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href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Основни_величини" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Основни_величини"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Основни величини</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Основни_величини-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Основни величини</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Основни_величини-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Трифазни_величини" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Трифазни_величини"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Трифазни величини</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Трифазни_величини-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Трифазни_балансирани_и_небалансирани_системи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Трифазни_балансирани_и_небалансирани_системи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Трифазни балансирани и небалансирани системи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Трифазни_балансирани_и_небалансирани_системи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Преки_и_обратни_трифазни_системи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Преки_и_обратни_трифазни_системи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Преки и обратни трифазни системи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Преки_и_обратни_трифазни_системи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Принцип_на_действие" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Принцип_на_действие"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Принцип на действие</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Принцип_на_действие-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Принцип на действие</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Принцип_на_действие-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Предимства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Предимства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Предимства</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Предимства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Последователност_на_фазите" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Последователност_на_фазите"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Последователност на фазите</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Последователност_на_фазите-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Произвеждане_и_разпределение" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Произвеждане_и_разпределение"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Произвеждане и разпределение</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Произвеждане_и_разпределение-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Свързване_на_трансформатори" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Свързване_на_трансформатори"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Свързване на трансформатори</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Свързване_на_трансформатори-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вериги_с_три_и_четири_проводника" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вериги_с_три_и_четири_проводника"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Вериги с три и четири проводника</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вериги_с_три_и_четири_проводника-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Балансирани_вериги" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Балансирани_вериги"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Балансирани вериги</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Балансирани_вериги-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Балансирани вериги</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Балансирани_вериги-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Звезда_(Y)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Звезда_(Y)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Звезда (Y)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Звезда_(Y)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Делта_(Δ)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Делта_(Δ)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Делта (Δ)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Делта_(Δ)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Монофазни_товари" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Монофазни_товари"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Монофазни товари</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Монофазни_товари-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Монофазни товари</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Монофазни_товари-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Небалансирани_товари" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Небалансирани_товари"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Небалансирани товари</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Небалансирани_товари-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нелинейни_товари" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нелинейни_товари"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Нелинейни товари</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нелинейни_товари-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Трифазни_товари" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Трифазни_товари"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Трифазни товари</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Трифазни_товари-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Фазови_преобразуватели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фазови_преобразуватели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Фазови преобразуватели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фазови_преобразуватели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Цветови_кодове" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Цветови_кодове"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Цветови кодове</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Цветови_кодове-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Трифазна токова система</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 51 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driefase_elektriese_krag" title="Driefase elektriese krag – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Driefase elektriese krag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نظام كهربائي ثلاثي الأطوار – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام كهربائي ثلاثي الأطوار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trif%C3%A1sicu" title="Sistema trifásicu – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema trifásicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_fazal%C4%B1_enerji_t%C9%99chizat%C4%B1_sistemi" title="Üç fazalı enerji təchizatı sistemi – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üç fazalı enerji təchizatı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreiphasenwechselstrom" title="Dreiphasenwechselstrom – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dreiphasenwechselstrom" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Трохфазная сыстэма электрасілкаваньня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трохфазная сыстэма электрасілкаваньня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="তিন-দশার বৈদ্যুতিক শক্তি – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিন-দশার বৈদ্যুতিক শক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trif%C3%A0sic" title="Sistema trifàsic – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema trifàsic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojf%C3%A1zov%C3%A1_soustava" title="Trojfázová soustava – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trojfázová soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%C3%A7%C4%95_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Виçĕ фазăллă ток – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Виçĕ фазăллă ток" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefaset_vekselstr%C3%B8m" title="Trefaset vekselstrøm – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Trefaset vekselstrøm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreiphasenwechselstrom" title="Dreiphasenwechselstrom – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dreiphasenwechselstrom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Τριφασικό σύστημα – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τριφασικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power" title="Three-phase electric power – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Three-phase electric power" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifaza_elektro" title="Trifaza elektro – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trifaza elektro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trif%C3%A1sico" title="Sistema trifásico – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema trifásico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmefaasiline_s%C3%BCsteem" title="Kolmefaasiline süsteem – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolmefaasiline süsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trifasiko" title="Sistema trifasiko – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistema trifasiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="توان الکتریکی سه فاز – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توان الکتریکی سه فاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmivaihevirta" title="Kolmivaihevirta – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolmivaihevirta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant_triphas%C3%A9" title="Courant triphasé – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Courant triphasé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreistruum" title="Dreistruum – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Dreistruum" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trif%C3%A1sico" title="Sistema trifásico – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema trifásico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מערכת תלת-פאזית – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת תלת-פאזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तीन फेज विद्युत शक्ति – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तीन फेज विद्युत शक्ति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trofazna_struja" title="Trofazna struja – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trofazna struja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1romf%C3%A1zis%C3%BA_h%C3%A1l%C3%B3zat" title="Háromfázisú hálózat – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háromfázisú hálózat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%A6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Էլեկտրամատակարարման եռաֆազ համակարգ – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրամատակարարման եռաֆազ համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trifase" title="Sistema trifase – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema trifase" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81" title="三相交流 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三相交流" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%EC%83%81%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%A5" title="3상전력 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="3상전력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_trium_phasium" title="Systema trium phasium – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema trium phasium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifaz%C4%97_srov%C4%97" title="Trifazė srovė – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trifazė srovė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Трофазна струја – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трофазна струја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80-%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="ത്രീ-ഫേസ് ഇലക്ട്രിക് പവർ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ത്രീ-ഫേസ് ഇലക്ട്രിക് പവർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekalan_elektrik_tiga_fasa" title="Bekalan elektrik tiga fasa – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bekalan elektrik tiga fasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krachtstroom" title="Krachtstroom – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krachtstroom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefase" title="Trefase – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trefase" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_tr%C3%B3jfazowy" title="Układ trójfazowy – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ trójfazowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_trif%C3%A1sico" title="Sistema trifásico – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema trifásico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Трёхфазная система электроснабжения – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трёхфазная система электроснабжения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trofazna_struja" title="Trofazna struja – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trofazna struja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="තෙකලා විදුලි බලය – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තෙකලා විදුලි බලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power" title="Three-phase electric power – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Three-phase electric power" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojf%C3%A1zov%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Trojfázová sústava – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Trojfázová sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeneratori_trefazor" title="Gjeneratori trefazor – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeneratori trefazor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefassystem" title="Trefassystem – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trefassystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="முத்தறுவாய் மின்திறன் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முத்தறுவாய் மின்திறன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2_3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AA" title="ระบบไฟฟ้า 3 เฟส – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบไฟฟ้า 3 เฟส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Трифазна система електропостачання – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трифазна система електропостачання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="三相電 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="三相電" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471846#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Three-phase_electric_power" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471846" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(пренасочване от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Трифазен ток">Трифазен ток</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Threephasepolemountclose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Threephasepolemountclose.jpg/220px-Threephasepolemountclose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Threephasepolemountclose.jpg/330px-Threephasepolemountclose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Threephasepolemountclose.jpg/440px-Threephasepolemountclose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Трифазен трансформатор с 4 извода за 208Y/120V услуги: 1 за нула и 3 за фазите A, B и C.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Трифазната токова система</b> е разпространен начин за <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрическа генерация">генерация</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пренос на електрическа енергия">пренос</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Разпределение на електрическата енергия">разпределение</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електрическа мощност">електрическа енергия</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Тя е вид <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Многофазна токова система">многофазна токова система</a> и най-често използваният метод за пренос на електроенергия чрез <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Електроснабдителна мрежа">електроснабдителни мрежи</a>. Използва се и за захранване на мощни <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Електромотор">електромотори</a> в транспорта, промишлеността и други съоръжения изискващи големи мощности. </p><p>В общия случай трифазната система е по-икономична от еквивалентна <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монофазна система (страницата не съществува)">монофазна</a> със същото фазово напрежение, защото използва по-малко <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Проводник">проводим</a> материал за да пренесе определено количество <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Електроенергия">електроенергия</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Трифазната система е разработена независимо от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галилео Ферарис (страницата не съществува)">Галилео Ферарис</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Михаил Доливо-Доброволский (страницата не съществува)">Михаил Доливо-Доброволский</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йонас Венстрьом (страницата не съществува)">Йонас Венстрьом</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла">Никола Тесла</a> към края на 1880-те години. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Основни_величини"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Основни величини</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Основни величини" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Основни величини"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Трифазни_величини"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Трифазни величини</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Трифазни величини" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Трифазни величини"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В трифазните електрически вериги се наблюдават следните величини: </p> <ul><li><i>фазово напрежение</i> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо напрежение">напрежението</a> между кой да е линеен проводник и нулевия проводник (или звезден център);</li> <li><i>линейно напрежение</i> – напрежението между два линейни проводника;</li> <li><i>фазов ток</i> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ток">токът</a>, който протича във фазата;</li> <li><i>линеен ток</i> – токът, който протича в линейния проводник.</li></ul> <p>Величините имат следната зависимост: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g_{1}=G_{1}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g_{1}=G_{1}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/94ccaf541fdffe80b060f731fc959b9f37873959" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.895ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g_{1}=G_{1}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g_{2}=G_{2}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g_{2}=G_{2}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a63054780ef4aa513141f5eb2434af0161139e5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:26.725ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g_{2}=G_{2}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g_{3}=G_{3}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g_{3}=G_{3}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49e35f2a5e8b455335952ae666342f54256ce7f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:26.725ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g_{3}=G_{3}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}"></span></dd></dl> <p>, където <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}"></span> е съответната величина (ток или напрежение), а <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span> е времето. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Трифазни_балансирани_и_небалансирани_системи"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8"></span>Трифазни балансирани и небалансирани системи</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Трифазни балансирани и небалансирани системи" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Трифазни балансирани и небалансирани системи"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Една система с трифазни величини е <i>балансирана</i>, ако и трите величини (синусоидални времеви функции) имат една и съща <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Амплитуда">амплитуда</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G_{1}=G_{2}=G_{3}=G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G_{1}=G_{2}=G_{3}=G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/309b7cfc81a564e7b49dfb873acd40a46946b95c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.765ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G_{1}=G_{2}=G_{3}=G}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Лесно е да се провери, че в този случай: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g_{1}+g_{2}+g_{3}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g_{1}+g_{2}+g_{3}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28eaa4f0fa1c3ae4dcdbd9260137e6b74cb3e4db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.432ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g_{1}+g_{2}+g_{3}=0}"></span></dd></dl> <p>В противния случай трифазната система е <i>небалансирана</i> и тази сума вече е различна от нула. </p><p>Често за напрежението и тока се замества амплитудата с неин израз – функция на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ефективна стойност">ефективна стойност</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i}{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i}{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e75fe51338185bbac7f3a5caeb10717b970be69b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.253ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i}{\sqrt {2}}}"></span> за напрежението</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{i}{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{i}{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f22148bd69cb84b4417dd13785a02b985adacbf3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.921ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{i}{\sqrt {2}}}"></span> за тока</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Преки_и_обратни_трифазни_системи"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8"></span>Преки и обратни трифазни системи</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Преки и обратни трифазни системи" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Преки и обратни трифазни системи"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ако трите напрежения преминават през стойността 0 в реда: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98d33f5d498d528bd8c10edc8ac8c34347f32b3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb04c423c2cb809c30cac725befa14ffbf4c85f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{2}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3237279dde958af2bae661ab58048bda1a9fcdac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{3}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98d33f5d498d528bd8c10edc8ac8c34347f32b3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"></span>, …, трифазната система е <i>пряка</i> и се описва по следния начин: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}=V_{1}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}=V_{1}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/daecb2ff129b63bf60eea4728eefc449988e11f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.54ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}=V_{1}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{2}=V_{2}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}-{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{2}=V_{2}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}-{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5919da8364bd51b7259149286fbff3020054709f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:29.371ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{2}=V_{2}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}-{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{3}=V_{3}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}-{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{3}=V_{3}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}-{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b1518ccac0bae731a3ae9c45a8fa0411df21ba9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:29.371ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{3}=V_{3}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}-{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ако трите напрежения преминават през стойността 0 в реда: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98d33f5d498d528bd8c10edc8ac8c34347f32b3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3237279dde958af2bae661ab58048bda1a9fcdac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{3}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb04c423c2cb809c30cac725befa14ffbf4c85f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{2}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98d33f5d498d528bd8c10edc8ac8c34347f32b3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}}"></span>, …, трифазната система е <i>обратна</i> и се описва по следния начин: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}=V_{1}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}=V_{1}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/daecb2ff129b63bf60eea4728eefc449988e11f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.54ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}=V_{1}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1})}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{2}=V_{2}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{2}=V_{2}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df8aa8e820ddfc63e6293afa31b72e1c73d0f494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:29.371ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{2}=V_{2}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {2}{3}}\pi )}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{3}=V_{3}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{3}=V_{3}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75d6c3b9b1f47c7d02902fdf3413d6731e7da161" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:29.371ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{3}=V_{3}{\sqrt {2}}\sin(\omega t+\varphi _{1}+{\tfrac {4}{3}}\pi )}"></span></dd></dl> <p>За да се обърне реда на фазите, тоест да се премине от пряк към обратен ред или реципрочно (например за да се обърне въртенето на трифазен двигател) е достатъчно да се размени свързването на две фази. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Принцип_на_действие"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BF_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Принцип на действие</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Принцип на действие" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Принцип на действие"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:3_phase_AC_waveform.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/3_phase_AC_waveform.svg/220px-3_phase_AC_waveform.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/3_phase_AC_waveform.svg/330px-3_phase_AC_waveform.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/3_phase_AC_waveform.svg/440px-3_phase_AC_waveform.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Нормализирани вълнови форми на моментни напрежения в трифазна система за един период от време. Последователността на фазите е 1-2-3. Този цикъл се повтаря с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Честота">честотата</a> на електрическата система. В идеалния случай напрежението, тока и мощността на всяка фаза са отместени от другите фази на 120°.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg/220px-Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg/330px-Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg/440px-Three_Phase_Electric_Power_Transmission.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Трифазни <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Електрически далекопровод">електрически далекопроводи</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Transzformator-allomas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Transzformator-allomas.jpg/220px-Transzformator-allomas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Transzformator-allomas.jpg/330px-Transzformator-allomas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Transzformator-allomas.jpg/440px-Transzformator-allomas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Трифазен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Трансформатор">трансформатор</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Бекешчаба">Бекешчаба</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария">Унгария</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>В симетрична трифазна система три проводника пренасят променлив ток на една и съща честота и напрежение, но с фазова разлика ⅓ от периода. Поради фазовата разлика, напрежението на даден проводник достига своя връх при една трета от периода. Тази характеристика предоставя постоянно електрозахранване към балансиран линеен товар. Също така позволява създаването на въртящо се <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Магнитно поле">магнитно поле</a> в електромотор и генерирането на други фазови отмествания, използвайки трансформатори. </p><p>Трифазните системи най-често биват симетрични. Въпреки че е възможно да се проектира и приложи асиметрична трифазна система (т.е. с различни напрежения или фазово отместване), те не се използват в практиката, защото им липсват най-важните предимства на симетричните системи. </p><p>При трифазните системи, захранващи балансиран и линеен товар, сумата на моментните стойности на тока на трите проводника е нула. С други думи, токът във всеки проводник е равен на сумата на токовете в другите два проводника, но с обратен знак. Обратният път за тока в кой да е проводник е, всъщност, другите два проводника. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Предимства"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BC.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Предимства</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Предимства" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Предимства"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Сравнено с монофазна променливотокова захранваща система, която използва два проводника (фаза и нула), трифазно захранване без нула и със същото линейно напрежение може да пренесе три пъти повече електроенергия, използвайки едва 1,5 пъти повече проводници (три, вместо два). Оттук, съотношението капацитет към проводим материал се удвоява. Същото съотношение може да бъде достигнато и с централно заземена монофазна система.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Постоянният пренос на електроенергия и взаимното анулиране на токовете на теория е възможно с всякакъв брой (по-голям от 3) фази, поддържащи съотношението двойно по-голямо от това при монофазните системи. От една страна двуфазната електроенергия води до по-малко гладък <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%89_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Въртящ момент">въртящ момент</a> в двигателите, което означава, че поддържането на уравновесен пренос на енергия е проблем. От друга страна, повече от три фази ненужно усложнява инфраструктурата.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Трифазните системи могат да съдържат и четвърти проводник. Това се изпълнява главно при разпределението на ниско напрежение. Това е неутралният проводник (нула). Нулата позволява три отделни монофазни захранвания да бъдат снабдени с напрежение и често се използва за захранването на групи битови уреди, които са монофазни товари. Контактите се подреждат така, че да са възможно най-отдалечени във всяка група и еднакво количество електроенергия да бъде извличано от всяка фаза. По-нататък в електроразпределителната мрежа токовете обикновено са добре балансирани. Трансформаторите могат да бъдат свързвани по такъв начин, че да имат първична <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Намотка">намотка</a> с три проводника и вторична намотка с 4 проводника, така позволявайки включването на небалансирани товари. </p><p>Трифазното захранване има свойства, които го правят много желано в системите за разпределение на електрическа енергия: </p> <ul><li>Фазовите токове се анулират един друг и имат сбор равен на нула при линейни балансирани товари. Това позволява да се намали размера на неутралния проводник, който пренася малко или никакъв ток. При балансиран товар всички фазови проводници пренасят еднакъв ток и могат да бъдат еднакви по размер.</li> <li>Енергийният трансфер към линеен балансиран товар е постоянен, което помага да се намалят генераторните и моторните вибрации.</li> <li>Трифазните системи могат да пораждат въртящо се магнитно поле със специфична посока и постоянна големина, което опростява проектирането на електрическите мотори.</li> <li>Сумата от мощностите на отделните фази в трифазната система не приема нулеви стойности, което я прави ефективна.</li></ul> <p>Почти всички домакински товари са монофазни. В много страни е възможно трифазно захранване на жилищни блокове, но домакинските товари се свързват само към една фаза. В слабо населените райони може да се използва само една фаза за електроразпределение. Някои по-мощни домакински уреди, като електрически печки или сушилни могат да се захранват от две или три фази, вместо една, за да се намали големината на тока, така че на домакинствата с такива уреди трябва да бъдат предоставени повече от една фаза. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Последователност_на_фазите"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5"></span>Последователност на фазите</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Последователност на фазите" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Последователност на фазите"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Инсталирането на три фази обикновено се идентифицира чрез цветови кодове, които варират според държавата. Свързването на фазите в правилен ред е нужно, за да се осигури предвидената посока на въртене на трифазните двигатели. Например, помпите и вентилаторите не могат да работят на заден ход. Поддържането на еднаквостта на фазите е необходимо, ако съществува възможност два източника да бъдат свързани по едно и също време. Директното свързване на две фази води до <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Късо съединение">късо съединение</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Произвеждане_и_разпределение"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Произвеждане и разпределение</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Произвеждане и разпределение" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Произвеждане и разпределение"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:3-phase_flow.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/3-phase_flow.gif/357px-3-phase_flow.gif" decoding="async" width="357" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/3-phase_flow.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Анимация на трифазно протичане на ток.</figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:368px;"> <table style="background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; width:364px;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"> <td style="padding: auto; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="alt=Вляво: трифазен алтернатор с 6 проводника, при когото всяка фаза използва различна двойка преносни проводници.[5] Вдясно: трифазен алтернатор с 3 проводника, показващ как фазите могат да споделят само три проводника.[6] Вляво: трифазен алтернатор с 6 проводника, при когото всяка фаза използва различна двойка преносни проводници.[5] Вдясно: трифазен алтернатор с 3 проводника, показващ как фазите могат да споделят само три проводника.[6]"><img alt="alt=Вляво: трифазен алтернатор с 6 проводника, при когото всяка фаза използва различна двойка преносни проводници.[5] Вдясно: трифазен алтернатор с 3 проводника, показващ как фазите могат да споделят само три проводника.[6] Вляво: трифазен алтернатор с 6 проводника, при когото всяка фаза използва различна двойка преносни проводници.[5] Вдясно: трифазен алтернатор с 3 проводника, показващ как фазите могат да споделят само три проводника.[6]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg/250px-Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg/375px-Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg/500px-Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_6wire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="1658" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; width: 2px"> </td> <td style="padding: auto; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Вляво: трифазен алтернатор с 6 проводника, при когото всяка фаза използва различна двойка преносни проводници.[5] Вдясно: трифазен алтернатор с 3 проводника, показващ как фазите могат да споделят само три проводника.[6]"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg/110px-Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg/165px-Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg/220px-Hawkins_Electrical_Guide_-_3phase_Elementary_3wire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="1317" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;" colspan="3"><div class="thumbcaption">Вляво: трифазен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Алтернатор">алтернатор</a> с 6 проводника, при когото всяка фаза използва различна двойка преносни проводници.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Вдясно: трифазен алтернатор с 3 проводника, показващ как фазите могат да споделят само три проводника.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Електрическа централа">електрическата централа</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електрически генератор">генератор</a> превръща механичната енергия в набор от три променливи тока, по един от всяка намотка на генератора. Намотките са подредени така, че токовете да се променят <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Синус (математика)">синусоидално</a>, по един от всяка намотка на генератора. Самите намотки са подредени по такъв начин, че токовете да варират синусоидално с една и съща честота, но с изместени максимуми и минимуми на вълната, за да се предоставят три допълнителни тока с разлика във фазата равна на ⅓ от периода (120° или <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="template-дроб" style="font-size:0.8em"><sup>2π</sup><big>⁄</big><sub>3</sub></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Радиан">rad</a>). Честотата на генератора обикновено е 50 или 60 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a>, според държавата. </p><p>В електроцентралата трансформаторите повишават напрежението от генераторите до ниво, подходящо за пренос на електроенергия, и с цел да се намалят загубите. След по-нататъшни преобразувания на напрежението в мрежата, то се трансформира в стандартното за използване, преди да се предостави на потребителите. </p><p>Повечето автомобилни алтернатори генерират трифазен променлив ток и го <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Токоизправител">изправят</a> чрез <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Мост на Грец">мост на Грец</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Свързване_на_трансформатори"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B2.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Свързване на трансформатори</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Свързване на трансформатори" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Свързване на трансформатори"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Трансформаторна намотка, свързана в тип „делта“ (Δ, триъгълник), е свързана между фазите на трифазна система. Свързването тип „звезда“ (Y) свързва всяка намотка от фазов проводник до обща неутрална точка. Може да се използва един трифазен трансформатор или три монофазови трансформатора. </p><p>При „отворена делта“ (V) се използват само два трансформатора. Затворена делта, съставена от три монофазни трансформатора може да работи като отворена делта, в случай че единия от трансформаторите спре да работи или е премахнат.<sup id="cite_ref-Fowler_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fowler-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> При отворена делта всеки трансформатор трябва да пренася ток за съответните си фази, както и тока за трета фаза, следователно капацитетът е намален до 87%. С един липсващ трансформатор и два работещи на 87% ефективност, капацитетът е 58% (⅔ от 87%).<sup id="cite_ref-power_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Там, където дадена делта система трябва да бъде заземена, за да се засече разсейването на ток или за защита от прекалено високо напрежение, може да се използва заземяващ трансформатор, който отвежда разсейването на ток от коя да е фаза към земята. Друга възможност е делта системата да се заземи при единия от контактите на трансформаторите.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вериги_с_три_и_четири_проводника"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B8_.D1.81_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Вериги с три и четири проводника</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вериги с три и четири проводника" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Вериги с три и четири проводника"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg/220px-The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg/330px-The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg/440px-The_basic_3-phase_configurations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Свързване тип звезда (Y) и делта (Δ).</figcaption></figure> <p>Двете основни трифазни конфигурации са звезда (Y) и делта (Δ). Както се вижда от картинката, делта конфигурацията се нуждае от три проводника за пренос, но звездата има нужда от четвърти проводник. Четвъртият проводник служи за нула и обикновено е заземен. При тези конфигурации не се взима предвид заземителния проводник, който се използва над повечето далекопроводи и служи само за защита от неизправност и не пренася никакъв ток при нормални условия. </p><p>Система с четири проводника и симетрично линейно напрежение се получава, когато нула се свърже към общия звезден център на захранващите намотки. В тази система трите фази имат еднакво напрежение, сравнено с нулата. Звездната конфигурация се използва, когато имаме нужда от гъвкавост при избора на напрежение. Неизправност в една фаза, би задействала съответната ѝ защита (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Електрически предпазител">предпазител</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Електрически прекъсвач">прекъсвач</a>) и не би имала ефект върху другите фази или товари. Пример за приложение е местното разпределение в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a>, където всеки потребител може да използва само една фаза и нула. Когато група потребители, използващи една и съща нула, черпят различен фазов ток, общата нула пренася тока, който представлява разликата от този дисбаланс. Електроинженерите се опитват да проектират системите така, че товарите да са максимално балансирани в помещенията, където се използва трифазен ток.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Същият принцип важи и за широкото разпределение на електричество до отделни помещения. Разпределителните дружества се стремят към максимално балансиран товар при захранване, като в същото време разпределят енергията по три фази до голям брой помещения. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Delta-Wye_Transformer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Delta-Wye_Transformer.png/220px-Delta-Wye_Transformer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Delta-Wye_Transformer.png/330px-Delta-Wye_Transformer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Delta-Wye_Transformer.png/440px-Delta-Wye_Transformer.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Свързване делта-звезда в ядрото на трансформатор.</figcaption></figure> <p>За домашни нужди някои страни като <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Великобритания">Великобритания</a> могат да предоставят фаза и нула с по-висок ток (до 100А) към дадена собственост, докато други като <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> могат да доставят три фази и нула до всеки клиент, но с по-ниска граница за големина на тока (обикновено до 32А за фаза). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:High_leg_delta_transformer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/High_leg_delta_transformer.svg/220px-High_leg_delta_transformer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/High_leg_delta_transformer.svg/330px-High_leg_delta_transformer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/High_leg_delta_transformer.svg/440px-High_leg_delta_transformer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Трансформатор за делта система, използван за смесване на монофазни и трифазни товари в една и съща преносна система. Трифазни мотори могат да се свържат към L1, L2 и L3. Монофазни товари могат да се свържат между L1 или L2 и нула, или между L1 и L2. Фазата L3 е с напрежение 1,73 пъти по-високо от това на L1 или L2 към нула, затова не се използва за монофазни товари.</figcaption></figure> <p>В Северна Америка понякога се използва такова делта захранване, при което едната захранваща намотка на делта-свързан трансформатор се избира за централна, заземява се и се свързва като нула, както е показано на картинката. Тази инсталация произвежда три различни напрежения. Ако напрежението между центъра (нула) и коя да е от двете съседни фази е 120V, напрежението междуфазовото напрежение е 240V.<sup id="cite_ref-Fowler_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fowler-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Обикновено делта-свързано захранване се използва за големи мотори, изискващи въртящо се магнитно поле. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Балансирани_вериги"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B8"></span>Балансирани вериги</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Балансирани вериги" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Балансирани вериги"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В идеалния случай всички три линии имат еднакъв товар. Изследвайки веригите може да се изведе връзка между линейните напрежение и ток и напрежението и тока на товар, свързан на делта или звезда. </p><p>В една балансирана система всяка линия би произвеждала еднакво напрежение с фазови ъгли, които са наравно отдалечени един от друг. С V<sub>1</sub> като отправна точка и V<sub>3</sub>, което изостава зад V<sub>2</sub>, което изостава зад V<sub>1</sub>, имаме:<sup id="cite_ref-GloverSarma2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GloverSarma2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ },}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ },}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1cf439bd97f2ca0de6d6aa120615752f3360cf6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.897ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ },}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{2}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ },}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>120</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{2}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ },}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be2f7607acb0d5b86c0a5e42dbc3422466575cd4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.03ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{2}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ },}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{3}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle {+120}^{\circ }.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>120</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{3}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle {+120}^{\circ }.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c979f001ae022df60c567b0b145b787ad8e5b6a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.03ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{3}=V_{\text{LN}}\angle {+120}^{\circ }.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Тези напрежения захранват товар, свързан на делта или звезда. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Звезда_(Y)"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B0_.28Y.29"></span>Звезда (Y)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Звезда (Y)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Звезда (Y)"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg/220px-3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg/330px-3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg/440px-3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Wye_Load.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Трифазен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Алтернатор">алтернатор</a>, свързан на звезда към товар, свързан на звезда.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wye_connection_line_voltages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wye_connection_line_voltages.png/220px-Wye_connection_line_voltages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wye_connection_line_voltages.png/330px-Wye_connection_line_voltages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wye_connection_line_voltages.png/440px-Wye_connection_line_voltages.png 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Фазова диаграма за звездна конфигурация, при която V<sub>ab</sub> е линейното напрежение и V<sub>an</sub> е фазовото напрежение. Напреженията са балансирани, когато:<p>V<sub>ab</sub> = (1∠α – 1∠α + 120°) </p><p>= 3<sup>1/2</sup>|V|∠α + 30°</p>V<sub>bc</sub> = 3<sup>1/2</sup>|V|∠α – 90°<p>V<sub>ca</sub> = 3<sup>1/2</sup>|V|∠α + 150°</p><p>(α = 0 в случая)</p></figcaption></figure> <p>Напрежението у товара зависи от свързването му. За свързване тип звезда, свързването на товар към фаза ни дава:<sup id="cite_ref-GloverSarma2011_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GloverSarma2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{1}={\frac {V_{1}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>вс</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{1}={\frac {V_{1}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97df63d64b1572e7f969a9c930eb598b75c05c9e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:18.162ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{1}={\frac {V_{1}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{2}={\frac {V_{2}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (-120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>вс</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{2}={\frac {V_{2}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (-120^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9259e596f9ac039d321a3c73ee07d2f666da2aa6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:25.544ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{2}={\frac {V_{2}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (-120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{3}={\frac {V_{3}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>вс</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{3}={\frac {V_{3}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (120^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0fa0eb9cf62d42a8a6aeb4eba1a4dc984a6ae0e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:23.736ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{3}={\frac {V_{3}}{|Z_{\text{вс}}|}}\angle (120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <p>, където <i>Z</i><sub>total</sub> е сумата на линейния и товарния импеданс (<i>Z</i><sub>вс</sub> = <i>Z</i><sub>LN</sub> + <i>Z</i><sub>Y</sub>), и <i>θ</i> е фазата на общия импеданс (<i>Z</i><sub>вс</sub>). </p><p>Разликата във фазовите ъгли между напрежението и тока на всяка фаза не е винаги е 0 и е не зависи от вида на товарния импеданс, <i>Z</i><sub>y</sub>. Индуктивните и капацитивните товари биха предизвикали тока да изостава или напредва, в сравнение с напрежението. Обаче, относителният фазов ъгъл между всяка двойка линии (1 към 2, 2 към 3, и 3 към 1) все още би бил 120°. </p><p>Използвайки първия <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Закони на Кирхоф">закон на Кирхоф</a> за неутралния възел, сумата на трите тока е равна на тока в неутралната линия. В балансирания случай: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{1}+I_{2}+I_{3}=I_{\text{N}}=0.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>N</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{1}+I_{2}+I_{3}=I_{\text{N}}=0.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2f2f68b464826ec2f517ac41c3601778ff820de" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:22.407ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{1}+I_{2}+I_{3}=I_{\text{N}}=0.}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Делта_(Δ)"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0_.28.CE.94.29"></span>Делта (Δ)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Делта (Δ)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Делта (Δ)"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg/220px-3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg/330px-3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg/440px-3_Phase_Power_Connected_to_Delta_Load.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Трифазен алтернатор, свързан на звезда към товар, свързан на делта.</figcaption></figure> <p>При делта веригите товарите са свързани между линиите:<sup id="cite_ref-GloverSarma2011_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GloverSarma2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{12}&=V_{1}-V_{2}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle 30^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{1}\angle (\phi _{V_{1}}+30^{\circ }),\\V_{23}&=V_{2}-V_{3}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 120^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-90}^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{2}\angle (\phi _{V_{2}}+30^{\circ }),\\V_{31}&=V_{3}-V_{1}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 120^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle 150^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{3}\angle (\phi _{V_{3}}+30^{\circ }).\\\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>120</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>120</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>150</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{12}&=V_{1}-V_{2}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle 30^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{1}\angle (\phi _{V_{1}}+30^{\circ }),\\V_{23}&=V_{2}-V_{3}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 120^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-90}^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{2}\angle (\phi _{V_{2}}+30^{\circ }),\\V_{31}&=V_{3}-V_{1}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 120^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle 150^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{3}\angle (\phi _{V_{3}}+30^{\circ }).\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c06801f264e7314955f0c434a4f20b938f3e5ce1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -9.171ex; width:46.24ex; height:19.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{12}&=V_{1}-V_{2}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle 30^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{1}\angle (\phi _{V_{1}}+30^{\circ }),\\V_{23}&=V_{2}-V_{3}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-120}^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 120^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle {-90}^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{2}\angle (\phi _{V_{2}}+30^{\circ }),\\V_{31}&=V_{3}-V_{1}=(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 120^{\circ })-(V_{\text{LN}}\angle 0^{\circ })\\&={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}\angle 150^{\circ }={\sqrt {3}}V_{3}\angle (\phi _{V_{3}}+30^{\circ }).\\\end{aligned}}}"></span> </p><p>(Φ<sub>v1</sub> е фазовото отместване за първото напрежение, обикновено прието да е 0°. В случая Φ<sub>v2</sub> = -120° и Φ<sub>v3</sub> = -240° или 120°) </p><p>Също така: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{12}={\frac {V_{12}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (30^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{12}={\frac {V_{12}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (30^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da835f68dd787607d6ba4787796bda2193ec6ff0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:22.76ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{12}={\frac {V_{12}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (30^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{23}={\frac {V_{23}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (-90^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{23}={\frac {V_{23}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (-90^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd0050e60069c4d6b326542572d3635f8ef99c6c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:24.569ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{23}={\frac {V_{23}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (-90^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{31}={\frac {V_{31}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (150^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>150</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{31}={\frac {V_{31}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (150^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02664056fa4520a89dc1ebb4340b2f34554c759c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:23.923ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{31}={\frac {V_{31}}{|Z_{\Delta }|}}\angle (150^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <p>, където <i>θ</i> е фазата на делта импеданса (<i>Z</i><sub>Δ</sub>). </p><p>Относителните ъгли се запазват, така че <i>I</i><sub>31</sub> изостава след <i>I</i><sub>23</sub>, който изостава след <i>I</i><sub>12</sub> на 120°. Изчислението на линейните токове, използвайки закона на Кирхоф за всеки делта възел ни дава: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I_{1}&=I_{12}-I_{31}=I_{12}-I_{12}\angle 120^{\circ }\\&={\sqrt {3}}I_{12}\angle (\phi _{I_{12}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{12}\angle (-\theta )\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I_{1}&=I_{12}-I_{31}=I_{12}-I_{12}\angle 120^{\circ }\\&={\sqrt {3}}I_{12}\angle (\phi _{I_{12}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{12}\angle (-\theta )\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a86da928b90a569d08c3c617b1d223121f510bf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.954ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I_{1}&=I_{12}-I_{31}=I_{12}-I_{12}\angle 120^{\circ }\\&={\sqrt {3}}I_{12}\angle (\phi _{I_{12}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{12}\angle (-\theta )\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>и по подобен начин за всяка друга линия: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{2}={\sqrt {3}}I_{23}\angle (\phi _{I_{23}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{23}\angle (-120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{2}={\sqrt {3}}I_{23}\angle (\phi _{I_{23}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{23}\angle (-120^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf19a8cbf72d13ad1f33109ffbcf6e6741c5fe0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:48.231ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{2}={\sqrt {3}}I_{23}\angle (\phi _{I_{23}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{23}\angle (-120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{3}={\sqrt {3}}I_{31}\angle (\phi _{I_{31}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{31}\angle (120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>120</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{3}={\sqrt {3}}I_{31}\angle (\phi _{I_{31}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{31}\angle (120^{\circ }-\theta ),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff84c5387671dc4f79a4354ab4e97a162aa63490" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:46.423ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{3}={\sqrt {3}}I_{31}\angle (\phi _{I_{31}}-30^{\circ })={\sqrt {3}}I_{31}\angle (120^{\circ }-\theta ),}"></span></dd></dl> <p>, където <i>θ</i> е фазата на делта импеданса (<i>Z</i><sub>Δ</sub>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Delta_connection_currents.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Delta_connection_currents.png/220px-Delta_connection_currents.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Delta_connection_currents.png/330px-Delta_connection_currents.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Delta_connection_currents.png/440px-Delta_connection_currents.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Делта конфигурация и съответната <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Комплексен вектор">комплексна</a> диаграма на токовете ѝ. Фазовите напрежения са равни на линейните напрежения, а токовете се изчисляват така:<p>I<sub>a</sub> = I<sub>ab</sub> – I<sub>ca</sub> = 3<sup>1/2</sup>I<sub>ab</sub>∠-30°</p><p>I<sub>b</sub> = I<sub>bc</sub> – I<sub>ab</sub></p><p>I<sub>c</sub> = I<sub>ca</sub> – I<sub>bc</sub></p><p>Общата пренесена мощност е </p><p>S<sub>3Φ</sub> = 3V<sub>фаза</sub>I*<sub>фаза</sub></p></figcaption></figure> <p>Разликата между две фазови напрежения ни дава линейно напрежение, което е по-голямо 3<sup>1/2</sup> пъти. Когато товар, свързан на делта се свърже към фазите на трансформатор, той предоставя линейно напрежение, което е 3<sup>1/2</sup> пъти по-голямо от фазовото напрежение, което се предоставя при свързването тип звезда. Тъй като пренесената мощност е V<sup>2</sup>/Z, импедансът в делта конфигурацията трябва да е 3 пъти по-голям от този, който би бил при звездна конфигурация за същата мощност. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Монофазни_товари"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Монофазни товари</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Монофазни товари" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Монофазни товари"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Монофазните товари могат да се свързват между кои да е две фази или между фаза или нула.<sup id="cite_ref-IAEI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAEI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Разпределението на монофазни товари по фазите на трифазна система балансира товара и допринася с най-икономичното използване на проводници и трансформатори. </p><p>В симетрична трифазна система, свързана на звезда, трите проводника имат едно и също напрежение към нулата. Линейното напрежение между проводниците е <span class="nowrap">√<span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 0.1em">3</span></span> пъти по-високо от фазовото напрежение:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{\text{LL}}={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LL</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LN</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{\text{LL}}={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f86d03e00ded485456a7db893d67d6a271211c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.333ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{\text{LL}}={\sqrt {3}}V_{\text{LN}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Токовете, които се връщат от потребителските помещения към захранващия трансформатор, ползват обща нула. Ако товарите са разномерно разпределени по трите фази, сумата от връщащите се токове в нулата е приблизително равна на нула. Всеки небалансиран товар би използвал неефективно капацитета на трансформатора. </p><p>Ако захранващата нула е неизправна, фазовото напрежение не може да се поддържа. Фазите с по-голям относителен заряд биха изпитали понижено напрежение, а фазите с по-малък относителен заряд биха изпитали завишено напрежение, достигащо линейно. </p><p>Тъй като <span class="nowrap">√<span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 0.1em">3</span></span> ≈ 1,73, определянето на <span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: times, serif, palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000; font-size: 120%;"><i>V</i><sub>LN</sub></span> като 100% ни дава <span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: times, serif, palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000; font-size: 120%;"><i>V</i><sub>LL</sub></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: times, serif, palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000; font-size: 120%;">≈ 100% × 1,73 = 173%</span>. Ако се приеме, че <span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: times, serif, palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000; font-size: 120%;"><i>V</i><sub>LL</sub></span> е 100%, тогава <span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: times, serif, palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000; font-size: 120%;"><i>V</i><sub>LN</sub> ≈ 57,7%</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Небалансирани_товари"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B5.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Небалансирани товари</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Редактиране на раздел: Небалансирани товари" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Небалансирани товари"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Когато токовете на трите проводника на трифазна система не са равни или не са с фазова разлика от 120°, загубите в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мощност">мощността</a> са по-високи от тези на балансирана система. За анализа на небалансирани системи се използва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метод на симетричните съставящи (страницата не съществува)">метода на симетричните съставящи</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Нелинейни_товари"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Нелинейни товари</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Редактиране на раздел: Нелинейни товари" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Нелинейни товари"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>При линейните товари, нулата пренася ток, вследствие на дисбаланс между фазите. Устройства като <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Импулсен стабилизатор на напрежение (страницата не съществува)">импулсни стабилизатори на напрежение</a>, компютри, офис оборудване и други пораждат <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Хармоници (електричество)">хармоници</a> от трети ред, които са във фаза с всички захранващи фази. Такива хармоници добавят ток към нулата в звездна система, което може да накара тока в нулата да превиши фазовия ток.<sup id="cite_ref-IAEI_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAEI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Трифазни_товари"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Трифазни товари</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Редактиране на раздел: Трифазни товари" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Трифазни товари"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Важен вид трифазен товар е <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрически мотор">електрическия мотор</a>. Трифазният <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Асинхронен двигател">асинхронен двигател</a> има прост дизайн, голям въртящ момент при пускане и висока ефективност като такива мотори се използват в промишлеността за различни цели. Трифазният мотор е по-компактен и по-евтин от монофазен мотор, работещ на същото напрежение, така че монофазните мотори над 10 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A.%D1%81." class="mw-redirect" title="К.с.">к.с.</a> (7.5 kW) са слабо разпространени. Трифазните мотори също така имат по-малко вибрации и съответно работят по-дълго, отколкото монофазните мотори. </p><p>Нагряващите се товари, като например електрически <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бойлер">бойлери</a> или отопление за помещения, могат да се свързват към трифазни системи. Възможно е и захранването на осветителни тела. Трепкането на линейната честота при осветлението може да е пагубно за високоскоростните камери, използвани в спорта за повторения на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Забавен каданс (страницата не съществува)">забавен каданс</a>. То може да се намали, като равномерно се разпредели линейната честота между трите фази в осветлението, така че осветения район да се осветява от трите фази. Тази техника се използва успешно на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_2008" title="Летни олимпийски игри 2008">Летните олимпийски игри през 2008 г.</a><sup id="cite_ref-3phlight_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3phlight-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Токоизправител">Токоизправителите</a> могат да използват трифазен източник на електроенергия за да произведат шест-импулсен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Постоянен ток">постоянен</a> изход.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Изходът на такива изправители е много по-гладък, отколкото при изправителите с монофазно захранване, и не спада до нула между импулсите. Такива токоизправители могат да се използват за зареждане на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Батерия">батерии</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Електролиза">електролитни</a> процеси (например производството на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алуминий">алуминий</a>) или за функционирането на постояннотокови мотори. Друг вид трифазен товар са <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89" title="Електросъпротивителна пещ">електросъпротивителните пещи</a>, които се използват в обработката на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал">метали</a>. </p><p>В много европейски държави електрическите печки обикновено се проектират за трифазно захранване. Единичните нагревателни елементи често се включват между фаза и нула, за да може да се използва монофазна верига, ако трифазна не е налична.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Други трифазни товари в бита могат да са <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инстантен бойлер (страницата не съществува)">инстантните бойлери</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Топлинен акумулатор (страницата не съществува)">топлинните акумулатори</a>. В Европа е стандартизирано номиналното фазово напрежение от 230V. Повечето жилища се захранват от трифазен уличен трансформатор, така че отделните помещения с наднормено потребление да могат да използват втора или трета връзка. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Фазови_преобразуватели"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Фазови преобразуватели</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Редактиране на раздел: Фазови преобразуватели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Фазови преобразуватели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фазов преобразувател (страницата не съществува)">Фазовите преобразуватели</a> се използват, когато трифазно оборудване трябва да работи с монофазен източник. Често се прилагат, когато трифазно захранване не е налично или рентабилно. Такива преобразуватели могат да позволят на честотата да се променя, разрешавайки контрол над скоростта. Някои <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Локомотив">локомотиви</a> използват монофазен източник за да подкарват трифазни мотори чрез електронно управление.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ротационен преобразувател">Ротационен преобразувател</a> може да бъде трифазен мотор със специално начално подреждане и поправка на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Фактор на мощността">фактора на мощността</a>, което поражда балансирани трифазови напрежения. При правилно проектиране тези роторни преобразуватели могат да позволят задоволителното функциониране на трифазен мотор, свързан към монофазен източник. В едно такова устройство съхранението на енергията се изпълнява от <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Инерция">инерцията</a> на въртящите се елементи. Понякога се добавя външен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Маховик">маховик</a> към края на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB)" title="Вал (машинен детайл)">вала</a>. </p><p>Трифазен генератор може да бъде захранван от монофазен мотор. Тази комбинация мотор-генератор може да породи промена на честотата, както и преобразуване на фазата, но изисква две машини с всичките им разходи и загуби. Методът мотор-генератор може да образува <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Непрекъсваемо захранване">непрекъсваемо захранване</a>, когато се използва в съчетание с голям маховик и постояннотоков мотор с батерийно захранване за наистина постоянен поток на енергията. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор">Кондензаторите</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Автотрансформатор">автотрансформаторите</a> могат да се използват за приближение на трифазна система в статичен фазов преобразувател, но напрежението и фазовият ъгъл на допълнителната фаза биха били полезни само за определени товари. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Честотен регулатор (страницата не съществува)">Честотните регулатори</a> и цифровите фазови преобразуватели използват силови електронни устройства за да произвеждат балансирано трифазно захранване от монофазен вход. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Цветови_кодове"><span id=".D0.A6.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>Цветови кодове</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Редактиране на раздел: Цветови кодове" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Цветови кодове"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Проводниците на трифазните системи обикновено се идентифицират по <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Цвят (оптика)">цветови</a> код, за да се осигури балансирано натоварване и правилното въртене на фазата на моторите. Използваните цветове могат да спазват стандарта <a href="/wiki/IEC" title="IEC">IEC</a> 60445, по-стари стандарти или никакви стандати и могат да се различават даже в една и съща инсталация. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Страна </th> <th>L1 </th> <th>L2 </th> <th>L3 </th> <th>Нула </th> <th>Земя </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нова Зеландия">Нова Зеландия</a> </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено (или кафяво) </td> <td style="background:white;">Бяло (или черно) (в миналото жълто) </td> <td style="background:darkblue; color:white;">Тъмносиньо или сиво </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно (или синьо) </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици (зелено в стари инсталации) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Канада (задължителни)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:white;">Бяло или сиво </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено, зелено/жълто на ивици </td></tr> <tr> <td>Канада (отделни системи)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:orange;">Оранжево </td> <td style="background:#7f462c; color:white;">Кафяво </td> <td style="background:yellow;">Жълто </td> <td style="background:white;">Бяло или сиво </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено или зелено/жълто на ивици </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз">Европейски съюз</a> и всички страни, които използват стандартите на <a href="/wiki/CENELEC" title="CENELEC">CENELEC</a> от април 2004 г. (IEC 60446): <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Великобритания">Великобритания</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Хонконг">Хонконг</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сингапур">Сингапур</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">Русия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украйна">Украйна</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Беларус">Беларус</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аржентина">Аржентина</a> </td> <td style="background:#7f462c; color:white;">Кафяво </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:gray; color:white;">Сиво </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици </td></tr> <tr> <td>Стари европейски (преди IEC 60446, различни според страната) </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено </td> <td style="background:yellow;">Жълто </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици (зелено преди 1970 г.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Великобритания преди април 2006 г., Хонконг преди април 2009 г., Сингапур преди февруари 2011 г., <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия">Малайзия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%90%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="ЮАР">ЮАР</a> </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено </td> <td style="background:yellow;">Жълто </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици (зелено преди 1970 г.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия">Индия</a> </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено </td> <td style="background:yellow;">Жълто </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици или зелено </td></tr> <tr> <td>Бившите страни от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="СССР">СССР</a> преди 2009 г., <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай">Китай</a> </td> <td style="background:yellow;">Жълто </td> <td style="background:green; color:white;">Зелено </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено </td> <td style="background:#09f; color:white;">Небесносиньо </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:white; color:gray;">Бяло/сиво </td> <td style="background:#7f462c; color:white;">Кафяво </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:yellow; color:green;">Зелено/жълто на ивици (жълто в стари инсталации) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a> (обща практика)<sup id="cite_ref-note5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">Черно </td> <td style="background:red; color:white;">Червено </td> <td style="background:blue; color:white;">Синьо </td> <td style="background:white; color:gray;">Бяло/сиво </td> <td style="background:green; color:yellow;">Зелено/жълто на ивици </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">САЩ (алтернативна практика) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#7f462c; color:white;">Кафяво </td> <td style="background:orange;">Оранжево (при свързване на делта) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:yellow;">Жълто </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:gray; color:white;">Бяло/сиво </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:green; color:white;">Зелено </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#93f; color:white;">Виолетово (при свързване на звезда) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Многофазна токова система">Многофазна токова система</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фазомер">Фазомер</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcGraw-Hill1975" class="book" style="font-style:normal">William D. Stevenson, Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsofpowers0000stev_q2l8">Elements of Power System Analysis Third Edition</a>.  Ню Йорк, McGraw-Hill, 1975. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0070612854" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-061285-4</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsofpowers0000stev_q2l8/page/2">2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAllaboutcircuits.com" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_10/2.html">Three-phase power systems: Polyphase Ac Circuits – Electronics Textbook</a> //   Allaboutcircuits.com. Посетен на 12 февруари 2017.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPitman1950" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Cotton, H. Electrical Technology. 6th Ed.  Лондон, Pitman, 1950. с. 268.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Meier2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal">von Meier, Alexandra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electricpowersys00meie">Electric Power Systems</a>.  Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780471178590" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-471-17859-0</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electricpowersys00meie/page/n177">160</a>. <i>We also stated one rationale for this three-phase system; namely, that a three-phase generator experiences a constant torque on its rotor as opposed to the pulsating torque that appears in a single- or two-phase machine, which is obviously preferable from a mechanical engineering standpoint.</i></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hawkins Electrical Guide</i>, Theo. Audel and Co., 2nd ed., 1917, vol. 4, Ch. 46: Alternating Currents, p. 1026, fig. 1260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hawkins Electrical Guide</i>, Theo. Audel and Co., 2nd ed., 1917, vol. 4, Ch. 46: Alternating Currents, p. 1026, fig. 1261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fowler-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Fowler_7-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fowler_7-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcGraw-Hill2011" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Fowler, Nick. Electrician's Calculations Manual. 2nd Edition.  McGraw-Hill, 2011. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780071770170" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-07-177017-0</a>. с. 3 – 5.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-power-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-power_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcGraw-Hill1920" class="book" style="font-style:normal">McGraw-Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u91QAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA673&lpg=PA673">Three-Phase Power from Single-Phase Transformer Connections</a> //  <i>Power</i> 51 (17).  1920. Посетен на 12 февруари 2017.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. W. Beaty, D.G.Fink (ed) <i>Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers Fifteenth Edition</i>, McGraw-Hill, 2007 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0071441468" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-144146-8</a>, p. 10 – 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.schneider-electric.us/docs/Circuit%20Protection/Molded%20Case%20Circuit%20Breakers/2700DB0202.pdf">Schneider</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation reference"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911172708/http://www.rapid-tech.com.au/Fluke-2_Saving%20energy%20through%20load%20balancing.pdf">www.rapid-tech.com.au</a>, архив на <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rapid-tech.com.au/Fluke-2_Saving%20energy%20through%20load%20balancing.pdf">оригинала</a> от 11 септември 2014<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911172708/http://www.rapid-tech.com.au/Fluke-2_Saving%20energy%20through%20load%20balancing.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20140911172708/http://www.rapid-tech.com.au/Fluke-2_Saving%20energy%20through%20load%20balancing.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, посетен на 12 февруари 2017</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=www.rapid-tech.com.au&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140911172708%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.rapid-tech.com.au%2FFluke-2_Saving%2520energy%2520through%2520load%2520balancing.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GloverSarma2011-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-GloverSarma2011_12-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GloverSarma2011_12-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GloverSarma2011_12-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCengage_LearningApril_2011" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HrtXToLEbVoC">Power System Analysis & Design</a>.  Cengage Learning, April 2011. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781111425791" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-111-42579-1</a>. с. 60 – 68.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAEI-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-IAEI_13-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAEI_13-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLowenstein" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Lowenstein, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130908001044/http://www.iaei.org/blogpost/890108/159506/The-3rd-Harmonic-Blocking-Filter-A-Well-Established-Approach-to-Harmonic-Current-Mitigation">The 3rd Harmonic Blocking Filter: A Well Established Approach to Harmonic Current Mitigation</a> //   IAEI Magazine.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaei.org/blogpost/890108/159506/The-3rd-Harmonic-Blocking-Filter-A-Well-Established-Approach-to-Harmonic-Current-Mitigation">оригинала</a> на 2013-09-08. Посетен на 12 февруари 2017.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The boy electrician by J W Sims M.I.E.E. (Page 98)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEnjeti" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Enjeti, Prasad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613051835/http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/documents/general_information/presentations/pserc_seminars/pserc_seminars0/enjeti_slides.pdf">Harmonics in Low Voltage Three-Phase Four-Wire Electric Distribution Systems and Filtering Solutions</a> //   Texas A&M University Power Electronics and Power Quality Laboratory.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/documents/general_information/presentations/pserc_seminars/pserc_seminars0/enjeti_slides.pdf">оригинала</a> на 2010-06-13. Посетен на 12 февруари 2017.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3phlight-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3phlight_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHui" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hui, Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geappliances.com/email/olympic_specifier/downloads/SportsLightinginBeijing2008OlympicGames.pdf">Sports Lighting – Design Considerations For The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games</a> //   GE Lighting. Посетен на 12 февруари 2017.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – март 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPekarekNovember_1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Pekarek, Steven и др. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120015710/https://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/es/Nov1998/08/CONVERTR.HTM">ACSL/Graphic Modeller Component Models for Electric Power Education</a> //  <i>IEEE Transactions on Education</i> 41 (4).  November 1998. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TE.1998.787374">10.1109/TE.1998.787374</a>. с. 348.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/es/Nov1998/08/CONVERTR.HTM">оригинала</a> на 2022-01-20.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFElectrical_Times1965" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=O3gnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22full+size+cookers+for+Europe+have+to+be+connected+to+a+three-phase+star+connected+supply%22&dq=%22full+size+cookers+for+Europe+have+to+be+connected+to+a+three-phase+star+connected+supply%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fSipUKXYCfCk0AX4zYDoBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA">British and European practices for domestic appliances compared</a>. Т. 148.  Electrical Times, 1965. с. 691.</cite>}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOct_2011" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr58/pdf/51-60web.pdf">Speeding-up Conventional Lines and Shinkansen</a> //  <i>Japan Railway & Transport Review</i> No. 58.  Oct 2011. с. 58.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – март 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Standards_Association2015" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianelectric0000cana_n0t3">C22.1 – 15—Canadian Electrical Code, Part I: Safety Standard for Electrical Installations</a>. 23rd.  Canadian Standards Association, 2015. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781771397186" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-77139-718-6</a>. с. Rule 4 – 038.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Standards_Association2015" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianelectric0000cana_n0t3">C22.1 – 15—Canadian Electrical Code, Part I: Safety Standard for Electrical Installations</a>. 23rd.  Canadian Standards Association, 2015. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781771397186" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-77139-718-6</a>. с. Rule 24 – 208(c).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note5-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-note5_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See Paul Cook: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electrical.theiet.org/wiring-regulations/cable-colours/harmonised.cfm?type=pdf">Harmonised colours and alphanumeric marking</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031328/http://electrical.theiet.org/wiring-regulations/cable-colours/harmonised.cfm?type=pdf">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2016-03-04 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. IEE Wiring Matters, Spring 2006.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Трифазна_токова_система&oldid=11993699">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Трифазна_токова_система&oldid=11993699</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Категория:Електричество">Електричество</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Електроенергетика">Електроенергетика</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Електротехника">Електротехника</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Категория:Електропреносни системи">Електропреносни системи</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрити категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категория:Статии с неработещи външни препратки">Статии с неработещи външни препратки</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_Webarchive_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_Wayback_Machine" title="Категория:Шаблон Webarchive с препратки към Wayback Machine">Шаблон Webarchive с препратки към Wayback Machine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8,_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Категория:Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN">Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 17 октомври 2023 г. в 02:35 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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