CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Giovanni Spadolini: verschil tussen versies - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"9cc6e62d-4a39-4c66-ba3c-798368c55743","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Giovanni_Spadolini","wgTitle":"Giovanni Spadolini","wgCurRevisionId":60611083,"wgRevisionId":60611083,"wgArticleId":4327268,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Italiaans historicus","Italiaans journalist","Italiaans minister van Cultuur","Italiaans minister van Defensie","Italiaans minister van Onderwijs","Italiaans senator","Premier van Italië"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Giovanni_Spadolini","wgRelevantArticleId":4327268,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":60,"wgDiffOldId":56920634,"wgDiffNewId":60611083,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q332709","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Giovanni Spadolini: verschil tussen versies - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Giovanni_Spadolini rootpage-Giovanni_Spadolini skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Giovanni+Spadolini&returntoquery=diff%3D60611083%26oldid%3D56920634" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Giovanni+Spadolini&returntoquery=diff%3D60611083%26oldid%3D56920634" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Giovanni+Spadolini&returntoquery=diff%3D60611083%26oldid%3D56920634" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Giovanni+Spadolini&returntoquery=diff%3D60611083%26oldid%3D56920634" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Levensloop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levensloop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Levensloop</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Levensloop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Levensloop-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Levensloop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Achtergrond en vroege carrière</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eerste_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eerste_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eerste minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eerste_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latere_politieke_rol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latere_politieke_rol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Latere politieke rol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latere_politieke_rol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Giovanni Spadolini: verschil tussen versies</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 39 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جيوفاني سبادوليني – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيوفاني سبادوليني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="جيوفانى سبادولينى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيوفانى سبادولينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Τζοβάνι Σπαντολίνι – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζοβάνι Σπαντολίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جووانی اسپادولینی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جووانی اسپادولینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B" title="ジョヴァンニ・スパドリーニ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョヴァンニ・スパドリーニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Spadolini" title="Ioannes Spadolini – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Спадолини, Джованни – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спадолини, Джованни" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Ђовани Спадолини – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђовани Спадолини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Джованні Спадоліні – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джованні Спадоліні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Giovanni Spadolini" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC" title="乔瓦尼·斯帕多利尼 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔瓦尼·斯帕多利尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q332709#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Giovanni_Spadolini" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=60611083" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Giovanni_Spadolini&id=60611083&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGiovanni_Spadolini%26diff%3D60611083%26oldid%3D56920634"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGiovanni_Spadolini%26diff%3D60611083%26oldid%3D56920634"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Giovanni+Spadolini"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giovanni_Spadolini" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q332709" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Hulp</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Interactief door geschiedenis bladeren","title":"Paginageschiedenisbalk openen","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Paginageschiedenisbalk openen' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Interactief door geschiedenis bladeren</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&diff=prev&oldid=56920634" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Giovanni Spadolini">← Oudere bewerking</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="nl"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Verwijderde inhoud</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Toegevoegde inhoud</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visueel</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitekst</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"In de regel","title":"Schakelt tussen inline- en tweekolomsindeling"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Schakelt tussen inline- en tweekolomsindeling' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>In de regel</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Schakelt tussen inline- en tweekolomsindeling' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&diff=60611083&oldid=56920634&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Schakelt tussen inline- en tweekolomsindeling"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&diff=60611083&oldid=56920634&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="nl"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=56920634" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Versie van 14 aug 2020 23:08</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&oldid=56920634" title="Giovanni Spadolini">bewerken</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2020-08-14T22:08:40Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Bijdragen/77.134.227.100" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Speciaal:Bijdragen/77.134.227.100" data-mw-revid="56920634"><bdi>77.134.227.100</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg_gebruiker:77.134.227.100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Overleg gebruiker:77.134.227.100 (de pagina bestaat niet)">overleg</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">Geen bewerkingssamenvatting</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&diff=prev&oldid=56920634" title="Giovanni Spadolini" id="differences-prevlink">← Oudere bewerking</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=60611083" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Huidige versie van 24 dec 2021 om 09:55</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit" title="Giovanni Spadolini">bewerken</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2021-12-24T08:55:44Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&undoafter=56920634&undo=60611083" title="Met "ongedaan maken" draait u deze bewerking terug en komt in het bewerkingsvenster. U kunt in de bewerkingssamenvatting een reden opgeven.">ongedaan maken</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Gebruiker:Koen_Verbiest" class="mw-userlink" title="Gebruiker:Koen Verbiest" data-mw-revid="60611083"><bdi>Koen Verbiest</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Overleg_gebruiker:Koen_Verbiest" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Overleg gebruiker:Koen Verbiest">overleg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Bijdragen/Koen_Verbiest" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Speciaal:Bijdragen/Koen Verbiest">bijdragen</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uitgebreid_bevestigde_gebruikers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Uitgebreid bevestigde gebruikers">uitgebreid bevestigde gebruikers</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>38.750</span> bewerkingen</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">Geen bewerkingssamenvatting</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Regel 24:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Regel 24:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Navigatie premiers Italië}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Navigatie premiers Italië}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Appendix|2=</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Appendix|2=</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Bronvermelding anderstalige Wikipedia|titel=Giovanni Spadolini|taal=en|datum=20150418}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Bronvermelding anderstalige Wikipedia|titel=Giovanni Spadolini|taal=en<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|oldid=655300328</ins>|datum=20150418}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{DEFAULTSORT:Spadolini, Giovanni}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{DEFAULTSORT:Spadolini, Giovanni}}</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Huidige versie van 24 dec 2021 om 09:55</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Giovanni Spadolini.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Giovanni Spadolini</b> (<a href="/wiki/Florence_(stad)" title="Florence (stad)">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/21_juni" title="21 juni">21 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> - <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_augustus" title="4 augustus">4 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaans</a> <a href="/wiki/Republicanisme" title="Republicanisme">republikeins</a> <a href="/wiki/Politicus" title="Politicus">politicus</a>. Hij was de 44e <a href="/wiki/Premier_(regeringsleider)" title="Premier (regeringsleider)">premier</a> van Italië, krantenuitgever, <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> en <a href="/wiki/Historicus" title="Historicus">historicus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levensloop">Levensloop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Levensloop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Levensloop"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Achtergrond_en_vroege_carrière"><span id="Achtergrond_en_vroege_carri.C3.A8re"></span>Achtergrond en vroege <a href="/wiki/Loopbaan" title="Loopbaan">carrière</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Achtergrond en vroege carrière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Achtergrond en vroege carrière"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spadolini studeerde rechten aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Florence" title="Universiteit van Florence">Universiteit van Florence</a> en kort na zijn graduatie werd hij benoemd tot professor in de moderne geschiedenis aan de faculteit politieke wetenschappen. Ook werd hij politiek columnist bij verschillende kranten en werd in 1955 hoofduitgever van de krant <i>Il Resto del Carlino</i> in Bologna, waarbij de oplage gedurende zijn dienstperiode verdubbelde. Als journalist gebruikte hij soms het pseudoniem <i>Giovanni dalle Bande Nere</i>. In 1968 verhuisde hij naar <a href="/wiki/Milaan_(stad)" title="Milaan (stad)">Milaan</a> om uitgever te worden van <a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a>, de grootste Italiaanse krant. Dit bleef hij tot hij de journalistiek verliet om in de politiek te kunnen stappen. </p><p>In 1972 werd hij verkozen tot <a href="/wiki/Senaat_(volksvertegenwoordiging)" title="Senaat (volksvertegenwoordiging)">senator</a> en werd al snel Minister van Milieu en later van Onderwijs. In 1979 nam hij het leiderschap van de kleine, maar machtige <a href="/wiki/Republikeinse_Partij_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Republikeinse Partij van Italië">Republikeinse Partij van Italië</a> over, en dit tot in 1987. Van 1974 tot 1976 was hij tevens Minister van Cultuur en van 1983 tot 1987 van Defensie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eerste_minister">Eerste minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eerste minister" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eerste minister"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van 1981 tot 1982 was hij <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerste Minister">Eerste Minister</a> van Italië en was daarmee de eerste niet-<a href="/wiki/Christendemocratie" title="Christendemocratie">christendemocratische</a> premier sinds het einde van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>. Hij probeerde de <a href="/wiki/Corruptie" title="Corruptie">corruptie</a> te verminderen (vooral na het schandaal rond de geheime vrijmetselaarsloge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propaganda_Due&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propaganda Due (de pagina bestaat niet)">Propaganda Due</a>, waar veel politici lid van waren) en terroristische acties te reduceren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latere_politieke_rol">Latere politieke rol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Latere politieke rol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Latere politieke rol"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van 1987 tot in april 1994 was hij voorzitter van de <a href="/wiki/Senaat_van_de_Republiek_(Itali%C3%AB)" title="Senaat van de Republiek (Italië)">Italiaanse Senaat</a>. Na het aftreden van president <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> was hij in 1992 één maand interim-president. Na de verkiezingsoverwinning van <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> in 1994, verloor hij het voorzitterschap van de Senaat. Enkele maanden later overleed hij. Hij ligt begraven op de <a href="/wiki/Cimitero_delle_Porte_Sante" title="Cimitero delle Porte Sante">begraafplaats van Porte Sante</a> in Florence. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="toccolours opvolging" style="text-align:center; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:-0.5em; width:100%; clear:both; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="voorganger" width="30%"><b>Voorganger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Arnaldo Forlani</a> </td> <td class="lijst" width="40%"><b><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_premiers_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Lijst van premiers van Italië">Premier van Italië</a><br />1981-1982</b> </td> <td class="volgende" width="30%"><b>Opvolger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Premiers_van_Italië"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_premiers_Itali%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie premiers Italië"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_premiers_Itali%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Premiers_van_Italië" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_premiers_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Lijst van premiers van Italië">Premiers</a> van <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Itali%C3%AB_(1861-1946)" title="Koninkrijk Italië (1861-1946)">Koninkrijk Italië</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso_di_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso di Cavour">Cavour</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Carlo_Farini" title="Luigi Carlo Farini">Farini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Fortis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Facta" title="Luigi Facta">Facta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luzzatti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a> · <a href="/wiki/Federico_Luigi_Menabrea" title="Federico Luigi Menabrea">Menabrea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Nitti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri">Parri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Pelloux</a> · <a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba" title="Antonio Starabba">Starabba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse Republiek</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Ciampi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">D'Alema</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Draghi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Goria" title="Giovanni Goria">Goria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Letta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Monti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Renzi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spadolini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni-Armaroli" title="Fernando Tambroni-Armaroli">Tambroni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adone_Zoli" title="Adone Zoli">Zoli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <p>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini?oldid=655300328">Giovanni Spadolini</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini?offset=20150418235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style> </p> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=60611083">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&oldid=60611083</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_historicus" title="Categorie:Italiaans historicus">Italiaans historicus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_journalist" title="Categorie:Italiaans journalist">Italiaans journalist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_minister_van_Cultuur" title="Categorie:Italiaans minister van Cultuur">Italiaans minister van Cultuur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_minister_van_Defensie" title="Categorie:Italiaans minister van Defensie">Italiaans minister van Defensie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_minister_van_Onderwijs" title="Categorie:Italiaans minister van Onderwijs">Italiaans minister van Onderwijs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italiaans_senator" title="Categorie:Italiaans senator">Italiaans senator</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Premier_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Premier van Italië">Premier van Italië</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 24 dec 2021 om 09:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Spadolini&diff=60611083&oldid=56920634&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-89558","wgBackendResponseTime":265,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.062","walltime":"0.328","ppvisitednodes":{"value":562,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":13823,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6578,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2241,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 48.373 1 -total"," 63.00% 30.476 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_premiers_Italië"," 57.14% 27.641 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie"," 25.97% 12.561 1 Sjabloon:Appendix"," 22.60% 10.933 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie/Tabel"," 21.11% 10.213 1 Sjabloon:Bronvermelding_anderstalige_Wikipedia"," 7.51% 3.632 1 Sjabloon:Bewerklinks"," 6.12% 2.959 1 Sjabloon:Wikitaal"," 4.00% 1.933 1 Sjabloon:OpvolgingCombi"," 3.58% 1.730 1 Sjabloon:StartOpvolging"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-686f59f5c-9mnmr","timestamp":"20241102162346","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Giovanni Spadolini","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giovanni_Spadolini","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q332709","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q332709","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-04-18T16:51:22Z","dateModified":"2021-12-24T08:55:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/82\/Giovanni_Spadolini_2.jpg","headline":"Italiaans politicus"}</script> </body> </html>