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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=R%C5%ABnu+raksts" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=R%C5%ABnu+raksts" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rūnu_maģiskā_nozīme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rūnu_maģiskā_nozīme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rūnu maģiskā nozīme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rūnu_maģiskā_nozīme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloģija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloģija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etimoloģija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloģija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rūnu_zīmes_(fuþark_raksts)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rūnu_zīmes_(fuþark_raksts)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rūnu zīmes (fuþark raksts)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rūnu_zīmes_(fuþark_raksts)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rūnu raksts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 83 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune-alfabet" title="Rune-alfabet – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rune-alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futhark" title="Futhark – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Futhark" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%BEorc" title="Fuþorc – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fuþorc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبجدية رونية – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية رونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_r%C3%BAnicu" title="Alfabetu rúnicu – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu rúnicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Run əlifbası – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Run əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рун яҙмаһы – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рун яҙмаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Руны – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Руни – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runo%C3%B9" title="Runoù – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Runoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_r%C3%BAnic" title="Alfabet rúnic – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet rúnic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy" title="Runy – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Runy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Рунăсем – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рунăсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runealfabet" title="Runealfabet – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Runealfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabey_Runki" title="Alfabey Runki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabey Runki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Ρούνοι – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρούνοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaj_alfabetoj" title="Runaj alfabetoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Runaj alfabetoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_r%C3%BAnico" title="Alfabeto rúnico – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto rúnico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruunid" title="Ruunid – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruunid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_erruniko" title="Alfabeto erruniko – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto erruniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خط رونی – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط رونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riimukirjoitus" title="Riimukirjoitus – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riimukirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnir" title="Rúnir – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rúnir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruunen" title="Ruunen – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruunen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_r%C3%BAnico" title="Alfabeto rúnico – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto rúnico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃 – gotu" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Roonagh" title="Abbyrlhit Roonagh – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Roonagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אלפבית רוני – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית רוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रूनी लिपि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूनी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAna%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Rúnaírás – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rúnaírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռուներ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Rune" title="Alfabet Rune – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Rune" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runo-skribajo" title="Runo-skribajo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Runo-skribajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnir" title="Rúnir – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúnir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_runico" title="Alfabeto runico – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto runico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ルーン文字 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーン文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რუნები – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Руналық жазу – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руналық жазу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%AC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="룬 문자 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="룬 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runae" title="Runae – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Runae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas" title="Runas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Runas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runos" title="Runos – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Runos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_ronika" title="Abidy ronika – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy ronika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рунска азбука – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рунска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သစ်ထွင်းစာ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သစ်ထွင်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes_(skrift)" title="Runes (skrift) – lejassakšu" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Runes (skrift)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lejassakšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runer" title="Runer – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runer" title="Runer – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_runic" title="Alfabet runic – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet runic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy" title="Runy – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Runy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="رونی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رونی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas" title="Runas – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Runas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run%C4%83" title="Rună – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Руны – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Руналар – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руналар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes" title="Runes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Runes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy_(germ%C3%A1nske_p%C3%ADsmo)" title="Runy (germánske písmo) – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Runy (germánske písmo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa" title="Runa – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Runa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_runik" title="Alfabeti runik – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti runik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Руне – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руне" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runor" title="Runor – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Runor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรรูน – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรรูน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runik_yaz%C4%B1" title="Runik yazı – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Runik yazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Руни – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="رونی حروف تہجی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رونی حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runik_yozuv" title="Runik yozuv – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Runik yozuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Rune" title="Chữ Rune – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Rune" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune_(abakadahan)" title="Rune (abakadahan) – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rune (abakadahan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%8F%E5%8C%BF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" 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title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span class="hatnote noexcerpt">Šis raksts ir par rūnu rakstu. Par citām jēdziena <b>rūnas</b> nozīmēm skatīt <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABnas" class="mw-disambig" title="Rūnas">nozīmju atdalīšanas lapu</a>.</span></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:CodexRunicus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/220px-CodexRunicus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/330px-CodexRunicus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/440px-CodexRunicus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption> <i>Codex Runicus</i> lappuse (ap 1300 g.)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rūnu raksti</b> ir komplekss apzīmējums dažādās kultūrās lietotiem <a href="/wiki/Alfab%C4%93ts" title="Alfabēts">alfabētiem</a>. Populārākajā izpratnē tas ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandin%C4%81vu_tautas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skandināvu tautas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">skandināvu</a> un citu <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erm%C4%81%C5%86u_tautas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ģermāņu tautas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ģermāņu tautu</a> lietots raksts agrajos viduslaikos. Pie citas grupas pieder <a href="/wiki/Tjurku_r%C5%ABnas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjurku rūnas">tjurku</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ung%C4%81ru_r%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ungāru rūnas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ungāru</a> rūnas. </p><p>Pirmās rūnas Skandināvijā - 16 zīmju alfabēts, - radies kur aptuveni m.e. III gs. vidū. Šīs zīmes atrastas apmēram uz 200 artefaktiem. Pēc 600 gadiem, IX gs. šo alfabētu nomaina modernāks, jau 24 zīmju rūnu alfabēts "futhart". </p><p>Tā raksturīgā pielietojuma forma ir akmenī, metālā, kokā, kaulā iecirstas teksti. Arheologi ir apzinājuši un izanalizējuši visus atrastos priekšmetus, uz kuriem ir rūnu uzraksti: 45 rūnakmeņi Norvēģijā, aptuveni 220 rūnakmeņi Dānijā un 2500 rūnakmeņi Zviedrijā, kā arī atsevišķi uzraksti vai zīmes uz saimniecības priekšmetiem un rūnu atradumi pārējā Eiropā un Tuvajos Austrumos. Paši teksti ir maksimāli īsi, lielākais 3—4 teikumi, turklāt visi ir izteikti utilitāri, piemēram: "šo zobenu kalis Haralds no Jomsfjorda", vai "Ingrīda vēlēja uzcelt piestātni un izgriezt akmenī rūnas, lai saglabātu ļaužu piemiņā savu vīru Ingemaru un savus dēlus Danu un Banki; viņi dzīvoja Rundbjū, kur tiem piederēja saimniecība". Ļoti reti rūnas sastopamas uz ieročiem, rotaslietām vai amuletiem, un arī tad teksts praktiski nekad nav saistīts ar mitoloģiju. </p><p>Skat. arī <a href="/wiki/Mervalas_r%C5%ABnu_akmens" title="Mervalas rūnu akmens">Mervalas rūnu akmens</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rūnu_maģiskā_nozīme"><span id="R.C5.ABnu_ma.C4.A3isk.C4.81_noz.C4.ABme"></span>Rūnu maģiskā nozīme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Rūnu maģiskā nozīme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Rūnu maģiskā nozīme"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Mervalas_runakmens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/e/e2/Mervalas_runakmens.png/200px-Mervalas_runakmens.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/e/e2/Mervalas_runakmens.png/300px-Mervalas_runakmens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/e/e2/Mervalas_runakmens.png/400px-Mervalas_runakmens.png 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mervalas_r%C5%ABnu_akmens" title="Mervalas rūnu akmens">Mervalas rūnu akmens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:G_135,_Sjonhem.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/G_135%2C_Sjonhem.JPG/200px-G_135%2C_Sjonhem.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/G_135%2C_Sjonhem.JPG/300px-G_135%2C_Sjonhem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/G_135%2C_Sjonhem.JPG/400px-G_135%2C_Sjonhem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="2651" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ventava" title="Ventava">Šonemas rūnu akmens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG/200px-Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG/300px-Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG/400px-Runstenar_Trosa_bro_S%C3%B639_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trosas_r%C5%ABnu_akmens" title="Trosas rūnu akmens">Trosas rūnu akmens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:U_698,_Veckholm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/U_698%2C_Veckholm.jpg/200px-U_698%2C_Veckholm.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/U_698%2C_Veckholm.jpg/300px-U_698%2C_Veckholm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/U_698%2C_Veckholm.jpg/400px-U_698%2C_Veckholm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vekholmas_r%C5%ABnu_akmens" title="Vekholmas rūnu akmens">Vekholmas rūnu akmens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Skandināvu senākie rakstītie avoti (vecākais zināmais attiecas uz 1020. gadu) - abas Edas, Torgilsona “Islandes vēsture”, Snorres Sturlusona “Heimskringla”, Dudo “Normandijas valdnieku vēsture” (<i>De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae Ducum</i>), sāgas u.c., - nekur nevar atrast ne mazāko norādi, ka rūnas izmantotas zīlēšanā, vai ka tām būtu kāda slēptāka nozīme. Tas pats attiecas uz vēlo viduslaiku avotiem līdz pat <a href="/wiki/Reform%C4%81cija" title="Reformācija">reformācijai</a>. Arī baznīcas vizitāciju protokolos un raganu prāvu materiālos nav neviena mājiena par kādu īpašu rūnu nozīmi (bet baznīctēvi ļoti cītīgi un skrupulozi apkopoja visus materiālus par ķecerībām, pagānismu un buršanos). </p><p>Pirmie teksti, kuros rūnām tiek piešķirta mistiska jēga, parādās XIX gs. vidū un XX gs. pirmajā pusē, tautiski romantisko rakstnieku fantāzijās un nacistiski orientētu t.s. nacionālās atmodas ideologu propagandas darbos par senču varonīgo un garīguma apdvesto mantojumu. kur rūnu rakstam piešķirta arī maģiska un sakrāla nozīme. Šādā formā tas fantāzijas un populārā literatūrā tiek izmantots arī mūsdienās. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloģija"><span id="Etimolo.C4.A3ija"></span>Etimoloģija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Etimoloģija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Etimoloģija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nosaukums <i>rūnas</i>, iespējams, saistāms ar indoeiropiešu valodās sastopamo vārda sakni <b>reu</b> vai <b>ru</b>, kas apzīmēja balss skaņas. No šīs saknes, iespējams, cēlušies ne tikai latviešu vārdi "rūkt" un "runa", bet arī <a href="/wiki/Goti" title="Goti">gotu</a> vārds "rūna", kura pirmatnējā nozīme bija "noslēpums" jeb "tas, ko pasaka kā noslēpumu". Šajā nozīmē tas saglabājies vāciešu valodā kā darbības vārds <i>raunen</i> ("iečukstēt"). Tādēļ vārda "rūnakmens" etimoloģiskā nozīme, iespējams, ir "runājošais akmens". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rūnu_zīmes_(fuþark_raksts)"><span id="R.C5.ABnu_z.C4.ABmes_.28fu.C3.BEark_raksts.29"></span>Rūnu zīmes (fuþark raksts)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Rūnu zīmes (fuþark raksts)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Rūnu zīmes (fuþark raksts)"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="standard" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rūnu zīme</th> <th>Zīmes vārds</th> <th>Tulkojums</th> <th>Transkripcija </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_fehu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="f"><img alt="f" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/14px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/21px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/28px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fehu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fehu (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Fehu</a></td> <td>«lopi, īpašums»</td> <td>f, v </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_uruz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="u"><img alt="u" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uruz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Uruz</a></td> <td>«sumbrs»</td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="th, þ"><img alt="th, þ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/25px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eurisaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þurisaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Þurisaz</a></td> <td>«dievs Tors»</td> <td>þ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_ansuz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="a"><img alt="a" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/9px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/13px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansuz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ansuz</a></td> <td>«dievi»</td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_raido.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="r"><img alt="r" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/12px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/18px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/24px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raidu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raidu (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Raidu</a></td> <td>«ritums, ceļš»</td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_kauna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="k"><img alt="k" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/13px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/19px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/26px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="26" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kauna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kauna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kauna</a></td> <td>«dedzinoša čūla, lāpa»</td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_gebo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="g"><img alt="g" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/14px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/21px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/28px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebu (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Gebu</a></td> <td>«dāvana»</td> <td>g, γ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_wunjo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="w"><img alt="w" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/10px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/15px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/20px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wunju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wunju (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Wunju</a></td> <td>«līksme»</td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_haglaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="h"><img alt="h" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Runic_letter_haglaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_haglaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Runic_letter_haglaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_haglaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Runic_letter_haglaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_haglaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagalaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagalaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Hagalaz</a></td> <td>«krusa»</td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_naudiz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="n"><img alt="n" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/24px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naudiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naudiz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Naudiz</a></td> <td>«vajadzība, <i>nauda</i>»<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_isaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="i"><img alt="i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/2px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/3px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/4px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Isaz</a></td> <td>«ledus»</td> <td>i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_jeran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="j"><img alt="j" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/14px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/21px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/28px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jara" class="mw-redirect" title="Jara">Jara</a></td> <td>«gads, raža»</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_iwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ï, ei"><img alt="ï, ei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Iwaz</a></td> <td>«īve»</td> <td>é (ih-wh) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_pertho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="p"><img alt="p" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/12px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/18px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/25px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%BEu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perþu (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Perþu</a></td> <td>nozīme neskaidra, «bumbieris?»</td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_algiz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="R"><img alt="R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algiz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Algiz</a></td> <td>«alnis»</td> <td>-R (-z) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="s"><img alt="s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/12px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/18px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/24px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> vai <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_sowilo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="s"><img alt="s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Runic_letter_sowilo.svg/12px-Runic_letter_sowilo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Runic_letter_sowilo.svg/18px-Runic_letter_sowilo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Runic_letter_sowilo.svg/24px-Runic_letter_sowilo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sowilu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sowilu (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Sowilu</a></td> <td>«saule»</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="t"><img alt="t" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiwaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiwaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Tiwaz</a></td> <td>«dievs Tīvs»</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_berkanan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="b"><img alt="b" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/12px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/18px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/25px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkana (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Berkana</a></td> <td>«bērzs»</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="e"><img alt="e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehwaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehwaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ehwaz</a></td> <td>«zirgs»</td> <td>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_mannaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="m"><img alt="m" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mannaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mannaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Mannaz</a></td> <td>«vīrietis, cilvēks»</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_laukaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="l"><img alt="l" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/24px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laguz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laguz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Laguz</a></td> <td>«ezers»</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ŋ"><img alt="ŋ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C5%8Bwaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iŋwaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Iŋwaz</a></td> <td>«dievs Ingvi»</td> <td>ŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_dagaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="d"><img alt="d" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagaz (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dagaz</a></td> <td>«diena»</td> <td>d, ð </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Runic_letter_othalan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="o"><img alt="o" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/16px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/24px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/32px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="57" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C3%BEila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oþila (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Oþila</a></td> <td>«mantojums»</td> <td>o </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Konstantīns Karulis. Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīcas I sējums. Rīga, 1992.; 619 lpp. Vārda "nauda" pamatā ir <a href="/wiki/Indoeiropie%C5%A1i" title="Indoeiropieši">indoeiropiešu</a> pirmvalodas sakne <i>neud</i> - <i>satvert, ņemt lietošanai</i>. No tā cēlies senskandināvu vārds <i>naut</i> - <i>(liel)lops</i>, gotu <i>niutan</i> - <i>sasniegt, iegūt</i>, vācu <i>nutzen</i> - <i>noderēt, lietot</i>, lietuviešu <i>nauda</i> - <i>derīgums, īpašums</i> ...</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABnu_raksts&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Runic_writing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Runic writing">Rūnu raksts</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/runic-alphabet"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/runes/">Pasaules vēstures enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeo.aau.at/eeo.aau.at/indexdc18.html">Austrumeiropas enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(vāciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com">www.omniglot.com</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aizmetņa ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/45px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/60px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td><i>Šis ar <a href="/wiki/Valodniec%C4%ABba" title="Valodniecība">valodniecību</a> saistītais raksts ir <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aizmetnis" title="Vikipēdija:Aizmetnis">nepilnīgs</a>. 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