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I will drive Ephraim, Judah must plow, and Jacob must break up the ground. <a href="/nlt/hosea/10.htm">New Living Translation</a> “Israel is like a trained heifer treading out the grain— an easy job she loves. But I will put a heavy yoke on her tender neck. I will force Judah to pull the plow and Israel to break up the hard ground. <a href="/esv/hosea/10.htm">English Standard Version</a> Ephraim was a trained calf that loved to thresh, and I spared her fair neck; but I will put Ephraim to the yoke; Judah must plow; Jacob must harrow for himself. <a href="/bsb/hosea/10.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> Ephraim is a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh; but I will place a yoke on her fair neck. I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, and Jacob will break the hard ground. <a href="/kjv/hosea/10.htm">King James Bible</a> And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods. <a href="/nkjv/hosea/10.htm">New King James Version</a> Ephraim is a trained heifer That loves to thresh grain; But I harnessed her fair neck, I will make Ephraim pull a plow. Judah shall plow; Jacob shall break his clods.” <a href="/nasb_/hosea/10.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh, And I passed over her lovely neck; I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, Jacob will harrow for himself. <a href="/nasb/hosea/10.htm">NASB 1995</a> Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh, But I will come over her fair neck with a yoke; I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, Jacob will harrow for himself. <a href="/nasb77/hosea/10.htm">NASB 1977 </a> And Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh, But I will come over her fair neck with a yoke; I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, Jacob will harrow for himself. <a href="/lsb/hosea/10.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> And Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh, But I will come over her fair neck with a yoke; I will harness Ephraim; Judah will plow; Jacob will harrow for himself. <a href="/amp/hosea/10.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to tread out the grain, But I will come over her fair neck with a heavy yoke [for hard field work]. I will harness Ephraim; Judah will plow and Jacob will harrow and rake for himself. <a href="/csb/hosea/10.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> Ephraim is a well-trained calf that loves to thresh, but I will place a yoke on her fine neck. I will harness Ephraim; Judah will plow; Jacob will do the final plowing. <a href="/hcsb/hosea/10.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> Ephraim is a well-trained calf that loves to thresh, but I will place a yoke on her fine neck. I will harness Ephraim; Judah will plow; Jacob will do the final plowing. <a href="/asv/hosea/10.htm">American Standard Version</a> And Ephraim is a heifer that is taught, that loveth to tread out the grain; but I have passed over upon her fair neck: I will set a rider on Ephraim; Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. <a href="/cev/hosea/10.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Once you were obedient like a calf that loved to thresh grain. But I will put a harness on your beautiful neck; you and Judah must plow and cultivate the ground. <a href="/erv/hosea/10.htm">English Revised Version</a> And Ephraim is an heifer that is taught, that loveth to tread out the corn; but I have passed over upon her fair neck: I will set a rider on Ephraim; Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. <a href="/gwt/hosea/10.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> "Ephraim is like a trained calf that loves to thresh grain. I will put a yoke on its beautiful neck. I will harness Ephraim. Judah must plow. Jacob must break up the ground. <a href="/gnt/hosea/10.htm">Good News Translation</a> "Israel was once like a well-trained young cow, ready and willing to thresh grain. But I decided to put a yoke on her beautiful neck and to harness her for harder work. I made Judah pull the plow and Israel pull the harrow. <a href="/isv/hosea/10.htm">International Standard Version</a> "Ephraim, the well-trained heifer, loves to thresh grain, so I will spare her neck. I will turn Ephraim into a pack animal. Judah will pull the plow, and Jacob will turn up the fallow ground. <a href="/msb/hosea/10.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Ephraim is a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh; but I will place a yoke on her fair neck. I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, and Jacob will break the hard ground. <a href="/net/hosea/10.htm">NET Bible</a> Ephraim was a well-trained heifer who loved to thresh grain; I myself put a fine yokeon her neck. I will harness Ephraim. Let Judah plow! Let Jacob break up the unplowed ground for himself! <a href="/nheb/hosea/10.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh; so I will put a yoke on her beautiful neck. I will set a rider on Ephraim. Judah will plow. Jacob will break his clods. <a href="/wbt/hosea/10.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And Ephraim is as a heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods. <a href="/web/hosea/10.htm">World English Bible</a> Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh, so I will put a yoke on her beautiful neck. I will set a rider on Ephraim. Judah will plow. Jacob will break his clods. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/hosea/10.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And Ephraim [is] a trained heifer—loving to thresh, "" And I have passed over on the goodness of its neck, "" I cause [one] to ride Ephraim, "" Judah plows, Jacob harrows for him. <a href="/ylt/hosea/10.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And Ephraim is a trained heifer -- loving to thresh, And I -- I have passed over on the goodness of its neck, I cause one to ride Ephraim, Plough doth Judah, harrow for him doth Jacob. <a href="/slt/hosea/10.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And Ephraim a heifer being taught, loving to tread out the grain, and I passed over upon the good of her neck: I will cause Ephraim to ride; Judah shall be silent, and Jacob shall be strong to him.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/hosea/10.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Ephraim is a heifer taught to love to tread out corn, but I passed over upon the beauty of her neck: I will ride upon Ephraim, Juda shall plough, Jacob shall break the furrows for himself. <a href="/cpdv/hosea/10.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> Ephraim is a heifer that has been taught to love treading out the grain, but I passed over the beauty of her neck. I will rise over Ephraim. Judah will plough; Jacob will break up the soil for himself. <a href="/nabre/hosea/10.htm">New American Bible</a> Ephraim was a trained heifer, that loved to thresh; I myself laid a yoke upon her beautiful neck; I will make Ephraim break ground, Judah must plow, Jacob must harrow for himself: <a href="/nrsvce/hosea/10.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Ephraim was a trained heifer that loved to thresh, and I spared her fair neck; but I will make Ephraim break the ground; Judah must plow; Jacob must harrow for himself.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/hosea/10.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> Ephraim is like a heifer that is trained, and loves to tread out the wheat; but I bent her neck under the yoke; I will make Ephraim to be ridden upon, I will cause Judah to tread wheat, and Jacob shall be plundered. <a href="/hpbt/hosea/10.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> Aphreim is a trained heifer that loves to tread and I passed over his neck; I will mount Aphreim and he will tread Yehuda and shall plunder Yaqob<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/hosea/10.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, That loveth to thresh, And I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. <a href="/sep/hosea/10.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> Ephraim is a heifer taught to love victory, but I will come upon the fairest part of her neck: I will mount Ephraim; I will pass over Juda in silence; Jacob shall prevail against him. <a href="/parallel/hosea/10-11.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xpPG1oLnpGk?start=1598" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/hosea/10.htm">Retribution for Israel's Sin</a> …10I will chasten them when I please; nations will be gathered against them to put them in bondage for their double transgression. 11<a href="/hebrew/669.htm" title="669: wə·’ep̄·ra·yim (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- Dual of masculine form of 'Ephraath; double fruit; Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory.">Ephraim</a> <a href="/hebrew/3925.htm" title="3925: mə·lum·mā·ḏāh (V-Pual-Prtcpl-fs) -- A primitive root; properly, to goad, i.e. to teach:(un-) accustomed, X diligently, expert, instruct, learn, skilful, teach(-er,ing).">is a well-trained</a> <a href="/hebrew/5697.htm" title="5697: ‘eḡ·lāh (N-fs) -- A heifer. Feminine of egel; a calf, especially one nearly grown.">heifer</a> <a href="/hebrew/157.htm" title="157: ’ō·haḇ·tî (V-Qal-Prtcpl-fsc) -- To love. Or raheb; a primitive root; to have affection for.">that loves</a> <a href="/hebrew/1758.htm" title="1758: lā·ḏūš (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To tread, thresh. Or dowsh; or diysh; a primitive root; to trample or thresh.">to thresh;</a> <a href="/hebrew/589.htm" title="589: wa·’ă·nî (Conj-w:: Pro-1cs) -- I. Contracted from 'anokiy; I.">but I</a> <a href="/hebrew/5674.htm" title="5674: ‘ā·ḇar·tî (V-Qal-Perf-1cs) -- To pass over, through, or by, pass on. A primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition; specifically, to cover.">will place a yoke</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">on</a> <a href="/hebrew/2898.htm" title="2898: ṭūḇ (N-msc) -- Good things, goods, goodness. From towb; good, in the widest sense, especially goodness, beauty, gladness, welfare.">her fair</a> <a href="/hebrew/6677.htm" title="6677: ṣaw·wā·rāh (N-msc:: 3fs) -- Or tsavvar; or tsavvaron; or tsavva.rah; intensively from tsuwr in the sense of binding; the back of the neck.">neck.</a> <a href="/hebrew/7392.htm" title="7392: ’ar·kîḇ (V-Hifil-Imperf-1cs) -- To mount and ride, ride. A primitive root; to ride; causatively, to place upon, to despatch.">I will harness</a> <a href="/hebrew/669.htm" title="669: ’ep̄·ra·yim (N-proper-ms) -- Dual of masculine form of 'Ephraath; double fruit; Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory.">Ephraim,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3063.htm" title="3063: yə·hū·ḏāh (N-proper-ms) -- From yadah; celebrated; Jehudah, the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory.">Judah</a> <a href="/hebrew/2790.htm" title="2790: ya·ḥă·rō·wōš (V-Qal-Imperf-3ms) -- To cut in, engrave, plow, devise.">will plow,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3290.htm" title="3290: ya·‘ă·qōḇ (N-proper-ms) -- A son of Isaac, also his desc. From aqab; heel-catcher; Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch.">and Jacob</a> <a href="/hebrew/7702.htm" title="7702: yə·śad·deḏ- (V-Piel-Imperf-3ms) -- To harrow. A primitive root; to abrade, i.e. Harrow a field.">will break the hard ground.</a> <a href="/hebrew/lōw (Prep:: 3ms) -- "></a> 12Sow for yourselves righteousness and reap the fruit of loving devotion; break up your unplowed ground. For it is time to seek the LORD until He comes and sends righteousness upon you like rain.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/jeremiah/50-11.htm">Jeremiah 50:11</a> “Because you rejoice, because you sing in triumph—you who plunder My inheritance—because you frolic like a heifer treading grain and neigh like stallions, <a href="/isaiah/28-24.htm">Isaiah 28:24-28</a> Does the plowman plow for planting every day? Does he continuously loosen and harrow the soil? / When he has leveled its surface, does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin? He plants wheat in rows and barley in plots, and rye within its border. / For his God instructs and teaches him properly. ... <a href="/jeremiah/31-18.htm">Jeremiah 31:18</a> I have surely heard Ephraim’s moaning: ‘You disciplined me severely, like an untrained calf. Restore me, that I may return, for You are the LORD my God. <a href="/deuteronomy/25-4.htm">Deuteronomy 25:4</a> Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain. <a href="/isaiah/30-24.htm">Isaiah 30:24</a> The oxen and donkeys that work the ground will eat salted fodder, winnowed with shovel and pitchfork. <a href="/proverbs/14-4.htm">Proverbs 14:4</a> Where there are no oxen, the manger is empty, but an abundant harvest comes through the strength of the ox. <a href="/1_corinthians/9-9.htm">1 Corinthians 9:9-10</a> For it is written in the Law of Moses: “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.” Is it about oxen that God is concerned? / Isn’t He actually speaking on our behalf? Indeed, this was written for us, because when the plowman plows and the thresher threshes, they should also expect to share in the harvest. <a href="/1_timothy/5-18.htm">1 Timothy 5:18</a> For the Scripture says, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,” and, “The worker is worthy of his wages.” <a href="/matthew/11-28.htm">Matthew 11:28-30</a> Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. / Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. / For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.” <a href="/romans/8-21.htm">Romans 8:21</a> that the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God. <a href="/galatians/5-1.htm">Galatians 5:1</a> It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be encumbered once more by a yoke of slavery. <a href="/isaiah/10-27.htm">Isaiah 10:27</a> On that day the burden will be lifted from your shoulders, and the yoke from your neck. The yoke will be broken because your neck will be too large. <a href="/jeremiah/2-20.htm">Jeremiah 2:20</a> “For long ago you broke your yoke and tore off your chains, saying, ‘I will not serve!’ Indeed, on every high hill and under every green tree you lay down as a prostitute. <a href="/ezekiel/34-27.htm">Ezekiel 34:27</a> The trees of the field will give their fruit, and the land will yield its produce; My flock will be secure in their land. Then they will know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bars of their yoke and delivered them from the hands that enslaved them. <a href="/psalms/129-3.htm">Psalm 129:3</a> The plowmen plowed over my back; they made their furrows long.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loves to tread out the corn; but I passed over on her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods.an heifer.<a href="/hosea/4-16.htm">Hosea 4:16</a> For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD will feed them as a lamb in a large place.<a href="/jeremiah/50-11.htm">Jeremiah 50:11</a> Because ye were glad, because ye rejoiced, O ye destroyers of mine heritage, because ye are grown fat as the heifer at grass, and bellow as bulls;and loveth.<a href="/hosea/2-5.htm">Hosea 2:5</a> For their mother hath played the harlot: she that conceived them hath done shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers, that give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my drink.<a href="/hosea/3-1.htm">Hosea 3:1</a> Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine.<a href="/hosea/9-1.htm">Hosea 9:1</a> Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor.but.<a href="/hosea/11-4.htm">Hosea 11:4</a> I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love: and I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws, and I laid meat unto them.her fair neck.<a href="/2_chronicles/28-5.htm">2 Chronicles 28:5-8</a> Wherefore the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away a great multitude of them captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a great slaughter… <a href="/isaiah/28-24.htm">Isaiah 28:24</a> Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground?<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/hosea/9-13.htm">Beautiful</a> <a href="/hosea/10-2.htm">Break</a> <a href="/hosea/10-2.htm">Broken</a> <a href="/isaiah/28-24.htm">Clods</a> <a href="/hosea/7-14.htm">Corn</a> <a href="/hosea/4-16.htm">Cow</a> <a href="/daniel/8-10.htm">Crushing</a> <a href="/hosea/9-15.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/hosea/6-3.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/hosea/10-6.htm">Ephraim</a> <a href="/hosea/10-1.htm">Fair</a> <a href="/hosea/2-18.htm">Ground</a> <a href="/jeremiah/46-4.htm">Harness</a> <a href="/job/39-10.htm">Harrow</a> <a href="/hosea/4-16.htm">Heifer</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-21.htm">Horseman</a> <a href="/ezekiel/39-25.htm">Jacob</a> <a href="/hosea/8-14.htm">Judah</a> <a href="/ezekiel/23-8.htm">Loves</a> <a href="/daniel/5-29.htm">Neck</a> <a href="/daniel/11-10.htm">Passed</a> <a href="/hosea/10-10.htm">Pleasure</a> <a href="/isaiah/23-10.htm">Plough</a> <a href="/isaiah/30-24.htm">Plow</a> <a href="/jeremiah/50-42.htm">Ride</a> <a href="/ezekiel/39-20.htm">Rider</a> <a href="/hosea/7-15.htm">Taught</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-33.htm">Thresh</a> <a href="/hosea/7-15.htm">Trained</a> <a href="/daniel/7-23.htm">Tread</a> <a href="/hosea/7-11.htm">Turning</a> <a href="/hosea/6-9.htm">Working</a> <a href="/ezekiel/34-27.htm">Yoke</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/hosea/14-6.htm">Beautiful</a> <a href="/hosea/10-12.htm">Break</a> <a href="/hosea/10-14.htm">Broken</a> <a href="/joel/1-17.htm">Clods</a> <a href="/hosea/14-7.htm">Corn</a> <a href="/amos/4-3.htm">Cow</a> <a href="/amos/1-3.htm">Crushing</a> <a href="/joel/2-20.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/hosea/10-12.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/hosea/11-3.htm">Ephraim</a> <a href="/amos/8-13.htm">Fair</a> <a href="/hosea/10-12.htm">Ground</a> <a href="/micah/1-13.htm">Harness</a> <a href="/job/39-10.htm">Harrow</a> <a href="/hebrews/9-13.htm">Heifer</a> <a href="/nahum/3-2.htm">Horseman</a> <a href="/hosea/12-2.htm">Jacob</a> <a href="/hosea/11-12.htm">Judah</a> <a href="/hosea/12-7.htm">Loves</a> <a href="/hosea/11-4.htm">Neck</a> <a href="/jonah/2-3.htm">Passed</a> <a href="/hosea/12-7.htm">Pleasure</a> <a href="/amos/6-12.htm">Plough</a> <a href="/amos/6-12.htm">Plow</a> <a href="/hosea/14-3.htm">Ride</a> <a href="/amos/2-15.htm">Rider</a> <a href="/hosea/11-3.htm">Taught</a> <a href="/micah/4-13.htm">Thresh</a> <a href="/matthew/13-52.htm">Trained</a> <a href="/joel/3-13.htm">Tread</a> <a href="/hosea/11-7.htm">Turning</a> <a href="/amos/7-12.htm">Working</a> <a href="/hosea/11-4.htm">Yoke</a><div class="vheading2">Hosea 10</div>1. <a href="/hosea/10-1.htm">Israel is reproved and threatened for their impiety and idolatry, </a> 12. <a href="/hosea/10-12.htm">and exhorted to repentance.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/hosea/10.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/hosea/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/hosea/10.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Ephraim is a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh; Ephraim, representing the northern kingdom of Israel, is likened to a heifer, a young cow, which is well-trained and enjoys the task of threshing. Threshing was a relatively easy and rewarding task for cattle, as it allowed them to eat while they worked. This imagery suggests that Ephraim had been in a position of comfort and privilege, enjoying the benefits of their labor without much hardship. Historically, Ephraim was one of the most prominent tribes in Israel, often leading in prosperity and influence. The metaphor indicates a period of ease and abundance, but also hints at complacency and self-indulgence.but I will place a yoke on her fair neck. The yoke symbolizes subjugation and hard labor. God declares that He will impose discipline on Ephraim, transitioning them from a state of ease to one of servitude and difficulty. This reflects the impending judgment and captivity that would come upon Israel due to their disobedience and idolatry. The "fair neck" suggests beauty and strength, indicating that Ephraim's current state is one of grace and potential, yet it will be subjected to control and restraint. This is a prophetic warning of the Assyrian conquest, where Israel would lose its autonomy and freedom.I will harness Ephraim, The act of harnessing implies control and direction. God intends to redirect Ephraim's path, moving them from their self-directed ways to a path of divine correction. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God’s sovereignty and His ability to guide nations according to His purposes. The harnessing also suggests a transformation from a life of ease to one of labor and submission, aligning with the consequences of their covenant unfaithfulness.Judah will plow, Judah, representing the southern kingdom, is depicted as plowing, a task that involves preparation and hard work. This indicates that Judah, unlike Ephraim, will be engaged in a more laborious and foundational role. Historically, Judah remained more faithful to God compared to the northern kingdom, though they too would eventually face judgment. The plowing metaphor suggests a role in preparing the ground, possibly for future restoration and blessing, aligning with prophecies of a remnant and the coming of the Messiah from the line of Judah.and Jacob will break the hard ground. Jacob, representing the entire nation of Israel, is tasked with breaking the hard ground, a metaphor for repentance and renewal. This imagery suggests a call to spiritual renewal and the breaking up of hardened hearts. The hard ground symbolizes the stubbornness and sinfulness of the people, which must be addressed for true restoration to occur. This phrase connects to the broader biblical narrative of repentance and the need for a contrite heart, as seen in passages like <a href="/jeremiah/4-3.htm">Jeremiah 4:3</a> and <a href="/hosea/10-12.htm">Hosea 10:12</a>, which call for breaking up fallow ground and seeking the Lord.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/e/ephraim.htm">Ephraim</a> Represents the northern kingdom of Israel, often used as a symbol for the entire nation due to its prominence. 2. <a href="/topical/j/judah.htm">Judah</a> The southern kingdom, representing the remaining tribes of Israel after the division. 3. <a href="/topical/j/jacob.htm">Jacob</a> Refers to the patriarch Jacob, but here symbolizes the entire nation of Israel. 4. <a href="/topical/t/threshing.htm">Threshing</a> An agricultural process of separating grain from chaff, symbolizing ease and abundance. 5. <a href="/topical/y/yoke.htm">Yoke</a> A wooden beam used between a pair of oxen to enable them to pull together on a load, symbolizing subjugation and labor.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/s/symbolism_of_the_heifer.htm">Symbolism of the Heifer</a> Ephraim is likened to a well-trained heifer, indicating initial obedience and prosperity. However, this prosperity led to complacency and sin. We must guard against allowing blessings to lead us away from God. <a href="/topical/t/the_yoke_of_discipline.htm">The Yoke of Discipline</a> God's placing of a yoke on Ephraim signifies discipline and correction. In our lives, God's discipline is a sign of His love and desire to bring us back to righteousness. <a href="/topical/r/role_of_judah_and_jacob.htm">Role of Judah and Jacob</a> The roles of Judah and Jacob in plowing and breaking ground symbolize preparation and hard work. Spiritual growth often requires effort and breaking up the hard ground of our hearts. <a href="/topical/c/consequences_of_sin.htm">Consequences of Sin</a> The imagery of the yoke and labor serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. Sin leads to bondage, but repentance brings freedom. <a href="/topical/h/hope_in_restoration.htm">Hope in Restoration</a> Despite the judgment, there is hope for restoration. God's ultimate goal is to bring His people back to Himself, offering a future of hope and renewal.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_hosea_10.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Hosea 10</a> <a href="/q/meaning_of_'lion_of_the_tribe_of_judah'.htm">What does 'Lion of the Tribe of Judah' mean?</a> <a href="/q/what_are_israel's_other_names.htm">What are the different names for Israel?</a> <a href="/q/is_'plowers_plowing'_literal_or_metaphorical.htm">Is the imagery of “plowers plowing” on the Psalmist’s back (Psalm 129:3) meant to be literal or metaphorical, and how do we reconcile it with scientific or historical plausibility?</a> <a href="/q/jacob's_prophecies_in_the_bible.htm">What are Jacob's prophecies in the Bible?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/hosea/10.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(11) Heifer.--Translate, Ephraim is a trained heifer, which loves to thresh. Here the idea may be that Ephraim loves the easy and free work of treading out the corn, and so becomes fat and sleek; or the act of treading and threshing may point to the rough treatment which Ephraim has in her pride dealt out to her neighbours and enemies. But the former interpretation is more probable. The verse should continue to read thus:--And I passed by the fairness of her neck (to arrest her self-indulgence). I will harness Ephraim for riding--i.e., I will cause a rider, Assyria, to take possession of her, and she shall be bound in unwelcome toil to do the bidding of another.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/hosea/10.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 11. - And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the corn. Ephraim is compared to a heifer trained. The work she was taught to do was treading cut the corn; by training and habit it had became a second nature, so that she took delight in it. The connecting vowel occurs seldom, and usually with an antique coloring in prose, according to Ewald; it is poetical besides, and used in the concourse of words somewhat closely connected, but not in the strict construct state. Thus is לֺאהַבֵתִּי accounted for. This work was probably easier, at all events pleasanter, than plowing or harrowing. In treading out corn oxen were not yoked together, but worked singly, treading it with their feet, or drawing a threshing-sledge, or iron-armed cylinder, over it; they were unmuzzled also, so that they were free to snatch an occasional mouthful of the grain, and frequently fattened by such indulgence. Such had been the position of Ephraim in easy employment, comfortable circumstances like the heifer threshing and allowed to eat at pleasure, pleasantly situated prosperous, self-indulgent, and luxurious. The victories of Ephraim - threshing and treading down may perhaps be also hinted at. But I passed over upon her fair neck (margin, the beauty of her neck): I will make Ephraim to ride; Judak shall plough, and Jacob shall break his clods. Times have changed, as is here indicated a yoke, that of Assyria, is placed on the fair neck, a rider is set on the sleek back. Mere onerous and less pleasant labor is now imposed. Judah too is to share the toil, being put to the heavier work of plowing while Jacob - the ten tribes, or the twelve including both Judah and Israel - shall cross plough; and thus both alike shall be henceforth employed in the heaviest labors of the field and the severest toils of agriculture. Once victorious, Ephraim is now to be subdued; once free and intractable, it must now receive the yoke and engage in laborious service. The expression עבר, followed by על, is generally used in a bad sense; "to pass over," says Jerome, "especially when it is said of God, always signifies inflictions and troubles." The fatness of the neck is the ox's ornament or beauty. That is now to be assaulted or invaded gently it may be, and softly, as men are wont to approach a young untamed animal in order to put the yoke upon it. This passing over, however tender, fixes the yoke on Ephraim's neck all the same. A more difficult word is אדכיב, which Ewald (1) renders, "I will set a rider" on Ephraim, of course to subdue and tame; (2) Jerome has, "I will mount or ride," thus representing Jehovah himself as the mediate rider on Ephraim. The first sense has a parallel in <a href="/psalms/56-12.htm">Psalm 56:12</a>, "Thou hast made men to ride over our head," and thus ruling them at pleasure. Unwilling to bear the easy yoke of their Divine Ruler, they shall be subjected to the tyrant mastery of man. But (3) Keil says the word here is "not" to mount or ride, 'but' to drive or use for drawing and driving,' i.e. to harness," as to the plough and harrow. This meaning is best reached by understanding the words thus: "I will make the yoke to ride on Ephraim's neck;" as הרכב is used in <a href="/2_kings/13-16.htm">2 Kings 13:16</a>, for "put thine hand upon the bow," margin, "make thine hand to ride upon the bow." The remaining clauses of the verse is a further development of this expression, but extending to Judah; and thus including both Judah and Ephraim, or Jacob - both kingdoms. The Septuagint version of the last clause is peculiar; it is Παρασιωπήσομαι Ἰούδαν ἐνισχύσει αὐτῷ Ἰακώβ. That is, as explained by Jerome, "I shall leave Judah for the present and say nothing about him; but whoever, whether of Ephraim or Judah, shall observe my precepts, he shall acquire strength for himself and be called Jacob." <a href="/commentaries/hosea/10-11.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>Ephraim וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם (wə·’ep̄·ra·yim) Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_669.htm">Strong's 669: </a> Ephraim -- a son of Joseph, also his descendants and their territory is a well-trained מְלֻמָּדָה֙ (mə·lum·mā·ḏāh) Verb - Pual - Participle - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3925.htm">Strong's 3925: </a> To exercise in, learn heifer עֶגְלָ֤ה (‘eḡ·lāh) Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5697.htm">Strong's 5697: </a> A, calf, one nearly grown that loves אֹהַ֣בְתִּי (’ō·haḇ·tî) Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_157.htm">Strong's 157: </a> To have affection f to thresh; לָד֔וּשׁ (lā·ḏūš) Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1758.htm">Strong's 1758: </a> To trample, thresh but I וַאֲנִ֣י (wa·’ă·nî) Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_589.htm">Strong's 589: </a> I will place a yoke עָבַ֔רְתִּי (‘ā·ḇar·tî) Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5674.htm">Strong's 5674: </a> To pass over, through, or by, pass on on עַל־ (‘al-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> Above, over, upon, against her fair ט֖וּב (ṭūḇ) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2898.htm">Strong's 2898: </a> Good, goodness, beauty, gladness, welfare neck. צַוָּארָ֑הּ (ṣaw·wā·rāh) Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6676.htm">Strong's 6676: </a> The back of the neck I will harness אַרְכִּ֤יב (’ar·kîḇ) Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7392.htm">Strong's 7392: </a> To ride, to place upon, to despatch Ephraim, אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ (’ep̄·ra·yim) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_669.htm">Strong's 669: </a> Ephraim -- a son of Joseph, also his descendants and their territory Judah יְהוּדָ֔ה (yə·hū·ḏāh) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3063.htm">Strong's 3063: </a> Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites will plow, יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ (ya·ḥă·rō·wōš) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2790.htm">Strong's 2790: </a> To cut in, engrave, plow, devise [and] Jacob יַעֲקֹֽב׃ (ya·‘ă·qōḇ) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3290.htm">Strong's 3290: </a> Jacob -- a son of Isaac, also his desc will break the hard ground. יְשַׂדֶּד־ (yə·śad·deḏ-) Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7702.htm">Strong's 7702: </a> To abrade, harrow a, field <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/hosea/10-11.htm">Hosea 10:11 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/hosea/10-11.htm">OT Prophets: Hosea 10:11 Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves (Ho Hs Hos.) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/hosea/10-10.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Hosea 10:10"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Hosea 10:10" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/hosea/10-12.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Hosea 10:12"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Hosea 10:12" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>