CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Math and Social Sciences – Feature Column</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <script type='text/x-mathjax-config'> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: { inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\$','\$']], processEscapes: true } }); </script>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="generator" content="Hoot Business 2.11.0" /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Feature Column » Feed" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Feature Column » Comments Feed" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Feature Column » Math and Social Sciences Category Feed" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/feed/" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/library/fonticons/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/library/fonticons/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/library/fonticons/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/mathvoices.ams.org\/featurecolumn\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--accent: #316dcd;--wp--preset--color--accent-font: #ffffff;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-css' href='https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/css/events-manager.min.css?ver=6.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='stcr-font-awesome-css' href='https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-to-comments-reloaded/includes/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='stcr-style-css' href='https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-to-comments-reloaded/includes/css/stcr-style.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_likes-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/14.0/modules/likes/style.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hootbiz-googlefont-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Fira%20Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,400;1,700&family=Oswald:ital,wght@0,400&display=swap' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/library/fonticons/font-awesome.css?ver=5.15.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack-subscriptions-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/14.0/modules/subscriptions/subscriptions.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hoot-style-css' href='https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/style.css?ver=2.11.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hoot-wpblocks-css' href='https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/include/blocks/wpblocks.css?ver=2.11.0' media='all' /> <style id='hoot-wpblocks-inline-css'> .hgrid { max-width: 1080px; } a { color: #316dcd; } a:hover { color: #25529a; } .accent-typo { background: #316dcd; color: #ffffff; } .invert-typo { color: #ffffff; } .enforce-typo { background: #ffffff; } body.wordpress input[type="submit"], body.wordpress #submit, body.wordpress .button { background: #316dcd; color: #ffffff; } body.wordpress input[type="submit"]:hover, body.wordpress #submit:hover, body.wordpress .button:hover, body.wordpress input[type="submit"]:focus, body.wordpress #submit:focus, body.wordpress .button:focus { background: #25529a; color: #ffffff; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .title, .titlefont { font-family: "Fira Sans", sans-serif; text-transform: none; } #main.main,#header-supplementary,.below-header { background: #ffffff; } #topbar { background: #316dcd; color: #ffffff; } #topbar.js-search .searchform.expand .searchtext { background: #316dcd; } #site-logo.logo-border { border-color: #316dcd; } .header-aside-search.js-search .searchform i.fa-search { color: #316dcd; } #site-title { font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; } .site-logo-with-icon #site-title i { font-size: 50px; } .site-logo-mixed-image img { max-width: 200px; } .site-title-line em { color: #316dcd; } .site-title-line mark { background: #316dcd; color: #ffffff; } .site-title-heading-font { font-family: "Fira Sans", sans-serif; } .menu-items ul { background: #ffffff; } .menu-items > li.current-menu-item:not(.nohighlight), .menu-items > li.current-menu-ancestor, .menu-items > li:hover,.menu-items ul li.current-menu-item:not(.nohighlight), .menu-items ul li.current-menu-ancestor, .menu-items ul li:hover { background: #ffffff; } .menu-items > li.current-menu-item:not(.nohighlight) > a, .menu-items > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .menu-items > li:hover > a,.menu-items ul li.current-menu-item:not(.nohighlight) > a, .menu-items ul li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .menu-items ul li:hover > a { color: #316dcd; } .more-link { color: #316dcd; } .more-link a { background: #ffffff; color: #316dcd; } .more-link a:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #25529a; } .main-content-grid,.widget,.frontpage-area { margin-top: 45px; } .widget,.frontpage-area { margin-bottom: 45px; } .frontpage-area.module-bg-highlight, .frontpage-area.module-bg-color, .frontpage-area.module-bg-image { padding: 45px 0; } .footer .widget { margin: 30px 0; } .js-search .searchform.expand .searchtext { background: #ffffff; } #infinite-handle span,.lrm-form a.button, .lrm-form button, .lrm-form button[type=submit], .lrm-form #buddypress input[type=submit], .lrm-form input[type=submit],.widget_newsletterwidget input.tnp-submit[type=submit], .widget_newsletterwidgetminimal input.tnp-submit[type=submit],.woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt, .woocommerce a.button.alt, .woocommerce button.button.alt, .woocommerce input.button.alt,.widget_breadcrumb_navxt .breadcrumbs > .hoot-bcn-pretext { background: #316dcd; color: #ffffff; } .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li a:focus, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li a:hover { color: #25529a; } .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li:hover,.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active { background: #316dcd; } .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li:hover a, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li:hover a:hover,.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active a { color: #ffffff; } .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:hover, .woocommerce a.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce button.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce input.button.alt:hover { background: #25529a; color: #ffffff; } .widget_newsletterwidget input.tnp-submit[type=submit]:hover, .widget_newsletterwidgetminimal input.tnp-submit[type=submit]:hover { background: #25529a; color: #ffffff; } .widget_breadcrumb_navxt .breadcrumbs > .hoot-bcn-pretext:after { border-left-color: #316dcd; } :root .has-accent-color,.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color), .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color) { color: #316dcd; } :root .has-accent-background-color,.wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-search__button,.wp-block-search__button:hover, .wp-block-file__button,.wp-block-file__button:hover { background: #316dcd; } :root .has-accent-font-color,.wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-search__button,.wp-block-search__button:hover, .wp-block-file__button,.wp-block-file__button:hover { color: #ffffff; } :root .has-accent-font-background-color { background: #ffffff; } @media only screen and (max-width: 969px){ .mobilemenu-fixed .menu-toggle, .mobilemenu-fixed .menu-items { background: #ffffff; } .sidebar { margin-top: 45px; } .frontpage-widgetarea > div.hgrid > [class*="hgrid-span-"] { margin-bottom: 45px; } } </style> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/sortable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-sortable-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); </script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/resizable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-resizable-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/draggable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-draggable-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/controlgroup.min.js" id="jquery-ui-controlgroup-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/checkboxradio.min.js" id="jquery-ui-checkboxradio-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/button.min.js" id="jquery-ui-button-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/dialog.min.js" id="jquery-ui-dialog-js"></script> <script id="events-manager-js-extra"> var EM = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/mathvoices.ams.org\/featurecolumn\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","locationajaxurl":"https:\/\/mathvoices.ams.org\/featurecolumn\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=locations_search","firstDay":"1","locale":"en","dateFormat":"yy-mm-dd","ui_css":"https:\/\/mathvoices.ams.org\/featurecolumn\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager\/includes\/css\/jquery-ui\/build.min.css","show24hours":"","is_ssl":"1","autocomplete_limit":"10","calendar":{"breakpoints":{"small":560,"medium":908,"large":false}},"datepicker":{"format":"Y-m-d"},"search":{"breakpoints":{"small":650,"medium":850,"full":false}},"bookingInProgress":"Please wait while the booking is being submitted.","tickets_save":"Save Ticket","bookingajaxurl":"https:\/\/mathvoices.ams.org\/featurecolumn\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","bookings_export_save":"Export Bookings","bookings_settings_save":"Save Settings","booking_delete":"Are you sure you want to delete?","booking_offset":"30","bb_full":"Sold Out","bb_book":"Book Now","bb_booking":"Booking...","bb_booked":"Booking Submitted","bb_error":"Booking Error. Try again?","bb_cancel":"Cancel","bb_canceling":"Canceling...","bb_cancelled":"Cancelled","bb_cancel_error":"Cancellation Error. Try again?","txt_search":"Search","txt_searching":"Searching...","txt_loading":"Loading..."}; </script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/js/events-manager.js?ver=6.3" id="events-manager-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/137" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <meta name="description" content="Posts about Math and Social Sciences written by Ursula Whitcher and Courtney Gibbons" />  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Math and Social Sciences – Feature Column" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Feature Column" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-ams2.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@amermathsoc" />  <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-ams2.png?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-ams2.png?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-ams2.png?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-ams2.png?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> body { font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #25282B; background-color: white; line-height: 1.75em; } summary { cursor: pointer; } .list-inline { padding-left:0; margin-left:-5px; list-style:none } .headline.img-headline { display: none; } /*.entry-title {display:none;} .entry-byline{display:none;}*/ .list-inline>li{ display:inline-block; padding-right:5px; padding-left:5px} </style> </head> <body class="archive category category-math-and-social-sciences category-137 hoot-business wordpress ltr en en-us parent-theme multisite blog-2 logged-out custom-background custom-header plural taxonomy taxonomy-category taxonomy-category-math-and-social-sciences" dir="ltr" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog"> <a href="#main" class="screen-reader-text">Skip to content</a> <div id="page-wrapper" class=" hgrid site-boxed page-wrapper sitewrap-wide-right sidebarsN sidebars1 hoot-cf7-style hoot-mapp-style hoot-jetpack-style hoot-sticky-sidebar"> <header id="header" class="site-header header-layout-primary-menu header-layout-secondary-none tablemenu" role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div id="header-primary" class=" header-part header-primary header-primary-menu"> <div class="hgrid"> <div class="table hgrid-span-12"> <div id="branding" class="site-branding branding table-cell-mid"> <div id="site-logo" class="site-logo-text"> <div id="site-logo-text" class="site-logo-text site-logo-text-small"><div id="site-title" class="site-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn" rel="home" itemprop="url"><span class="blogname">Feature Column</span></a></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="header-aside" class=" header-aside table-cell-mid header-aside-menu header-aside-menu-fixed"> <div class="screen-reader-text">Primary Navigation Menu</div> <nav id="menu-primary" class="menu nav-menu menu-primary mobilemenu-fixed mobilesubmenu-click" role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <a class="menu-toggle" href="#"><span class="menu-toggle-text">Menu</span><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a> <ul id="menu-primary-items" class="menu-items sf-menu menu"><li id="menu-item-703" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-703"><a href="http://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn"><span class="menu-title">Home</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-704" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-704"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/"><span class="menu-title">About</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-705"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/"><span class="menu-title">Feature Column Archive</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main" class=" main"> <div id="loop-meta" class=" loop-meta-wrap pageheader-bg-default loop-meta-withtext"> <div class="hgrid"> <div class=" loop-meta archive-header hgrid-span-12" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPageElement"> <h1 class=" loop-title entry-title archive-title" itemprop="headline">Math and Social Sciences</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hgrid main-content-grid"> <main id="content" class="content hgrid-span-8 has-sidebar layout-wide-right " role="main"> <div id="content-wrap" class=" content-wrap theiaStickySidebar"> <div id="archive-wrap" class="archive-wrap"> <article id="post-2081" class="entry author-uwhitcher post-2081 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-147 category-bill-casselman category-math-and-social-sciences tag-chess tag-game-theory tag-tic-tac-toe archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/09/01/payoffs-and-strategies/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/09/01/payoffs-and-strategies/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">Payoffs and strategies</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2024-09-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/uwhitcher/" title="Posts by Ursula Whitcher" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Ursula Whitcher</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2024-09-01T00:01:05-04:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Sunday, September 1, 2024, 12:01 am">September 1, 2024</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2024/" rel="category tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/bill-casselman/" rel="category tag">Bill Casselman</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/chess/" rel="tag">chess</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/game-theory/" rel="tag">game theory</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/tic-tac-toe/" rel="tag">tic-tac-toe</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/09/01/payoffs-and-strategies/#respond" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">0 Comments</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description"><p>It turns out that the game with alternate moves can be converted into a game with just one move... Payoffs and strategies Bill Casselman University of British Columbia Payoffs and strategies In a recent Feature Column I discussed a basic search tool used by computers to explore options in playing<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/09/01/payoffs-and-strategies/">Read More →</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-2011" class="entry author-uwhitcher post-2011 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-147 category-bill-casselman category-math-and-social-sciences tag-chess tag-game-theory tag-tic-tac-toe archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/07/01/looking-ahead/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/07/01/looking-ahead/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">Looking ahead</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2024-07-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/uwhitcher/" title="Posts by Ursula Whitcher" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Ursula Whitcher</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2024-07-01T00:01:57-04:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Monday, July 1, 2024, 12:01 am">July 1, 2024</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2024/" rel="category tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/bill-casselman/" rel="category tag">Bill Casselman</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/chess/" rel="tag">chess</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/game-theory/" rel="tag">game theory</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/tic-tac-toe/" rel="tag">tic-tac-toe</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/07/01/looking-ahead/#comments" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">2 Comments</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description">Tic-tac-toe is a very simple game, which even humans can figure out completely by using elementary reasoning, and yet a computer first approaching it would face these huge numbers… Looking ahead Bill Casselman University of British Columbia Looking ahead The question of whether the beginning position … is for one<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/07/01/looking-ahead/">Read More →</a></span></div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-1945" class="entry author-uwhitcher post-1945 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-147 category-algebra-and-number-theory category-geometry-and-topology category-math-and-social-sciences category-ursula-whitcher tag-bernd-sturmfels tag-economics tag-elliptic-curves tag-game-theory tag-irem-portakal tag-wolfgang-spohn archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/04/01/elliptic-curves-come-to-date-night/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/04/01/elliptic-curves-come-to-date-night/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">Elliptic curves come to date night</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2024-04-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/uwhitcher/" title="Posts by Ursula Whitcher" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Ursula Whitcher</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2024-04-01T00:01:53-04:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Monday, April 1, 2024, 12:01 am">April 1, 2024</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2024/" rel="category tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/algebra-and-number-theory/" rel="category tag">Algebra and Number Theory</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/geometry-and-topology/" rel="category tag">Geometry and Topology</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/ursula-whitcher/" rel="category tag">Ursula Whitcher</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/bernd-sturmfels/" rel="tag">Bernd Sturmfels</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/economics/" rel="tag">economics</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/elliptic-curves/" rel="tag">elliptic curves</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/game-theory/" rel="tag">game theory</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/irem-portakal/" rel="tag">陌rem Portakal</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/wolfgang-spohn/" rel="tag">Wolfgang Spohn</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/04/01/elliptic-curves-come-to-date-night/#respond" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">0 Comments</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description"><p>Willa is an economist and Cara is a mathematician, so together they have decided to turn the problem of which game to play into a separate meta-game. Because they both love numbers, Willa and Cara start by creating matrices... Elliptic curves come to date night Ursula Whitcher Mathematical Reviews (AMS)<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/04/01/elliptic-curves-come-to-date-night/">Read More →</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-1905" class="entry author-uwhitcher post-1905 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-147 category-joseph-malkevitch category-math-and-social-sciences tag-compass-and-straight-edge tag-euclidean-geometry tag-voting archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/02/01/impossible/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/02/01/impossible/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">Impossible?</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2024-02-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/uwhitcher/" title="Posts by Ursula Whitcher" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Ursula Whitcher</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2024-02-01T00:01:57-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Thursday, February 1, 2024, 12:01 am">February 1, 2024</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2024/" rel="category tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/joseph-malkevitch/" rel="category tag">Joseph Malkevitch</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/compass-and-straight-edge/" rel="tag">compass and straight edge</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/euclidean-geometry/" rel="tag">Euclidean geometry</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/voting/" rel="tag">voting</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/02/01/impossible/#respond" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">0 Comments</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description"><p>Mathematics helps develop definitions to compare different means to make something better or more fair. But there are inherent limitations, expressed as mathematical impossibility theorems... Impossible? Joe Malkevitch York College (CUNY) Introduction When you got up from sleeping last night, what were the possibilities that you could achieve in the<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/02/01/impossible/">Read More →</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-1877" class="entry author-uwhitcher post-1877 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-147 category-bill-casselman category-math-and-social-sciences category-probability-and-statistics tag-cold-war tag-daniel-ellsberg tag-game-theory archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/01/01/daniel-ellsberg-and-the-science-of-extortion/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/01/01/daniel-ellsberg-and-the-science-of-extortion/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">Daniel Ellsberg and the Science of Extortion</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2024-01-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/uwhitcher/" title="Posts by Ursula Whitcher" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Ursula Whitcher</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2024-01-01T00:01:45-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Monday, January 1, 2024, 12:01 am">January 1, 2024</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2024/" rel="category tag">2024</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/bill-casselman/" rel="category tag">Bill Casselman</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/probability-and-statistics/" rel="category tag">Probability and Statistics</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/cold-war/" rel="tag">Cold War</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/daniel-ellsberg/" rel="tag">Daniel Ellsberg</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/game-theory/" rel="tag">game theory</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/01/01/daniel-ellsberg-and-the-science-of-extortion/#comments" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">1 Comment</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description"><p>I don't believe that responsible people should indulge in anything that can be even remotely considered ultimatums or threats. That is not the way to reach peaceful solutions.—President Eisenhower, July 8, 1959. Daniel Ellsberg and the science of extortion Bill Casselman University of British Columbia Daniel Ellsberg died just last<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/01/01/daniel-ellsberg-and-the-science-of-extortion/">Read More →</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-1831" class="entry author-uwhitcher post-1831 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-112 category-algebra-and-number-theory category-discrete-math-and-combinatorics category-math-and-social-sciences category-sarah-wolff tag-persi-diaconis tag-representation-theory tag-voting archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/11/01/what-i-think-about-when-i-think-about-voting/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/11/01/what-i-think-about-when-i-think-about-voting/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">What I Think About When I Think About Voting</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2023-11-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/uwhitcher/" title="Posts by Ursula Whitcher" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Ursula Whitcher</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2023-11-01T00:01:31-04:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Wednesday, November 1, 2023, 12:01 am">November 1, 2023</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2023/" rel="category tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/algebra-and-number-theory/" rel="category tag">Algebra and Number Theory</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/discrete-math-and-combinatorics/" rel="category tag">Discrete Math and Combinatorics</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/sarah-wolff/" rel="category tag">Sarah Wolff</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/persi-diaconis/" rel="tag">persi diaconis</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/representation-theory/" rel="tag">representation theory</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/voting/" rel="tag">voting</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/11/01/what-i-think-about-when-i-think-about-voting/#respond" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">0 Comments</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description"><p>Inevitably, I think back to my favorite result in mathematics: when Diaconis used the representation theory of the symmetric group to show us that psychologists just don鈥檛 get along… What I Think About When I Think About Voting Sarah Wolff Denison University It鈥檚 November. Here in Ohio, that means cozy<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/11/01/what-i-think-about-when-i-think-about-voting/">Read More →</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-1783" class="entry author-cgibbons post-1783 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-112 category-courtney-gibbons category-math-and-social-sciences category-math-and-technology tag-government tag-policy archive-block archive-block2 hcolumn-1-2" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> <div class="entry-grid hgrid"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="entry-featured-img-wrap"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1"><meta itemprop="width" content="690"><meta itemprop="height" content="288"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/09/01/math-meets-congress/" class="entry-featured-img-link"><img width="690" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1" class="attachment-hoot-large-thumb entry-content-featured-img entry-grid-featured-img wp-post-image" alt="Feature Column" itemscope="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/cropped-FC1380x500x2.png?zoom=2&resize=690%2C288&ssl=1 1380w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" itemprop="image" /></a></div> <div class="entry-grid-content"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/09/01/math-meets-congress/" rel="bookmark" itemprop="url">Math Meets Congress</a></h2> </header> <div class="screen-reader-text" itemprop="datePublished" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">2023-09-01</div> <div class="entry-byline"> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-author"> <span class="entry-byline-label">By:</span> <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/author/cgibbons/" title="Posts by Courtney Gibbons" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Courtney Gibbons</span></a></span> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-date"> <span class="entry-byline-label">On:</span> <time class="entry-published updated" datetime="2023-09-01T00:01:02-04:00" itemprop="datePublished" title="Friday, September 1, 2023, 12:01 am">September 1, 2023</time> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-cats"> <span class="entry-byline-label">In:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2023/" rel="category tag">2023</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/courtney-gibbons/" rel="category tag">Courtney Gibbons</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" rel="category tag">Math and Social Sciences</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-technology/" rel="category tag">Math and Technology</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-tags"> <span class="entry-byline-label">Tagged:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/government/" rel="tag">government</a>, <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/policy/" rel="tag">policy</a> </div> <div class="entry-byline-block entry-byline-comments"> <span class="entry-byline-label">With:</span> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/09/01/math-meets-congress/#respond" class="comments-link" itemprop="discussionURL">0 Comments</a> </div><span class="entry-publisher" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Feature Column"><span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content=""><meta itemprop="width" content=""><meta itemprop="height" content=""></span></span></div> <div class="entry-summary" itemprop="description"><p>The nuts and bolts of what I do when thinking about math are very similar to the nuts and bolts of thinking about a policy problem… Math Meets Congress Or, A Mathematician Goes to Washington Courtney Gibbons Hamilton College Thanks to the American Association for the Advancement of Science and<span class="more-link"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/09/01/math-meets-congress/">Read More →</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </main> <aside id="sidebar-primary" class="sidebar sidebar-primary hgrid-span-4 layout-wide-right " role="complementary" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar"> <div class=" sidebar-wrap theiaStickySidebar"> <section id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><div class="searchbody"><form method="get" class="searchform" action="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/" ><label class="screen-reader-text">Search</label><i class="fas fa-search"></i><input type="text" class="searchtext" name="s" placeholder="Type Search Term …" value="" /><input type="submit" class="submit" name="submit" value="Search" /><span class="js-search-placeholder"></span></form></div></section><section id="blog_subscription-2" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h3 class="widget-title"><span>Subscribe to Feature Column via Email</span></h3> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="#" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" id="subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2" data-blog="202620863" data-post_access_level="everybody" > <div id="subscribe-text"><p>Enter your email address to subscribe to Feature Column and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> </div> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="jetpack-subscribe-label" class="screen-reader-text" for="subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2"> Email Address </label> <input type="email" name="email" required="required" value="" id="subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2" placeholder="Email Address" /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="11dda8713b" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" name="jetpack_subscriptions_widget" > Subscribe </button> </p> </form> </div> </section><section id="block-3" class="widget widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Posts</h2><ul class="wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts"><li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/12/01/capturing-the-invisible-hopping-rabbit/">Capturing the Invisible Hopping Rabbit</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/11/01/strung-out-on-automorphic-forms/">Strung Out on Automorphic Forms</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/10/01/people-and-computers-compared/">People and Computers Compared</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/09/01/payoffs-and-strategies/">Payoffs and strategies</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2024/08/01/welcome-to-the-fold/">Welcome to the Fold</a></li> </ul></div></div></section><section id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h3 class="widget-title"><span>Categories</span></h3> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2020/">2020</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2021/">2021</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2022/">2022</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2023/">2023</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-147"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/2024/">2024</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/adam-a-smith/">Adam A. Smith</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-168"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/adriana-salerno/">Adriana Salerno</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/algebra-and-number-theory/">Algebra and Number Theory</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/allechar-serrano-lopez/">Allechar Serrano L贸pez</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/anil-venkatesh/">Anil Venkatesh</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/archive/">Archive</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/bill-casselman/">Bill Casselman</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/colm-mulcahy/">Colm Mulcahy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/courtney-gibbons/">Courtney Gibbons</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/david-austin/">David Austin</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-176"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/deepayan-sarkar/">Deepayan Sarkar</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/discrete-math-and-combinatorics/">Discrete Math and Combinatorics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/etienne-ghys/">脡tienne Ghys</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/geometry-and-topology/">Geometry and Topology</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/guillermo-fereyra/">Guillermo Fereyra</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/history-of-mathematics/">History of mathematics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-172"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/holley-friedlander/">Holley Friedlander</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/john-eggers/">John Eggers</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/joseph-malkevitch/">Joseph Malkevitch</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/josh-leys/">Josh Leys</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-134"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-arts-humanities/">Math and Arts/Humanities</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-137 current-cat"><a aria-current="page" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-social-sciences/">Math and Social Sciences</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-20"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-technology/">Math and Technology</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-21"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/math-and-the-sciences/">Math and the Sciences</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/mathematics-and-biology/">Mathematics and Biology</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/moira-chas/">Moira Chas</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/noah-giansiracusa/">Noah Giansiracusa</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-24"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/patrick-ion/">Patrick Ion</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-25"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/probability-and-statistics/">Probability and Statistics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-26"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/real-and-complex-analysis/">Real and Complex Analysis</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-169"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/sara-chari/">Sara Chari</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-77"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/sara-stoudt/">Sara Stoudt</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-142"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/sarah-wolff/">Sarah Wolff</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-27"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/steven-h-weintraub/">Steven H. Weintraub</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-175"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/sunil-chebolu/">Sunil Chebolu</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-28"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/tamsyn-morrill/">Tamsyn Morrill</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-29"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/tony-phillips/">Tony Phillips</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-30"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/category/columnists/ursula-whitcher/">Ursula Whitcher</a> </li> </ul> </section><section id="tag_cloud-2" class="widget widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widget-title"><span>Tags</span></h3><div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/5g/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-32 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="5G (1 item)">5G</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/alan-turing/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-33 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="alan turing (2 items)">alan turing</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/ams/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-34 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="ams (1 item)">ams</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/astronauts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-35 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="astronauts (1 item)">astronauts</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/branko-grunbaum/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-36 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Branko Gr眉nbaum (1 item)">Branko Gr眉nbaum</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/cantor-set/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="cantor set (1 item)">cantor set</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/chess/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-38 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 18.5pt;" aria-label="chess (3 items)">chess</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/claude-shannon/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-39 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Claude Shannon (1 item)">Claude Shannon</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/cryptography/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-107 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 18.5pt;" aria-label="cryptography (3 items)">cryptography</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/desargues/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-41 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Desargues (1 item)">Desargues</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/epidemic/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-42 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="epidemic (2 items)">epidemic</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/euclidean-geometry/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-43 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 18.5pt;" aria-label="Euclidean geometry (3 items)">Euclidean geometry</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/feature-column-history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-44 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="feature column history (1 item)">feature column history</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/games/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-84 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="games (2 items)">games</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/game-theory/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-148 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="game theory (4 items)">game theory</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/generating-functions/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-45 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="generating functions (1 item)">generating functions</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/genetics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-46 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="genetics (1 item)">genetics</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/geoffrey-colin-shephard/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-47 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Geoffrey Colin Shephard (1 item)">Geoffrey Colin Shephard</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/herd-immunity/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-48 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="herd immunity (1 item)">herd immunity</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/higgs-boson/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-49 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Higgs boson (1 item)">Higgs boson</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/lattices-groups/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-97 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 18.5pt;" aria-label="lattices (groups) (3 items)">lattices (groups)</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/lie-groups/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-111 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="Lie groups (2 items)">Lie groups</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/machine-learning/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-50 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="Machine learning (2 items)">Machine learning</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/measles/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-51 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="measles (1 item)">measles</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/medieval/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-52 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="medieval (1 item)">medieval</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/mirror-symmetry/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-53 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="mirror symmetry (1 item)">mirror symmetry</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/paleontology/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-54 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="paleontology (1 item)">paleontology</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/pappuss-theorem/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-55 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Pappus's Theorem (1 item)">Pappus's Theorem</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/partitions/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-56 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="partitions (2 items)">partitions</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/pca/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-57 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="pca (1 item)">pca</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/persi-diaconis/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-143 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="persi diaconis (2 items)">persi diaconis</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/physics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-82 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="physics (2 items)">physics</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/poetry/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-135 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="poetry (2 items)">poetry</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/polar-codes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-58 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="polar codes (1 item)">polar codes</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/polytopes-and-polyhedra/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-59 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="polytopes and polyhedra (2 items)">polytopes and polyhedra</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/predictive-policing/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-60 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Predictive policing (1 item)">Predictive policing</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/predpol/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-61 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="PredPol (1 item)">PredPol</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/primes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-62 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 18.5pt;" aria-label="primes (3 items)">primes</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/probability/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-86 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="probability (2 items)">probability</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/quadratic-formula/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-63 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="quadratic formula (1 item)">quadratic formula</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/seir-model/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-67 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="SEIR model (2 items)">SEIR model</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/string-theory/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-70 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="string theory (2 items)">string theory</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/tic-tac-toe/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-165 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="tic-tac-toe (2 items)">tic-tac-toe</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/tilings/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-72 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="tilings (2 items)">tilings</a> <a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/tag/voting/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-141 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 14.3pt;" aria-label="voting (2 items)">voting</a></div> </section><section id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h3 class="widget-title"><span>Meta</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.org/">WordPress.org</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <div id="post-footer" class=" post-footer hgrid-stretch linkstyle"> <div class="hgrid"> <div class="hgrid-span-12"> <p class="credit small"> Designed using <a class="theme-link" href="https://wphoot.com/themes/hoot-business/" title="Hoot Business WordPress Theme">Hoot Business</a>. Powered by <a class="wp-link" href="https://wordpress.org">WordPress</a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/js/jquery.superfish.js?ver=1.7.5" id="jquery-superfish-js"></script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/js/jquery.fitvids.js?ver=1.1" id="jquery-fitvids-js"></script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/js/jquery.parallax.js?ver=1.4.2" id="jquery-parallax-js"></script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/js/resizesensor.js?ver=1.7.0" id="resizesensor-js"></script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/js/jquery.theia-sticky-sidebar.js?ver=1.7.0" id="jquery-theia-sticky-sidebar-js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.8/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML%2CSafe.js&ver=6.7.1" id="mathjax-js"></script> <script src="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/wp-content/themes/hoot-business/js/hoot.theme.js?ver=2.11.0" id="hoot-theme-js"></script> <script src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202449.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"202620863\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"mathvoices.ams.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "202620863", "0" ]); </script> </body> </html>