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However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence encoding of sensory information are unknown. Here, we show" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/75758896/Locus_Coeruleus_Activation_Patterns_Differentially_Modulate_Odor_Discrimination_Learning_and_Odor_Valence_in_Rats" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Locus Coeruleus Activation Patterns Differentially Modulate Odor Discrimination Learning and Odor Valence in Rats" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The locus coeruleus (LC) produces phasic and tonic firing patterns that are theorized to have distinct functional consequences. However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence encoding of sensory information are unknown. Here, we show" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/GerardMMartin" /> <meta name="description" content="The locus coeruleus (LC) produces phasic and tonic firing patterns that are theorized to have distinct functional consequences. However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence encoding of sensory information are unknown. Here, we show" /> <title>(PDF) Locus Coeruleus Activation Patterns Differentially Modulate Odor Discrimination Learning and Odor Valence in Rats</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/75758896/Locus_Coeruleus_Activation_Patterns_Differentially_Modulate_Odor_Discrimination_Learning_and_Odor_Valence_in_Rats" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739715620000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739715620000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The locus coeruleus (LC) produces phasic and tonic firing patterns that are theorized to have distinct functional consequences. However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence encoding of sensory information are unknown. Here, we show bilateral optogenetic activation of rat LC neurons using 10-Hz phasic trains of either 300 ms or 10 s accelerated acquisition of a similar odor discrimination. Similar odor discrimination learning was impaired by noradrenergic blockade in the piriform cortex (PC). However, 10-Hz phasic light-mediated learning facilitation was prevented by a dopaminergic antagonist in the PC, or by ventral tegmental area (VTA) silencing with lidocaine, suggesting a LC–VTA–PC dopamine circuitry involvement. Ten-hertz tonic stimulation did not alter odor discrimination acquisition, and was ineffective in activating VTA DA neurons. For valence encoding, tonic stimulation at 25 Hz induced conditioned odor aversion, whereas 10-Hz phasic stimulations produced ...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Gerard M Martin","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerardMMartin"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-04-07","dateModified":"2022-04-08","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Locus Coeruleus Activation Patterns Differentially Modulate Odor Discrimination Learning and Odor Valence in Rats","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83402109/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publication":"Cerebral Cortex Communications","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Oxford University Press (OUP)"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83402109/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75758896/Locus_Coeruleus_Activation_Patterns_Differentially_Modulate_Odor_Discrimination_Learning_and_Odor_Valence_in_Rats"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: 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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":75758896,"created_at":"2022-04-07T15:06:20.197-07:00","from_world_paper_id":200962606,"updated_at":"2022-04-07T15:29:29.207-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"The locus coeruleus (LC) produces phasic and tonic firing patterns that are theorized to have distinct functional consequences. However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence encoding of sensory information are unknown. Here, we show bilateral optogenetic activation of rat LC neurons using 10-Hz phasic trains of either 300 ms or 10 s accelerated acquisition of a similar odor discrimination. Similar odor discrimination learning was impaired by noradrenergic blockade in the piriform cortex (PC). However, 10-Hz phasic light-mediated learning facilitation was prevented by a dopaminergic antagonist in the PC, or by ventral tegmental area (VTA) silencing with lidocaine, suggesting a LC–VTA–PC dopamine circuitry involvement. Ten-hertz tonic stimulation did not alter odor discrimination acquisition, and was ineffective in activating VTA DA neurons. For valence encoding, tonic stimulation at 25 Hz induced conditioned odor aversion, whereas 10-Hz phasic stimulations produced ...","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Cerebral Cortex Communications"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Locus Coeruleus Activation Patterns Differentially Modulate Odor Discrimination Learning and Odor Valence in Rats","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [38034812]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":83402109,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Locus Coeruleus Activation Patterns Differentially Modulate Odor Discrimination Learning and Odor Valence in Rats”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/83402109/mini_magick20220407-31722-8eqzla.png?1649369293" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Locus Coeruleus Activation Patterns Differentially Modulate Odor Discrimination Learning and Odor Valence in Rats</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38034812" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerardMMartin"><img alt="Profile image of Gerard M Martin" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Gerard M Martin</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Cerebral Cortex Communications</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">17 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 75758896; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The locus coeruleus (LC) produces phasic and tonic firing patterns that are theorized to have distinct functional consequences. However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence encoding of sensory information are unknown. Here, we show bilateral optogenetic activation of rat LC neurons using 10-Hz phasic trains of either 300 ms or 10 s accelerated acquisition of a similar odor discrimination. Similar odor discrimination learning was impaired by noradrenergic blockade in the piriform cortex (PC). However, 10-Hz phasic light-mediated learning facilitation was prevented by a dopaminergic antagonist in the PC, or by ventral tegmental area (VTA) silencing with lidocaine, suggesting a LC–VTA–PC dopamine circuitry involvement. Ten-hertz tonic stimulation did not alter odor discrimination acquisition, and was ineffective in activating VTA DA neurons. For valence encoding, tonic stimulation at 25 Hz induced conditioned odor aversion, whereas 10-Hz phasic stimulations produced ...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":83402109,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/75758896/Locus_Coeruleus_Activation_Patterns_Differentially_Modulate_Odor_Discrimination_Learning_and_Odor_Valence_in_Rats"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":83402109,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/75758896/Locus_Coeruleus_Activation_Patterns_Differentially_Modulate_Odor_Discrimination_Learning_and_Odor_Valence_in_Rats"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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However, how different firing modes affect learning and valence coding of sensory information are unknown. Here bilateral optogenetic activation of rat LC neurons using 10-Hz phasic trains of either 300 msec or 10 sec accelerates acquisition of a food-rewarded similar odor discrimination, but not a dissimilar odor discrimination, consistent with LC-supported enhanced pattern separation and plasticity. Similar odor discrimination learning is impaired by noradrenergic blockade in the piriform cortex (PC). However, here 10-Hz LC phasic light-mediated learning facilitation is prevented by a dopaminergic antagonist in the PC, or by ventral tegmental area (VTA) silencing with lidocaine, suggesting an LC-VTA-PC dopamine circuitry mediates 10-Hz phasic learning facilitation. Tonic stimulation at 10 Hz did not al...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Locus coeruleus patterns differentially modulate learning and valence in rat via the ventral tegmental area and basolateral amygdala respectively","attachmentId":92721763,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88818994/Locus_coeruleus_patterns_differentially_modulate_learning_and_valence_in_rat_via_the_ventral_tegmental_area_and_basolateral_amygdala_respectively","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88818994/Locus_coeruleus_patterns_differentially_modulate_learning_and_valence_in_rat_via_the_ventral_tegmental_area_and_basolateral_amygdala_respectively"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="99053850" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99053850/Noradrenergic_modulatoins_of_odor_learning_and_odor_representation_in_the_rat">Noradrenergic modulatoins of odor learning and odor representation in the rat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19542421" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/AminMdShakhawat">Amin Md Shakhawat</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">How experience alters neuronal ensemble dynamics and how locus coeruleus-mediated norepinephrine release facilitates memory formation in the brain are the topics of this thesis. Here we employed a visualization technique, cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH), to assess activation patterns of neuronal ensembles in the olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior piriform cortex (aPC) to repeated odor inputs. Two associative learning models were used, early odor preference learning in rat pups and adult rat go-no-go odor discrimination learning. With catFISH of an immediate early gene, Arc, we showed that odor representation in the OB and aPC was sparse (~5-10%) and widely distributed. Odor associative learning enhanced the stability of the rewarded odor representation in the OB and aPC. The stable component, indexed by the overlap between the two ensembles activated by the rewarded odor at two time points, increased from ~25% to ~50% ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Noradrenergic modulatoins of odor learning and odor representation in the rat","attachmentId":100242097,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99053850/Noradrenergic_modulatoins_of_odor_learning_and_odor_representation_in_the_rat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99053850/Noradrenergic_modulatoins_of_odor_learning_and_odor_representation_in_the_rat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="100005792" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100005792/Precision_of_Classification_of_Odorant_Value_by_the_Power_of_Olfactory_Bulb_Oscillations_Is_Altered_by_Optogenetic_Silencing_of_Local_Adrenergic_Innervation">Precision of Classification of Odorant Value by the Power of Olfactory Bulb Oscillations Is Altered by Optogenetic Silencing of Local Adrenergic Innervation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="265282170" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielGordillo57">Daniel Gordillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Neuromodulators such as noradrenaline appear to play a crucial role in learning and memory. The goal of this study was to determine the role of norepinephrine in representation of odorant identity and value by olfactory bulb oscillations in an olfactory learning task. We wanted to determine whether the different bandwidths of olfactory bulb oscillations encode information involved in associating the odor with the value, and whether norepinephrine is involved in modulating this association. To this end mice expressing halorhodopsin under the dopamine-beta-hydrolase (DBH) promoter received an optetrode implant targeted to the olfactory bulb. Mice learned to differentiate odorants in a go-no-go task. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that there was development of a broadband differential rewarded vs. unrewarded odorant-induced change in the power of local field potential oscillations as the mice became proficient in discriminating between two odorants. In additi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Precision of Classification of Odorant Value by the Power of Olfactory Bulb Oscillations Is Altered by Optogenetic Silencing of Local Adrenergic Innervation","attachmentId":100945264,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100005792/Precision_of_Classification_of_Odorant_Value_by_the_Power_of_Olfactory_Bulb_Oscillations_Is_Altered_by_Optogenetic_Silencing_of_Local_Adrenergic_Innervation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100005792/Precision_of_Classification_of_Odorant_Value_by_the_Power_of_Olfactory_Bulb_Oscillations_Is_Altered_by_Optogenetic_Silencing_of_Local_Adrenergic_Innervation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="88328385" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88328385/Locus_coeruleus_activation_modulates_firing_rate_and_temporal_organization_of_odour_induced_single_cell_responses_in_rat_piriform_cortex">Locus coeruleus activation modulates firing rate and temporal organization of odour-induced single-cell responses in rat piriform cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="238157510" href="https://independent.academia.edu/susansara1">susan sara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Neuroscience, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Piriform cortex (PCx) is the primary cortical projection region for olfactory information and has bidirectional monosynaptic connections with olfactory bulb and association cortices. PCx neurons display a complex receptive ®eld, responding to odours rather than their molecular components, suggesting that these neurons are involved in higher order olfactory processing. Neuromodulators, especially noradrenaline (NA), have important in¯uences on sensory processing in other cortical regions and might be responsible for the plasticity observed in PCx during learning. The present study is the ®rst attempt to examine in vivo the actions of NA on sensory responses in the PCx. Stimulation of the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) was used to induce release of NA in the forebrain in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Extracellular recording of single units was made simultaneously in anterior and posterior PCx. The responses to an odour stimulus were measured over 25 trials. Twenty-®ve subsequent odour presentations were preceded by stimulation of the ipsilateral LC through a bipolar electrode, previously placed in the LC under electrophysiological control. This priming stimulation modi®ed the activity of 77 of the 135 recorded neurons. For most cells, LC stimulation enhanced cortical responses to odour in terms of both spike count and temporal organization, with some differential effects in anterior and posterior regions. These results are the ®rst to show enhancement of sensory responses in the olfactory cortex by LC activation. Spontaneous activation of LC neurons such as occurs during learning could serve to enhance olfactory perception and promote learning.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Locus coeruleus activation modulates firing rate and temporal organization of odour-induced single-cell responses in rat piriform cortex","attachmentId":92322444,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88328385/Locus_coeruleus_activation_modulates_firing_rate_and_temporal_organization_of_odour_induced_single_cell_responses_in_rat_piriform_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88328385/Locus_coeruleus_activation_modulates_firing_rate_and_temporal_organization_of_odour_induced_single_cell_responses_in_rat_piriform_cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="8434066" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8434066/Noradrenergic_Neuromodulation_in_the_Olfactory_Bulb_Modulates_Odor_Habituation_and_Spontaneous_Discrimination">Noradrenergic Neuromodulation in the Olfactory Bulb Modulates Odor Habituation and Spontaneous Discrimination</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17121274" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/TCleland">Thomas Cleland</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behavioral Neuroscience, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) project to the olfactory bulb (OB), a cortical structure implicated in odor learning and perceptual differentiation among similar odorants. We tested the role of OB noradrenaline (NA) in short-term olfactory memory using an animal model of LC degeneration coupled with intrabulbar infusions of NA. Specifically, we lesioned cortical noradrenergic fibers in mice with the noradrenergic neurotoxin N-Ethyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)-2bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP4) and measured the effects on an olfactory habituation/ spontaneous discrimination task. DSP4-treated mice failed to habituate to repeated odor presentations, indicating that they could not remember odors over the five-minute intertrial interval. We then infused NA bilaterally into the OBs of both DSP4-treated and nonlesioned control animals at two concentrations (10 −3 M and 10 −5 M, 2 ul/side). In DSP4-treated animals, NA administration at either concentration restored normal habituation and spontaneous discrimination performance, indicating that noradrenergic neuromodulation mediates these aspects of perceptual learning and that its efficacy does not require activity-dependent local regulation of NA release. Functional OB learning mechanisms may be necessary for normal odor recognition and differentiation among physically similar odorants.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Noradrenergic Neuromodulation in the Olfactory Bulb Modulates Odor Habituation and Spontaneous Discrimination","attachmentId":48097811,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8434066/Noradrenergic_Neuromodulation_in_the_Olfactory_Bulb_Modulates_Odor_Habituation_and_Spontaneous_Discrimination","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8434066/Noradrenergic_Neuromodulation_in_the_Olfactory_Bulb_Modulates_Odor_Habituation_and_Spontaneous_Discrimination"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="33877319" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33877319/Reduced_synaptic_facilitation_between_pyramidal_neurons_in_the_piriform_cortex_after_odor_learning">Reduced synaptic facilitation between pyramidal neurons in the piriform cortex after odor learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66423048" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdiBarkai">Edi Barkai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Learning-related cellular modifications were studied in the rat piriform cortex after operand conditioning. Rats were trained to discriminate positive cues in pairs of odors. In one experimental paradigm, rats were trained to memorize 35-50 pairs of odors (&quot;extensive training&quot;). In another paradigm, training was continued only until rats acquired the rule of the task, usually after learning the first two pairs of odors (&quot;short training&quot;). &quot;Pseudotrained&quot; and &quot;naive&quot; rats served as controls. We have previously shown that &quot;rule learning&quot; of this task was accompanied by reduced spike afterhyperpolarization in pyramidal neurons in brain slices of the piriform cortex. In the present study, synaptic inputs to the same cells were examined. Pairs of electrical stimuli applied to the intrinsic fibers that interconnect layer II pyramidal neurons revealed significant reduction in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in this pathway even after short ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reduced synaptic facilitation between pyramidal neurons in the piriform cortex after odor learning","attachmentId":53853547,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33877319/Reduced_synaptic_facilitation_between_pyramidal_neurons_in_the_piriform_cortex_after_odor_learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33877319/Reduced_synaptic_facilitation_between_pyramidal_neurons_in_the_piriform_cortex_after_odor_learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="74768594" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74768594/Optical_imaging_of_odor_preference_memory_in_the_rat_olfactory_bulb">Optical imaging of odor preference memory in the rat olfactory bulb</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61980014" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TadashiNariai">Tadashi Nariai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of …, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Early olfactory preference learning in rat pups occurs when novel odors are paired with reinforcing tactile stimulation that activate the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. Pairing of odor and a noradrenergic agonist in the olfactory bulb is both necessary and sufficient for ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Optical imaging of odor preference memory in the rat olfactory bulb","attachmentId":83405829,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74768594/Optical_imaging_of_odor_preference_memory_in_the_rat_olfactory_bulb","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74768594/Optical_imaging_of_odor_preference_memory_in_the_rat_olfactory_bulb"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="5395704" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5395704/Learning_Modulation_of_Odor_Induced_Oscillatory_Responses_in_the_Rat_Olfactory_Bulb_A_Correlate_of_Odor_Recognition">Learning Modulation of Odor-Induced Oscillatory Responses in the Rat Olfactory Bulb: A Correlate of Odor Recognition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7526352" href="https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/ClaireMartin">Claire Martin</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31545723" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NadineRavel">Nadine Ravel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neuroscience, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the first relay of information processing, the olfactory bulb (OB), odors are known to generate specific spatial patterns of activity. Recently, in freely behaving rats, we demonstrated that learning modulated oscillatory activity in local field potential (LFP), in response to odors, in both ␤ (15-40 Hz) and ␥ (60 -90 Hz) bands. The present study further characterized this odor-induced oscillatory activity with emphasis on its spatiotemporal distribution over the olfactory bulb and on its relationship with improvement of behavioral performances along training. For that purpose, LFPs were simultaneously recorded from four locations in the OB in freely moving rats performing an olfactory discrimination task. Electrodes were chronically implanted near relay neurons in the mitral cell body layer. Time-frequency methods were used to extract signal characteristics (amplitude, frequency, and time course) in the two frequency bands. Before training, odor presentation produced, on each site, a power decrease in ␥ oscillations and a weak but significant increase in power of ␤ oscillations (ϳ25 Hz). When the training was achieved, these two phenomena were amplified. Interestingly, the ␤ oscillatory response showed several significant differences between the anterodorsal and posteroventral regions of the OB. In addition, clear-cut ␤ responses occurred in the signal as soon as animals began to master the task. As a whole, our results point to the possible functional importance of ␤ oscillatory activity in the mammalian OB, particularly in the context of olfactory learning.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Learning Modulation of Odor-Induced Oscillatory Responses in the Rat Olfactory Bulb: A Correlate of Odor Recognition","attachmentId":32533938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5395704/Learning_Modulation_of_Odor_Induced_Oscillatory_Responses_in_the_Rat_Olfactory_Bulb_A_Correlate_of_Odor_Recognition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5395704/Learning_Modulation_of_Odor_Induced_Oscillatory_Responses_in_the_Rat_Olfactory_Bulb_A_Correlate_of_Odor_Recognition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="45308023" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45308023/Noradrenergic_modulation_in_the_olfactory_bulb_influences_spontaneous_and_reward_motivated_discrimination_but_not_the_formation_of_habituation_memory">Noradrenergic modulation in the olfactory bulb influences spontaneous and reward-motivated discrimination, but not the formation of habituation memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46185048" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianeLinster">Christiane Linster</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The mammalian main olfactory bulb receives a significant noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus. Norepinephrine is involved in acquisition of conditioned odor preferences in neonatal animals and in some species-specific odor dependent behaviors. Thus far, the role of norepinephrine in odor processing in adult rats remains less studied. We tested the role of noradrenergic modulation in the olfactory bulb of cannulated rats by bilateral injections of vehicle (6 lL saline), the a noradrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine (3.15 or 10 mm), the b noradrenergic receptor antagonist alprenolol (12 or 120 mm), the a1 noradrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin (1 or 10 )2 mm) and the a2 noradrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine (2 or 0.02 mm) 20 min before two different behavioral tasks. We found that local blockade of noradrenergic receptors in the olfactory bulb did not affect the formation of habituation memory to an odorant over sequential presentations separated by 5-min intertrial intervals. However, spontaneous discrimination between chemically related odorants was impaired when noradrenergic receptors, and in particular a1 receptors, were blocked by local antagonist infusion into the olfactory bulb. By contrast, discrimination was improved when b receptors were blocked. These results show that although the formation of a habituation memory to odorants is not affected by noradrenergic modulation, the specificity of this memory is affected. In contrast, reward-motivated discrimination learning was not impaired, but slowed down in rats in which both a and b receptors had been blocked.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Noradrenergic modulation in the olfactory bulb influences spontaneous and reward-motivated discrimination, but not the formation of habituation memory","attachmentId":65857328,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45308023/Noradrenergic_modulation_in_the_olfactory_bulb_influences_spontaneous_and_reward_motivated_discrimination_but_not_the_formation_of_habituation_memory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45308023/Noradrenergic_modulation_in_the_olfactory_bulb_influences_spontaneous_and_reward_motivated_discrimination_but_not_the_formation_of_habituation_memory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="100005795" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100005795/Hippocampal_prefrontal_theta_coupling_develops_as_mice_become_proficient_in_associative_odorant_discrimination_learning">Hippocampal-prefrontal theta coupling develops as mice become proficient in associative odorant discrimination learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="265282170" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielGordillo57">Daniel Gordillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Learning and memory requires coordinated activity between different regions of the brain. Here we studied the interaction between medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal dorsal CA1 during associative odorant discrimination learning in the mouse. We found that as the animal learns to discriminate odorants in a go-no go task the coupling of high frequency neural oscillations to the phase of theta oscillations (phase-amplitude coupling or PAC) changes in a manner that results in divergence between rewarded and unrewarded odorant-elicited changes in the theta-phase referenced power (tPRP) for beta and gamma oscillations. In addition, in the proficient animal there was a decrease in the coordinated oscillatory activity between CA1 and mPFC in the presence of the unrewarded odorant. Furthermore, the changes in PAC resulted in a marked increase in the accuracy for decoding odorant identity from tPRP when the animal became proficient. Finally, we studied the role of Ca2+/calmodulin-...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hippocampal-prefrontal theta coupling develops as mice become proficient in associative odorant discrimination learning","attachmentId":100945265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100005795/Hippocampal_prefrontal_theta_coupling_develops_as_mice_become_proficient_in_associative_odorant_discrimination_learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100005795/Hippocampal_prefrontal_theta_coupling_develops_as_mice_become_proficient_in_associative_odorant_discrimination_learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83402109,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83402109,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_83402109" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="73716941" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73716941/Behavioral_Systems_Cognitive_Learning_Modulation_of_Odor_Induced_Oscillatory_Responses_in_the_Rat_Olfactory_Bulb_A_Correlate_of_Odor_Recognition">Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Learning Modulation of Odor-Induced Oscillatory Responses in the Rat Olfactory Bulb: A Correlate of Odor Recognition?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31545723" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NadineRavel">Nadine Ravel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Learning Modulation of Odor-Induced Oscillatory Responses in the Rat Olfactory Bulb: A Correlate of Odor Recognition?","attachmentId":82129142,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73716941/Behavioral_Systems_Cognitive_Learning_Modulation_of_Odor_Induced_Oscillatory_Responses_in_the_Rat_Olfactory_Bulb_A_Correlate_of_Odor_Recognition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73716941/Behavioral_Systems_Cognitive_Learning_Modulation_of_Odor_Induced_Oscillatory_Responses_in_the_Rat_Olfactory_Bulb_A_Correlate_of_Odor_Recognition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="25053209" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25053209/Decorrelation_of_odor_representations_via_spike_timing_dependent_plasticity">Decorrelation of odor representations via spike timing dependent plasticity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1261320" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/ThomasCleland">Thomas Cleland</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Decorrelation of odor representations via spike timing dependent plasticity","attachmentId":45375892,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25053209/Decorrelation_of_odor_representations_via_spike_timing_dependent_plasticity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25053209/Decorrelation_of_odor_representations_via_spike_timing_dependent_plasticity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="22452329" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22452329/Learning_deficits_in_an_odor_reward_task_induced_by_parafascicular_thalamic_lesions_are_ameliorated_by_pretraining_d_cycloserine_in_the_prelimbic_cortex">Learning deficits in an odor reward-task induced by parafascicular thalamic lesions are ameliorated by pretraining d-cycloserine in the prelimbic cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43944104" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GGuillazoblanch">G. Guillazo-blanch</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43968035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MargaritaMart%C4%B1Nicolovius">Margarita Martı́-Nicolovius</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behavioural Brain Research, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Learning deficits in an odor reward-task induced by parafascicular thalamic lesions are ameliorated by pretraining d-cycloserine in the prelimbic cortex","attachmentId":43069971,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22452329/Learning_deficits_in_an_odor_reward_task_induced_by_parafascicular_thalamic_lesions_are_ameliorated_by_pretraining_d_cycloserine_in_the_prelimbic_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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Uniquely Timed Dorsal Paired Medial Neuron Output</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37454513" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeslieVosshall">Leslie Vosshall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuron, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diverse Odor-Conditioned Memories Require Uniquely Timed Dorsal Paired Medial Neuron Output","attachmentId":39611138,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17609308/Diverse_Odor_Conditioned_Memories_Require_Uniquely_Timed_Dorsal_Paired_Medial_Neuron_Output","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free 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href="https://mun.academia.edu/CarolynHarley">Carolyn Harley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Progress in Brain Research, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mechanisms Underlying Early Odor Preference Learning in Rats","attachmentId":39886578,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18121826/Mechanisms_Underlying_Early_Odor_Preference_Learning_in_Rats","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18121826/Mechanisms_Underlying_Early_Odor_Preference_Learning_in_Rats"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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href="https://www.academia.edu/115141762/Activation_of_the_dopaminergic_pathway_from_VTA_to_the_medial_olfactory_tubercle_generates_odor_preference_and_reward">Activation of the dopaminergic pathway from VTA to the medial olfactory tubercle generates odor-preference and reward</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2232426" href="https://cshl.academia.edu/HaohongLi">Haohong Li</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">eLife, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Activation of the dopaminergic pathway from VTA to the medial olfactory tubercle generates odor-preference and 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href="https://www.academia.edu/16094099/Lateralized_Odor_Preference_Training_in_Rat_Pups_Reveals_an_Enhanced_Network_Response_in_Anterior_Piriform_Cortex_to_Olfactory_Input_That_Parallels_Extended_Memory">Lateralized Odor Preference Training in Rat Pups Reveals an Enhanced Network Response in Anterior Piriform Cortex to Olfactory Input That Parallels Extended Memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35251996" href="https://uvic.academia.edu/ChristineFontaine">Christine J Fontaine</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35215958" href="https://mun.academia.edu/CarolynHarley">Carolyn Harley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neuroscience, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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Martin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurophysiology, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Olfacto-Hippocampal Network Is Dynamically Involved in Odor-Discrimination Learning","attachmentId":49122279,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5821164/An_Olfacto_Hippocampal_Network_Is_Dynamically_Involved_in_Odor_Discrimination_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5821164/An_Olfacto_Hippocampal_Network_Is_Dynamically_Involved_in_Odor_Discrimination_Learning"><span 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