" title="Irene Eastman">Irene Eastman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seth_Eastman" title="Seth Eastman">Seth Eastman</a> (grandfather)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg/150px-Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg/225px-Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg/300px-Charles_Eastman_Signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="117" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Alexander Eastman</b> (February 19, 1858 – January 8, 1939, born <b>Hakadah</b> and later named <b>Ohíye S'a</b>, sometimes written <b>Ohiyesa</b>) was an American physician, writer, and social reformer. He was among the first Native Americans to be certified in <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">Western medicine</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and was "one of the most prolific authors and speakers on Sioux ethnohistory and American Indian affairs" in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruoff_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruoff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eastman was of <a href="/wiki/Santee_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Santee Dakota">Santee Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a> and French ancestry. After working as a physician on reservations in South Dakota, he became increasingly active in politics and issues on <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> rights. He worked to improve the lives of youths: he founded thirty-two Native American chapters of the <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> and helped to found the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an early Native American historian. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eastman was named <b>Hakadah</b> at his birth in Minnesota; his name meant "pitiful last" in <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a>. Eastman was so named because his mother died following his birth. He was the last of five children of <i>Wakantakawin,</i> a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-race" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-race">mixed-race</a> woman also known as Winona (meaning "First-Born Daughter" in the Dakota language), or Mary Nancy Eastman.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruoff_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruoff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and Eastman's father, a Santee Dakota named <i>Wak-anhdi Ota</i> (Many Lightnings), lived on a Santee Dakota reservation near <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Falls,_Minnesota" title="Redwood Falls, Minnesota">Redwood Falls, Minnesota</a>. </p><p>Winona was the only child of Wakháŋ Inážiŋ Wiŋ (Stands Sacred) and <a href="/wiki/Seth_Eastman" title="Seth Eastman">Seth Eastman</a>, a U.S. Army career officer and illustrator, who married at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Snelling" title="Fort Snelling">Fort Snelling</a> in 1830, where he was stationed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruoff_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruoff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This post later developed as the city of <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>. Stands Sacred was the fifteen-year-old daughter of <a href="/wiki/Cloud_Man" title="Cloud Man">Cloud Man</a>, a Santee Dakota chief of French and <a href="/wiki/Mdewakanton" title="Mdewakanton">Mdewakanton</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruoff_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruoff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seth Eastman was reassigned from Fort Snelling in 1832, soon after the birth of Winona. The girl was later called <i>Wakantakawin.</i> Eastman left the two there, in Dakota country. </p><p>In the Dakota tradition of naming to mark life passages, Hakadah was later named <b>Ohíye S'a</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a>: "always wins" or "the winner").<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had three older brothers (later known as John, David, and James after their conversion to Christianity) and an older sister Mary. During the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota War of 1862</a>, Ohíye S'a was separated from his father Wak-anhdi Ota and siblings, and they were thought to have died. His maternal grandmother Stands Sacred (Wakháŋ Inážiŋ Wiŋ) and her family took the boy with them as they fled from the warfare into <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fifteen years later Ohíyesa was reunited with his father and oldest brother John in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. The father had <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">converted</a> to Christianity, after which he took the name of Jacob Eastman. John also converted and took the surname Eastman. The Eastman family established a homestead in <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a>. When Ohíyesa accepted Christianity, he took the name Charles Alexander Eastman. </p><p>His father strongly supported his sons getting an education in European-American style schools. Eastman and his older brother John attended a <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christian)">mission</a> then a preparatory school, Kimball Union Academy from 1882 to 1883, and college. Eastman first attended <a href="/wiki/Beloit_College" title="Beloit College">Beloit College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knox_College_(Illinois)" title="Knox College (Illinois)">Knox College</a>; he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 1887. He attended medical school at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, where he graduated in 1890 and was among the first Native Americans to be certified as a European-style doctor, a year after <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Montezuma" title="Carlos Montezuma">Carlos Montezuma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yavapai" title="Yavapai">Yavapai</a>/<a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzette_LaFlesche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzette LaFlesche (page does not exist)">Suzette LaFlesche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omaha_people" title="Omaha people">Omaha</a>/<a href="/wiki/Iowa_people" title="Iowa people">Iowa</a>) earned their degrees. </p><p>His older brother John became a minister. Rev. John (<i>Maȟpiyawaku Kida</i>) Eastman served as a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> at the Santee Dakota settlement of <a href="/wiki/Flandreau,_South_Dakota" title="Flandreau, South Dakota">Flandreau, South Dakota</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Eastman_(Ohiyesa).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Charles_Eastman_%28Ohiyesa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Dr. Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_practice">Medical practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after graduating from medical school, Charles Eastman returned to the West, where he worked as an agency physician for the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a> (BIA) <a href="/wiki/Indian_Health_Service" title="Indian Health Service">Indian Health Service</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Ridge Reservation">Pine Ridge Reservation</a> and later at the <a href="/wiki/Crow_Creek_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Creek Reservation">Crow Creek Reservation</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. He cared for Indians after the 1890 <a href="/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Massacre" title="Wounded Knee Massacre">Wounded Knee massacre</a>. Of the 38 or more victims he treated, only seven died.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later established a private medical practice after being forced out of his position, but was not able to make it succeed financially. </p><p>He married <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Goodale_Eastman" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine Goodale Eastman">Elaine Goodale</a>, a teacher from Massachusetts who, after serving as a teacher elsewhere in South Dakota, had been appointed as the first Supervisor of Education for the newly divided states of North and South Dakota.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobrow_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobrow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While they were struggling, she encouraged him to write some of the stories of his childhood. At her suggestion (and with her editing help), he published the first two stories in 1893 and 1894 in <i><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas Magazine">St. Nicholas Magazine</a></i>. It had earlier published poetry of hers.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These stories were collected in his first book, <i>Indian Boyhood</i>. </p><p>Eastman became active with the new organization of the <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a>, working to support Native American youth. Between 1894 and 1898, he established 32 Indian groups of the YMCA, and also founded leadership programs and outdoor youth camps. In 1899, he helped recruit students for the <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School" title="Carlisle Indian Industrial School">Carlisle Indian Industrial School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, which had been established as the first Indian boarding school run by the federal government. Given his own education and career, he favored children learning more about mainstream American culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1902, Eastman published a memoir, <i>Indian Boyhood</i>, recounting his first 15 years of life among the Dakota Sioux during the later years of the nineteenth century. In the following two decades, he wrote ten more books, most concerned with his Native American culture. In the early 20th century, he was "one of the most prolific authors and speakers on Sioux ethnohistory and American Indian affairs."<sup id="cite_ref-Ruoff_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruoff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became one of the most photographed Native Americans, sometimes appearing his traditional Sioux regalia and sometimes in Euro-American clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobrow_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobrow-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vigil_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigil-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians debate how Eastman and his wife worked together through the decades of his publishing career. Theodore Sargent, a biographer of Elaine, noted that Eastman gained acclaim for the nine books he published on Sioux life, whereas Elaine's seven books received little notice.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ruth Ann Alexander, Elaine is not given enough credit for his success, although she worked intensively on Charles's stories as a way both to share his life and to use her own literary talent as his typist and editor.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carol Lea Clark believes that the books under Eastman's name should be seen as a collaboration: "Together they produced works of a public popularity that neither could produce separately."<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the couple separated in 1921, Eastman never published another book. These views, however, are contested by other Eastman scholars, who suggest they reflect a bias toward a European-American influence in Eastman's published works. Some Native scholars suggest that in fact, there is both content and style in Eastman's writing that reflects Indigenous techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xv">: xv </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup> </p><p>While Elaine may have helped Eastman edit his work, Ruth J. Heflin argues that Elaine's later claims that she wrote his works ring false. She did not make that claim until after Eastman's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Heflin_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heflin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely, however, that Elaine was her husband's typist; Eastman apparently did not learn to type. He was reported to have lost his government position because he could not type his required reports.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars debate the influence and role Elaine might have played in shaping Charles’ prose.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigil_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigil-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schmitz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Viehmann_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viehmann-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of Eastman's books were translated into <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> and other European languages. They sold well enough to undergo regular reprints. In the early 21st century, a selection of his writings was published as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_Charles_Eastman_(Ohiyesa)" title="The Essential Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa)">The Essential Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa)</a></i> (2007). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth_organizations">Youth organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Youth organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inspired by his writings, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thompson_Seton" title="Ernest Thompson Seton">Ernest Thompson Seton</a> sought Eastman's counsel in forming the <a href="/wiki/Woodcraft_Indians" title="Woodcraft Indians">Woodcraft Indians</a>, which became a popular group for boys. The <a href="/wiki/YMCA_of_Greater_New_York" title="YMCA of Greater New York">New York YMCA</a> asked both Seton and Eastman to help them design YMCA Indian Scouts for urban boys, using <a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">rooftop gardens</a> and city parks for their activities. In 1910, Seton invited Eastman to work with him and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carter_Beard" title="Daniel Carter Beard">Daniel Carter Beard</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Daniel_Boone" title="Sons of Daniel Boone">Sons of Daniel Boone</a>, to found the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> (BSA).<sup id="cite_ref-Essential_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essential-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luther_Gulick_(physician)" title="Luther Gulick (physician)">Luther Gulick</a> also consulted with Eastman to assist him and his wife Charlotte to develop the <a href="/wiki/Camp_Fire_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Fire Girls">Camp Fire Girls</a>. </p><p>With his fame as an author and lecturer, Eastman promoted the fledgling Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls. He advised them on how to organize their summer camps, and directly managed one of the first Boy Scout camps along the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>. His daughter, Irene, worked as a counselor at a Camp Fire Girl camp in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>. In 1915, the Eastman family organized their own summer camp, Camp Oáhe, at <a href="/wiki/Granite_Lake_(New_Hampshire)" title="Granite Lake (New Hampshire)">Granite Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, where the whole family worked for years.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eastman served as a BSA national councilman for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-Essential_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essential-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_spokesman">National spokesman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National spokesman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg/220px-Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg/330px-Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg/440px-Dr_Charles_A_Eastman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption>Magazine portrait of Dr. Charles A. Eastman, 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>Eastman was active in national politics, particularly in matters dealing with <a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Indian rights</a>. He served as a <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbyist</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Santee Sioux</a> between 1894 and 1897. </p><p>In 1903, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> assigned Eastman to helping Sioux (Dakota, Nakota, Lakota) tribal members to choose English <a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">legal names</a>, in order to prevent individuals and families from losing allotted lands due to confusion over cultural naming conventions and spellings. Eastman was one of the co-founders of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Indians" title="Society of American Indians">Society of American Indians</a> (SAI), which pushed for freedom and <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> for the American Indian. </p><p>In 1911, Eastman was chosen to represent the American Indian at the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Races_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Races Congress">Universal Races Congress</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Essential_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essential-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his speeches and teachings, he emphasized the importance of seeking peace and living in harmony with nature. </p><p>From 1923 to 1925, Eastman served as an appointed US Indian inspector under President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> administration (1923-1929) invited Eastman to the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_100_(United_States)" title="Committee of 100 (United States)">Committee of 100</a>, a reform panel examining federal institutions and activities dealing with Indian nations. The committee recommended that the government conduct an in-depth investigation into <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservation life</a> (health, education, economics, justice, civil rights, etc.). This was commissioned through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of Interior</a> and conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>, resulting in the groundbreaking 1928 <i><a href="/wiki/Meriam_Report" title="Meriam Report">Meriam Report</a></i>. The findings and recommendations served as the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> administration's <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> for the Indian, including the 1934 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act" title="Indian Reorganization Act">Indian Reorganization Act</a>. This encouraged and supported tribes to establish self-government according to constitutional models. </p><p>In 1925, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Office of Indian Affairs</a> asked Eastman to investigate the death and burial location of <a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a>, the young woman who guided and interpreted for the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition" title="Lewis and Clark Expedition">Lewis and Clark Expedition</a> in 1805. He determined that she died of old age at the <a href="/wiki/Wind_River_Indian_Reservation" title="Wind River Indian Reservation">Wind River Indian Reservation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> on April 9, 1884.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, based on a recently discovered journal of 1812–1813, modern historians believe that Sacagewea died in 1812 as a result of an illness following the birth of her daughter Lisette at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lisa_(North_Dakota)" title="Fort Lisa (North Dakota)">Fort Lisa (North Dakota)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Drumm_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drumm-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1891, Eastman married the poet and Indian welfare activist <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Goodale" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine Goodale">Elaine Goodale</a>, who was serving as Superintendent of Indian Education for the Two Dakotas. From New England, she had first taught at <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampton Institute">Hampton Institute</a>, which then had about 100 Native American students, in addition to African Americans, and at an Indian day school in South Dakota. She supported expanding day schools on reservations for education, rather than sending Native American children away from their families to boarding schools. </p><p>The Eastmans had six children together: five daughters and a son. The marriage prospered at first, and Elaine was always interested in Indian issues. Eastman's many jobs, failure to provide financially for the family, and absences on the lecture circuit, put increasing strain on the couple.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, at Elaine's request, they returned to <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, where the family was based in <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Massachusetts" title="Amherst, Massachusetts">Amherst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DobrowWilson_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DobrowWilson-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eastman was traveling extensively, and Elaine took over managing his public appearances. He lectured about twenty-five times a year across the country. These were productive years for their literary collaboration; he published eight books and she published three. She and Charles separated around 1921, following the death of their daughter <a href="/wiki/Irene_Eastman" title="Irene Eastman">Irene</a> in 1918 from <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 flu pandemic">1918 flu pandemic</a>. They never divorced or publicly acknowledged the separation.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DobrowWilson_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DobrowWilson-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others have suggested their differing views on assimilation led to strain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander said the catalyst was a rumor that Eastman had an affair with Henrietta Martindale, a visitor<sup id="cite_ref-SargentWilson_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SargentWilson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at their camp in 1921. He allegedly got her pregnant, after which he and Goodale separated. Although the paternity of this child, named Bonno by her mother, was never proven, letters from Henrietta and from Elaine strongly point to Charles Eastman as the father. The controversies over this child added to the Eastmans' decision to separate.<sup id="cite_ref-SargentWilson_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SargentWilson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DobrowWilson_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DobrowWilson-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles Eastman built a cabin on the eastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a>, where he spent his later-year summers. He wintered in <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> with his only son Charles, Jr., also called <i>Ohiyesa.</i> On January 8, 1939, the senior Eastman died from a heart attack in Detroit at age eighty. His interment was at Evergreen Cemetery in Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, the Dartmouth Alumni Club and Eastman biographer Raymond Wilson donated a grave marker.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elaine Goodale Eastman spent the remainder of her life living with two of her daughters and their families in Northampton, Massachusetts. Goodale Eastman died in 1953 and her ashes were scattered in the Spring Grove Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Northampton,_Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts">Northampton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander1_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>As a child, Ohiyesa had learned about herbal medicine from his grandmother.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His education in Western-style medicine from medical school might have enabled him to draw from both sides of his heritage in practicing as a doctor, but he consistently refused to offer up fake "Indian potions" or other so-called cures as were often advertised in the newspapers of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-Eastman1916_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eastman1916-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 137–38">: 137–38 </span></sup></li> <li>He was the only Native American person invited to speak at the <a href="/wiki/First_Universal_Races_Congress" title="First Universal Races Congress">First Universal Races Congress</a> in London in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Essential_Charles_Eastman_2007_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Essential_Charles_Eastman_2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>His several books document Sioux Dakota culture at the end of the nineteenth century.</li> <li>In 1933, Eastman was the first person to receive the Indian Achievement Award.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A crater on Mercury was named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_portrayal">Film portrayal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Film portrayal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the HBO film <i><a href="/wiki/Bury_My_Heart_at_Wounded_Knee_(film)" title="Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (film)">Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee</a></i> (2007), Eastman was portrayed at different ages by the actors <a href="/wiki/Adam_Beach" title="Adam Beach">Adam Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chevez_Ezaneh" title="Chevez Ezaneh">Chevez Ezaneh</a>.</li> <li>The Vision Maker Media documentary <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionmakermedia.org/films/ohiyesa"><i>OHIYESA The Soul of an Indian</i></a> (2018), follows Kate Beane, a young Dakota woman, as she traces the life of her celebrated relative, Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Autobiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEastman1902" class="citation book cs1">Eastman, Charles Alexander (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianboyhood00eastrich"><i>Indian Boyhood</i></a>. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Boyhood&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McClure%2C+Phillips+%26+Co&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianboyhood00eastrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1916" class="citation book cs1">—— (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deepwoodsto00eastrich"><i>From the Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the Autobiography of an Indian</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Deep+Woods+to+Civilization%3A+Chapters+in+the+Autobiography+of+an+Indian&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeepwoodsto00eastrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legends">Legends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1904" class="citation book cs1">—— (1904). <i>Red Hunters and Animal People</i>. Harper and Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Hunters+and+Animal+People&rft.pub=Harper+and+Brothers&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1905" class="citation book cs1">—— (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030116012449/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=EasMadn.sgm&images=images%2Fmodeng&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed&tag=public&part=all"><i>The Madness of Bald Eagle</i></a>. Hampton, VA: Hampton Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=EasMadn.sgm&images=images%2Fmodeng&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed&tag=public&part=all">the original</a> on January 16, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Madness+of+Bald+Eagle&rft.place=Hampton%2C+VA&rft.pub=Hampton+Institute&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetext.lib.virginia.edu%2Fetcbin%2Ftoccer-new2%3Fid%3DEasMadn.sgm%26images%3Dimages%252Fmodeng%26data%3D%252Ftexts%252Fenglish%252Fmodeng%252Fparsed%26tag%3Dpublic%26part%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1907" class="citation book cs1">—— (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldindiandays00east"><i>Old Indian Days</i></a>. McClure.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Indian+Days&rft.pub=McClure&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldindiandays00east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastmanEastman1909" class="citation book cs1">Eastman, Charles Alexander; Eastman, Elaine Goodale (1909). <i>Wigwam Evenings: Sioux Folk Tales Retold</i>. Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wigwam+Evenings%3A+Sioux+Folk+Tales+Retold&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft.au=Eastman%2C+Elaine+Goodale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastmanEastman1910" class="citation book cs1">Eastman, Charles Alexander; Eastman, Elaine Goodale (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006829738"><i>Smoky Day's Wigwam Evenings</i></a>. Brown, Little.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smoky+Day%27s+Wigwam+Evenings&rft.pub=Brown%2C+Little&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft.au=Eastman%2C+Elaine+Goodale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F006829738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-fiction">Non-fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Non-fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1911" class="citation book cs1">—— (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soulofindianinte00east"><i>The Soul of the Indian: An Interpretation</i></a>. Houghton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+the+Indian%3A+An+Interpretation&rft.pub=Houghton&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoulofindianinte00east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1913" class="citation book cs1">—— (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianchildlife00eastrich/mode/2up"><i>Indian Child Life</i></a>. Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Child+Life&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianchildlife00eastrich%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1914" class="citation book cs1">—— (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianscouttalks00east"><i>Indian Scout Talks: A Guide for Scouts and Campfire Girls</i></a>. Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Scout+Talks%3A+A+Guide+for+Scouts+and+Campfire+Girls&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianscouttalks00east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> (retitled <i>Indian Scout Craft and Lore</i>, Dover Publications). A 1914 reviewer writes, "If one should follow this guide, one would soon begin to doubt he is a white man".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1915" class="citation book cs1">—— (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27448"><i>The Indian To-day: The Past and Future of the Red American</i></a>. Doubleday-Page.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+To-day%3A+The+Past+and+Future+of+the+Red+American&rft.pub=Doubleday-Page&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F27448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1918" class="citation book cs1">—— (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/336"><i>Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains</i></a>. Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Heroes+and+Great+Chieftains&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021116110147/http://www.webroots.org/library/usanativ/ihagc000.html">Online at Webroots</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/26px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/39px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/53px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scouting" title="Portal:Scouting">Scouting portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Elk" title="Black Elk">Black Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_Wars" title="Bone Wars">Bone Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Joseph" title="Chief Joseph">Chief Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse" title="Crazy Horse">Crazy Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cloud" title="Red Cloud">Red Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Sitting Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_from_peoples_indigenous_to_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas">List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Studies">Native American Studies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Remain_Alive:_the_Sioux_Literary_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="I Remain Alive: the Sioux Literary Renaissance">I Remain Alive: the Sioux Literary Renaissance</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ruoff-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruoff_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruoff_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruoff_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruoff_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruoff_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuoff2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/studies_in_american_indian_literatures/v017/17.2ruoff.html">"Eastman's Maternal Ancestry"</a>. <i>Studies in American Indian Literature</i>. 2. <b>17</b> (2): 10–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fail.2005.0059">10.1353/ail.2005.0059</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161273742">161273742</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+American+Indian+Literature&rft.atitle=Eastman%27s+Maternal+Ancestry&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=10-17&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fail.2005.0059&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161273742%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ruoff&rft.aufirst=A.+LaVonne+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Flogin%3Fauth%3D0%26type%3Dsummary%26url%3D%2Fjournals%2Fstudies_in_american_indian_literatures%2Fv017%2F17.2ruoff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110074100/https://aktalakota.stjo.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=8884">"Biography"</a>. 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Eastman (Ohiseya) and Elaine Goodale Eastman: A Cross-Cultural Collaboration". <i>Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 271–280. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F464110">10.2307/464110</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/464110">464110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+Studies+in+Women%27s+Literature&rft.atitle=Charles+A.+Eastman+%28Ohiseya%29+and+Elaine+Goodale+Eastman%3A+A+Cross-Cultural+Collaboration&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=271-280&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F464110&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F464110%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Carol+Lea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greene-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greene_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2014" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Jerome A (2014). <i>American Carnage: Wounded Knee, 1890</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Plains+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Elaine+Goodale+Eastman+and+the+Failure+of+the+Feminist+Protestant+Ethic&rft.issue=Spring+1988&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1370%26context%3Dgreatplainsquarterly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vigil-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vigil_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vigil_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigil2015" class="citation book cs1">Vigil, Kiara M (2015). <i>Indigenous Intellectuals: Sovereignty, Citizenship, and the American Imagination, 1880–1930</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Plains+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Theodore+D.+Sargent%2C+Theodore+D.%2C+%27The+Life+of+Elaine+Goodale+Eastman%27&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1084%26context%3Dgreatplainsquarterly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez2009" class="citation book cs1">Martínez, David (2009). <i>Dakota Philosopher: Charles Eastman and American Indian Thought</i>. 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Yale University. p. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Writing+across+the+cultural+divide%3A+Images+of+Indians+in+the+lives+and+works+of+Native+and+European+Americans%2C+1890-1935&rft.inst=Yale+University&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Viehmann&rft.aufirst=Martha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Essential-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastmanMichael_Oren_Fitzgerald2007" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastman, Charles</a>; Michael Oren Fitzgerald (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5JZ3FAKVqcC"><i>The essential Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa): light on the Indian world</i></a>. World Wisdom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933316-33-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933316-33-8"><bdi>978-1-933316-33-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+essential+Charles+Eastman+%28Ohiyesa%29%3A+light+on+the+Indian+world&rft.pub=World+Wisdom&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-933316-33-8&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Michael+Oren+Fitzgerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di5JZ3FAKVqcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drumm-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drumm_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drumm, Stella M., ed. (1920). <i>Journal of a Fur-trading Expedition on the Upper Missouri: John Luttig, 1812–1813</i>, St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DobrowWilson-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DobrowWilson_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DobrowWilson_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DobrowWilson_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobrowWilson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Dobrow, Julie; Wilson, Raymond (2022). "Good Night, Irene: The Pandemic of 1918 and the Death of Irene Taluta Eastman". <i>South Dakota History</i>. <b>52</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Dakota+History&rft.atitle=Good+Night%2C+Irene%3A+The+Pandemic+of+1918+and+the+Death+of+Irene+Taluta+Eastman&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Dobrow&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwisdom.com/public/authors/Charles-Eastman.aspx">"Charles Eastman's life and work"</a>. <i>World Wisdom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wisdom&rft.atitle=Charles+Eastman%27s+life+and+work&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwisdom.com%2Fpublic%2Fauthors%2FCharles-Eastman.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SargentWilson-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SargentWilson_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SargentWilson_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargentRaymond_Wilson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sargent, Theodore; Raymond Wilson (Fall 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213127/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/54460446/estrangement-charles-eastman-elaine-goodale-eastman">"The Estrangement of Charles Eastman and Elaine Goodale Eastman"</a>. <i>South Dakota History</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 213. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/54460446/estrangement-charles-eastman-elaine-goodale-eastman">the original</a> on March 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Dakota+History&rft.atitle=The+Estrangement+of+Charles+Eastman+and+Elaine+Goodale+Eastman&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=213&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.au=Raymond+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconnection.ebscohost.com%2Fc%2Farticles%2F54460446%2Festrangement-charles-eastman-elaine-goodale-eastman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A contemporaneous newspaper article incorrectly states Dr. Eastman's burial site is Detroit's Grandlawn Cemetery. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/62068211/charles-eastman-1858-1939/">"Dr. Charles A. Eastman"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. Detroit, MI. January 10, 1939. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Dr.+Charles+A.+Eastman&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1939-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F62068211%2Fcharles-eastman-1858-1939%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/issue/19841001#!&pid=84">"Class Notes"</a>. <i>Dartmouth Alumni Magazine</i>. October 1984. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dartmouth+Alumni+Magazine&rft.atitle=Class+Notes&rft.pages=84&rft.date=1984-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com%2Fissue%2F19841001%23%21%26pid%3D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman" class="citation web cs1">Eastman, Joan Quinn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joanquinneastman.com/op-ed/bury-my-hopes-for-a-high-minded-review/">"Bury My Hopes for a High Minded Review"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2020</span>. <q>This great man lies in a grave near 8 Mile in Detroit that was unmarked (at his request according to descendants) for more than 40 years, until the Dartmouth club commissioned a plaque in 1984.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bury+My+Hopes+for+a+High+Minded+Review&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Joan+Quinn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjoanquinneastman.com%2Fop-ed%2Fbury-my-hopes-for-a-high-minded-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2001" class="citation journal cs1">Carlson, David J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/267">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Indian for a While": Charles Eastman's Indian Boyhood and the Discourse of Allotment"</a>. <i>The American Indian Quarterly</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 604–625. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faiq.2001.0033">10.1353/aiq.2001.0033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1534-1828">1534-1828</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161756590">161756590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Indian+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22Indian+for+a+While%22%3A+Charles+Eastman%27s+Indian+Boyhood+and+the+Discourse+of+Allotment&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=604-625&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161756590%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1534-1828&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faiq.2001.0033&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eastman1916-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eastman1916_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1916" class="citation book cs1">—— (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deepwoodsto00eastrich"><i>From the Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the Autobiography of an Indian</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Deep+Woods+to+Civilization%3A+Chapters+in+the+Autobiography+of+an+Indian&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeepwoodsto00eastrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Essential_Charles_Eastman_2007-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Essential_Charles_Eastman_2007_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastmanMichael_Oren_Fitzgerald2007" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastman, Charles</a>; Michael Oren Fitzgerald (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5JZ3FAKVqcC&q=universal+races+congress"><i>The essential Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa): light on the Indian world</i></a>. World Wisdom, Inc. pp. 202, 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933316-33-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933316-33-8"><bdi>978-1-933316-33-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+essential+Charles+Eastman+%28Ohiyesa%29%3A+light+on+the+Indian+world&rft.pages=202%2C+210&rft.pub=World+Wisdom%2C+Inc&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-933316-33-8&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Michael+Oren+Fitzgerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di5JZ3FAKVqcC%26q%3Duniversal%2Braces%2Bcongress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/A29">"Charles A. Eastman (Ohiseya)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509095239/http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/A29">Archived</a> 2008-05-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Special Collections: Native American Authors</i>, ipl2, accessed 8 Dec 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> Carnegie Institution for Science, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?gallery_id=2&image_id=324">Announcement and Photograph of Crater Named for Dr. Eastman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218194104/http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?gallery_id=2&image_id=324">Archived</a> 2014-12-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (last visited March 15, 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/416/mode/1up">"Indian Scout Talks"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. December 14, 1914<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Indian+Scout+Talks&rft.date=1914-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Findependen79v80newy%23page%2F416%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Eastman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nerburn, Kent, ed. (1999), <i>The Wisdom of the Native Americans: Including the Soul of the Indian and Other Writings of Ohiyesa and the Great Speeches of Chief Red Jacket, Chief Joseph, and Chief Seattle</i>, New York: MJF Books</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Charles_Eastman" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Charles Eastman">Charles Eastman</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Charles_Alexander_Eastman" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Charles Alexander Eastman">Charles Eastman</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/187">Works by Charles Eastman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Eastman%2C%20Charles%20Alexander%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eastman%2C%20Charles%20A%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eastman%2C%20C%2E%20A%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Charles%20Alexander%20Eastman%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Charles%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22C%2E%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Charles%20Alexander%20Eastman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Charles%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22C%2E%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22C%2E%20Alexander%20Eastman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eastman%2C%20Charles%20Alexander%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eastman%2C%20Charles%20A%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eastman%2C%20C%2E%20A%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eastman%2C%20C%2E%20Alexander%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Charles%20Alexander%20Eastman%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Charles%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20title%3A%22C%2E%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Charles%20Alexander%20Eastman%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Charles%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20description%3A%22C%2E%20A%2E%20Eastman%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Eastman%2C%20Charles%20Alexander%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Eastman%2C%20Charles%20A%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221858-1939%22%20AND%20Eastman%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Charles Eastman</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/3473">Works by Charles Eastman</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/eastman.htm">Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa): links, bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwisdom.com/public/authors/Charles-Eastman.aspx">Charles Eastman Resource page (bio, photos, bibliography, slideshows, excerpts, links, etc)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/916">Eastman-Goodale-Dayton Family Papers</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smith.edu/libraries/special-collections/about/sophia-smith-collection-womens-history">Sophia Smith Collection</a>, Smith College Special Collections.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1839">Charles Eastman papers</a>, MS-829, Dartmouth College Archives and Manuscripts</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organization</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cub_Scouting_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Cub Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)">Cub Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouts_BSA" title="Scouts BSA">Scouts BSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varsity_Scouting" title="Varsity Scouting">Varsity Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venturing" title="Venturing">Venturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Scouts_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Sea Scouts (Boy Scouts of America)">Sea Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Arrow" title="Order of the Arrow">Order of the Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Eagle_Scout_Association" title="National Eagle Scout Association">National Eagle Scout Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_for_Life" title="Learning for Life">Learning for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploring_(Learning_for_Life)" title="Exploring (Learning for Life)">Exploring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_Search_and_Rescue" title="Explorer Search and Rescue">Explorer Search and Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Service_Exploring" title="Fire Service Exploring">Fire Service Exploring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Exploring" title="Law Enforcement Exploring">Law Enforcement Exploring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Advancement_and_recognition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Advancement and recognition</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advancement_and_recognition_in_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Advancement and recognition in the Boy Scouts of America">Advancement and recognition</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Boy Scouting and Varsity Scouting awards</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_in_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America">Ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout" title="Eagle Scout">Eagle Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Class_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="First Class Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">First Class Scout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_badge_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Merit badge (Boy Scouts of America)">Merit badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Arrow_honors_and_awards" title="Order of the Arrow honors and awards">Order of the Arrow honors and awards</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Venturing and Sea Scouting awards</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quartermaster_Award_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Quartermaster Award (Boy Scouts of America)">Quartermaster Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_Award" title="Ranger Award">Ranger Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Award" title="Summit Award">Summit Award</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Distinguished service awards</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Eagle_Scout_Award" title="Outstanding Eagle Scout Award">Outstanding Eagle Scout Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Eagle_Scout_Award" title="Distinguished Eagle Scout Award">Distinguished Eagle Scout Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Beaver_Award" title="Silver Beaver Award">Silver Beaver Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Antelope_Award" title="Silver Antelope Award">Silver Antelope Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_World_Award" title="Silver World Award">Silver World Award</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other awards</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50-Miler_Award" title="50-Miler Award">50-Miler Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Trails_Award" title="Historic Trails Award">Historic Trails Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Spirit_Award" title="International Spirit Award">International Spirit Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_emblems_programs_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Religious emblems programs (Boy Scouts of America)">Religious emblems programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Eagle_Award" title="Spirit of the Eagle Award">Spirit of the Eagle Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_knot_insignia" title="Square knot insignia">Square knot insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Distinguished_Conservation_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Distinguished Conservation Awards">BSA Distinguished Conservation Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Award" title="World Conservation Award">World Conservation Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_American_Award" title="Young American Award">Young American Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Leadership,_training,_and_awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership, training, and awards</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Leadership in the Boy Scouts of America">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Leadership_Skills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introduction to Leadership Skills (page does not exist)">Introduction to Leadership Skills for Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Leadership_Skills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introduction to Leadership Skills (page does not exist)">Introduction to Leadership Skills for Crews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Advanced_Youth_Leadership_Experience" title="National Advanced Youth Leadership Experience">National Advanced Youth Leadership Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Leadership_Training" title="National Youth Leadership Training">National Youth Leadership Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Leadership_Training_Leadership_Academy" title="National Youth Leadership Training Leadership Academy">National Youth Leadership Training Leadership Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiak_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Kodiak (Boy Scouts of America)">Kodiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Horn_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Powder Horn (Boy Scouts of America)">Powder Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouter%27s_Key_Award" title="Scouter's Key Award">Scouter's Key Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouter%27s_Training_Award" title="Scouter's Training Award">Scouter's Training Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabadge" title="Seabadge">Seabadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Badge_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Wood Badge (Boy Scouts of America)">Wood Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Protection_program_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth Protection program (Boy Scouts of America)">Youth Protection program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scout_Executive" title="Chief Scout Executive">Chief Scout Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_presidents_of_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="List of national presidents of the Boy Scouts of America">National president</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Recipients_of_the_Distinguished_Service_Award_of_the_Order_of_the_Arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Recipients of the Distinguished Service Award of the Order of the Arrow">Recipients of the Distinguished Service Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eagle_Scouts" title="List of Eagle Scouts">Eagle Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="List of recipients of the Silver Buffalo Award">Recipients of the Silver Buffalo Award</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carter_Beard" title="Daniel Carter Beard">Daniel Carter Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Boyce" title="William D. Boyce">William D. Boyce</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_A._Edson" title="Carroll A. Edson">Carroll A. Edson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Urner_Goodman" title="E. Urner Goodman">E. Urner Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hillcourt" title="William Hillcourt">William Hillcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thompson_Seton" title="Ernest Thompson Seton">Ernest Thompson Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Scout" title="Unknown Scout">Unknown Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._West_(Scouting)" title="James E. West (Scouting)">James E. West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camporee" title="Camporee">Camporee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klondike_derby" title="Klondike derby">Klondike derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Order_of_the_Arrow_national_events" title="List of Order of the Arrow national events">Order of the Arrow national events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scout_jamboree_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="National Scout jamboree (Boy Scouts of America)">National Scout jamboree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_On-Target" title="Operation On-Target">Operation On-Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinewood_derby" title="Pinewood derby">Pinewood derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPE_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="COPE (Boy Scouts of America)">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raingutter_regatta" title="Raingutter regatta">Raingutter regatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_derby" title="Space derby">Space derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strengthen_the_Arm_of_Liberty" title="Strengthen the Arm of Liberty">Strengthen the Arm of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scout_Handbook" title="Boy Scout Handbook">Boy Scout Handbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scout_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scout Memorial">Boy Scout Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scout_Life" title="Scout Life">Scout Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scouting_(magazine)" title="Scouting (magazine)">Scouting</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Omega" title="Alpha Phi Omega">Alpha Phi Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Tau_Pi" title="Epsilon Tau Pi">Epsilon Tau Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_merit_badges_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="History of merit badges (Boy Scouts of America)">History of merit badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="History of the Boy Scouts of America">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boy_Scout_calendar_illustrations" title="List of Boy Scout calendar illustrations">Norman Rockwell calendar illustrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_popular_culture" title="Scouting in popular culture">Scouting in popular culture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ideal_Scout" title="The Ideal Scout">The Ideal Scout</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail%27s_End_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trail's End (brand)">Trail's End popcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Mic-O-Say" title="Tribe of Mic-O-Say">Tribe of Mic-O-Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_and_insignia_of_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Uniform and insignia of the Boy Scouts of America">Uniform and insignia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America_membership_controversies" title="Boy Scouts of America membership controversies">Membership controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America_sex_abuse_cases" title="Boy Scouts of America sex abuse cases">Sex abuse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barnes-Wallace_v._Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America">Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America_Equal_Access_Act" title="Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act">Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America_v._Dale" title="Boy Scouts of America v. Dale">Boy Scouts of America v. Dale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Liberty_Council_v._City_of_Philadelphia" title="Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia">Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curran_v._Mount_Diablo_Council_of_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America">Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Berkeley" title="Evans v. Berkeley">Evans v. Berkeley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Randall_v._Orange_County_Council" title="Randall v. Orange County Council">Randall v. Orange County Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_for_All" title="Scouting for All">Scouting for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Support_Our_Scouts_Act" title="Support Our Scouts Act">Support Our Scouts Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_v._Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Welsh v. Boy Scouts of America">Welsh v. Boy Scouts of America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winkler_v._Rumsfeld" title="Winkler v. Rumsfeld">Winkler v. Rumsfeld</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wrenn_v._Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America">Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yeaw_v._Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Yeaw v. Boy Scouts of America">Yeaw v. Boy Scouts of America</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="National_Service_Territories_and_councils" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National Service Territories and councils</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Service_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="National Service Territories">National Service Territories</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln Council">Abraham Lincoln Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama-Florida_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama-Florida Council">Alabama-Florida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamo Area Council">Alamo Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Highlands_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegheny Highlands Council">Allegheny Highlands Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allohak_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Allohak Council">Allohak Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloha Council">Aloha Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Jackson Council">Andrew Jackson Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Wayne Area Council">Anthony Wayne Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbuckle_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbuckle Area Council">Arbuckle Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Area_Council" title="Atlanta Area Council">Atlanta Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-Powell_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden-Powell Council">Baden-Powell Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Area Council">Baltimore Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Council_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area Council (Texas)">Bay Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay-Lakes_Council" title="Bay-Lakes Council">Bay-Lakes Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hills Area Council">Black Hills Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swamp_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Swamp Area Council">Black Swamp Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Warrior_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Warrior Council">Black Warrior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhawk_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackhawk Area Council">Blackhawk Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Grass_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Grass Council">Blue Grass Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountain_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Mountain Council">Blue Mountain Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Ridge Council">Blue Ridge Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckeye_Council" title="Buckeye Council">Buckeye Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckskin_Council" title="Buckskin Council">Buckskin Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucktail_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucktail Council">Bucktail Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Trace_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Trace Council">Buffalo Trace Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Trail_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Trail Council">Buffalo Trail Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Caddo Area Council">Caddo Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcasieu_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcasieu Area Council">Calcasieu Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Inland_Empire_Council" title="California Inland Empire Council">California Inland Empire Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_and_the_Islands_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Cod and the Islands Council">Cape Cod and the Islands Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fear_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Fear Council">Cape Fear Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Area Council">Capitol Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Pacific_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascade Pacific Council">Cascade Pacific Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalina Council">Catalina Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Florida_Council" title="Central Florida Council">Central Florida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Georgia_Council" title="Central Georgia Council">Central Georgia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Minnesota_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Minnesota Council">Central Minnesota Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_North_Carolina_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Central North Carolina Council">Central North Carolina Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Wyoming_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Wyoming Council">Central Wyoming Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattahoochee Council">Chattahoochee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Area_Council_(Oklahoma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee Area Council (Oklahoma)">Cherokee Area Council (Oklahoma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Area_Council_(Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee Area Council (Tennessee)">Cherokee Area Council (Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_County_Council" title="Chester County Council">Chester County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Council" title="Chickasaw Council">Chickasaw Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Cornplanter_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Cornplanter Council">Chief Cornplanter Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Seattle_Council" title="Chief Seattle Council">Chief Seattle Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chippewa_Valley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Chippewa Valley Council">Chippewa Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Choctaw Area Council">Choctaw Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimarron Council">Cimarron Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Ten_Council" title="Circle Ten Council">Circle Ten Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Carolina_Council" title="Coastal Carolina Council">Coastal Carolina Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Virginia_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Virginia Council">Colonial Virginia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia-Montour_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia-Montour Council">Columbia-Montour Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Rivers_Council" title="Connecticut Rivers Council">Connecticut Rivers Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Yankee_Council" title="Connecticut Yankee Council">Connecticut Yankee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquistador_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistador Council">Conquistador Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornhusker_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornhusker Council">Cornhusker Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado_Area_Council" title="Coronado Area Council">Coronado Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Liberty_Council" title="Cradle of Liberty Council">Cradle of Liberty Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Crater Lake Council">Crater Lake Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_of_America_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossroads of America Council">Crossroads of America Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Beard_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Beard Council">Dan Beard Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Boone Council">Daniel Boone Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Council" title="Daniel Webster Council">Daniel Webster Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Soto_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="De Soto Area Council">De Soto Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del-Mar-Va_Council" title="Del-Mar-Va Council">Del-Mar-Va Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver Area Council">Denver Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Carolina_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="East Carolina Council">East Carolina Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="East Texas Area Council">East Texas Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Shores_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie Shores Council">Erie Shores Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangeline Area Council">Evangeline Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Far East Council">Far East Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Rivers_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Rivers Council">Five Rivers Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_River_Council" title="Flint River Council">Flint River Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Creek_Council" title="French Creek Council">French Creek Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamehaven_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamehaven Council">Gamehaven Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden State Council">Garden State Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway Area Council">Gateway Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Georgia_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Georgia Council">Coastal Georgia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia-Carolina_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia-Carolina Council">Georgia-Carolina Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier%27s_Edge_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacier's Edge Council">Glacier's Edge Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Empire_Council" title="Golden Empire Council">Golden Empire Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Spread_Council" title="Golden Spread Council">Golden Spread Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canyon Council">Grand Canyon Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Columbia_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Columbia Council">Grand Columbia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Teton Council">Grand Teton Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Alaska_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Alaska Council">Great Alaska Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rivers_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Rivers Council">Great Rivers Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake_Council" title="Great Salt Lake Council">Great Salt Lake Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountain_Council" title="Great Smoky Mountain Council">Great Smoky Mountain Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southwest_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Southwest Council">Great Southwest Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Trail_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Trail Council">Great Trail Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Alabama_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Alabama Council">Greater Alabama Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Cleveland Council">Greater Cleveland Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area_Council" title="Greater Los Angeles Area Council">Greater Los Angeles Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_New_York_Councils" title="Greater New York Councils">Greater New York Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Niagara_Frontier_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Niagara Frontier Council">Greater Niagara Frontier Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis_Area_Council" title="Greater St. Louis Area Council">Greater St. Louis Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tampa_Bay_Area_Council" title="Greater Tampa Bay Area Council">Greater Tampa Bay Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Western_Reserve_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Western Reserve Council">Greater Western Reserve Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yosemite_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yosemite Council">Greater Yosemite Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Mountain Council">Green Mountain Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Council_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Council (Boy Scouts of America)">Greenwich Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_Council" title="Gulf Coast Council">Gulf Coast Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream_Council" title="Gulf Stream Council">Gulf Stream Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_Mountain_Council" title="Hawk Mountain Council">Hawk Mountain Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawkeye Area Council">Hawkeye Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_America_Council" title="Heart of America Council">Heart of America Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_New_England_Council" title="Heart of New England Council">Heart of New England Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Ohio_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart of Ohio Council">Heart of Ohio Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Virginia_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart of Virginia Council">Heart of Virginia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoosier Trails Council">Hoosier Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson Valley Council">Hudson Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illowa_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Illowa Council">Illowa Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Nations_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Nations Council">Indian Nations Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Waters_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Waters Council">Indian Waters Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Northwest Council">Inland Northwest Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Trail_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Trail Council">Iroquois Trail Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrouma_Area_Council" title="Istrouma Area Council">Istrouma Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayhawk_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayhawk Area Council">Jayhawk Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore_Council" title="Jersey Shore Council">Jersey Shore Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniata_Valley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Juniata Valley Council">Juniata Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katahdin_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Katahdin Area Council">Katahdin Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="La Salle Council">La Salle Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas Area Council">Las Vegas Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Frontier_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Frontier Council">Last Frontier Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Highlands_Council" title="Laurel Highlands Council">Laurel Highlands Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_%26_Clark_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis & Clark Council">Lewis & Clark Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Heritage_Council" title="Lincoln Heritage Council">Lincoln Heritage Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Trails Council">Lincoln Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Area_Council" title="Long Beach Area Council">Long Beach Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhorn_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhorn Council">Longhorn Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhouse Council">Longhouse Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longs_Peak_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Longs Peak Council">Longs Peak Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Area_Council" title="Los Angeles Area Council">Los Angeles Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Padres_Council" title="Los Padres Council">Los Padres Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Purchase Council">Louisiana Purchase Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Marin Council">Marin Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason-Dixon_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason-Dixon Council">Mason-Dixon Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maui_County_Council_(BSA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maui County Council (BSA)">Maui County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Council" title="Mayflower Council">Mayflower Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecklenburg County Council">Mecklenburg County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Valley_Council" title="Miami Valley Council">Miami Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Crossroads_Council" title="Michigan Crossroads Council">Michigan Crossroads Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Field_Service_Council" title="Great Lakes Field Service Council">Great Lakes Field Service Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Gerald_R._Ford_Field_Service_Council" title="President Gerald R. Ford Field Service Council">President Gerald R. Ford Field Service Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Shores_Field_Service_Council" title="Southern Shores Field Service Council">Southern Shores Field Service Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_Woods_Field_Service_Council" title="Water and Woods Field Service Council">Water and Woods Field Service Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-America_Council" title="Mid-America Council">Mid-America Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Iowa_Council" title="Mid-Iowa Council">Mid-Iowa Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee_Council" title="Middle Tennessee Council">Middle Tennessee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Sun_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnight Sun Council">Midnight Sun Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsi_Trails_Council" title="Minsi Trails Council">Minsi Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Valley_Council" title="Mississippi Valley Council">Mississippi Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Area Council">Mobile Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Council" title="Monmouth Council">Monmouth Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Council">Montana Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraine_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Moraine Trails Council">Moraine Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baker_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Baker Council">Mount Baker Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineer_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountaineer Area Council">Mountaineer Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskingum_Valley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskingum Valley Council">Muskingum Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Council" title="Narragansett Council">Narragansett Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Area_Council" title="National Capital Area Council">National Capital Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeTseO_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="NeTseO Trails Council">NeTseO Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada Area Council">Nevada Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Birth_of_Freedom_Council" title="New Birth of Freedom Council">New Birth of Freedom Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Florida_Council" title="North Florida Council">North Florida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Georgia_Council" title="Northeast Georgia Council">Northeast Georgia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Illinois_Council" title="Northeast Illinois Council">Northeast Illinois Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Iowa_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Iowa Council">Northeast Iowa Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania_Council" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania Council">Northeastern Pennsylvania Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Lights Council">Northern Lights Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_New_Jersey_Council" title="Northern New Jersey Council">Northern New Jersey Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Star_Council" title="Northern Star Council">Northern Star Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Georgia_Council" title="Northwest Georgia Council">Northwest Georgia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Texas_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Texas Council">Northwest Texas Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwela_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwela Council">Norwela Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occoneechee_Council" title="Occoneechee Council">Occoneechee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Valley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio River Valley Council">Ohio River Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hickory_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Hickory Council">Old Hickory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_State_Council" title="Old North State Council">Old North State Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Council" title="Orange County Council">Orange County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore-Ida_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Ore-Ida Council">Ore-Ida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Trail Council">Oregon Trail Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otschodela_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Otschodela Council">Otschodela Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Overland Trails Council">Overland Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozark Trails Council">Ozark Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Harbors_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Harbors Council">Pacific Harbors Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Skyline_Council" title="Pacific Skyline Council">Pacific Skyline Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmetto_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmetto Council">Palmetto Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathway_to_Adventure_Council" title="Pathway to Adventure Council">Pathway to Adventure Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Path_Council" title="Patriots' Path Council">Patriots' Path Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pee_Dee_Area_Council" title="Pee Dee Area Council">Pee Dee Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Dutch Council">Pennsylvania Dutch Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Council_(California)" title="Piedmont Council (California)">Piedmont Council (California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Council_(North_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont Council (North Carolina)">Piedmont Council (North Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikes_Peak_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikes Peak Council">Pikes Peak Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Burr_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Burr Area Council">Pine Burr Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Tree_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Tree Council">Pine Tree Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pony Express Council">Pony Express Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_Area_Council" title="Potawatomi Area Council">Potawatomi Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairielands_Council" title="Prairielands Council">Prairielands Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico Council">Puerto Rico Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushmataha_Area_Council" title="Pushmataha Area Council">Pushmataha Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quapaw_Area_Council" title="Quapaw Area Council">Quapaw Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quivira_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Quivira Council">Quivira Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow Council">Rainbow Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_Empire_Council" title="Redwood Empire Council">Redwood Empire Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Trails Council">Revolutionary Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande Council">Rio Grande Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Rip Van Winkle Council">Rip Van Winkle Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Mountain Council">Rocky Mountain Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamore_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagamore Council">Sagamore Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Houston Area Council">Sam Houston Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoset_Council" title="Samoset Council">Samoset Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Bay Area Council">San Francisco Bay Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley_Council" title="San Gabriel Valley Council">San Gabriel Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Trail Council">Santa Fe Trail Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Waterways_Council" title="Seneca Waterways Council">Seneca Waterways Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Council" title="Sequoia Council">Sequoia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequoyah Council">Sequoyah Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenandoah Area Council">Shenandoah Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_Monterey_Bay_Council" title="Silicon Valley Monterey Bay Council">Silicon Valley Monterey Bay Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Council">Sioux Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake River Council">Snake River Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Florida_Council" title="South Florida Council">South Florida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Council" title="South Georgia Council">South Georgia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains_Council" title="South Plains Council">South Plains Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="South Texas Council">South Texas Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Louisiana_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Louisiana Council">Southeast Louisiana Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sierra_Council" title="Southern Sierra Council">Southern Sierra Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Florida_Council" title="Southwest Florida Council">Southwest Florida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Adventure_Council" title="Spirit of Adventure Council">Spirit of Adventure Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Headwaters_Council" title="Virginia Headwaters Council">Virginia Headwaters Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Council_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffolk County Council (Boy Scouts of America)">Suffolk County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Susquehanna Council">Susquehanna Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_River_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwannee River Area Council">Suwannee River Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecumseh Council">Tecumseh Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Southwest_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Southwest Council">Texas Southwest Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Trails_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Trails Council">Texas Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Council" title="Theodore Roosevelt Council">Theodore Roosevelt Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Fires_Council" title="Three Fires Council">Three Fires Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Harbors_Council" title="Three Harbors Council">Three Harbors Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Council_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Rivers Council (Texas)">Three Rivers Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_Council" title="Tidewater Council">Tidewater Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Transatlantic Council">Transatlantic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapper_Trails_Council" title="Trapper Trails Council">Trapper Trails Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukabatchee_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Tukabatchee Area Council">Tukabatchee Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscarora Council">Tuscarora Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Rivers_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Rivers Council">Twin Rivers Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Valley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Valley Council">Twin Valley Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_National_Parks_Council" title="Utah National Parks Council">Utah National Parks Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Council" title="Ventura County Council">Ventura County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdugo_Hills_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdugo Hills Council">Verdugo Hills Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Headwaters_Council" title="Virginia Headwaters Council">Virginia Headwaters Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyageurs Area Council">Voyageurs Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._D._Boyce_Council" title="W. D. Boyce Council">W. D. Boyce Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Council" title="Washington Crossing Council">Washington Crossing Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="West Tennessee Area Council">West Tennessee Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westark_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Westark Area Council">Westark Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester%E2%80%93Putnam_Council" title="Westchester–Putnam Council">Westchester–Putnam Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Colorado_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Colorado Council">Western Colorado Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Los_Angeles_County_Council" title="Western Los Angeles County Council">Western Los Angeles County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Massachusetts Council">Western Massachusetts Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland-Fayette_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmoreland-Fayette Council">Westmoreland-Fayette Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Council" title="Winnebago Council">Winnebago Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yocona_Area_Council" title="Yocona Area Council">Yocona Area Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucca Council">Yucca Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Service">Direct Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC;"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Adventure_Bases_of_the_Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="High Adventure Bases of the Boy Scouts of America">High Adventure Bases of the Boy Scouts of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tier_High_Adventure_Bases" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Tier High Adventure Bases">Northern Tier High Adventure Bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_National_High_Adventure_Sea_Base" title="Florida National High Adventure Sea Base">Florida National High Adventure Sea Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philmont_Scout_Ranch" title="Philmont Scout Ranch">Philmont Scout Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Bechtel_Reserve" title="Summit Bechtel Reserve">The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scouting_Museum" title="National Scouting Museum">National Scouting Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Texas" title="Scouting in Texas">BSA National Headquarters in Irving, Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Scouting_and_Guiding_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scouting" title="Template:Scouting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scouting" title="Template talk:Scouting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scouting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scouting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Scouting_and_Guiding_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/18px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/27px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png 1.5x, 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Promise">Scout Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Motto" title="Scout Motto">Scout Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Badge" title="Wood Badge">Wood Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Guides" title="Girl Guides">Girl Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamboree" title="Jamboree">Jamboree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Scout_Jamboree" title="World Scout Jamboree">World Scout Jamboree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Scout_Moot" title="World Scout Moot">World Scout Moot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_leader" title="Scout leader">Scout Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aligned_Scouting_and_Scout-like_organisations" title="Non-aligned Scouting and Scout-like organisations">Non-aligned organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_controversy_and_conflict" title="Scouting controversy and conflict">Scouting controversy and conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Scouting" title="Traditional Scouting">Traditional Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_popular_culture" title="Scouting in popular culture">Scouting in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scouts" title="List of Scouts">List of Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_awards_in_Scouting" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest awards in Scouting">List of highest awards in Scouting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;width:1%">Sections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_groups_in_Scouting_and_Guiding" title="Age groups in Scouting and Guiding">Age groups in Scouting and Guiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beavers_(Scouting)" title="Beavers (Scouting)">Beavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cub_Scout" title="Cub Scout">Cub Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(Scouting)" title="Scout (Scouting)">Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venturer_Scout" title="Venturer Scout">Venture Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Scout" title="Rover Scout">Rover Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbows_(Girl_Guides)" title="Rainbows (Girl Guides)">Rainbow Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownies_(Scouting)" title="Brownies (Scouting)">Brownie Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Guiding_and_Girl_Scouting" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting">Girl Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_(Girl_Guide)" title="Ranger (Girl Guide)">Ranger Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Scout" title="Air Scout">Air Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extension_Scouting" title="Extension Scouting">Extension Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Scouts" title="Lone Scouts">Lone Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Guides" title="Lone Guides">Lone Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Scout" title="Sea Scout">Sea Scout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Scouting_pioneers" title="Category:Scouting pioneers">Pioneers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baden-Powell,_1st_Baron_Baden-Powell" title="Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell">Robert Baden-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olave_Baden-Powell" title="Olave Baden-Powell">Olave Baden-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Baden-Powell" title="Agnes Baden-Powell">Agnes Baden-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carter_Beard" title="Daniel Carter Beard">Daniel Carter Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Russell_Burnham" title="Frederick Russell Burnham">Frederick Russell Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrie_Dring" title="Lawrie Dring">Lawrie Dring</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Grylls" title="Bear Grylls">Bear Grylls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hillcourt" title="William Hillcourt">William Hillcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Nagy_(Scouting)" title="László Nagy (Scouting)">László Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thompson_Seton" title="Ernest Thompson Seton">Ernest Thompson Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Sevin" title="Jacques Sevin">Jacques Sevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Fletcher-Vane,_5th_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Fletcher-Vane, 5th Baronet">Francis Fletcher-Vane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Wilson" title="J. S. Wilson">J. S. Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden-Powell_House" title="Baden-Powell House">Baden-Powell House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsea_Island_Scout_camp" title="Brownsea Island Scout camp">Brownsea Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Macy_Conference_Center" title="Edith Macy Conference Center">Edith Macy Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxlease" title="Foxlease">Foxlease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilwell_Park" title="Gilwell Park">Gilwell Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandersteg_International_Scout_Centre" title="Kandersteg International Scout Centre">Kandersteg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Hill" title="Pax Hill">Pax Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philmont_Scout_Ranch" title="Philmont Scout Ranch">Philmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scouting_memorials" title="List of Scouting memorials">Scouting memorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden-Powell_grave" title="Baden-Powell grave">Baden-Powell grave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_museums" title="Scouting museums">Scouting museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Centre_(WAGGGS)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Centre (WAGGGS)">WAGGGS World Centres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kusafiri" title="Kusafiri">Kusafiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Caba%C3%B1a" title="Nuestra Cabaña">Nuestra Cabaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Chalet" title="Our Chalet">Our Chalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Lodge" title="Pax Lodge">Pax Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangam_World_Centre" title="Sangam World Centre">Sangam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;width:1%">International<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_European_Scouts" title="Confederation of European Scouts">Confederation of European Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">International Catholic Conference of Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Guides_and_Scouts_of_Europe" title="International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe">International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Scout_and_Guide_Fellowship" title="International Scout and Guide Fellowship">International Scout and Guide Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_World_Scouts" title="Order of World Scouts">Order of World Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Girl_Guides_and_Girl_Scouts" title="World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts">World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Independent_Scouts" title="World Federation of Independent Scouts">World Federation of Independent Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Organization_of_Independent_Scouts" title="World Organization of Independent Scouts">World Organization of Independent Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Organization_of_the_Scout_Movement" title="World Organization of the Scout Movement">World Organization of the Scout Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-P%27s_footprint" title="B-P's footprint">B-P's footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ging_Gang_Goolie" title="Ging Gang Goolie">Ging Gang Goolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Scouting_Collectors_Association" title="International Scouting Collectors Association">International Scouting Collectors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_Scout_groups" title="List of the oldest Scout groups">Oldest Scout groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Outdoor Code">Outdoor Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave_No_Trace" title="Leave No Trace">Leave No Trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scouting" title="Religion in Scouting">Religion in Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_handshake" title="Scout handshake">Scout handshake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_prayers" title="Scout prayers">Scout prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_sign_and_salute" title="Scout sign and salute">Scout sign and salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Spirit" title="Scout Spirit">Scout Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_memorabilia_collecting" title="Scouting memorabilia collecting">Scouting memorabilia collecting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Girls_Can_Help_to_Build_Up_the_Empire" title="How Girls Can Help to Build Up the Empire">The Handbook for Girl Guides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hackney_Scout_Song_Book" title="The Hackney Scout Song Book">The Hackney Scout Song Book</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_and_Scouting" title="The Jungle Book and Scouting"><i>The Jungle Book</i> and Scouting</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_Cub%27s_Handbook" title="The Wolf Cub's Handbook">The Wolf Cub's Handbook</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICES_(Scouting)" title="SPICES (Scouting)">SPICES</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Scout_Around_the_World" title="A Boy Scout Around the World">A Boy Scout Around the World</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Scout_Emblem" title="World Scout Emblem">World Scout Emblem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/15px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/23px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg/30px-WikiProject_Scouting_fleur-de-lis_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scouting" title="Portal:Scouting">Scouting portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582476#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121325873">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51660810">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/44256/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgmMQRvCJPjxDH3PWxVYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118528459">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79119416">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12205246v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12205246v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Eastman, Charles Alexander"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV023356">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35109391">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001950&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1019656">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1277522">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p27338855X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90191557">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000167131&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000408447&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200006659">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr5778fc2g171jt">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810665077305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275564205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14219620">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08440743?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0c35f5cf-0073-4b54-94af-1e520623da82">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/829350">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118528459">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079692222">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6698dv0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&oldid=1248539885">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Eastman&oldid=1248539885</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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