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Union (SQL) - Wikipedia

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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b><tt>UNION</tt></b>-opdracht in <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> combineert gegevens van meerdere <a href="/wiki/Query" title="Query">query's</a> van een <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a>. De twee query's moeten hetzelfde aantal kolommen en gegevens bevatten om te worden gecombineerd. Duplicaten worden verwijderd, behalve wanneer <tt>UNION ALL</tt> wordt gebruikt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_(SQL)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_(SQL)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als gegeven zijn de volgende twee tabellen: </p> <table class="vatop"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>verkoop2017 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>persoon</th> <th>aantal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bert</td> <td>1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maarten</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rob</td> <td>5000 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>verkoop2018 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>persoon</th> <th>aantal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bert</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maarten</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sander</td> <td>15000 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Als query wordt gebruikt: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">verkoop2017</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">verkoop2018</span> </pre></div> <p>Als uitkomst krijgt men: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>persoon</th> <th>aantal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bert</td> <td>1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maarten</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rob</td> <td>5000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bert</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sander</td> <td>15000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Merk op dat er twee rijen aanwezig zijn voor Bert omdat beide kolommen niet overeenkomen. Er is een rij voor Maarten omdat beide kolommen gelijk zijn. </p><p>Met <tt>UNION ALL</tt> worden geen duplicaten weggelaten. De query </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">verkoop2017</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">verkoop2018</span> </pre></div> <p>geeft de volgende uitkomst: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>persoon</th> <th>aantal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bert</td> <td>1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bert</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maarten</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maarten</td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rob</td> <td>5000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sander</td> <td>15000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_(SQL)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_(SQL)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_databases" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_databases&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Databases" class="navigatie-titel">Databases</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Databasemanagementsysteem" title="Databasemanagementsysteem">databasemanagementsysteem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Databasemodel" title="Databasemodel">databasemodel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Databasenormalisatie" title="Databasenormalisatie">databasenormalisatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Referenti%C3%ABle_integriteit" title="Referentiële integriteit">referentiële integriteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relationele_algebra" title="Relationele algebra">relationele algebra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relationele_database" title="Relationele database">relationele database</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relationeel_model" title="Relationeel model">relationeel model</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Begrippen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> · <a href="/wiki/ACID" title="ACID">ACID</a> · <a href="/wiki/CRUD" title="CRUD">CRUD</a> · <a href="/wiki/Null" title="Null">null</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vreemde_sleutel" title="Vreemde sleutel">vreemde sleutel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primaire_sleutel" title="Primaire sleutel">primaire sleutel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kandidaatsleutel" title="Kandidaatsleutel">kandidaatsleutel</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axioma%27s_van_Armstrong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Axioma&#39;s van Armstrong (de pagina bestaat niet)">axioma's van Armstrong</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Objecten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_(database)" title="Tabel (database)">tabel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relatie" title="Relatie">relatie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(database)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="View (database) (de pagina bestaat niet)">view</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transactie_(dataopslag)" title="Transactie (dataopslag)">transactie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trigger" title="Trigger">trigger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Index_(database)" title="Index (database)">index</a> · <a href="/wiki/Opgeslagen_procedure" title="Opgeslagen procedure">opgeslagen procedure</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cursor" title="Cursor">cursor</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partitie_(database)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partitie (database) (de pagina bestaat niet)">partitie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Select_(SQL)" title="Select (SQL)">Select</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insert_(SQL)" title="Insert (SQL)">Insert</a> · <a href="/wiki/Update_(SQL)" title="Update (SQL)">Update</a> · <a href="/wiki/Merge_(SQL)" title="Merge (SQL)">Merge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Delete_(SQL)" title="Delete (SQL)">Delete</a> · <a href="/wiki/From_(SQL)" title="From (SQL)">From</a> · <a href="/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL)">Join</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union</a> · <a href="/wiki/Create_(SQL)" title="Create (SQL)">Create</a> · <a href="/wiki/Drop_(SQL)" title="Drop (SQL)">Drop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Commit" title="Commit">Commit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rollback_(dataopslag)" title="Rollback (dataopslag)">Rollback</a> · <a href="/wiki/Truncate_(SQL)" title="Truncate (SQL)">Truncate</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alter_(SQL)" title="Alter (SQL)">Alter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Where_(SQL)" title="Where (SQL)">Where</a> · <a href="/wiki/Data_definition_language" title="Data definition language">DDL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Data_manipulation_language" title="Data manipulation language">DML</a> · <a href="/wiki/Data_control_language" title="Data control language">DCL</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Producten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_relationele_databases" title="Lijst van relationele databases">relationele databases</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6b68c86545‐wkd46 Cached time: 20241202113938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.062 seconds Real time usage: 0.301 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 339/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9277/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3663/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3613/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report 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