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Logical structure of packages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Logical_structure_of_packages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_paths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_paths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Key paths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_paths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developing_installer_packages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developing_installer_packages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Developing installer packages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Developing_installer_packages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Developing installer packages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Developing_installer_packages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%B0_%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A8%EB%9F%AC" title="윈도우 인스톨러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈도우 인스톨러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Installer" title="Microsoft Windows Installer – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Microsoft Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA_Windows" title="Установщик Windows – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Установщик Windows" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="වින්ඩෝස් ඉන්ස්ටෝලර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වින්ඩෝස් ඉන්ස්ටෝලර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Installer" title="Microsoft Windows Installer – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Microsoft Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Windows Installer" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181233#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Windows_Installer" title="Special:EditPage/Windows Installer">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Windows_Installer" title="Talk:Windows Installer">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Windows_Installer" title="Special:EditPage/Windows Installer">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Windows+Installer%22">"Windows Installer"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Windows+Installer%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Windows+Installer%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Windows+Installer%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Windows+Installer%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Windows+Installer%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Windows+Installer%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Windows+Installer%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Windows+Installer%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Windows+Installer%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Windows+Installer%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Windows Installer</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_Installer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Windows_Installer.png/220px-Windows_Installer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/Windows_Installer.png 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="336" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Help screen of Windows Installer 5.0 running on <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1999<span class="noprint">; 25 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999-08-31</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">5.0 / 22 July 2009<span class="noprint">; 15 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2009-07-22</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-release_history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release_history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM32" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM32">ARM32</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM64" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM64">ARM64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Included with</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> and later</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Installer" class="mw-redirect" title="Installer">Installer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/msi/windows-installer-portal">docs<wbr />.microsoft<wbr />.com<wbr />/en-us<wbr />/windows<wbr />/win32<wbr />/msi<wbr />/windows-installer-portal</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181233?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Windows Installer Package<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> .msi, .msp</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> application/x-ole-storage</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Archive_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive (computing)">Archive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Container for</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Installation information and an optional <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">.cab</a> file payload</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured Storage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Windows Installer</b> (<code>msiexec.exe</code>, previously known as <b>Microsoft Installer</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_codenames" title="List of Microsoft codenames">codename</a> <b>Darwin</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Software_component" title="Software component">software component</a> and <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> used for the <a href="/wiki/Installation_(computer_programs)" title="Installation (computer programs)">installation</a>, maintenance, and removal of software. The installation information, and optionally the files themselves, are packaged in <a href="/wiki/Package_(package_management_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Package (package management system)"><i>installation packages</i></a>, loosely <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational databases</a> structured as <a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured Storages</a> and commonly known as "MSI files", from their default <a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">filename extensions</a>. The packages with the file extensions <code>mst</code> contain Windows Installer "Transformation Scripts", those with the <code>msm</code> extensions contain "Merge Modules" and the file extension <code>pcp</code> is used for "Patch Creation Properties".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows Installer contains significant changes from its predecessor, Setup API. New features include a <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">framework</a> and automatic generation of the <a href="/wiki/Uninstallation" class="mw-redirect" title="Uninstallation">uninstallation</a> sequence. Windows Installer is positioned as an alternative to stand-alone executable installer frameworks such as older versions of <a href="/wiki/InstallShield" title="InstallShield">InstallShield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nullsoft_Scriptable_Install_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullsoft Scriptable Install System">NSIS</a>. </p><p>Before the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a> (then named Windows Store), Microsoft encouraged third parties to use Windows Installer as the basis for installation frameworks, so that they synchronize correctly with other installers and keep the internal database of installed products consistent. Important features such as <a href="/wiki/Rollback_(data_management)" title="Rollback (data management)">rollback</a> and <a href="/wiki/Version_control" title="Version control">versioning</a> depend on a consistent internal database for reliable operation. Furthermore, Windows Installer facilitates the <a href="/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege" title="Principle of least privilege">principle of least privilege</a> by performing software installations by proxy for unprivileged users. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logical_structure_of_packages">Logical structure of packages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Logical structure of packages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A package describes the installation of one or more full <i>products</i> and is universally identified by a <a href="/wiki/GUID" class="mw-redirect" title="GUID">GUID</a>. A product is made up of <i>components</i>, grouped into <i>features</i>. Windows Installer does not handle dependencies between products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Products">Products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A single, installed, working program (or set of programs) is a <i>product</i>. A product is identified by a unique GUID (the ProductCode property) providing an authoritative identity throughout the world. The GUID, in combination with the version number (ProductVersion property), allows for release management of the product's files and registry keys. </p><p>A <i>package</i> includes the package logic and other <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> that relates to how the package executes when running. For example, changing an <a href="/wiki/EXE_file" class="mw-redirect" title="EXE file">EXE file</a> in the product may require the ProductCode or ProductVersion to be changed for the release management. However, merely changing or adding a launch condition (with the product remaining exactly the same as the previous version) would still require the PackageCode to change for release management of the MSI file itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>feature</i> is a hierarchical group of components. A feature may contain any number of components and other sub-features. Smaller packages can consist of a single feature. More complex installers may display a "custom setup" dialog box, from which the user can select which features to install or remove. </p><p>The package author defines the product features. A <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a>, for example, might place the program's core file into one feature, and the program's help files, optional spelling checker and stationery modules into additional features. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>component</i> is the basic unit of a product. Each component is treated by Windows Installer as a unit. The installer cannot install just part of a component.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Components can contain program <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">files</a>, <a href="/wiki/Directory_(file_systems)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory (file systems)">folders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> components, <a href="/wiki/Windows_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows registry">registry</a> keys, and <a href="/wiki/Shortcut_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortcut file">shortcuts</a>. The user does not directly interact with components. </p><p>Components are identified globally by GUIDs; thus the same component can be shared among several features of the same package or multiple packages, ideally through the use of <a href="/wiki/Merge_Module" title="Merge Module">Merge Modules</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_paths">Key paths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Key paths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>key path</i> is a specific file, registry key, or <a href="/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity" title="Open Database Connectivity">ODBC</a> data source that the package author specifies as critical for a given component. Because a file is the most common type of key path, the term <i>key file</i> is commonly used. A component can contain at most one key path; if a component has no explicit key path, the component's destination folder is taken to be the key path. When an MSI-based program is launched, Windows Installer checks the existence of key paths. If there is a mismatch between the current system state and the value specified in the MSI package (e.g., a key file is missing), the related feature is re-installed. This process is known as <i>self-healing</i> or <i>self-repair</i>. No two components should use the same key path. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developing_installer_packages">Developing installer packages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Developing installer packages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Creating an installer package for a new application is not trivial. It is necessary to specify which files must be installed, to where and with what registry keys. Any non-standard operations can be done using Custom Actions, which are typically developed in <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLLs</a>. There are a number of commercial and freeware products to assist in creating MSI packages, including <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> (natively up to VS 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-vs_msi_drop_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vs_msi_drop-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an extension on newer VS versions<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/InstallShield" title="InstallShield">InstallShield</a> and <a href="/wiki/WiX" title="WiX">WiX</a>. To varying degrees, the user interface and behavior may be configured for use in less common situations such as unattended installation. Once prepared, an installer package is "compiled" by reading the instructions and files from the developer's local machine, and creating the .msi file. </p><p>Windows Installer may be slower than native code installation technologies, such as <a href="/wiki/InstallAware" class="mw-redirect" title="InstallAware">InstallAware</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the overhead of component registration and rollback support, which often involves generating tens of thousands of registry keys and temporary files. </p><p>The user interface (dialog boxes) presented at the start of installation can be changed or configured by the setup engineer developing a new installer. There is a limited language of buttons, text fields and labels which can be arranged in a sequence of dialogue boxes. An installer package should be capable of running without any UI, for what is called "unattended installation". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ICE_validation">ICE validation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ICE validation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft provides a set of Internal Consistency Evaluators (ICE) that can be used to detect potential problems with an MSI database.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ICE rules are combined into CUB files, which are stripped-down MSI files containing custom actions that test the target MSI database's contents for validation warnings and errors. ICE validation can be performed with the Platform SDK tools Orca and msival2, or with validation tools that ship with the various authoring environments. </p><p>For example, some of the ICE rules are: </p> <ul><li>ICE09: Validates that any component destined for the System folder is marked as being permanent.</li> <li>ICE24: Validates that the product code, product version, and product language have appropriate formats.</li> <li>ICE33: Validates that the Registry table is not used for data better suited for another table (Class, Extension, Verb, and so on).</li></ul> <p>Addressing ICE validation warnings and errors is an important step in the release process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version </th> <th>Included with<sup id="cite_ref-release_history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release_history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Also available for </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2000" title="Microsoft Office 2000">Office 2000</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> RTM, SP1, SP2 <p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">Office XP</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Windows Me</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> RTM, SP1<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> SP3, SP4<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> RTM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_SP2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows XP SP2">Windows XP SP2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> with at least SP3<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_SP3" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows XP SP3">Windows XP SP3</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> SP1, SP2<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition" title="Windows XP Professional x64 Edition">Windows XP Professional x64 Edition</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> with at least SP3<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> RTM, SP1<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> RTM </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.5<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> SP2<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> SP2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> with at least SP2<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> with at least SP1<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition" title="Windows XP Professional x64 Edition">Windows XP Professional x64 Edition</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a><sup id="cite_ref-msdn.microsoft.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn.microsoft.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> and later<br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> and later </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform_apps#APPX" title="Universal Windows Platform apps">APPX</a> – Software package format used on Microsoft's Windows Store</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_App-V" title="Microsoft App-V">App-V</a> – Software package format used for virtualization and streaming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">.exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_installation_software" title="List of installation software">List of installation software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management system">Package management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer_CleanUp_Utility" title="Windows Installer CleanUp Utility">Windows Installer CleanUp Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAP_File" title="ZAP File">ZAP file</a> – a way to perform an application installation when no MSI file exists</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Installer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-release_history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-release_history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Developer+Network&rft.atitle=Released+Versions+of+Windows+Installer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Faa371185.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Installer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filext.com/file-extension/msi">"File Extension .MSI Details"</a>. Filext.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSDN+Blogs&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+setup+projects+%28vdproj%29+will+not+ship+with+future+versions+of+VS&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=Buck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fbuckh%2Fvisual-studio-setup-projects-vdproj-will-not-ship-with-future-versions-of-vs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Installer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/visual-studio-installer-projects-extension/">"Visual Studio Installer Projects Extension"</a>. <i>Visual Studio Blog</i>. 2014-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visual+Studio+Blog&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+Installer+Projects+Extension&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fvisualstudio%2Fvisual-studio-installer-projects-extension%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Installer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/installaware-10-first-to-market-with-hybrid-installation-technology-extending-windows-installer-with-faster-native-code-setup-engine-106966743.html">"Extending Windows Installer with Faster Native Code Setup Engine"</a> (Press release). 9 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extending+Windows+Installer+with+Faster+Native+Code+Setup+Engine&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Finstallaware-10-first-to-market-with-hybrid-installation-technology-extending-windows-installer-with-faster-native-code-setup-engine-106966743.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Installer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa369554(VS.85).aspx">Internal Consistency Evaluators – ICEs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040410021903/http://www.microsoft.com/office/ork/xp/journ/Fullfile.htm">"Applying Full-File Updates to Client Computers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. March 9, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/office/ork/xp/journ/Fullfile.htm">the original</a> on April 10, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Applying+Full-File+Updates+to+Client+Computers&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2004-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Foffice%2Fork%2Fxp%2Fjourn%2FFullfile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Installer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb736325(VS.85).aspx">What's New in Windows Installer 4.5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msdn.microsoft.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msdn.microsoft.com_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa371185(VS.85).aspx">"Released Versions of Windows Installer (Windows)"</a>. 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(Windows)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Fax_and_Scan" title="Windows Fax and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mesh" title="Microsoft Mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Money" title="MSN">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Sports" title="MSN">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tips" title="Microsoft Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Weather" title="MSN">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(app)" title="Xbox (app)">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Services_for_UNIX" title="Print Services for UNIX">Print Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Dial-up" title="MSN Dial-up">MSN Dial-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pay" title="Microsoft Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br /><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Windows_components" title="Category:Windows components">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Windows_commands" title="Template:Windows commands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Windows_commands" title="Template talk:Windows commands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Windows_commands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Windows commands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> programs and <a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a> (chdir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dir_(command)" title="Dir (command)">dir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">popd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">pushd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_(command)" title="Tree (command)">tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">attrib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacls" title="Cacls">cacls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact (computing)">compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_(command)" title="Copy (command)">copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_(command)" title="Del (command)">del</a> (erase)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltree">deltree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacls#icacls" title="Cacls">icacls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a> (md)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mklink" class="mw-redirect" title="Mklink">mklink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Move_(command)" title="Move (command)">move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Openfiles">openfiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recover_(command)" title="Recover (command)">recover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_(command)" title="Ren (command)">ren</a> (rename)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replace_(command)" title="Replace (command)">replace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a> (rd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robocopy" title="Robocopy">robocopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeown" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeown">takeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOPY" title="XCOPY">xcopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">expand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extrac32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">makecab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(command)" title="Pax (command)">pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">chkdsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convert_(command)" title="Convert (command)">convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Defragmenter_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Defragmenter (Windows)">defrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskcomp" title="Diskcomp">diskcomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskcopy" title="Diskcopy">diskcopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskpart" title="Diskpart">diskpart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskraid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskraid">diskraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">diskshadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drvspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvspace">drvspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_(command)" title="Format (command)">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fsutil">fsutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(command)" title="Label (command)">label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">manage-bde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Refsutil">refsutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUBST" title="SUBST">subst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">scandisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYS_(command)" title="SYS (command)">sys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol_(command)" title="Vol (command)">vol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">vssadmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powercfg" title="Powercfg">powercfg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runas" title="Runas">runas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">sc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">schtasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">shutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_(command)" title="Start (command)">start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskkill" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskkill">taskkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasklist" title="Tasklist">tasklist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Registry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_association" title="File association">assoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftype" title="Ftype">ftype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">reg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">regini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regsvr32" title="Regsvr32">regsvr32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHCP_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHCP (command)">chcp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmdkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmdkey">cmdkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DATE_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DATE (command)">date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graftabl" class="mw-redirect" title="Graftabl">graftabl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode (command)">mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(variable)" title="PATH (variable)">path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setver" class="mw-redirect" title="Setver">setver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">setx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIME_(command)" title="TIME (command)">time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(command)" title="Title (command)">title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ver_(command)" title="Ver (command)">ver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Where (command)">where</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comp_(command)" title="Comp (command)">comp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_Editor" title="MS-DOS Editor">edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edlin" title="Edlin">edlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Compare" title="File Compare">fc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Windows)" title="Find (Windows)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findstr" title="Findstr">findstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choice_(command)" title="Choice (command)">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipboard_(computing)" title="Clipboard (computing)">clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">cscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">doskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_loop" title="For loop">for</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forfiles" title="Forfiles">forfiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goto" title="Goto">goto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">if</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pause_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause (command)">pause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command_prompt" title="Command-line interface">prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comment_(computer_programming)" title="Comment (computer programming)">rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">bitsadmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURL" title="CURL">curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAC_address" title="MAC address">getmac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipconfig" title="Ipconfig">ipconfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbtstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nbtstat">nbtstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_(command)" title="Net (command)">net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">netsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PathPing" title="PathPing">PathPing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_(networking_utility)" title="Ping (networking utility)">ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rpcping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpcping">rpcping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_(command)" title="Route (command)">route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_copy_protocol" title="Secure copy protocol">scp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setspn" class="mw-redirect" title="Setspn">setspn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_file_transfer_program" title="Secure file transfer program">sftp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-add</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssh-agent" title="Ssh-agent">ssh-agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssh-keygen" title="Ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-keyscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traceroute" title="Traceroute">tracert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance and care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditpol">auditpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispdiag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispdiag">dispdiag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Manager#Driverquery_command" title="Device Manager">driverquery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventcreate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventtriggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logman" class="mw-redirect" title="Logman">logman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofcomp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mofcomp">mofcomp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">msiexec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">ntbackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnpunattend" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnpunattend">pnpunattend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnputil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnputil">pnputil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAgentC" class="mw-redirect" title="REAgentC">REAgentC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relog" class="mw-redirect" title="Relog">relog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">sfc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sxstrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sxstrace">sxstrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systeminfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Systeminfo">systeminfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracerpt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracerpt">tracerpt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typeperf" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeperf">typeperf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W32tm" title="W32tm">w32tm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAdmin" title="WBAdmin">WBAdmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wecutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wecutil">wecutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wevtutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wevtutil">wevtutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winmgmt" class="mw-redirect" title="Winmgmt">winmgmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">winsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation_Command-line" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line">wmic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boot management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bcdedit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcdedit">bcdedit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootcfg" title="Bootcfg">bootcfg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootsect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootsect">bootsect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixboot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixboot">fixboot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixmbr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixmbr">fixmbr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debug_(command)" title="Debug (command)">debug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exe2bin" title="Exe2bin">exe2bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Break_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break (command)">break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cls_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cls (command)">cls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Assessment_and_Deployment_Kit" title="Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit">dism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dpath" title="Dpath">dpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpresult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpupdate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_(command)" title="Help (command)">help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSCDEX" title="MSCDEX">MSCDEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_FDIV_bug" title="Pentium FDIV bug">pentnt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tpmtool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmtool">tpmtool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tpmvscmgr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmvscmgr">tpmvscmgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">wsl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">Environment variables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Support_Tools" title="Windows Support Tools">Windows Support Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archive_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archive_formats" title="Template:Archive formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archive_formats" title="Template talk:Archive formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archive_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archive formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archive_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archive_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive format">Archive formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(Unix)" title="Ar (Unix)">ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cpio" title="Cpio">cpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shar_(file_format)" title="Shar (file format)">shar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBR_(file_format)" title="LBR (file format)">LBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_modding" title="Doom modding">WAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARC_(file_format)" title="WARC (file format)">WARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compression only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brotli" title="Brotli">Brotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compress_(software)" title="Compress (software)">compress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gzip" title="Gzip">gzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zopfli" title="Zopfli">Zopfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Markov_chain_algorithm" title="Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm">LZMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ4_(compression_algorithm)" title="LZ4 (compression algorithm)">LZ4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lzip" title="Lzip">lzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lzop" title="Lzop">lzop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQ_(program)" title="SQ (program)">SQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XZ_Utils" title="XZ Utils">xz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zstd" title="Zstd">Zstandard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving and compression</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7z" title="7z">7z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACE_(compressed_file_format)" title="ACE (compressed file format)">ACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARC_(file_format)" title="ARC (file format)">ARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARJ" title="ARJ">ARJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B1_(file_format)" title="B1 (file format)">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_(file_format)" title="CFS (file format)">cfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Pro" title="Compact Pro">cpt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_(disk_archiver)" title="Dar (disk archiver)">dar</a></li> <li>DGCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image" title="Apple Disk Image">.dmg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALZip" title="ALZip">.egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB_Archiver" title="KGB Archiver">kgb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHA_(file_format)" title="LHA (file format)">LHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lrzip" class="mw-redirect" title="Lrzip">lrzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZX" title="LZX">LZX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPQ_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="MPQ (file format)">MPQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeaZip#Native_archive_format" title="PeaZip">PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR_(file_format)" title="RAR (file format)">RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzip" title="Rzip">rzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StuffIt" title="StuffIt">sit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/StuffIt" title="StuffIt">sitx</a></li></ul></li> <li>SQX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAQ" title="PAQ">UDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(archiver)" title="Xar (archiver)">Xar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_(file_format)" title="Zoo (file format)">zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_(file_format)" title="ZIP (file format)">ZIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZPAQ" title="ZPAQ">ZPAQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Package_format" title="Package format">Software packaging and distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apk_(file_format)" title="Apk (file format)">apk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/App_(file_format)" title="App (file format)">App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APPX" class="mw-redirect" title="APPX">APPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_(file_format)" title="Deb (file format)">deb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/App_(file_format)" title="App (file format)">HAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ipa" title=".ipa">ipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAR_(file_format)" title="JAR (file format)">JAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAR_(file_format)" title="WAR (file format)">WAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_EE_Connector_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Java EE Connector Architecture">Java RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAR_(file_format)" title="EAR (file format)">EAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/App_Installer" title="App Installer">MSIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_(macOS)" title="Package (macOS)">Package (macOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Package_Manager" title="RPM Package Manager">RPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAP_(file_format)" title="XAP (file format)">XAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XBAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Document packaging and distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_eBook" title="Open eBook">OEB Package Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">OEBPS Container Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Packaging_Conventions" title="Open Packaging Conventions">Open Packaging Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAQ" title="PAQ">PAQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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