CINXE.COM

J.P. Morgan & Co. - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8b76cfec-279d-4373-ac76-2705812c7b77","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"J.P._Morgan_\u0026_Co.","wgTitle":"J.P. Morgan \u0026 Co.","wgCurRevisionId":1247635180,"wgRevisionId":1247635180,"wgArticleId":1752781,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from January 2015","JPMorgan Chase","House of Morgan","History of banking","Former investment banks of the United States","American companies established in 1871", "Financial services companies established in 1871","Banks established in 1871","Financial services companies disestablished in 2000","Banks disestablished in 2000","20th century in New York City","Hedge fund firms in New York City","Hedge fund firms of the United States","Investment companies based in New York City","1871 establishments in New York (state)","2000 disestablishments in New York (state)","Primary dealers"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"J.P._Morgan_\u0026_Co.","wgRelevantArticleId":1752781,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en" },"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2633403","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co."> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co."> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-J_P_Morgan_Co rootpage-J_P_Morgan_Co skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=J.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=J.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=J.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=J.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Morgan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Morgan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>House of Morgan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Morgan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing_of_Allied_bonds_during_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing_of_Allied_bonds_during_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Financing of Allied bonds during World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing_of_Allied_bonds_during_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glass–Steagall_Act_and_Morgan_Stanley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glass–Steagall_Act_and_Morgan_Stanley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Glass–Steagall Act and Morgan Stanley</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glass–Steagall_Act_and_Morgan_Stanley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morgan_Guaranty_Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morgan_Guaranty_Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Morgan Guaranty Trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morgan_Guaranty_Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Return of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-JPMorgan_Chase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JPMorgan_Chase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>JPMorgan Chase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JPMorgan_Chase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Chairman_and_CEOs_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Chairman_and_CEOs_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of Chairman and CEOs of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_Chairman_and_CEOs_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co.-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of Chairman and CEOs of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_Chairman_and_CEOs_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Board_of_Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman_of_the_Board_of_Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chairman of the Board of Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Board_of_Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairman_and_CEOs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman_and_CEOs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chairman and CEOs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman_and_CEOs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE." title="Джей Пи Морган и Ко. – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джей Пи Морган и Ко." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C._%D9%BE%DB%8C._%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88." title="جی. پی. مورگان اند کو. – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جی. پی. مورگان اند کو." data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP_Morgan_banklari" title="JP Morgan banklari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="JP Morgan banklari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP_Morgan_%26_Co." title="JP Morgan &amp; Co. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="JP Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="J.P. Morgan &amp; Co." data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%92_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جے پی مورگن اینڈ کمپنی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جے پی مورگن اینڈ کمپنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="J·P·摩根公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="J·P·摩根公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2633403#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co."><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co."><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;oldid=1247635180" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;id=1247635180&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJ.P._Morgan_%2526_Co."><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJ.P._Morgan_%2526_Co."><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2633403" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. commercial and investment banking company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"House of Morgan" redirects here. For the building, see <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>. For the Welsh dynasty descended from Morgan Hen, see <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Morgannwg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Morgannwg">kings of Morgannwg</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg/220px-J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg/330px-J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg/440px-J_P_Morgan_Logo_2008_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="21" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banking</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">Private banking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1871<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;153&#160;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1871</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Drexel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Drexel">Anthony Drexel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">296,000 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpmorgan.com">www<wbr />.jpmorgan<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</b> is an American financial institution specialized in <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">asset management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a> founded by financier <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a> in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks" title="List of largest banks">largest banking institutions</a> in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "<a href="#House_of_Morgan">House of Morgan</a>" or simply Morgan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial banking</a>, before a merger with <a href="/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Manhattan Bank">Chase Manhattan Bank</a> led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg/220px-23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg/330px-23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg/440px-23_Wall_Street_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1893" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>, former headquarters of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the firm date back to 1854 when <a href="/wiki/Junius_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Junius S. Morgan">Junius S. Morgan</a> joined <a href="/wiki/George_Peabody_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="George Peabody &amp; Co.">George Peabody &amp; Co.</a> (which became <a href="/wiki/Peabody,_Morgan_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody, Morgan &amp; Co.">Peabody, Morgan &amp; Co.</a>), a London-based banking business headed by <a href="/wiki/George_Peabody" title="George Peabody">George Peabody</a>. Junius took control of the firm, changing its name to <a href="/wiki/J.S._Morgan_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="J.S. Morgan &amp; Co.">J.S. Morgan &amp; Co.</a> in 1864 on Peabody's retirement. Junius's son, <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">J. Pierpont Morgan</a>, first apprenticed at Duncan, Sherman, and Company in New York City, then founded his own firm with a cousin, J. Pierpont Morgan &amp; Company, in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> J. Pierpont Morgan &amp; Company traded in government bonds and foreign exchange. It also acted as an agent for Peabody's. Junius, however, considered some of Pierpont's ventures to be highly speculative. Therefore, Pierpont took on Charles H. Dabney (a connection established when Pierpont was sent to <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">the Azores</a> as a child) as a senior partner, and the firm was known first as Dabney, Morgan, and Company (beginning in 1864) and then "Drexel, Morgan &amp; Co." (in 1871). In those firms, Pierpont used his Peabody connection to bring British financial capital together with the rapidly-growing U.S. industrial firms, such as railroads, which needed capital.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Drexel of Drexel, Morgan &amp; Co. was Philadelphia banker <a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Drexel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony J. Drexel">Anthony J. Drexel</a>, founder of what is now <a href="/wiki/Drexel_University" title="Drexel University">Drexel University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Morgan">House of Morgan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: House of Morgan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Junius's death in 1890, Pierpont Morgan took his place at J.S. Morgan and Company. After Drexel's death, Drexel, Morgan reorganized in 1895 and became J.P. Morgan and Company.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It financed the formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Steel Corporation">United States Steel Corporation</a>, which took over the business of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> and others and was the world's first billion-dollar corporation. In 1895, it supplied the United States government with $62 million in <a href="/wiki/Gold#Monetary_exchange" title="Gold">gold</a> to float a bond issue and restore the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">treasury</a> surplus of $100 million. In 1892, the company began to finance the <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_Haven,_and_Hartford_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad">New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad</a> and led it through a series of acquisitions, which made it the dominant railroad transporter in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. In 1905 a close alliance was formed with the banking house of J. P. Morgan &amp; Co., New York, for joint action in international finance and issue operations, particularly the absorption of American securities by German investors with the <a href="/wiki/Dresdner_Bank" title="Dresdner Bank">Dresdner Bank</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallstreetbmb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wallstreetbmb.jpg/220px-Wallstreetbmb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wallstreetbmb.jpg/330px-Wallstreetbmb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wallstreetbmb.jpg/440px-Wallstreetbmb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing" title="Wall Street bombing">Wall Street bombing</a> September 16, 1920: a bomb exploded in front of the headquarters of J.P. Morgan Inc. at <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>, injuring 400 and killing 38 people.</figcaption></figure> <p>Built in 1914, <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a> was known as "The Corner" and "The House of Morgan". At noon, on September 16, 1920, an anarchist bomb exploded in front of the bank, killing 38 and injuring 400. Shortly before the bomb went off, an unknown person placed a warning note in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and Broadway. The warning read: "Remember we will not tolerate any longer. Free the political prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. American Anarchists Fighters." While theories abound about who was behind the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing" title="Wall Street bombing">Wall Street bombing</a> and why they did it, after twenty years of investigation the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> rendered the file inactive in 1940 without ever finding the perpetrators. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing_of_Allied_bonds_during_World_War_I">Financing of Allied bonds during World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Financing of Allied bonds during World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1914, <a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Davison" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry P. Davison">Henry P. Davison</a>, a Morgan partner, traveled to London and made a deal with the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> to make J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. the sole underwriter of <a href="/wiki/War_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="War bonds">war bonds</a> for <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The Bank of England became a fiscal agent of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. and <i>vice versa</i>. Over the course of the war, J.P. Morgan loaned about $1.5 billion (approximately $45.63 billion in today's dollars) to the Allies to fight against the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-wolff_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolff-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">&#58;&#8202;63&#8202;</span></sup> The company also invested in the suppliers of war equipment to Britain and France, thus profiting from the financing and purchasing activities of the two European governments. </p><p>During the early 1920s, J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. was active in promoting banks in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern hemisphere">southern hemisphere</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Central_and_South_America" title="Bank of Central and South America">Bank of Central and South America</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glass–Steagall_Act_and_Morgan_Stanley"><span id="Glass.E2.80.93Steagall_Act_and_Morgan_Stanley"></span>Glass–Steagall Act and Morgan Stanley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Glass–Steagall Act and Morgan Stanley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a> forced J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. to separate its <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment banking</a> from its <a href="/wiki/Commercial_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial banking">commercial banking</a> operations. J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. chose to operate as a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial bank</a> because after the stock market crash of 1929, investment banking was in some disrepute and commercial lending was perceived to be the more profitable and prestigious business. Also, many within J.P. Morgan believed that a change in the political climate would allow the company to resume its securities businesses but that it would be nearly impossible to reconstitute the bank if it were disassembled. </p><p>In 1935, after being barred from the securities business for over a year, the heads of J.P. Morgan made the decision to spin off its investment banking operations. Two J.P. Morgan partners, <a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry S. Morgan">Henry S. Morgan</a> (son of Jack Morgan and grandson of <a href="/wiki/J._Pierpont_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Pierpont Morgan">J. Pierpont Morgan</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Stanley" title="Harold Stanley">Harold Stanley</a>, founded <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a> on September 16, 1935, with $6.6 million of nonvoting preferred stock from J.P. Morgan partners. At the beginning, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>'s headquarters were at 2 Wall Street, just down the street from J.P. Morgan, and Morgan Stanley bankers routinely used <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a> in closing transactions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morgan_Guaranty_Trust">Morgan Guaranty Trust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Morgan Guaranty Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png/220px-Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png/330px-Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png/440px-Morgan_Guaranty_1976_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="56" /></a><figcaption>Morgan Guaranty logo c. 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>In the years following the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spin-off</a> of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>, the securities business proved robust, while the parent firm, which was incorporated in 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was less profitable. By the 1950s, J.P. Morgan was only a mid-sized bank. To bolster its position, in 1959, J.P. Morgan merged with the Guaranty Trust Company of New York to form the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. The two banks already had numerous relationships between them and had complementary characteristics as J.P. Morgan brought a prestigious name and high-quality clients and bankers while Guaranty Trust brought a significant amount of capital. Although Guaranty Trust was nearly four times the size of J.P. Morgan at the time of the merger in 1959, J.P. Morgan was considered the buyer and nominal survivor and former J.P. Morgan employees were the primary managers of the merged company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co."><span id="Return_of_J.P._Morgan_.26_Co."></span>Return of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Return of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JP_Morgan_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/JP_Morgan_logo.jpg/175px-JP_Morgan_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/JP_Morgan_logo.jpg/263px-JP_Morgan_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/JP_Morgan_logo.jpg/350px-JP_Morgan_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="102" /></a><figcaption>J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. logo prior to its merger with Chase Manhattan Bank in 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>Ten years after the merger, Morgan Guaranty established a <a href="/wiki/Bank_holding_company" title="Bank holding company">bank holding company</a> called J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. Incorporated, but continued to operate as Morgan Guaranty through the 1980s before beginning to migrate back to use of the J.P. Morgan brand. In 1988, the company once again began operating exclusively as J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. </p><p>Also in the 1980s, J.P. Morgan along with other commercial banks pushed the envelope of product offerings toward investment banking, beginning with the issuance of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_paper" title="Commercial paper">commercial paper</a>. In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> permitted J.P. Morgan to be the first commercial bank to underwrite a corporate debt offering.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, J.P. Morgan moved quickly to rebuild its investment banking operations and by the late 1990s would emerge as a top-five player in securities underwriting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JPMorgan_Chase">JPMorgan Chase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: JPMorgan Chase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JPMorgan_pre_rebranding.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2d/JPMorgan_pre_rebranding.png" decoding="async" width="177" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>JPMorgan logo prior to its 2008 rebranding</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 1990s, J.P. Morgan had emerged as a large but not dominant commercial and investment banking franchise with an attractive brand name and a strong presence in debt and equity securities underwriting. </p><p>Beginning in 1998, J.P. Morgan openly discussed the possibility of a merger, and speculation arose of a pairing with <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Manhattan Bank">Chase Manhattan Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Bank AG">Deutsche Bank AG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>In the previous decade, Chase Manhattan had emerged as one of the largest and fastest-growing commercial banks in the United States through a series of mergers. In 2000, it merged with J.P. Morgan to form <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The combined JPMorgan Chase offered <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial banking">commercial banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">retail banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">asset management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> businesses. </p><p>In 2004, JPMorgan began a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Cazenove_(stock_broker)" title="Cazenove (stock broker)">Cazenove</a>, which combined Cazenove's investment banking operations with JPMorgan's UK investment banking business. By 2010 JPMorgan bought the company out.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> J.P. Morgan Cazenove is a marketing name for the U.K. investment banking businesses and EMEA cash equities and equity research businesses of JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co. and its subsidiaries. </p><p>In 2005, JPMorgan Chase acknowledged that its two predecessor banks had received ownership of thousands of slaves as collateral prior to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. The company apologized for contributing to the "brutal and unjust institution" of slavery. The bank paid $5 million in reparations in the form of a scholarship program for Black students.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>J.P. Morgan, the company itself, is still active as the business and investment banking subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase; Chase Manhattan Bank is still active as the personal banking subsidiary of the company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Chairman_and_CEOs_of_J.P._Morgan_&amp;_Co."><span id="List_of_Chairman_and_CEOs_of_J.P._Morgan_.26_Co."></span>List of Chairman and CEOs of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: List of Chairman and CEOs of J.P. Morgan &amp; Co."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J.P.Morgan,_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/J.P.Morgan%2C_Sydney.jpg/220px-J.P.Morgan%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/J.P.Morgan%2C_Sydney.jpg/330px-J.P.Morgan%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/J.P.Morgan%2C_Sydney.jpg/440px-J.P.Morgan%2C_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>J.P.Morgan office in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following J.P. Morgan &amp; Co.'s formation in 1871, <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">John Pierpont "J. P." Morgan</a> was universally accepted as its highest executive authority (despite holding the mere title of "senior partner"). Upon Morgan's death in 1913, the bank's leadership passed to his son, John Pierpont "Jack" Morgan Jr. Once J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. was incorporated in 1942, Jack emerged as its first chief executive within his capacity as chairman of the board of directors. Henceforth, the bank would be led by 12 executives (eight of whom chaired the board of directors while simultaneously holding the title of <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>) before merging with <a href="/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Manhattan Bank">Chase Manhattan Bank</a> to become <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman_of_the_Board_of_Directors">Chairman of the Board of Directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Chairman of the Board of Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan Jr.">J.P. Morgan Jr.</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Lamont" title="Thomas W. Lamont">Thomas W. Lamont</a> (1943–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cornell_Leffingwell" title="Russell Cornell Leffingwell">Russell C. Leffingwell</a> (1948–1950)</li> <li>George Whitney<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1950–1955)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman_and_CEOs">Chairman and CEOs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Chairman and CEOs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Alexander" title="Henry C. Alexander">Henry C. Alexander</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1955–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">Thomas S. Gates Jr.</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li>John Meyer Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1969–1971)</li> <li>Ellmore C. Patterson<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1971–1978)</li> <li>Walter Hines Page II<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1978-1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Thompson_Preston" title="Lewis Thompson Preston">Lewis Thompson Preston</a> (1979–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Weatherstone" title="Dennis Weatherstone">Dennis Weatherstone</a> (1990–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Warner_III" title="Douglas A. Warner III">Douglas A. Warner III</a> (1995–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Dimon" title="Jamie Dimon">Jamie Dimon</a> (2005-present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/28px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/42px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/56px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hood_Wright" title="James Hood Wright">James Hood Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of banking in the United States">History of banking in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_Reserve_Card" title="J.P. Morgan Reserve Card">J.P. Morgan Reserve Card</a> (Palladium Card)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChernow1991" class="citation book cs1">Chernow, Ron (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XoUpAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=house+of+morgan"><i>The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance</i></a>. Simon &amp; Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-73400-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-73400-8"><bdi>978-0-671-73400-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408113358/https://books.google.com/books?id=XoUpAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=house+of+morgan">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+House+of+Morgan%3A+An+American+Banking+Dynasty+and+the+Rise+of+Modern+Finance&amp;rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-671-73400-8&amp;rft.aulast=Chernow&amp;rft.aufirst=Ron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXoUpAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dhouse%2Bof%2Bmorgan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChernow2010" class="citation book cs1">Chernow, Ron (January 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sgNUEqkgctEC&amp;q=house+of+morgan"><i>The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance</i></a>. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-9813-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-9813-6"><bdi>978-0-8021-9813-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408113359/https://books.google.com/books?id=sgNUEqkgctEC&amp;q=house+of+morgan">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+House+of+Morgan%3A+An+American+Banking+Dynasty+and+the+Rise+of+Modern+Finance&amp;rft.pub=Grove%2FAtlantic%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2010-01-19&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-9813-6&amp;rft.aulast=Chernow&amp;rft.aufirst=Ron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsgNUEqkgctEC%26q%3Dhouse%2Bof%2Bmorgan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris2000" class="citation news cs1">Norris, Floyd (September 13, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/13/business/banking-s-big-deal-the-trend-a-deal-built-on-weakness-and-strength.html">"Banking's Big Deal; A Deal Built on Weakness, and Strength"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114042232/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/13/business/banking-s-big-deal-the-trend-a-deal-built-on-weakness-and-strength.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Banking%27s+Big+Deal%3B+A+Deal+Built+on+Weakness%2C+and+Strength&amp;rft.date=2000-09-13&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Norris&amp;rft.aufirst=Floyd&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F09%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fbanking-s-big-deal-the-trend-a-deal-built-on-weakness-and-strength.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss_Sorkin2000" class="citation web cs1">Ross Sorkin, Andrew (September 14, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20000914thursday.html">"Chase Manhattan to Acquire J.P. Morgan for $30.9 Billion"</a>. <i>archive.nytimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114042230/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20000914thursday.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&amp;rft.atitle=Chase+Manhattan+to+Acquire+J.P.+Morgan+for+%2430.9+Billion&amp;rft.date=2000-09-14&amp;rft.aulast=Ross+Sorkin&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fteachers%2Ffeatured_articles%2F20000914thursday.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoody1919" class="citation book cs1">Moody, John (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersofcapitaljohn00moodiala"><i>The Masters of capitalism</i></a>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersofcapitaljohn00moodiala/page/12">12</a>–13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Masters+of+capitalism&amp;rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&amp;rft.pages=12-13&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1919&amp;rft.aulast=Moody&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmastersofcapitaljohn00moodiala&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrouse2000" class="citation book cs1">Strouse, Jean (2000). <i>Morgan: American financier</i>. New York: Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095589-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095589-2"><bdi>978-0-06-095589-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43050112">43050112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Morgan%3A+American+financier&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Perennial&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43050112&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-095589-2&amp;rft.aulast=Strouse&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drexel's father, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Martin_Drexel" title="Francis Martin Drexel">Francis Martin Drexel</a>, founded Drexel &amp; Company, which was a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Drexel_Burnham_Lambert" title="Drexel Burnham Lambert">Drexel Burnham Lambert</a>; DBL collapsed in 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wolff-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wolff_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey_Wolff2003" class="citation book cs1">Geoffrey Wolff (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Black Sun: The Brief Transit and Violent Eclipse of Harry Crosby</i></a>. New York Review of Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59017-066-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-59017-066-0"><bdi>1-59017-066-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630152605/https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVaAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Black+Sun%3A+The+Brief+Transit+and+Violent+Eclipse+of+Harry+Crosby&amp;rft.pub=New+York+Review+of+Books&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=1-59017-066-0&amp;rft.au=Geoffrey+Wolff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRpVaAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060510114057/http://www.scripophily.com/nybankhistoryj.htm">"New York Bank History"</a>. Scripophily.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scripophily.com/nybankhistoryj.htm">the original</a> on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Bank+History&amp;rft.pub=Scripophily.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scripophily.com%2Fnybankhistoryj.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On October 11, 1989 J.P. Morgan &amp; Co. underwrote an offering for Savannah Electric &amp; Power, per the L.A. Times article, the first corporate debt offering underwritten by a commercial bank in the United States since 1933. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-11-fi-241-story.html">Morgan Underwrites Debt Issue: J.P. Morgan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116012211/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-11-fi-241-story.html">Archived</a> January 16, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (L.A. Times, October 11, 1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E2D6173EF937A15751C0A96E958260&amp;scp=15&amp;sq=j.p.morgan+%26+co.+chase+manhattan+bank+merger&amp;st=nyt">J.P. Morgan Weighs Merger And Cuts Jobs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607023328/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E2D6173EF937A15751C0A96E958260&amp;scp=15&amp;sq=j.p.morgan+%26+co.+chase+manhattan+bank+merger&amp;st=nyt">Archived</a> June 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (New York Times, 1998)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E0DA1438F930A2575AC0A9669C8B63&amp;scp=15&amp;sq=j.p.morgan+chase+manhattan+merger&amp;st=nyt">Banking's Big Deal: The Trend; A Deal Built on Weakness, and Strength</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607023413/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E0DA1438F930A2575AC0A9669C8B63&amp;scp=15&amp;sq=j.p.morgan+chase+manhattan+merger&amp;st=nyt">Archived</a> June 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (New York Times, September 13, 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E1DA1438F930A2575AC0A9669C8B63&amp;scp=12&amp;sq=j.p.morgan+chase+manhattan+merger&amp;st=nyt">Banking's Big Deal: The Overview; Chase Is Reported On Verge of Deal to Obtain Morgan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607023323/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E1DA1438F930A2575AC0A9669C8B63&amp;scp=12&amp;sq=j.p.morgan+chase+manhattan+merger&amp;st=nyt">Archived</a> June 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (New York Times, September 13, 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Glazer2011" class="citation news cs1">Emily Glazer (December 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/11/06/j-p-morgans-bet-on-cazenove-still-bearing-fruit/">"J.P. Morgan's Bet on Cazenove Still Bearing Fruit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802180915/https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/11/06/j-p-morgans-bet-on-cazenove-still-bearing-fruit/">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=J.P.+Morgan%27s+Bet+on+Cazenove+Still+Bearing+Fruit&amp;rft.date=2011-12-12&amp;rft.au=Emily+Glazer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fmoneybeat%2F2014%2F11%2F06%2Fj-p-morgans-bet-on-cazenove-still-bearing-fruit%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2005/01/24/4463740/jpmorgan-apologizes-for-links-to-slavery">"JPMorgan Apologizes for Links to Slavery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521232808/https://www.npr.org/2005/01/24/4463740/jpmorgan-apologizes-for-links-to-slavery">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=JPMorgan+Apologizes+for+Links+to+Slavery&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2005%2F01%2F24%2F4463740%2Fjpmorgan-apologizes-for-links-to-slavery&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeather2005" class="citation news cs1">Teather, David (January 22, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/22/usa.davidteather">"Bank admits it owned slaves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521233447/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/22/usa.davidteather">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Bank+admits+it+owned+slaves&amp;rft.date=2005-01-22&amp;rft.aulast=Teather&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fjan%2F22%2Fusa.davidteather&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysun.com/article/business-from-jp-morgan-chase-an-apology-and-5-million">"From J.P. Morgan Chase, an Apology And $5 Million in Slavery Reparations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a>. February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205193456/https://www.nysun.com/article/business-from-jp-morgan-chase-an-apology-and-5-million">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=From+J.P.+Morgan+Chase%2C+an+Apology+And+%245+Million+in+Slavery+Reparations&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Sun&amp;rft.date=2005-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness-from-jp-morgan-chase-an-apology-and-5-million&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/George-Whitney-Jr/6000000033686132639">"George Whitney, Jr"</a>. <i>geni_family_tree</i>. October 9, 1885. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602184416/https://www.geni.com/people/George-Whitney-Jr/6000000033686132639">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=geni_family_tree&amp;rft.atitle=George+Whitney%2C+Jr.&amp;rft.date=1885-10-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FGeorge-Whitney-Jr%2F6000000033686132639&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hbs.edu/leadership/20th-century-leaders/details?profile=henry_c_alexander">"Henry C. Alexander - Leadership - Harvard Business School"</a>. <i>www.hbs.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725191427/https://www.hbs.edu/leadership/20th-century-leaders/details?profile=henry_c_alexander">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.hbs.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Henry+C.+Alexander+-+Leadership+-+Harvard+Business+School&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbs.edu%2Fleadership%2F20th-century-leaders%2Fdetails%3Fprofile%3Dhenry_c_alexander&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-07-07-9607060177-story.html">"JOHN M. MEYER JR., 89, EX-CEO OF J.P. MORGAN"</a>. <i>Sun Sentinel</i>. July 7, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528163625/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-07-07-9607060177-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sun+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=JOHN+M.+MEYER+JR.%2C+89%2C+EX-CEO+OF+J.P.+MORGAN&amp;rft.date=1996-07-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-1996-07-07-9607060177-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lths.net/Page/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lths.net%2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FPageID%3D9764">"Hall of Fame / Patterson, Ellmore C."</a> <i>www.lths.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.lths.net&amp;rft.atitle=Hall+of+Fame+%2F+Patterson%2C+Ellmore+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lths.net%2FPage%2Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lths.net%252Fsite%252Fdefault.aspx%253FPageID%253D9764&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Walter-Page/6000000037750276856">"Walter Hines Page"</a>. <i>geni_family_tree</i>. August 29, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602135646/https://www.geni.com/people/Walter-Page/6000000037750276856">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=geni_family_tree&amp;rft.atitle=Walter+Hines+Page&amp;rft.date=2023-08-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FWalter-Page%2F6000000037750276856&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.P.+Morgan+%26+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carosso, Vincent P. <i>The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854–1913</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.</li> <li>Carosso, Vincent P. <i>Investment Banking in America: A History</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Chernow" title="Ron Chernow">Chernow, Ron</a>. <i>The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance</i>, (2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3829-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3829-2">0-8021-3829-2</a></li> <li>Fraser, Steve. <i>Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life</i>. New York:HarperCollins, 2005.</li> <li>Geisst, Charles R. <i>Wall Street: A History from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron</i>. Oxford University Press. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=104746636">online edition</a></li> <li>Moody, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersofcapitaljohn00moodiala"><i>The Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street</i></a>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1921.</li> <li>Morris, Charles R. <i>The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy</i> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8134-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8134-3">978-0-8050-8134-3</a></li> <li>Pak, Susie J. <i>Gentlemen Bankers: The World of J.P. Morgan</i>. (Harvard University Press, 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Gentlemen-Bankers-Harvard-Studies-Business/dp/0674073037/">excerpt</a>, 1890s-1930s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Strouse" title="Jean Strouse">Strouse, Jean</a>. <i>Morgan: American Financier</i>. Random House, 1999. 796 pp.&#160;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-46275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-46275-0">978-0-679-46275-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/global">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82153886/">Guaranty Trust Company of New York</a> in libraries (<a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> catalog)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="JPMorgan_Chase" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:JPMorgan_Chase" title="Template:JPMorgan Chase"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:JPMorgan_Chase" title="Template talk:JPMorgan Chase"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:JPMorgan_Chase" title="Special:EditPage/Template:JPMorgan Chase"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="JPMorgan_Chase" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Rail" title="Beacon Rail">Beacon Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Bank" title="Chase Bank">Chase Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_in_the_United_Kingdom#Chase_UK" title="J.P. Morgan in the United Kingdom">Chase UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Paymentech" title="Chase Paymentech">Chase Paymentech</a></li> <li>Chase Card Services Canada</li> <li>EMC Mortgage Company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbridge_Capital_Management" title="Highbridge Capital Management">Highbridge Capital Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JP_Morgan_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="JP Morgan &amp; Co">JP Morgan &amp; Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Equity_Partners" title="One Equity Partners">One Equity Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg/140px-J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg/210px-J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg/280px-J_P_Morgan_Chase_Logo_2008_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <br /> executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Dimon" title="Jamie Dimon">Jamie Dimon</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Callahan_Erdoes" title="Mary Callahan Erdoes">Mary Callahan Erdoes</a></li> <li>Daniel E. Pinto</li> <li>Gordon A. Smith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Lake" title="Marianne Lake">Marianne Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Ulrich" title="Jing Ulrich">Jing Ulrich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">John Pierpont Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan_Jr." title="J. P. Morgan Jr.">J. P. Morgan Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junius_Spencer_Morgan" title="Junius Spencer Morgan">Junius Spencer Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Peabody" title="George Peabody">George Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sturgis_Morgan" title="Henry Sturgis Morgan">Henry Sturgis Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Harrison_Jr." title="William B. Harrison Jr.">William B. Harrison Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._McCoy" title="John B. McCoy">John B. McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_V._Shipley" title="Walter V. Shipley">Walter V. Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Warner_III" title="Douglas A. Warner III">Douglas A. Warner III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Bowdoin" title="Temple Bowdoin">Temple Bowdoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes_Staley" title="Jes Staley">Jes Staley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blythe_Masters" title="Blythe Masters">Blythe Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lee_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James B. Lee Jr.">James B. Lee Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Lamont" title="Thomas W. Lamont">Thomas W. Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Weatherstone" title="Dennis Weatherstone">Dennis Weatherstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Aldrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Winthrop Aldrich">Winthrop Aldrich</a></li> <li>Matthew Zames</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Black_(businessman)" title="Steven Black (businessman)">Steven Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of <br />directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Linda Bammann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Burke_(businessman)" title="Steve Burke (businessman)">Steve Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Combs" title="Todd Combs">Todd Combs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Crown" title="James Crown">James Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Dimon" title="Jamie Dimon">Jamie Dimon</a></li> <li>Timothy Flynn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Jackson" title="Laban Jackson">Laban Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellody_Hobson" title="Mellody Hobson">Mellody Hobson</a></li> <li>Michael Neal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phebe_N._Novakovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phebe N. Novakovic">Phebe N. Novakovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Rometty" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Rometty">Virginia Rometty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical <br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fletcher_National_Bank" title="American Fletcher National Bank">American Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Savings_and_Loan" title="American Savings and Loan">American Savings and Loan</a></li> <li>Anchor Savings Bank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banca_Commerciale_Italiana_Trust_Co." title="Banca Commerciale Italiana Trust Co.">Banca Commerciale Italiana Trust Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_One_Corporation" title="Bank One Corporation">Bank One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_United_of_Texas" title="Bank United of Texas">Bank United of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Stearns" title="Bear Stearns">Bear Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CenTrust_Bank" title="CenTrust Bank">CenTrust Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Bank#Merger_as_Chase_Manhattan_Bank" title="Chase Bank">Chase Manhattan Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Bank" title="Chemical Bank">Chemical Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Bank_and_Trust_Company" title="Continental Bank and Trust Company">Continental Bank &amp; Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Exchange_Bank" title="Corn Exchange Bank">Corn Exchange Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_Savings_Bank_of_New_York" title="Dime Savings Bank of New York">Dime Savings Bank of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chicago_Bank" title="First Chicago Bank">First Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_USA_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="First USA Bank">First USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Bank_of_New_York" title="Fourth National Bank of New York">Fourth National Bank of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Bank_(1919%E2%80%931997)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Western Bank (1919–1997)">Great Western Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambrecht_%26_Quist" title="Hambrecht &amp; Quist">Hambrecht &amp; Quist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HF_Ahmanson_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="HF Ahmanson &amp; Co.">HF Ahmanson &amp; Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INB_Financial_Corporation" title="INB Financial Corporation">Indiana National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardine_Fleming" title="Jardine Fleming">Jardine Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JP_Morgan_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="JP Morgan &amp; Co">JP Morgan &amp; Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Savings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Savings">Lincoln Savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturers_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturers Hanover">Manufacturers Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_and_Metals_National_Bank" title="Mechanics and Metals National Bank">Mechanics and Metals National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Detroit" title="National Bank of Detroit">National Bank of Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Commerce_in_New_York" title="National Bank of Commerce in New York">National Bank of Commerce in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Bank" title="National Park Bank">National Park Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Trust_Company" title="New York Trust Company">New York Trust Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ord_Minnett" title="Ord Minnett">Ord Minnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providian" title="Providian">Providian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fleming_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Fleming &amp; Co">Robert Fleming &amp; Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Chicago" title="State Bank of Chicago">State Bank of Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Commerce_Bank" title="Texas Commerce Bank">Texas Commerce Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manhattan_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manhattan Company">The Manhattan Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Company_of_America" title="Trust Company of America">Trust Company of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_National_Bank_of_Arizona" title="Valley National Bank of Arizona">Valley National Bank of Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Mutual" title="Washington Mutual">Washington Mutual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/125_London_Wall" title="125 London Wall">125 London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/245_Park_Avenue" title="245 Park Avenue">245 Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Bank_Street" title="25 Bank Street">25 Bank Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">270 Park Avenue (1960&#8211;2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="270 Park Avenue (2021–present)">270 Park Avenue (2021&#8211;present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/277_Park_Avenue" title="277 Park Avenue">277 Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/383_Madison_Avenue" title="383 Madison Avenue">383 Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Center" title="Chase Center">Chase Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Field" title="Chase Field">Chase Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Amarillo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Tower (Amarillo)">Chase Tower (Amarillo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Chase Tower (Chicago)">Chase Tower (Chicago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Dallas)" title="Chase Tower (Dallas)">Chase Tower (Dallas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(El_Paso)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Tower (El Paso)">Chase Tower (El Paso)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chase_Tower_(Englewood,_Colorado)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chase Tower (Englewood, Colorado) (page does not exist)">Chase Tower (Englewood, Colorado)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Indianapolis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Tower (Indianapolis)">Chase Tower (Indianapolis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Milwaukee)" title="Chase Tower (Milwaukee)">Chase Tower (Milwaukee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Oklahoma_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Tower (Oklahoma City)">Chase Tower (Oklahoma City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Phoenix)" title="Chase Tower (Phoenix)">Chase Tower (Phoenix)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Tower_(Rochester)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Tower (Rochester)">Chase Tower (Rochester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chater_House" title="Chater House">Chater House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit Square">Indiana Michigan Power Center (Fort Wayne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase_Building_(San_Francisco)" title="JPMorgan Chase Building (San Francisco)">JPMorgan Chase Building (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase_Tower_(Houston)" title="JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston)">JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCoy_Center" title="McCoy Center">McCoy Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_Liberty_Street" title="28 Liberty Street">One Chase Manhattan Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Qube_(Detroit)" title="The Qube (Detroit)">The Qube (Detroit)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:JPMorgan_Chase" title="Category:JPMorgan Chase">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:JPMorgan_Chase" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:JPMorgan Chase">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiversity page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/16px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/24px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" class="extiw" title="v:JPMorgan Chase">Wikiversity</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hedge_funds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hedge_funds" title="Template:Hedge funds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hedge_funds" title="Template talk:Hedge funds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hedge_funds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hedge funds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hedge_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">Hedge funds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment<br />strategy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrage</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Relative_value_(economics)" title="Relative value (economics)">relative value</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure#Arbitrage" title="Capital structure">Capital structure arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible_arbitrage" title="Convertible arbitrage">Convertible arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_neutral#Equity-market-neutral" title="Market neutral">Equity market neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_income_arbitrage" title="Fixed income arbitrage">Fixed income arbitrage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fixed-income_relative-value_investing" title="Fixed-income relative-value investing">fixed-income relative-value investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_arbitrage" title="Statistical arbitrage">Statistical arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_arbitrage" title="Volatility arbitrage">Volatility arbitrage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Event-driven_investing" title="Event-driven investing">Event-driven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shareholder_activism" title="Shareholder activism">Shareholder activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distressed_securities" title="Distressed securities">Distressed securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_arbitrage" title="Risk arbitrage">Risk arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_situation" title="Special situation">Special situation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Directional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_trade" title="Convergence trade">Convergence trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_trading_advisor" title="Commodity trading advisor">Commodity trading advisors</a> / <a href="/wiki/Managed_futures_account" title="Managed futures account">managed futures account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Dedicated short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_macro" title="Global macro">Global macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long/short_equity" title="Long/short equity">Long/short equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_following" title="Trend following">Trend following</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds#Fund_of_hedge_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of hedge funds</a> / <a href="/wiki/Multi-manager_investment" title="Multi-manager investment">Multi-manager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicklet-currency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/60px-Chicklet-currency.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/90px-Chicklet-currency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/120px-Chicklet-currency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_trading" title="Day trading">Day trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-frequency_trading" title="High-frequency trading">High-frequency trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">Prime brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_trading" title="Program trading">Program trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">Derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_market" title="Bond market">Fixed income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">Foreign exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market" title="Money market">Money markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_return" title="Absolute return">Absolute return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage_pricing_theory" title="Arbitrage pricing theory">Arbitrage pricing theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">Assets under management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_model" title="Black–Scholes model">Black–Scholes model</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greeks_(finance)" title="Greeks (finance)">Greeks</a>: <a href="/wiki/Delta_neutral" title="Delta neutral">delta neutral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_(finance)" title="Alpha (finance)">alpha</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">beta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Security_characteristic_line" title="Security characteristic line">security characteristic line</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitization" title="Securitization">Securitization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_of_private_equity_and_hedge_funds" title="Taxation of private equity and hedge funds">Taxation of private equity and hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_fund" title="Vulture fund">Vulture funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Financial endowments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds#Fund_of_hedge_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">Institutional investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Insurance_companies" title="Insurance">Insurance companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth funds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fund_governance" title="Fund governance">Fund governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_Board_for_Alternative_Investments" title="Standards Board for Alternative Investments">Standards Board for Alternative Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_Funds_Association" title="Managed Funds Association">Managed Funds Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_investment_management_companies" title="Category:Alternative investment management companies">Alternative investment management companies</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_funds" title="Category:Hedge funds">Hedge funds</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_fund_managers" title="Category:Hedge fund managers">Hedge fund managers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_hedge_funds" title="List of hedge funds">List of hedge funds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Custodian_banks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Custodian_Bank" title="Template:Custodian Bank"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Custodian_Bank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Custodian Bank (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Custodian_Bank" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Custodian Bank"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Custodian_banks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Custodian_bank" title="Custodian bank">Custodian banks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Custodian Bank</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNY" class="mw-redirect" title="BNY">BNY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Brothers Harriman">Brown Brothers Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citi" class="mw-redirect" title="Citi">Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">J.P. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Bank" title="Mizuho Bank">Mizuho Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUFG" class="mw-redirect" title="MUFG">MUFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Trust" title="Northern Trust">Northern Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation">SMBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="State Street Bank">State Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2633403#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2633403#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2633403#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121529040">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126697014">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82153885">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007263264605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐4d6wn Cached time: 20241122141304 Cache expiry: 726421 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.724 seconds Real time usage: 0.949 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5000/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 108145/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3657/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 105171/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.397/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8059575/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 823.004 1 -total 33.29% 274.006 1 Template:Reflist 15.56% 128.054 7 Template:Navbox 14.11% 116.091 1 Template:Infobox_company 12.84% 105.704 1 Template:Infobox 12.78% 105.212 5 Template:Cite_book 12.72% 104.723 1 Template:JPMorgan_Chase 10.11% 83.201 1 Template:Short_description 5.55% 45.658 2 Template:Pagetype 5.04% 41.480 1 Template:Dead_link --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1752781-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122141304 and revision id 1247635180. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;oldid=1247635180">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;oldid=1247635180</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:JPMorgan_Chase" title="Category:JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Morgan" title="Category:House of Morgan">House of Morgan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_banking" title="Category:History of banking">History of banking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_investment_banks_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Former investment banks of the United States">Former investment banks of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1871" title="Category:American companies established in 1871">American companies established in 1871</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_services_companies_established_in_1871" title="Category:Financial services companies established in 1871">Financial services companies established in 1871</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banks_established_in_1871" title="Category:Banks established in 1871">Banks established in 1871</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_services_companies_disestablished_in_2000" title="Category:Financial services companies disestablished in 2000">Financial services companies disestablished in 2000</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banks_disestablished_in_2000" title="Category:Banks disestablished in 2000">Banks disestablished in 2000</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th_century_in_New_York_City" title="Category:20th century in New York City">20th century in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_fund_firms_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Hedge fund firms in New York City">Hedge fund firms in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_fund_firms_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Hedge fund firms of the United States">Hedge fund firms of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Investment_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Investment companies based in New York City">Investment companies based in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1871_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1871 establishments in New York (state)">1871 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000_disestablishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:2000 disestablishments in New York (state)">2000 disestablishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Primary_dealers" title="Category:Primary dealers">Primary dealers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2024">Articles with dead external links from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2015" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2015">Use mdy dates from January 2015</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 September 2024, at 05:26<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w7plk","wgBackendResponseTime":124,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.724","walltime":"0.949","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5000,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":108145,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3657,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":105171,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 823.004 1 -total"," 33.29% 274.006 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.56% 128.054 7 Template:Navbox"," 14.11% 116.091 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 12.84% 105.704 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.78% 105.212 5 Template:Cite_book"," 12.72% 104.723 1 Template:JPMorgan_Chase"," 10.11% 83.201 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.55% 45.658 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.04% 41.480 1 Template:Dead_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.397","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8059575,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4d6wn","timestamp":"20241122141304","ttl":726421,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"J.P. Morgan & Co.","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2633403","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2633403","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-17T07:18:17Z","dateModified":"2024-09-25T05:26:46Z","headline":"U.S. investment bank"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10