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skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Класификация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Класификация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Класификация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Класификация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Броненосно_корабостроене" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Броненосно_корабостроене"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Броненосно корабостроене</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Броненосно_корабостроене-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Изисквания_към_казематите" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Изисквания_към_казематите"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Изисквания към казематите</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Изисквания_към_казематите-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Съдържание" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Каземат</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 41 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%85%D9%86" title="مكمن – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazamat" title="Qazamat – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazamat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Каземат – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каземат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Казэмат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казэмат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamata" title="Casamata – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Casamata" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasematy" title="Kasematy – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kasematy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Каземат – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Каземат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasemat" title="Kasemat – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasemat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasematte" title="Kasematte – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasematte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Casemate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazemato" title="Kazemato – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazemato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamata" title="Casamata – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casamata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasematt" title="Kasematt – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasematt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasamata" title="Kasamata – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kasamata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE" title="سنگرتوپ – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگرتوپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasematti" title="Kasematti – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasematti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Casemate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazemat" title="Kazemat – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kazemat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חומת סוגרים – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומת סוגרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazamat" title="Kazamat – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazamat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazamata" title="Kazamata – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazamata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasemat" title="Kasemat – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kasemat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazemato" title="Kazemato – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kazemato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamatta" title="Casamatta – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casamatta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B2%E9%83%AD" title="砲郭 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="砲郭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Каземат – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каземат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EA%B3%BD" title="포곽 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포곽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Каземат – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каземат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazematas" title="Kazematas – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazematas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubu_kekubah" title="Kubu kekubah – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kubu kekubah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazemat" title="Kazemat – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazemat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasematt" title="Kasematt – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kasematt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazamata_(architektura)" title="Kazamata (architektura) – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazamata (architektura)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamata" title="Casamata – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casamata" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazemat%C4%83" title="Cazemată – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cazemată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Каземат – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каземат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazemata" title="Kazemata – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazemata" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Казамат (фортификација) – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казамат (фортификација)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasematt" title="Kasematt – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kasematt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazamat" title="Kazamat – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazamat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Каземат – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каземат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q89521#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><p><b>Каземат</b> или <b>каземат(ира)но помещение</b> (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френски</a>: <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">casemate</span>, от на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Италиански език">италиански</a>: <span lang="it" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">casamatta букв. „сляпо (невидимо) укрепление, здание“, от <i>casa</i> „дом, къща“ + <i>matta</i> „луд, побъркан; също и матов, затъмнен“</span>) е военен термин с няколко значения: </p> <ul><li>отделно вътрешно помещение в укрепено фортификационно съоръжение (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Крепост">крепост</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Форт">форт</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Дълговременно огнево съоръжение">ДОТ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Батарея">батарея</a> и т.н.), защитено от вражески артилерийски огън и бомбардировка, служещо за разполагане на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гарнизон">гарнизона</a>, складове с боеприпаси, продоволствие и т.н., понякога и на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Оръжие">въоръжение</a>;</li> <li>защитено помещение на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Броненосец">броненосен кораб</a> за разполагане на артилерийски оръдия (остар.);</li> <li>килии в крепост за затвор.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Armoured_cruiser.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Armoured_cruiser.png/160px-Armoured_cruiser.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Armoured_cruiser.png 1.5x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>Артилерийски каземат на бронепалубен крайцер</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Класификация"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Класификация</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Класификация" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Класификация"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Според функционалното си предназначение казематите се делят на <b>охранителни</b> и <b>отбранителни</b>. Първите служат като охранявано помещение за съхраняване на огнестрелно оръжие, барутни складове, снарядни и зарядни <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Погреб за боеприпаси">погреби</a>, продоволствени магазини и складове, както и за жилищни помещения на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гарнизон">гарнизона</a> (отделни казематирани <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Казарма">казарми</a>), също и за комуникация (<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вторична порта">потерни</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Врата">врати</a>); вторите са предназначени за закрито (защитено) поставяне на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Оръдие">оръдия</a> и стрелци с отбранителни цели (оръдейни каземати или стрелкови галерии). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Броненосно_корабостроене"><span id=".D0.91.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.BE_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Броненосно корабостроене</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Броненосно корабостроене" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Броненосно корабостроене"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Казематът на бойния кораб от 19 – 20 век е затворено бронирано помещение, предназначено за защитено поставяне на едно или няколко <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Оръдие">оръдия</a>, който стрелят през оръдейни <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Амбразура">амбразури</a>. </p><p>Исторически казематите се появяват на броненосните кораби като развитие на традиционната оръдейна <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Палуба">палуба</a>. С развитието на бронирането става ясно, че големите батареи с няколко десетки сравнително леки оръдия са безполезни срещу броненосците. За да бъде пробита тяхната броня, са необходими най-мощните и тежки оръдия, които (заради техните размери и тегло) могат да бъдат поставени на кораба само в няколко бройки. Съответствено дългата оръдейна палуба, простираща се почти по цялата дължина на корпуса, вече не е необходима. Тя може да се съкрати до сравнително неголямо, защитено от всички страни помещение в центъра на корпуса, като по този начин да се спести и тегло от необходимото брониране. </p><p>Първите броненосци с казематирана батарея са създадени по време на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Американска гражданска война">Гражданската война в Америка</a>. Първият мореходен броненосец с казематирана батарея е построен <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> – <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> г. от северните щати – USS „Ню Айронсайдс“; той имал пълен <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Брониран пояс">брониран пояс</a> по водолинията и сравнително къса, закрита от всички страни с броня казематирана батарея в центъра на корпуса. Краищата на корпуса над пояса не са защитени с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Корабна броня">броня</a>, тъй като не се смятали за жизненоважни за кораба. </p><p>По-нататък всички флотове в света преминават към строителство на казематни броненосци и този тип кораби доминирал към <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>-те. Постепенно артилерийският каземат от вписан в обводите на борда (контур на борда) започнал да напуска техните предели и да излиза над тях – за да могат крайните оръдия на каземата да водят преследваща или ретирадна (при отстъпление) стрелба съответно. </p><p>През 1880-те с появата на по-ефективните кулни и барбетни оръдейни установки с широк ъгъл на стрелба, а също и с развитието на тежката артилерия (появата на оръдия, които тежат десетки тонове са просто неудобни за казематирано поставяне), тежкото въоръжение на корабите престава да се поставя в каземати. Казематите обаче запазват ролята си на евтино и ефективно средство за защита на спомагателните оръдия – скорострелната и противоминната артилерия. В тази си роля казематите се запазват почти до края на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Първата световна война">Първата световна война</a>, когато увеличените дистанции на боя и нарасналата потребност от универсална артилерия (можеща да изпълнява ролята, както на противоминна, така и на зенитна) и съответното изискване за механизация на стрелбата довеждат до това, че вече и спомагателните оръдия започват да се поставят в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Оръдеен купол">кули</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Изисквания_към_казематите"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BA.D1.8A.D0.BC_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5"></span>Изисквания към казематите</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Изисквания към казематите" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Изисквания към казематите"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бойните условия, в които се използват казематите, изискват това, че и най-силните бомби, които употребява противника при обсадата, да не могат да проникнат вътре в крепостта. Преди за изпълнението на тази задача са били достатъчни каземати, направени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кирпич">кирпич</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Цимент">цимент</a>, които имат стени и таван дебели до 4 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82" title="Фут">фута</a> (1,22 m)<sup id="cite_ref-calc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> и до 10 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82" title="Фут">фута</a> (3,05 m) пръст на тавана. Съвременните най-тежки снаряди на обсадната артилерия, а именно 8 и 9 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Дюйм">дюймовите</a> (20,32 и 22,86 cm)<sup id="cite_ref-calc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> бомби (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Торпедо">торпеда</a>) (изстреляни от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мортира">мортирите</a>), съдържащи от 40 до 60 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фунт">Фунта</a> (16,38 – 24,57 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-calc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> пироксилин или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Тринитрофенол">мелинит</a>, пробиват такива каземати до долу. За да се неуязвими казематите и при съвременните средства за поражение, материал за тяхното строителство следва да бъде <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон">бетонът</a>. Изискванията за здравина и устойчивост към тях определят и тяхното устройство. Покритието на каземата може да бъде сводно или плоско и в този, и в другия случай бетона следва да се постави като плътен слой, без каквито и да било междинни слоеве от какъвто и да било друг материал. </p><p>Дебелината на покрива зависи най-вече от това може ли да се постави отгоре на покрива слой пръст; за безопасен слой земя против бомби (торпеда) се смята 18 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%82" title="Фут">фута</a> (5,50 m), а против две попадения на едно и също място – 24 фута (7,32 m). При такъв мощен слой земя сводът може да бъде 4 фт. (1,22 m); при 18 фт. – от 6,5 – 7 фт. (1,98 – 2,14 m); при 12 фт. (3,66 m) – от 8 – 10 фт.(2,44 – 3,08 m). Това е максималната дебелина на свода: за най-голяма пробивност на бомбите се смята 12 фт. При по-малък слой земя, макар и бомбите да достигат слоя бетон и да се взривяват на него, над тях няма да има голяма маса и заради това действието им ще се намалява. Слой от 4 фт. не играе никаква роля и само намалява летенето на осколките. При такъв слой земя или съвсем без него бетонният свод може да има от 6 до 8 фт. (от 1,83 до 2,44 m) дебелина. Тези или другите цифри в указаните предели зависят от важността и значението на постройката, а също и от величината на целта и величината на летеж на снаряда. Формата на тавана за предпочитане е да бъде полуциркулярна. Дебелината на междинните опорни стени (които могат да бъдат и тухлени) зависи от величината на пространството на каземата и се колебае от 4 до 6 фт.; крайните опорни стени се правят не по-малки от 6 фт. Що се отнася до лицевите стени, то те никога не следва да бъдат поставяни под обстрел; и тогава могат да бъдат направени 4 фт., а в противен случай (даже и от коси попадения) се правят 7 фт. (2,14 m). Тилните стени се правят като крайните опорни; при тях е полезно също да има насип отгоре. Вътрешните прегради следва да са 3 фт. (0,92 m) дебели. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Фундамент">Фундаментът</a> следва да е или не по-малко от 12 фт. дълбок или обикновено дълбок, но подсилен с хоризонтално разположени бетонни основи, дебели 3 – 4 фт. Вратите, прозорците и всички отвори следва да са покрити с херметични бронирани железни капаци, за да не се допуска проникването навътре на отровните газове вследствие на взривовете на бомбите, които могат да убият всички намиращи се вътре в каземата. Още по-добре е тези отвори (особено входните) да се подсигурят от непосредствения удар на газовете със специални заслони и проходни подстъпи. Плоските покрития са употребявани по-рядко и представляват редици железни греди (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Бимс">бимс</a>), понякога двуредови (горния ред – накръст), покрити със съответния слой бетон (4 – 6 фт. (1,22 – 1,83 м) дебелина). Казематите дават пълно осигуряване на най-важните за отбраната точки, започват да играят главната роля едва в началото на XX век, тъй като преди това атакуващият няма средства за успешно балистично поразяване. Въпреки това казематите са използвани още от дълбока древност, например казематните постройки на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Картаген">Картаген</a> (за 300 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Слон">слона</a>, 4 хил. коня и 24 хил. души.) Понастоящем наличието на безопасни от бомби каземати в дълговременните укрепления се явява условие за самото им съществуване; без такива каземати дълговременното укрепление губи своя смисъл и значение<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Malta_StLucian_six.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Каземата „Кулата на св. Лукиан“, Малта"><img alt="Каземата „Кулата на св. Лукиан“, Малта" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Malta_StLucian_six.jpg/120px-Malta_StLucian_six.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Malta_StLucian_six.jpg/180px-Malta_StLucian_six.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Malta_StLucian_six.jpg/240px-Malta_StLucian_six.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Каземата „Кулата на св. Лукиан“, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта">Малта</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Каземат с 5 дюймово (127 mm) оръдие на линейния кораб USS North Dakota (BB-29)"><img alt="Каземат с 5 дюймово (127 mm) оръдие на линейния кораб USS North Dakota (BB-29)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg/120px-Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg/180px-Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg/240px-Casemate_USS_North_Dakota_LOC_09527u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Каземат с 5 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Дюйм">дюймово</a> (127 mm) оръдие на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Линеен кораб">линейния кораб</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1,_1908)" title="Норт Дакота (линеен кораб, 1908)">USS North Dakota (BB-29)</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Оръдеен каземат на Линията Мажино"><img alt="Оръдеен каземат на Линията Мажино" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg/120px-LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg/180px-LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg/240px-LigneMaginot7531CasInt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Оръдеен каземат на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Линия Мажино">Линията Мажино</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Барутните погреби на форта „Великий Княз Константин“"><img alt="Барутните погреби на форта „Великий Княз Константин“" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG/120px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG/180px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG/240px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Барутните погреби на форта „Великий Княз Константин“</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Image-Section_post_(partial),_Cayton_Bay_(interior).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Стрелкова галерея (вид отвътре), Кейтон Бей, Англия"><img alt="Стрелкова галерея (вид отвътре), Кейтон Бей, Англия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Image-Section_post_%28partial%29%2C_Cayton_Bay_%28interior%29.JPG/120px-Image-Section_post_%28partial%29%2C_Cayton_Bay_%28interior%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Image-Section_post_%28partial%29%2C_Cayton_Bay_%28interior%29.JPG/180px-Image-Section_post_%28partial%29%2C_Cayton_Bay_%28interior%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Image-Section_post_%28partial%29%2C_Cayton_Bay_%28interior%29.JPG/240px-Image-Section_post_%28partial%29%2C_Cayton_Bay_%28interior%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Стрелкова галерея (вид отвътре), Кейтон Бей, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия">Англия</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Артилерийски каземат на линейния кораб USS Texas (BB-35)"><img alt="Артилерийски каземат на линейния кораб USS Texas (BB-35)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg/120px-USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg/180px-USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg/240px-USS_Texas_BB-35_aircastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Артилерийски каземат на линейния кораб <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1,_1912)" title="Тексас (линеен кораб, 1912)">USS Texas (BB-35)</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19em; padding-top:5px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: #cdd3db"> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Nuvola_apps_kview.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_kview.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Nuvola_apps_kview.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_kview.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Nuvola_apps_kview.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_kview.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> Външни снимки </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.su/gallery/02/beggrov/01.jpg">Оръдеен каземат на фрегатата „Ослябя“</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-calc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-calc_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calc_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calc_1-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Тук и нататък се предполага използването на руската мерна система.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Казематы // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона: в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). – СПб., 1890 – 1907</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="noprint plainlinks" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 2px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top:5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Общомедия"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption>Общомедия</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left:40px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a> разполага с мултимедийно съдържание за <div class="interProject"><i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Casemates?uselang=bg">Каземат</a></b></i>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12503243">.mw-parser-output .div-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .div-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .div-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .div-columns ul,.mw-parser-output .div-columns table{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-columns dt,.mw-parser-output .div-columns dd,.mw-parser-output .div-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .div-columns h1,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h2,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h3,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h4,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h5,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h6{column-span:all}.mw-parser-output .div-col{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}</style><div class="div-columns" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Амбразура">Амбразура</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Батарея">Артилерийска батарея</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Оръдеен купол">Кула</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Блиндаж">Блиндаж</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бункер">Бункер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Дълговременно огнево съоръжение">ДОТ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ДЗОТ">ДЗОТ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Спонсон">Спонсон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турелна установка">Турелна установка</a></li></ul></div> <table cellspacing="2" style="clear:both; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit; border:1px dotted var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding:.3em; margin-top:.8em; margin-bottom:.5em; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="90px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/60px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/90px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/120px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="Лиценз за свободна документация на ГНУ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-style:italic">Тази страница частично или изцяло представлява <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Уикипедия:Превод">превод</a> на страницата <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Permalink/71119112" class="extiw" title="ru:Special:Permalink/71119112">„Каземат“</a> в Уикипедия на руски. Оригиналният текст, както и този превод, са защитени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс">Лиценза „Криейтив Комънс – Признание – Споделяне на споделеното“</a>, а за съдържание, създадено преди юни 2009 година – от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="Лиценз за свободна документация на ГНУ">Лиценза за свободна документация на ГНУ</a>. Прегледайте <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PageHistory/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Special:PageHistory/Каземат">историята на редакциите</a> на оригиналната страница, както и на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:PageHistory/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Специални:PageHistory/Каземат">преводната страница</a>, за да видите списъка на съавторите.  <p><b>ВАЖНО:</b> Този шаблон се отнася единствено до <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%90%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="У:АП">авторските права</a> върху съдържанието на статията. Добавянето му не отменя изискването да се посочват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%A6%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="У:ЦИ">конкретни източници на твърденията</a>, които да бъдат <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%91%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="У:БИ">благонадеждни</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#C1CDCD;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шаблон:Фортификация"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";background:#C1CDCD;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" 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href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Античност">Античност</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абатис (страницата не съществува)">Абатис</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Корал (фортификация) (страницата не съществува)">Корал</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Валум (страницата не съществува)">Валум</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вълча яма (страницата не съществува)">Вълча яма</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Отбранителна стена">Отбранителна стена</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ров">Изкоп</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Каструм">Каструм</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Краног (страницата не съществува)">Краног</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Крепост">Крепост</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a 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<a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Цитадела">Цитадела</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C1CDCD;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ранно ново време (страницата не съществува)">Ранно ново време</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бастион">Бастион</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Блокхаус (страницата не съществува)">Блокхаус</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a 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