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7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/italiia-02fc0e/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=auCB1mo9gnZTArWtF0xQHg&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Суверенные государства"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Италия"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Итальянская Республика, Страны зарубежной Европы"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-[105px]"><nav class="bre-article-loc -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="bre-article-loc-button"><span class="bre-article-loc-title">Содержание</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="bre-article-loc-short">Общие сведения</div></div></nav><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Италия</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/sovereign_countries" class="bre-label _link">Суверенные государства</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Суверенные государства</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Италия</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Италия. Государственный флаг"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Италия. Государственный флаг."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=auCB1mo9gnZTArWtF0xQHg&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Италия. Государственный флаг" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=auCB1mo9gnZTArWtF0xQHg&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=C9D8FK-lhAcGxwmMvgyl7A&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Y_-L6XP2C1J2zXoRuvh63g&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tJvYjKkcGz_QLGYj3Eq9YA&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=POh89CWcFYNYu_uwNgB1ZA&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Lb7f1Kc7SWTS4yOnzOGamQ&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kz_7GNmE41dMo0oyz8cMiw&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=x51IRKHq7her6fTBicGaDw&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=R6ucaphP1y3TLj6X7g3DrQ&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Италия. Государственный флаг" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Страноведение. Италия</dd><dt>Другие наименования:</dt><dd>Итальянская Республика</dd><dt>Современное государство:</dt><dd>Италия</dd><dt>Материк (часть света):</dt><dd>Европа</dd><dt>Участие в международных организациях:</dt><dd>ООН, МВФ, МБРР, НАТО, Совет Европы, ЕС, ОЭСР (Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития), ОБСЕ, ВТО</dd><dt>Общая протяженность сухопутных границ:</dt><dd>1875,4 км</dd><dt>Общая протяженность береговой линии:</dt><dd>7375 км</dd><dt>Численность населения:</dt><dd>59,2 млн чел.</dd><dt>Площадь территории:</dt><dd>302,1 тыс. км²</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/sovereign_countries" class="bre-label _link">Суверенные государства</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Суверенные государства</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Италия</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Ита́лия </b>(Italia), Итальянская Республика (Repubblica Italiana).</p><div title="Италия. Государственный гимн. Интерпретация туринской Ассоциации «Проект Скрипториум» (дирижёр – Маурицио Бенедетти (Maurizio Benedetti), фортепиано – Вито Маджолино (Vito Maggiolino), Туринский хор «Ensemble Coro di Torino»)."><div class="bre-audio-player _note-exclude"><div itemscope itemprop="audio" itemtype="https://schema.org/AudioObject" class="grid-area-footer"><meta itemprop="isFamilyFriendly" content="true"><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT3M40S"><div><meta itemprop="name" content="Италия. Государственный гимн"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="https://www.quirinale.it/page/ascoltainno "><meta itemprop="description" content="Италия. Государственный гимн. Интерпретация туринской Ассоциации «Проект Скрипториум» (дирижёр – Маурицио Бенедетти (Maurizio Benedetti), фортепиано – Вито Маджолино (Vito Maggiolino), Туринский хор «Ensemble Coro di Torino»)."></div><div><link itemprop="thumbnail" href=""><link itemprop="thumbnailUrl" href=""><link itemprop="embedUrl" href="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/f9bc44adaeab88f6b5d8306075158f82.mp3#t=0"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/f9bc44adaeab88f6b5d8306075158f82.mp3#t=0"><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2022-03-21T09:21:26Z"><meta itemprop="bitrate" content="154701"></div></div><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="https://www.quirinale.it/page/ascoltainno "><audio><source src="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/f9bc44adaeab88f6b5d8306075158f82.mp3#t=0" type="" itemprop="url"></audio><div class="bre-audio-player__poster _default" style=""></div><div class="bre-audio-player__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-2 tw-cursor-default">Италия. Государственный гимн. Интерпретация туринской Ассоциации «Проект Скрипториум» (дирижёр – Маурицио Бенедетти (Maurizio Benedetti), фортепиано – Вито Маджолино (Vito Maggiolino), Туринский хор «Ensemble Coro di Torino»).</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Италия. Государственный гимн. Интерпретация туринской Ассоциации «Проект Скрипториум» (дирижёр – Маурицио Бенедетти (Maurizio Benedetti), фортепиано – Вито Маджолино (Vito Maggiolino), Туринский хор «Ensemble Coro di Torino»).</span></span></span></div><button class="bre-audio-player__play _play"></button><div class="bre-audio-player__progress"><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-line"><div class="bre-scrubber-control bre-scrubber-control__mask" style="background-color:#dfdfdf;"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__inner"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(-100%);background-color:#dfdfdf;"></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(-100%);background-color:#3380ef;"></div></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress-point" style="left:0px;background-color:#3380ef;"></div></div><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-time_box"><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-time-base">00:00</div><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-time-base"><span>3:40</span></div></div></div></div><div class="bre-audio-player_footer"><div class="bre-audio-player__author"><div class="bre-media-reference"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-ml-0.5 tw-line-clamp-1 tw-cursor-default -text-body-2 tw-text-gray-2">https://www.quirinale.it/page/ascoltainno </span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span class="-text-caption-1 tw-inline-block tw-cursor-default tw-text-primary-white">https://www.quirinale.it/page/ascoltainno </span></span></span></div></div><div class="tw-inline-flex"><div class="bre-sound-control _audio" max="1"><button class="bre-sound-control__dynamic"><span class="nuxt-icon volume-icon tw-text-2xl"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M15 6.3706C15 4.65827 12.9884 3.73774 11.6926 4.85712L8.36317 7.73321C7.99988 8.04704 7.53583 8.21972 7.05576 8.21973L5.49998 8.21974C4.11928 8.21975 3 9.33903 3 10.7197V14.0127C3 15.3934 4.11929 16.5127 5.5 16.5127H7.0558C7.53587 16.5127 7.99993 16.6854 8.36322 16.9992L11.6926 19.8753C12.9884 20.9947 15 20.0741 15 18.3618V12.3662V6.3706Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" /> <path d="M18 15.3667C18.6279 14.531 19 13.4923 19 12.3667C19 11.2411 18.6279 10.2024 18 9.3667" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" /> <path d="M20 18.3667C21.2558 16.6954 22 14.6179 22 12.3667C22 10.1155 21.2558 8.03802 20 6.3667" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" /> </svg> </span></button><div class="bre-sound-control__volume"><div class="bre-scrubber-control" style="background-color:#e7f3ff;"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__inner"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(-100%);background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);"></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(0%);background-color:#3380EF;"></div></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress-point" style="left:0px;background-color:#3380EF;"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><h2 id="h2_oбschie_svedeniya">Общие сведения</h2><p>Государство на юге <a href="/c/evropa-105dbe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Европы</a>, в центральной части <a href="/c/sredizemnomor-e-93980d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Средиземноморья</a>. Территория включает материковую часть (<a href="/c/padanskaia-ravnina-ba6be1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Паданская равнина</a>, обращённые к востоку и югу склоны <a href="/c/al-py-885608" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Альп</a>, <a href="/c/apenninskii-poluostrov-c9089d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Апеннинский полуостров</a>), крупные острова <a href="/c/sitsiliia-ostrov-f6c27d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сицилия</a>, <a href="/c/sardiniia-ostrov-d7eff1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сардиния</a>, ряд архипелагов и мелких островов. Около 20 % границы проходит по суше, в основном по Альпам. </p><div><div class="bre-slider _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Collection https://schema.org/ItemList" itemprop="hasPart"><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude _gallery" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Италия на карте зарубежной Европы"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Италия (зарубежная Европа). Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lVoAwUxuZwYXKcoy9MN2VQ&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Италия на карте зарубежной Европы" data-nuxt-img sizes="1024px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lVoAwUxuZwYXKcoy9MN2VQ&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=uJuqkuhv-rP73EqFHTbiPA&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dgL9Lbt4gzOVGdiCUICPHg&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WJzGuSve-2AFRfb4Dl-y4A&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=vTMSvgMWuk1MiwnU5Mjvww&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=OBYCSrESiNhPemqmYJiw8w&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=jSn-uo7HiWWDo5h3dHHX_g&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=h-prKXVdPNeD3ecmjywpdA&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=CI4nBP1qPR4tuCDp170-pQ&filename=vault/20650802a51aab8d368be9d9f9c316e5.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Италия на карте зарубежной Европы" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Италия (зарубежная Европа). Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Италия (зарубежная Европа). Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="-show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-arrow bre-image-arrow _left"><span class="nuxt-icon tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-3"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.2071 9.20906C19.5976 8.81854 19.5976 8.18537 19.2071 7.79485C18.8166 7.40432 18.1834 7.40432 17.7929 7.79485L19.2071 9.20906ZM11.5 15.502L10.7929 16.2091C11.1834 16.5996 11.8166 16.5996 12.2071 16.2091L11.5 15.502ZM5.20711 7.79485C4.81658 7.40432 4.18342 7.40432 3.79289 7.79485C3.40237 8.18537 3.40237 8.81854 3.79289 9.20906L5.20711 7.79485ZM17.7929 7.79485L10.7929 14.7948L12.2071 16.2091L19.2071 9.20906L17.7929 7.79485ZM12.2071 14.7948L5.20711 7.79485L3.79289 9.20906L10.7929 16.2091L12.2071 14.7948Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span></div><div class="bre-arrow bre-image-arrow _right"><span class="nuxt-icon tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-3"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.2071 9.20906C19.5976 8.81854 19.5976 8.18537 19.2071 7.79485C18.8166 7.40432 18.1834 7.40432 17.7929 7.79485L19.2071 9.20906ZM11.5 15.502L10.7929 16.2091C11.1834 16.5996 11.8166 16.5996 12.2071 16.2091L11.5 15.502ZM5.20711 7.79485C4.81658 7.40432 4.18342 7.40432 3.79289 7.79485C3.40237 8.18537 3.40237 8.81854 3.79289 9.20906L5.20711 7.79485ZM17.7929 7.79485L10.7929 14.7948L12.2071 16.2091L19.2071 9.20906L17.7929 7.79485ZM12.2071 14.7948L5.20711 7.79485L3.79289 9.20906L10.7929 16.2091L12.2071 14.7948Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span></div></span></span><div class="bre-slider-dots"><button class="bre-slider-dot _current"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button></div><div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="itemListElement"><meta itemprop="name" content="Италия. Государственный герб"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Италия. Государственный герб."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content=""><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=gM_CoqeoGBqRBStCfdgi9g&filename=vault/a6414a7120ab90eca8da1e9cf2607721.webp&width=120"></div></div></div><p>Италия имеет сухопутную границу с <a href="/c/frantsiia-370c99" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Францией</a> (515 км), <a href="/c/shveitsariia-946a93" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Швейцарией</a> (698 км), <a href="/c/avstriia-fcaec6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Австрией</a> (404 км), <a href="/c/sloveniia-9a4309" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Словенией</a> (218 км), Сан-Марино (37 км) и Ватиканом (3,4 км). Сан-Марино и Ватикан – государства-анклавы, окружённые территорией Италии. Общая протяжённость сухопутных границ 1875,4 км (2021). В свою очередь, коммуна Кампьоне-д’Италиа, на берегу озера <a href="/c/lugano-ozero-899512" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лугано</a>, – эксклав Италии, окружённый территорией Швейцарии (кантон Тичино). Берега Италии омываются морями: на западе – <a href="/c/liguriiskoe-more-270c4f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лигурийским</a> и <a href="/c/tirrenskoe-more-7c1157" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тирренским</a>, на юге – <a href="/c/ionicheskoe-more-f1545f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ионическим</a>, на востоке – <a href="/c/adriaticheskoe-more-de4b0f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Адриатическим</a> (длина береговой линии 7375 км). Площадь 302,1 тыс. км<sup>2</sup> (2021). Расстояние по ортодроме от крайней северной точки территории – горы Теста Джемелла в Ауринских Альпах – до мыса Меч-Рыбы (Пеше-Спада) на о. Лампедуза 1289 км.</p><p>Население 59,2 млн человек (2021; 60,2 млн в 2019). Столица – <a href="/c/rim-890a9e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Рим</a>. Денежная единица – <a href="/c/evro-d5861f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">евро</a>. Официальный язык – <a href="/c/ital-ianskii-iazyk-dade17" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">итальянский</a>. В некоторых областях в качестве второго официального языка на локальном уровне области или провинции используются <a href="/c/frantsuzskii-iazyk-b11ddf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">французский</a> (<a href="/c/valle-daosta-0ff3bb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Валле-д’Аоста</a>), <a href="/c/slovenskii-iazyk-21b6b2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">словенский</a> (провинции Триест, Гориция, Удине), <a href="/c/nemetskii-iazyk-a95c3a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">немецкий</a> (провинция Больцано) и ладино (в ряде коммун области <a href="/c/trentino-al-to-adidzhe-1b8209" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Трентино-Альто-Адидже</a>).</p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Общегеографическая карта Италии"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Италия. Общегеографическая карта. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 января 2023 г."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JctKnkGw_x91OGduw66VLw&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Общегеографическая карта Италии" data-nuxt-img sizes="1024px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JctKnkGw_x91OGduw66VLw&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=VhJGi9179ffdAFee7ddxfA&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=IFtq3diuBuErPdZrA4eudg&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=h-99fj5Bokim076fO8AJZA&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fOmMUIL7ps5n3aiX0QeFxg&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=VXcvClZfVK56AkFy0vE_ZQ&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=o_P-Z-GJ_EM8HPtdQmCM9A&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=MTwH0_k7W6bJ5EPZFtqkig&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=SktE2dTsHQMpkLpf1MxN_Q&filename=vault/df61c156620ec29be5d619f0d0606265.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Общегеографическая карта Италии" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Италия. Общегеографическая карта. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 января 2023 г.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Италия. Общегеографическая карта. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 января 2023 г.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Традиционно на территории Италии выделяют 3 историко-экономических региона – Север, Центр и Юг. В административном отношении Италия разделена на 20 областей, 5 из них наделены особым статусом, признаны автономными образованиями, имеют собственные уставы, полномочия и функции. Совокупно области состоят из 107 провинций, включая 14 <a href="/c/metropolitenskii-gorod-v-italii-2b403f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">метрополитенских городов</a> (2021), образованных с 2015 г. на основе соответствующих провинций (Рим, <a href="/c/milan-5fdc3c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Милан</a>, <a href="/c/turin-7217aa" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Турин</a>, <a href="/c/venetsiia-23144b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Венеция</a>, <a href="/c/genuia-d8b691" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Генуя</a>, <a href="/c/bolon-ia-e28440" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Болонья</a>, <a href="/c/florentsiia-1fba02" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Флоренция</a>, <a href="/c/neapol-d036ae" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Неаполь</a>, <a href="/c/bari-2f24ca" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Бари</a>, <a href="/c/redzho-di-kalabriia-b4ba07" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Реджо-ди-Калабрия</a>, <a href="/c/kataniia-bdd65d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Катания</a>, <a href="/c/messina-580bb2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Мессина</a>, <a href="/c/palermo-57fd48" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Палермо</a>, <a href="/c/kal-iari-d4f1b3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кальяри</a>) и 6 т. н. свободных консорциумов на Сицилии. Метрополитенские города и провинции делятся на 7901 коммуну (2023).</p><div class="tw-my-6"><div class="table-wrap-title" itemprop="about"><p>Административно-территориальное деление (2019)</p></div><div class="table-wrap" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Table" itemprop="hasPart"><div class="table-scroller"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Область</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Провинции (свободные консорциумы), метрополитенские города</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Площадь области, тыс. км<sup>2</sup></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Население области, млн человек</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Административный центр области</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Административный центр провинции (свободного консорциума)</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Валле- д’Аоста*</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>3,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>0,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/aosta-1df64c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Аоста</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="8"><p><a href="/c/p-emont-872522" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пьемонт</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Алессандрия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="8"><p>25,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="8"><p>4,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="8"><p>Турин</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/alessandriia-77fe4b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Алессандрия</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Асти</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/asti-1cd8c7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Асти</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Бьелла</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Бьелла</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Вербано-Кузио-Оссола</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Вербания</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Верчелли</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/verchelli-d1e0d4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Верчелли</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кунео</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кунео</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Новара</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/novara-cf2c0f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Новара</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Турин</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="12"><p><a href="/c/lombardiia-oblast-347c58" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ломбардия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Бергамо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="12"><p>23,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="12"><p>10,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="12"><p>Милан</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/bergamo-65f4ff" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Бергамо</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Брешиа</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/breshia-a6d545" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Брешиа</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Варезе</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Варезе</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Комо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/komo-50b3a4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Комо</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кремона</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/kremona-b1b3c1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кремона</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Лекко</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/lekko-d109a1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лекко</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Лоди</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Лоди</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Мантуя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/mantuia-698278" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Мантуя</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Милан</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Монца-э-Брианца</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/montsa-1d78f3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Монца</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Павия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/paviia-c67e70" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Павия</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Сондрио</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Сондрио</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p><a href="/c/liguriia-oblast-b0e780" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лигурия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Генуя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>5,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>1,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>Генуя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Империя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Империя</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ла Специя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/spetsiia-466998" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Специя</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Савона</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Савона</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="7"><p><a href="/c/venetsiia-oblast-7478a7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Венеция</a> (Венето)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Беллуно</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="7"><p>18,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="7"><p>4,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="7"><p>Венеция</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Беллуно</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Венеция</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Верона</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/verona-48cac6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Верона</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Виченца</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/vichentsa-fcc08e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Виченца</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Падуя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/paduia-22ba69" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Падуя</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ровиго</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ровиго</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Тревизо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/trevizo-145b9e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тревизо</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>Трентино-Альто-Адидже</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Больцано</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>13,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>1,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/trento-f8c8db" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тренто</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/bol-tsano-937788" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Больцано</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Тренто</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Тренто</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p><a href="/c/friuli-venetsiia-dzhuliia-dee239" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Фриули-Венеция-Джулия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Гориция**</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>7,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>1,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>Триест</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Гориция</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Порденоне**</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Порденоне</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Триест**</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/triest-df91ef" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Триест</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Удине**</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/udine-2869c6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Удине</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p><a href="/c/emiliia-roman-ia-5a2142" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эмилия-Романья</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Болонья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p>22,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p>4,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p>Болонья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Модена</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/modena-706806" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Модена</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Парма</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/parma-b924f6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Парма</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Пьяченца</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/p-iachentsa-b9e944" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пьяченца</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Равенна</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/ravenna-cf9dcd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Равенна</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Реджо-нель-Эмилия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/redzho-nel-emiliia-c50f40" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Реджо-нель-Эмилия</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Римини</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/rimini-d0bd14" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Римини</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Феррара,</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/ferrara-f10e41" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Феррара</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Форли-Чезена</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/forli-b0b87d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Форли</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/latsio-46c8c9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лацио</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Витербо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>17,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>5,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>Рим</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/viterbo-fc74b4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Витербо</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Латина</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/latina-816af6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Латина</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Риети</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Риети</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Рим</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Фрозиноне</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Фрозиноне</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/marke-oblast-078860" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Марке</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Анкона</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>9,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>1,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/ankona-e2e0e3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Анкона</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Анкона</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Асколи-Пичено</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/askoli-picheno-5f58f5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Асколи-Пичено</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Мачерата</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/macherata-6d46bf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Мачерата</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Пезаро-э-Урбино</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/pezaro-8e56e2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пезаро</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Фермо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Фермо</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="10"><p><a href="/c/toskana-9218aa" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тоскана</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ареццо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="10"><p>23,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="10"><p>3,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="10"><p>Флоренция</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/aretstso-97f74d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ареццо</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Гроссето</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/grosseto-61b60a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гроссето</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ливорно</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/livorno-1977e5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ливорно</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Лукка</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/lukka-dd3e18" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лукка</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Масса-Каррара</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Масса</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Пиза</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/piza-4d5505" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пиза</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Пистоя</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/pistoia-9274b0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пистоя</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Прато</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/prato-b2f9ee" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Прато</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Сиена</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/siena-df4aba" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сиена</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Флоренция</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/umbriia-98e607" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Умбрия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Перуджа</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>8,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>0,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/perudzha-961462" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Перуджа</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Перуджа</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Терни</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/terni-ff0d84" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Терни</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/kampaniia-e355f8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кампания</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Авеллино</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>13,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>5,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>Неаполь</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Авеллино</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Беневенто</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/benevento-12b40d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Беневенто</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Казерта</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/kazerta-a52860" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Казерта</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Неаполь</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Салерно</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/salerno-e0b0c1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Салерно</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p><a href="/c/abrutstso-260060" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Абруццо</a> (Абруцци)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кьети</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>10,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>1,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p><a href="/c/lakuila-189828" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Л’Акуила</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кьети</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Л’Акуила</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Л’Акуила</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Пескара</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/peskara-5ef7eb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пескара</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Терамо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Терамо</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/molize-e4ef34" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Молизе</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Изерния</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>4,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>0,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/kampobasso-f340d4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кампобассо</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Изерния</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кампобассо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кампобассо</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/bazilikata-034aac" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Базиликата</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Матера</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>10,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p>0,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><p><a href="/c/potentsa-476221" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Потенца</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/matera-b85838" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Матера</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Потенца</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Потенца</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/kalabriia-oblast-v-italii-03c5d4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Калабрия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Вибо-Валентия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>15,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>1,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/katandzaro-53a85f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Катандзаро</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Вибо-Валентия</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Катандзаро</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Катандзаро</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Козенца</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/kozentsa-be5280" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Козенца</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кротоне</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кротоне</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Реджо-ди-Калабрия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="6"><p><a href="/c/apuliia-fa5edd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Апулия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Бари</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="6"><p>19,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="6"><p>4,00</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="6"><p>Бари</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Барлетта-Андрия-Трани</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/barletta-e68a8f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Барлетта</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Бриндизи</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/brindizi-78fdf2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Бриндизи</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Лечче</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/lechche-bb65a8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лечче</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Таранто</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/taranto-b17375" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Таранто</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Фоджа</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/fodzha-b34736" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Фоджа</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p><a href="/c/sitsiliia-avtonomnaia-oblast-cf678b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сицилия</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Агридженто</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p>25,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p>5,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="9"><p>Палермо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/agridzhento-1e505a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Агридженто</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кальтаниссетта</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кальтаниссетта</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Катания</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Мессина</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Палермо</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Рагуза</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Рагуза</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Сиракуза</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/sirakuzy-113b4b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сиракузы</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Трапани</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/trapani-ba3936" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Трапани</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Энна</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Энна</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p><a href="/c/sardiniia-avtonomnaia-oblast-52a290" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сардиния</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Кальяри</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>24,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>1,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>Кальяри</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Нуоро</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Нуоро</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ористано</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/oristano-674fb1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ористано</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Сассари</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/sassari-b72c6e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сассари</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Южная Сардиния</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Карбония</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="table-wrap-summary" itemprop="description"><p>* Область Валле д'Аоста выполняет функции провинции и в статистических целях считается провинцией.</p><p>** Гориция, Порденоне, Триест и Удине с 2021 г. лишены статуса провинций, сохранились как территориальные единицы, но административно управляются учреждениями региональной децентрализации.</p></div></div><p>В 2013 г. был рассмотрен проект закона о реорганизации административно-территориального деления Италии. В соответствии с этим проектом Италия должна быть разделена на 36 новых областей, которые подразделяются на территориальные сообщества (comunità territoriali), городские центры (polarita' urbane) и 14 метрополитенских городов – «больших городов», которые по своим территориям практически приравниваются к соответствующим бывшим провинциям. Области по новому административно-территориальному делению следующие: Танаро, Большой Турин, Валле-д’Аоста, Вальсезия / Северный Пьемонт, Большой Милан, Инсубрия, Лигурия, Западная Падания, Гарда, Дельта, Трентино / Доломития, Альто-Адидже, Венето, Фриули / Джулия, Эмилия / Большая Болонья, Романья, Тиррения, Большая Флоренция, Этрурия, Умбрия, Марке, Рим-столица, Чочария, Абруццо, Наполетано, Кампания, Дауния, Апулия, Саленто, Базиликата, Калабрия, Стретто (Пролив), Ионическая Сицилия, Западная Сицилия, Северная Сардиния, Южная Сардиния.</p><p>Италия – член <a href="/c/organizatsiia-ob-edinionnykh-natsii-668aab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ООН</a> (1955), <a href="/c/mezhdunarodnyi-valiutnyi-fond-b80bd5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">МВФ</a> (1947), <a href="/c/mezhdunarodnyi-bank-rekonstruktsii-i-razvitiia-8022d5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">МБРР</a> (1947), <a href="/c/organizatsiia-severoatlanticheskogo-dogovora-7e3d1a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">НАТО</a> (1949), <a href="/c/sovet-evropy-e4e592" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Совета Европы</a> (1949), <a href="/c/evropeiskii-soiuz-d7afc1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ЕС</a> (1993; в 1958–1967 ЕЭС, в 1967–1992 Европейское сообщество), Евратома (1958), <a href="/c/organizatsiia-ekonomicheskogo-sotrudnichestva-i-razvitiia-57379d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ОЭСР</a> (1961), <a href="/c/organizatsiia-po-bezopasnosti-i-sotrudnichestvu-v-evrope-c5e484" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ОБСЕ</a> (1973), <a href="/c/vsemirnaia-torgovaia-organizatsiia-948296" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ВТО</a> (1995) и др.</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/t-galkina-760248" class=""><span itemprop="name">Галкина Тамара Артаковна</span></a></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_gosudarstvennыi_stroi">Государственный строй</h2><h3 id="h3_organы_vlasti">Органы власти</h3><p>Итальянская Республика – <a href="/c/demokraticheskoe-gosudarstvo-78155c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">демократическое</a> <a href="/c/gosudarstvo-1bb82a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">государство</a> с <a href="/c/respublika-cd7e2b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">республиканской</a> формой правления. Основу государственности составляет <a href="/c/konstitutsiia-ital-ianskoi-respubliki-9e6e8d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Конституция Итальянской Республики</a>, принятая Учредительным собранием 22 декабря 1947 г.</p><p>По форме политико-территориального устройства Италия – <a href="/c/unitarnoe-gosudarstvo-69b0cd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">унитарное государство</a>, состоящее из 20 областей. Области делятся на провинции, метрополитенские города и коммуны. Данные территориальные образования являются независимыми единицами, имеют собственный устав. В областях создаются специальные органы – областной совет (осуществляет законодательную власть), джунта (исполнительный орган) и председатель джунты (представитель области).</p><p>По форме правления Италия – парламентарная республика.</p><p><a href="/c/zakonodatel-naia-vlast-6123bf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Законодательную власть</a> осуществляет <a href="/c/parlament-a08543" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">парламент</a> Италии, состоящий из палаты депутатов и палаты Сената, избираемых на срок 5 лет.</p><p>Палата депутатов состоит из 400 <a href="/c/deputat-bd6aec" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">депутатов</a>, избираемых <a href="/c/vseobshchee-izbiratel-noe-pravo-da43c2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">всеобщим</a> и прямым <a href="/c/vybory-c65f58" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">голосованием</a>. Кандидатом в депутаты может стать <a href="/c/izbiratel-528c81" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">избиратель</a>, достигший 25 лет.</p><p>Сенат состоит из 200 сенаторов, избираемых из областей. Каждая область назначает не менее 3 сенаторов, за исключением Молизе (2 сенатора) и Валле д’Аосты (1 сенатор). Распределение мест в Сенате осуществляется пропорционально численности населения области. Кандидатом на должность сенатора может стать избиратель, достигший 40 лет. В состав Сената входят пожизненно бывшие президенты республики, а также 5 лиц, назначенных за выдающиеся достижения в социальной, научной, художественной или литературной сферах.</p><p>Палаты совместно осуществляют <a href="/c/zakonodatel-nyi-protsess-74b4ae" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законодательную функцию</a>, в том числе принимают <a href="/c/zakon-23ecdb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законы</a> об <a href="/c/amnistiia-b59d0e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">амнистии</a>, законы о <a href="/c/ratifikatsiia-db940e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ратификации</a> <a href="/c/mezhdunarodnyi-dogovor-63e9ee" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">международных договоров</a>; объявляют состояние войны и наделяют <a href="/c/pravitel-stvo-802be1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Правительство</a> соответствующими полномочиями. </p><p>Глава государства – <a href="/c/prezident-45abb6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">президент</a>. Он представляет народное единство республики, является командующим Вооружёнными силами и председателем Высшего совета магистратуры. К его полномочиям относятся обнародование законов, принятых парламентом, издание <a href="/c/dekret-f6a988" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">декретов</a>, имеющих силу закона, аккредитация и приём дипломатических представителей, предоставление помилования, награждение знаками отличия. Президент избирается на совместном заседании палат парламента большинством в две трети голосов. Кандидатом на должность может стать <a href="/c/grazhdanin-1c2a89" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гражданин</a>, достигший 50 лет и обладающий гражданскими и политическими правами. Срок полномочий составляет 7 лет.</p><p><a href="/c/ispolnitel-naia-vlast-053810" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Исполнительная власть</a> осуществляется правительством, в которое входят члены <a href="/c/sovet-ministrov-85a5a1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Совета министров</a>, заместители и помощники министров, руководители отдельных правительственных структур. Совет министров состоит из председателя, его заместителей и министров. Председатель Совета министров назначается президентом и предлагает кандидатуры министров. Председатель руководит общей политикой правительства и несёт за это ответственность. Он поддерживает единство политической и административной линии, оказывая содействие и координируя деятельность министров. Министры несут коллегиальную ответственность за действия Совета министров и индивидуальную – за действия возглавляемых ими ведомств.</p><p><a href="/c/sudebnaia-vlast-821d77" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Судебная власть</a><i> </i>образована <a href="/c/konstitutsionnyi-sud-e4b667" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Конституционным судом</a>, судами общей юрисдикции и специализированными судами.</p><p>Конституционный суд осуществляет полномочия по рассмотрению вопросов о конституционности законов, споров о компетенции между ветвями власти, а также между республикой и областями.</p><p>Система судов общей юрисдикции, рассматривающих уголовные и гражданские дела, состоит из Высшего кассационного суда, апелляционных судов, трибуналов общей юрисдикции, мировых судей, судов ассизов.</p><p>Отдельно выделена система административной юстиции – областные административные трибуналы и Государственный совет, осуществляющие функции по защите прав граждан и юридических лиц в отношениях с органами власти. Специализированные суды также созданы в сферах: </p><ul><li><p>налоговой юстиции;</p></li><li><p>военной юстиции;</p></li><li><p>аудиторской юстиции.</p></li></ul><p>В судебную систему также входит Высший совет магистратуры, обеспечивающий независимость и эффективность работы судебных органов.</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/ka-kostina-2d052a" class=""><span itemprop="name">Костина Кристина Алексеевна</span></a></span></section><section><h3 id="h3_politicheskie_partii">Политические партии</h3><p>После окончания <a href="/c/vtoraia-mirovaia-voina-1939-1945-480c9b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Второй мировой войны</a> Италия вновь стала многопартийной <a href="/c/parlamentskaia-respublika-8f6f68" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">парламентской республикой</a>. В 1946–1992 гг. в итальянской политике доминировала <a href="/c/ital-ianskaia-khristiansko-demokraticheskaia-partiia-6ad758" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Христианско-демократическая партия</a> (ХДП).</p><p>Ведущей оппозиционной партией вплоть до 1991 г. была <a href="/c/ital-ianskaia-kommunisticheskaia-partiia-99b100" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Коммунистическая партия</a>, от неё слегка отставала <a href="/c/ital-ianskaia-sotsialisticheskaia-partiia-2b13a5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Социалистическая</a>. Однако, несмотря на высокую популярность коммунистов, их представителей не допускали к участию в работе Совета министров. Ещё одной партией-изгоем, представителей которой также не было в правительстве, было Итальянское социальное движение (Movimento Sociale Italiano), созданное в 1946 г. группой бывших членов фашистской партии Б. Муссолини.</p><p>На протяжении 1970-х гг. Италия переживала серьёзный социально-экономический кризис, сопровождавшийся высокой инфляцией и массовой безработицей. Пытаясь сохранить стабильность политической системы, ХДП в июне 1981 г. решилась на формирование широкой коалиции, включившей также социалистов, республиканцев, социал-демократов и либералов, т. е. все ведущие партии страны, кроме слишком левой Компартии и слишком правого Социального движения. Первое правительство широкой коалиции возглавил лидер республиканцев <a href="/c/spadolini-dzhovanni-724e44" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Дж. Спадолини</a>, став первым в истории Итальянской республики премьером не из числа христианских демократов. Период с 1981 по 1991 гг., когда Италией правила коалиция пяти партий, вошёл в историю под названием «Пентапартито» (итал. Pentapartito).</p><p>В 1980-х гг. на севере Италии начали усиливаться автономистские настроения, приверженцы которых выступали за федерализацию Италии, а наиболее радикальные даже призывали к отделению северных регионов. Появились ряд региональных партий, требовавших автономии Севера. В 1991 г. они объединились в <a href="/c/liga-severa-c78186" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Лигу Севера»</a>, которая уже на первых для себя выборах стала четвёртой партией палаты депутатов.</p><p>Кризис партийно-политической системы в начале 1990-х гг. привёл к установлению в Италии т. н. Второй республики.</p><p>Изменение политического климата, вызванное, в частности, прекращением <a href="/c/kholodnaia-voina-4953ac" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«холодной войны»</a>, привело Компартию к отказу от <a href="/c/marksizm-72bc51" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">марксизма</a> и преобразованию её в Социал-демократическую партию демократических левых сил, позднее в результате объединения с рядом меньших партий преобразованную в партию «Левые демократы». Часть членов Компартии, сохранивших приверженность марксизму, образовали свою организацию – <a href="/c/partiia-kommunisticheskogo-vozrozhdeniia-776db7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Партию коммунистического возрождения</a>. Неофашисты, потеряв свой главный козырь – противостояние коммунизму, стали терять популярность. В январе 1995 г. было объявлено о создании новой, более умеренной правой партии – Национальный альянс, объединившей членов Социального движения и консервативную часть ХДП.</p><p>В январе 1994 г. было объявлено о самороспуске ХДП и создании новой организации, названной Итальянская народная партия. В феврале самораспустилась <a href="/c/ital-ianskaia-liberal-naia-partiia-33facb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Либеральная партия</a>. Социалисты самораспустились в ноябре 1994 г. Социал-демократы, оставшись без представительства в парламенте и пережив ряд расколов, в 1998 г. вместе с несколькими организациями, созданными после распада Социалистической партии, сформировали партию «Итальянские демократические социалисты». Единственной партией из «Пентапартито», сумевшей сохраниться, оказалась <a href="/c/ital-ianskaia-respublikanskaia-partiia-744a68" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Итальянская республиканская партия</a>. В то же время и она, пережив ряд расколов, оказалась на обочине политической жизни.</p><p>Самой крупной и успешной из новых партий стала <a href="/c/vperiod-italiia-politicheskaia-partiia-dbc20d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Вперёд, Италия»</a> <a href="/c/berluskoni-sil-vio-7dff8e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">С. Берлускони</a>. Именно эта партия вместе с союзниками по правоцентристской коалиции «Полюс свобод» одержала победу на выборах 1994 г., завоевав почти две трети мест в палате депутатов.</p><p>В стране сформировалась новая партийная система, в которой борьбу между собой вели многочисленные, в основном недолго существовавшие партии, обычно объединявшиеся в правоцентристский блок («Полюс свобод» в 1994–2000 и «Дом свобод» в 2001–2008) во главе с медиамагнатом С. Берлускони и противостоявшую ему левоцентристскую коалицию («Оливковое дерево» с 1995 по 2007) во главе с экономистом <a href="/c/prodi-romano-fc0f0f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Р. Проди</a> (1995–1998, 2004–2007), Массимо д’Алема (1998–2000), Франческо Рутелли (2000–2004).</p><p>На всеобщих выборах 2013 г. партийная фрагментация лишь увеличилась. За победу боролись сразу 4 претендента: левоцентристская коалиция «Италия. Общее благо» во главе с Демократической партией, правоцентристский альянс во главе с новой партией Берлускони – «Народ свободы», протестное <a href="/c/dvizhenie-piati-zviozd-db85c1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Движение пяти звёзд»</a> (ДПЗ) комика и актёра Б. Грилло и новый центристский блок <a href="/c/monti-mario-af16a1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">М. Монти</a> «С Монти за Италию» во главе с партией «Гражданский выбор». В ноябре 2013 г. партия «Народ свободы» была распущена, а вместо неё воссоздана «Вперёд, Италия».</p><p>По итогам выборов 2018 г. ни одна из политических сил не смогла взять абсолютное большинство в парламенте страны. Наибольшее количество голосов получила правоцентристская коалиция во главе с партией «Лига Севера» <a href="/c/sal-vini-matteo-f7b7d5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">М. Сальвини</a>, второе место взяла партия ДПЗ во главе с <a href="/c/di-maio-luidzhi-f02a40" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Л. Ди Майо</a>. Они сформировали коалиционный кабинет, который возглавил независимый политик <a href="/c/konte-dzhuzeppe-0f88db" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Дж. Конте</a>.</p><p>Конституционная реформа, предложенная в 2019 г. и утверждённая референдумом 2020 г., сократила количество депутатов до 400 в парламенте и 200 в сенате (с 630 и 315 соответственно); кроме того, с 2021 г. в активный электорат обеих палат вошли все совершеннолетние граждане (был отменён порог в 25 лет для участия в голосовании за сенаторов).</p><p>По итогам выборов в <a href="/c/evropeiskii-parlament-a2dc9a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Европейский парламент</a> 2019 г. «Лига Севера» смогла получить 34 % мест от Италии, став фактически влиятельнейшей партией в стране. В результате «Лига Севера» объявила о вотуме недоверия правительству с целью организации экстренных перевыборов в попытке занять абсолютное большинство мест в парламенте. Это запустило череду парламентских кризисов, в результате которых правительство Конте дважды (в 2019 и 2021) подавало в отставку.</p><p>После долгих попыток переговоров о третьем правительстве Конте было объявлено о создании коалиции Национального Единства, куда вошли все партии, за исключением партии <a href="/c/brat-ia-italii-ac38cd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Братья Италии»</a>, и главой которой был избран <a href="/c/dragi-mario-e6ec03" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">М. Драги</a>.</p><p>Кризис на этом не разрешился: суд оспорил правомерность избрания Конте лидером ДПЗ, партия фактически раскололась, а затем объявила о выходе из коалиции. На фоне четвёртого за год кризиса «Лига Севера» также покинула коалицию, что привело к отставке правительства и роспуску парламента 21 июля 2022 г.</p><p>27 июля была учреждена правая коалиция, состоящая из различных правых, ультраправых («Вперёд, Италия», «Лига Севера», «Братья Италии») и правоцентристских (Союз Центра, «Поднимите настроение Италии», «Мы умеренные») сил. Коалиция активно выступала за плоскую шкалу подоходного налога, конституционные реформы (превращения страны в президентскую республику), сокращение социальных пособий, максимально избегая детализации, а «Братья Италии» делали акцент на традиционных ценностях и отрицании фашистских корней своей партии.</p><p>25 сентября 2022 г. состоялись внеочередные выборы в национальный парламент Италии 19-го созыва.</p><p>В результате правоцентристская коалиция на базе ультраправой партии «Братья Италии» во главе с Дж. Мелони набрала около 44 % голосов, получив абсолютное большинство в обеих палатах, и 22 октября 2022 г. правительство под руководством Мелони официально приступило к работе.</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/a-snigirov-c57775" class=""><span itemprop="name">Снигиров Алексей Леонидович</span></a></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_sredstva_massovoi_informatsii">Средства массовой информации</h2><p>Ведущие периодические издания: La Repubblica, <a href="/c/il-messaggero-6c9104" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Il Messaggero</a>, Corriere della Sera, <a href="/c/la-stampa-75adf4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">La Stampa</a>, <a href="/c/il-sole-24-ore-9605a2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Il Sole 24 Ore</a>. Радиовещание с 1924 г., телевещание с 1954 г. Трансляцию теле- и радиопередач осуществляет корпорация Radiotelevisione Italiana. Частное телевидение представлено каналами <a href="/c/canale-5-9ba68c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Canale 5</a>, <a href="/c/italia-1-85087d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Italia 1</a> и <a href="/c/rete-4-930f4c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Rete 4</a> (принадлежат концерну Mediaset). Национальное информационное агентство – <a href="https://www.ansa.it/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-external="true" itemprop="url">Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata</a>. Доступ к Интернету имеет <a href="https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats4.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-external="true" itemprop="url">90,8 %</a> населения страны (2022).</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция международных отношений</span></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_dostoprimechatel'nosti">Достопримечательности</h2><h3 id="h3_prirodnыe_dostoprimechatel'nosti">Природные достопримечательности</h3><p>Природные достопримечательности Италии: ледниково-тектонические озёра <a href="/c/komo-ozero-63ee88" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Комо</a>, <a href="/c/garda-233624" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гарда</a>, <a href="/c/lago-madzhore-72779d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лаго-Маджоре</a>, горный массив <a href="/c/dolomitovye-al-py-7df7c3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Доломитовые Альпы</a> (включён в список <a href="/c/vsemirnoe-nasledie-a94941" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Всемирного наследия</a>), пляжи о. Сицилия, о-ва Тремити в <a href="/c/adriaticheskoe-more-de4b0f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Адриатическом море</a>, <a href="/c/liparskie-ostrova-94b5d4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Липарские острова</a> в <a href="/c/tirrenskoe-more-7c1157" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тирренском море</a> (включены в список Всемирного наследия), многочисленные <a href="/c/peshchera-e58086" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">пещеры</a> (Фразасси в 50 км к юго-западу от г. Анкона, <a href="/c/goluboi-grot-58675b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Голубой грот</a> на о. Капри, грот Нептуна на о. Сардиния и др.), земляные пирамиды Ренона близ г. Больцано и др.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция географии</span></span></section><section><h3 id="h3_kul'turnыe_dostoprimechatel'nosti">Культурные достопримечательности</h3><p>К древнейшим памятникам искусства на территории современной Италии относятся наскальные изображения <a href="/c/pozdnii-paleolit-cfcd79" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">позднего палеолита</a> и <a href="/c/mezolit-f14456" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мезолита</a>, в том числе изображения лошадей в пещере Кавильоне (входит в группу пещер <a href="/c/grimal-di-peshchernye-stoianki-20d0fd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гримальди</a>, область Лигурия) и гроте Пагличчи (также есть отпечатки человеческих ладоней; область Апулия), животных и человеческих фигур – в пещере Кала-дель-Дженовезе (о. Леванцо) и др. <a href="/c/petroglify-1711e1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Петроглифы</a> <a href="/c/valkamonika-5ee9ff" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Валкамоники</a> [от мезолита (<a href="/c/epipaleolit-06cadd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эпипалеолита</a>) до раннего <a href="/c/zheleznyi-vek-8b36d3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">железного века</a>; область Ломбардия] включены в список Всемирного наследия. К северу от Валкамоники находится парк наскальных изображений в Грозьо и Грозотто, среди других памятников наскального искусства – петроглифы на территории Национального парка Валь-Гранде (область Пьемонт).</p><p>В числе памятников <a href="/c/neolit-4f766c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">неолита</a> – раннего железного века, включённых в список Всемирного наследия: остатки 19 поселений со <a href="/c/svainye-postroiki-v-arkheologii-i-etnografii-fca96c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">свайными постройками</a> в озёрах и на болотистых участках в Альпах (входят в объект <a href="https://www.palafittes.org/homepage.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-external="true" itemprop="url">«Доисторические свайные поселения в Альпах»</a> вместе с аналогичными памятниками на территории Австрии, Германии, Словении, Франции и Швейцарии), скальный <a href="/c/mogil-nik-v-arkheologii-32e8c9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">некрополь</a> Панталика близ г. Сиракузы (о. Сицилия), один из наиболее полно сохранившихся <a href="/c/nuragi-6568c4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">нурагов</a> в г. Барумини (о. Сардиния).</p><p>На Сардинии известны остатки тысяч нурагов, с культурой которых также связаны <a href="/c/megalit-a5812b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мегалитические</a> «гробницы гигантов». <a href="/c/dol-men-fa912f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Дольмены</a>, <a href="/c/mengir-cd6cbc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">менгиры</a> и другие мегалитические сооружения широко распространены на территории Италии (в том числе в г. Аоста). Среди свидетельств <a href="/c/antichnye-kolonii-e0315f#h2_drevnevostochnaya_kolonizatsiya" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" navigation_value="h2_drevnevostochnaya_kolonizatsiya" data-external="false">финикийской колонизации</a> и распространения культуры <a href="/c/puniitsy-1f7957" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">пунийцев</a> в регионе – остатки поселения (в том числе общественных построек и святилищ) на о. Сан-Панталео (близ западного берега Сицилии) и древнего г. Лилибей (на территории современного г. Марсала на Сицилии).</p><p>К важнейшим культурно-историческим памятникам Италии относятся изученные археологически, а также сохранившиеся ансамбли и отдельные сооружения <a href="/c/etruski-d292d3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">этрусских</a> и <a href="/c/drevnii-rim-64a627" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">римских</a> городов и некрополей, римских <a href="/c/villa-891985" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">вилл</a>, оборонительных и инженерных построек, городских коммуникаций, сети региональных дорог (в том числе <a href="/c/appieva-doroga-abcd9a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Аппиева дорога</a>, <a href="/c/flaminieva-doroga-abd116" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Фламиниева дорога</a>, <a href="/c/emilieva-doroga-6b8b84" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эмилиева дорога</a>) и др. Среди относящихся к этрускам – открытые благодаря <a href="/c/arkheologicheskie-raskopki-0680f5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">раскопкам</a> древние города <a href="/c/vul-chi-05f133" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Вульчи</a>, <a href="/c/pirgi-09c891" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пирги</a>, <a href="/c/tarkvinii-drevnii-gorod-a927b2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тарквинии</a>, <a href="/c/tsere-9187ee" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Цере</a>, комплексы в современных городах Орвието (отождествляется с <a href="/c/vol-sinii-37958c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Вольсиниями</a>), Болонья (в Мардзаботто) и др. Элементы этрусской <a href="/c/fortifikatsiia-323ef7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">фортификации</a> сохранились в современных городах Вольтерра и Перуджа. Некрополи древних городов Тарквинии и Цере включены в список Всемирного наследия.</p><p>Римское наследие составляет историческое ядро многих современных итальянских городов (Рим, Верона, Неаполь и др.). Среди сохранившихся в виде руин и известных по археологическим исследованиям – включённые в список Всемирного наследия древние города <a href="/c/veliia-7a8f8a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Велия</a> и <a href="/c/pestum-c4f609" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пестум</a> (выросшие из <a href="/c/antichnye-kolonii-e0315f#h2_grecheskaya_kolonizatsiya" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" navigation_value="h2_grecheskaya_kolonizatsiya" data-external="false">греческих колоний</a>), <a href="/c/pompei-c35d1a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Помпеи</a>, <a href="/c/gerkulanum-a74e0e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Геркуланум</a> и Оплонтис (все три погибли при извержении вулкана <a href="/c/vezuvii-24e6fd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Везувий</a> в 79), монументальный дворцово-парковый ансамбль <a href="/c/villa-adriana-6d87d9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Вилла Адриана</a> (близ г. Тиволи), Вилла Романа-дель-Касале (близ г. Пьяцца-Армерина; выделяется роскошной отделкой, в том числе одним из крупнейших комплексов напольных <a href="/c/mozaika-cfb925" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мозаик</a>). Также в список Всемирного наследия включены колоссальный <a href="/c/doricheskii-order-933df6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">дорический</a> храм <a href="/c/zevs-26cf60" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Зевса</a> и другие <a href="/c/antichnost-78fdd9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">античные</a> сооружения близ современного г. Агридженто.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция археологии</span></span></section><section><p>Архитектурные ансамбли многих исторических городов Италии начали формироваться в античную эпоху. В Риме, Вероне, Сиракузах и других, в том числе меньших по размеру, населённых пунктах античные памятники соседствуют с застройкой Средних веков и Нового времени.</p><p>Важнейшие постройки <a href="/c/rannekhristianskoe-iskusstvo-d9d28b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">раннехристианской</a> и раннесредневековой эпох находятся в Равенне, Аквилее и государственных центрах <a href="/c/langobardy-bfe968" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">лангобардов</a> (<a href="/c/paviia-c67e70" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Павия</a>, <a href="/c/spoleto-1b6bcc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сполето</a>, <a href="/c/benevento-12b40d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Беневенто</a> и др.). Наглядные примеры <a href="/c/romanskii-stil-c51653" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">романских</a> соборных площадей Центральной и Северной Италии – ансамбли Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь Чудес) в Пизе и Пьяцца Гранде в <a href="/c/modena-706806" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Модене</a> (оба – 11–14 вв.). Наиболее полно средневековые типы зданий представлены в Сиене, <a href="/c/san-dzhimin-iano-a49d46" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сан-Джиминьяно</a> и Болонье. Архитектура <a href="/c/sitsiliiskoe-korolevstvo-4ddd29" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сицилийского королевства</a> в этот период формировалась под влиянием <a href="/c/vizantiia-3204b8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Византии</a> и арабских государств, что сильнее всего отразилось в арабо-норманнских постройках Палермо, <a href="/c/chefalu-47e0aa" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Чефалу</a> и <a href="/c/monreale-6fa377" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Монреале</a>. Среди важнейших памятников архитектуры Южной Италии – замок <a href="/c/kastel-del-monte-e21100" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кастель-дель-Монте</a> (около 1240–1250) в Апулии и<i> </i><a href="/c/gotika-8c667a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">готические</a> церкви Неаполя.</p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь чудес), Пиза (Италия)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь Чудес), Пиза (Италия)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Giovanni Novara, flickr.com. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=HW99Kb_iDUaPrx1HTl72-g&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь чудес), Пиза (Италия)" data-nuxt-img sizes="1024px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=HW99Kb_iDUaPrx1HTl72-g&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=zeCaaJyni48leIBtdY3fPA&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=mm-Or4tD1Ypvh1_bx3C9rA&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=DlrcJ_s3KbdkGc_OTnTuYQ&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kMySrFODVZTjnqvZvSQfjQ&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=t2HCqymUTDST43IQqQpciw&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=aCr5oOniFDjmcD7Gi7RPlg&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=vJqAhEaif_9Nvdp9Zg9irw&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rlcqhggA0yhAX5CZPdFcVQ&filename=vault/75cb370833d875a80609c75158f83331.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь чудес), Пиза (Италия)" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь Чудес), Пиза (Италия).</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Пьяцца деи-Мираколи (Площадь Чудес), Пиза (Италия).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>В 13–14 вв. распространилась архитектура <a href="/c/nishchenstvuiushchie-ordena-77bc37" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">нищенствующих орденов</a> (прежде всего <a href="/c/frantsiskantsy-8cc6ca" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">францисканцев</a> и <a href="/c/dominikantsy-monasheskii-orden-2c1fb5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">доминиканцев</a>), ключевым памятником которой стала <a href="/c/bazilika-sviatogo-frantsiska-v-assizi-b31721" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">базилика Святого Франциска</a> в Ассизи (1228–1253). Стенописи в этой церкви (2-я половина 13 в.), а также фрески 14 в. в Падуе (включая росписи <a href="/c/dzhotto-6a6e07" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Джотто</a> в <a href="/c/kapella-del-i-skroven-i-354723" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Капелле дельи-Скровеньи</a>, 1303–1306) – наиболее значимые живописные циклы эпохи <a href="/c/protorenessans-6aa1a0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Проторенессанса</a>. </p><p>На эпоху Позднего Средневековья и Раннего Нового времени пришёлся расцвет Флоренции и Венеции – крупнейших итальянских художественных центров, сопоставимых по важности с Римом. Среди наивысших достижений искусства <a href="/c/vozrozhdenie-e215d6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Возрождения</a> – памятники архитектуры и изобразительного искусства в этих городах, а также в Риме (с <a href="/c/vatikan-70e253" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ватиканом</a>) и Милане, например ансамбль миланского монастыря <a href="/c/santa-mariia-delle-gratsie-094351" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Санта-Мария-делле-Грацие</a> с монументальной композицией <a href="/c/leonardo-da-vinchi-8e8ad1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Леонардо да Винчи</a> <a href="/c/tainaia-vecheria-leonardo-da-vinchi-312187" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Тайная вечеря»</a> в <a href="/c/trapeznaia-fabe6b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">трапезной</a>. Большой вклад в развитие ренессансной культуры принадлежит центрам небольших герцогств – городам Урбино, Мантуя и Феррара. Принципы рационального городского планирования эпохи Возрождения отразились в застройке центральной площади г. <a href="/c/pientsa-562dc2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пиенца</a> (1459–1462, архитектор <a href="/c/rossellino-bernardo-392980" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Б. Росселлино</a>), перестройке Феррары при герцоге Эрколе I из рода <a href="/c/este-rod-f362e6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эсте</a> (т. н. Расширение Эрколе, 1492 – начало 16 в., архитектор <a href="/c/rossetti-b-iadzho-77e6ec" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Б. Россетти</a>), <a href="/c/ideal-nyi-gorod-d8016d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">идеально спланированных городах</a> Пальманова (по проекту архитектора <a href="/c/skamotstsi-vinchentso-2db13a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">В. Скамоцци</a>, 1593; в составе объекта <a href="/c/vsemirnoe-nasledie-a94941" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Всемирного наследия</a> «Венецианские оборонительные сооружения 16–17 вв.») и Саббьонета (основана в 1556; в составе объекта Всемирного наследия «Мантуя и Саббьонета»), ансамбле улицы Страда Нуова с дворцами Палацци деи-Ролли в Генуе (1550–1558, по проекту архитектора <a href="/c/alessi-galeatstso-ce4685" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Г. Алесси</a>). К эпохе Возрождения также восходит первый в мире ботанический сад, основанный в 1545 г. при <a href="/c/paduanskii-universitet-1dbff3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Падуанском университете</a> для выращивания лекарственных растений. Среди уникальных примеров гармоничного соединения природного ландшафта и архитектуры католицизма – ансамбли Сакри-Монти (Святые горы) в Пьемонте и Ломбардии, символически воспроизводящие крестный путь Христа.</p><p>С античной эпохи в Италии развита культура летних загородных резиденций – <a href="/c/villa-891985" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">вилл</a>. В эпоху Возрождения возведены виллы: династии <a href="/c/medichi-1733f5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Медичи</a> в Тоскане (15–17 вв.), династии Эсте в дельте реки <a href="/c/po-reka-49603c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">По</a> (14–16 вв.) и в <a href="/c/villa-deste-33c3f0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тиволи</a><i> </i>(16 в., архитектор <a href="/c/ligorio-pirro-545429" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">П. Лигорио</a>), аристократических семейств Венецианской республики в окрестностях <a href="/c/vichentsa-fcc08e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Виченцы</a> и <a href="/c/trevizo-145b9e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тревизо</a> (16 в., архитектор <a href="/c/palladio-andrea-78412f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">А. Палладио</a>).</p><p>Новый расцвет искусств в Италии пришёлся на эпоху <a href="/c/barokko-v-iskusstve-i-arkhitekture-740b6a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">барокко</a>: возводились многочисленные церкви и монастыри (например, <a href="/c/kartuziantsy-5114c8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">картузианский</a> монастырь Чертоза-ди-Падула, 1583–1779; в составе объекта Всемирного наследия «Культурный ландшафт района Чиленто, национальный парк Валло-ди-Диано, археологические памятники Пестума и Элеи, монастырь Чертоза-ди-Падула»), ансамбли площадей, частные дворцы и резиденции правителей, например дворцы <a href="/c/savoiskaia-dinastiia-6b1c1c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Савойского дома</a> в Турине и его окрестностях (17–18 вв.) и Королевский дворец в <a href="/c/kazerta-a52860" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Казерте</a> (с парком, <a href="/c/akveduk-55eb7e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">акведуком</a> и фабричным посёлком Сан-Леучо; 2-я половина 18 в., архитектор <a href="/c/vanvitelli-luidzhi-59bbdb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Л. Ванвителли</a>). После землетрясения 1693 г. на о. Сицилия многие города в Валь-ди-Ното (долине вокруг г. Ното) были перестроены в стиле барокко.</p><p>Среди памятников индустриальной истории Италии – фабричный посёлок <a href="/c/krespi-dadda-69172e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Креспи-д'Адда</a> (основан в 1878), а также комплекс фабричных зданий и социальная инфраструктура, построенные для компании Olivetti в г. <a href="/c/ivrea-4e9b96" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ивреа</a> (преимущественно середина – 2-я половина 20 в.); оба ансамбля создавались с учётом передовых для своего времени градостроительных и архитектурных идей.</p><p>Один из центров курортной культуры Нового и Новейшего времени – г. Монтекатини-Терме (провинция Пистоя, Тоскана; в составе объекта Всемирного наследия «Великие курортные города Европы»).</p><p>Значительную часть культурного наследия Италии составляют аграрные ландшафты с многовековой историей: виноградники Ланге-Роэро и Монферрато (Пьемонт), холмы Просекко в Конельяно и Вальдоббьядене (Тревизо), культурные ландшафты Валь-д'Орча (Тоскана), Чинкве-Терре (Специя), Чиленто (Кампания). В Тирано (провинция Сондрио, Ломбардия) берёт начало Ретийская железная дорога, пролегающая большей частью на территории Швейцарии в культурных ландшафтах Альбулы и Бернины (первый участок открыт в 1889).</p><p>Италия также изобилует небольшими живописными поселениями, такими как приморские города <a href="/c/amal-fi-21807e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Амальфи</a>, Равелло и др. на Амальфитанском побережье, г. Портовенере с островами Пальмария, Тино и Тинетто на Лигурийском побережье. Уникальны типы традиционных жилищ в <a href="/c/al-berobello-5ea2f7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Альберобелло</a> (<a href="/c/trully-590ad3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">труллы</a>) и <a href="/c/matera-b85838" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Матере</a> (скальные дома – сасси, а также пещерные церкви, кельи, мастерские и др.).</p><p>Все перечисленные в разделе сооружения и территории включены в список Всемирного наследия. На территории Италии сосредоточено наибольшее число объектов Всемирного наследия – 59 (2023).</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция искусства и архитектуры</span></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_rekomenduemыe_stat'i">Рекомендуемые статьи</h2><p><a href="/c/italiia-priroda-a317f0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Природа Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-naselenie-481d38" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Население Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-istoriia-897f30" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">История Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-khoziaistvo-e9bf20" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Хозяйство Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-vooruzhionnye-sily-001c48" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Вооружённые силы Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-sotsial-naia-sfera-4074f1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Социальная сфера в Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-izobrazitel-noe-i-dekorativno-prikladnoe-iskusstvo-arkhitektura-ot-drevnosti-do-6aa55e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Изобразительное и декоративно-прикладное искусство, архитектура Италии от древности до 18 в.</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-izobrazitel-noe-i-dekorativno-prikladnoe-iskusstvo-arkhitektura-19-21-vv-a7977a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Изобразительное и декоративно-прикладное искусство, архитектура Италии 19–21 вв.</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-muzykal-naia-kul-tura-43f3d6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Музыкальная культура Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-balet-6ec568" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Балетное искусство Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-teatral-noe-iskusstvo-122b51" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Театральная культура Италии</a></p><p><a href="/c/italiia-kinematograf-6a60ce" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кинематограф Италии</a></p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция зарубежных стран, регионов и городов</span></span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Ита́лия, государство на юге Европы. Площадь 302,1 тыс. км2 (2021). Численность населения 59,2 млн человек (2021). Столица – Рим. Официальный язык –..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">21 декабря 2023 г. в 21:21 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">25 декабря 2023 г. в 13:28 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc>Связаться с редакцией</span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/strany-zarubezhnoi-evropy-834e84" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Страны зарубежной Европы</a></span></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><nav class="bre-article-loc lg:tw-sticky"><div class="bre-article-loc-button"><span class="bre-article-loc-title">Содержание</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="bre-article-loc-short">Общие сведения</div></div></nav><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Италия. Государственный флаг"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Италия. Государственный флаг."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=auCB1mo9gnZTArWtF0xQHg&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Италия. Государственный флаг" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=auCB1mo9gnZTArWtF0xQHg&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=C9D8FK-lhAcGxwmMvgyl7A&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Y_-L6XP2C1J2zXoRuvh63g&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tJvYjKkcGz_QLGYj3Eq9YA&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=POh89CWcFYNYu_uwNgB1ZA&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Lb7f1Kc7SWTS4yOnzOGamQ&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kz_7GNmE41dMo0oyz8cMiw&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=x51IRKHq7her6fTBicGaDw&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=R6ucaphP1y3TLj6X7g3DrQ&filename=vault/b71f8f3762d26d0152b301806fd609ef.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Италия. Государственный флаг" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Страноведение. Италия</dd><dt>Другие наименования:</dt><dd>Итальянская Республика</dd><dt>Современное государство:</dt><dd>Италия</dd><dt>Материк (часть света):</dt><dd>Европа</dd><dt>Участие в международных организациях:</dt><dd>ООН, МВФ, МБРР, НАТО, Совет Европы, ЕС, ОЭСР (Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития), ОБСЕ, ВТО</dd><dt>Общая протяженность сухопутных границ:</dt><dd>1875,4 км</dd><dt>Общая протяженность береговой линии:</dt><dd>7375 км</dd><dt>Численность населения:</dt><dd>59,2 млн чел.</dd><dt>Площадь территории:</dt><dd>302,1 тыс. км²</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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Все права защищены.</span></span></li><li class="-hide-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li><li class="-show-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></footer><span></span></div></div></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":3,"once":4,"_errors":5,"serverRendered":6,"path":7,"pinia":8},{},{"$sreferer":-1},["Set"],{},true,"/c/italiia-02fc0e",{"preview":9,"auth-token":11,"search":14,"page-loading":19,"search-suggestions":20,"filters":23,"component-header":25,"collection":26,"article":27,"article-media-slider":5858,"modal":5902,"article-notes":5903,"article-loc":5904,"article-sidebar":5905,"author":5906,"article-metrics":5907,"collection-articles-favorite":5908,"article-collections":5909,"article-versions":5910,"error-form":5922,"text-selection":5923},{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6},null,{"post_":10,"postError":10,"postPending":6,"savedRoutePath":10,"isAuthorized":12,"firstNameLetter":13,"fullName":13,"userId":13,"processingRefresh":12,"showAuthModal":10},false,"",{"searchQuery":13,"savedList":15,"limit":16,"offset":17,"loading":12,"isSearchOpened":12,"page":18},[],10,0,1,{"loading":12},{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6,"headerSearchQuery":13,"pageSearchQuery":13,"selectedSuggestionIndex":21,"focusOn":22},-1,"header",{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6,"loading":12,"isExtendedSearchOpened":12,"chosenFilters":24},{},{"showCategories":12,"isFixed":12},{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6,"put_":-1,"putError":10,"putPending":6,"delete_":-1,"deleteError":10,"deletePending":6},{"get_":28,"getError":10,"getPending":12,"headers":5846,"timeline":5856,"isFullScreen":12,"getCache":5857},{"article":29,"components":5840},{"content":30,"createdAt":5818,"id":166,"lastVersionId":5819,"meta":5820,"sections":10,"slug":5833,"tags":5834,"updatedAt":5839},{"article":31,"biblioRecord":5761,"category":5762,"categorySlug":5763,"sidebar":5764,"title":5787},[32],{"content":33,"type":3651},[34,3652,4015,4350,4448,4566,5004,5614],{"attrs":35,"content":37,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3651},{"section_id":36},"cfc6c1b8-6c33-452d-b018-d4efeb38d04d",[38,52,74,81,160,169,273,361,508,3545,3550,3643],{"attrs":39,"content":40,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[41,49],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":42,"text":47,"type":48},[43],{"attrs":44,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":46},{"version":45},"1","bold","Ита́лия ","text",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":50,"type":48},"(Italia), Итальянская Республика (Repubblica Italiana).","paragraph",{"attrs":53,"content":60,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":73},{"display":54,"ratio":13,"ref_id":55,"service":56,"style":57,"title":58,"width":59},"block","286c71ac-d694-4c09-b82f-3ebecaed7cd3","breaudio","width:100%","Италия. 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Срок полномочий составляет 7 лет.",{"attrs":3909,"content":3910,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3911,3919,3921,3929],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":3912,"text":3918,"type":48},[3913],{"attrs":3914,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":3915,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":3916,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"05381016-a335-44c1-8f4a-ab66928fcb24",{"slug":3917,"type":95},"ispolnitel-naia-vlast-053810","Исполнительная власть",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3920,"type":48}," осуществляется правительством, в которое входят члены ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":3922,"text":3928,"type":48},[3923],{"attrs":3924,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":3925,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":3926,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"85a5a190-181d-4e5e-9149-56caef562edb",{"slug":3927,"type":95},"sovet-ministrov-85a5a1","Совета министров",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3930,"type":48},", заместители и помощники министров, руководители отдельных правительственных структур. Совет министров состоит из председателя, его заместителей и министров. Председатель Совета министров назначается президентом и предлагает кандидатуры министров. Председатель руководит общей политикой правительства и несёт за это ответственность. Он поддерживает единство политической и административной линии, оказывая содействие и координируя деятельность министров. Министры несут коллегиальную ответственность за действия Совета министров и индивидуальную – за действия возглавляемых ими ведомств.",{"attrs":3932,"content":3933,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3934,3942,3947,3949,3957],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":3935,"text":3941,"type":48},[3936],{"attrs":3937,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":3938,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":3939,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"821d77e1-22cc-4768-9aa4-5d24c928c22a",{"slug":3940,"type":95},"sudebnaia-vlast-821d77","Судебная власть",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":3943,"text":3683,"type":48},[3944],{"attrs":3945,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3946},{"version":45},"italic",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3948,"type":48},"образована ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":3950,"text":3956,"type":48},[3951],{"attrs":3952,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":3953,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":3954,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"e4b66798-ec31-42e6-9d41-9723bf5e6632",{"slug":3955,"type":95},"konstitutsionnyi-sud-e4b667","Конституционным судом",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3958,"type":48},", судами общей юрисдикции и специализированными судами.",{"attrs":3960,"content":3961,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3962],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3963,"type":48},"Конституционный суд осуществляет полномочия по рассмотрению вопросов о конституционности законов, споров о компетенции между ветвями власти, а также между республикой и областями.",{"attrs":3965,"content":3966,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3967],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3968,"type":48},"Система судов общей юрисдикции, рассматривающих уголовные и гражданские дела, состоит из Высшего кассационного суда, апелляционных судов, трибуналов общей юрисдикции, мировых судей, судов ассизов.",{"attrs":3970,"content":3971,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3972],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3973,"type":48},"Отдельно выделена система административной юстиции – областные административные трибуналы и Государственный совет, осуществляющие функции по защите прав граждан и юридических лиц в отношениях с органами власти. Специализированные суды также созданы в сферах: ",{"attrs":3975,"content":3976,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":4003},{"version":45},[3977,3987,3995],{"attrs":3978,"content":3980,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3986},{"lvl":3979},"H1",[3981],{"attrs":3982,"content":3983,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3984],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3985,"type":48},"налоговой юстиции;","list_item",{"attrs":3988,"content":3989,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3986},{"lvl":3979},[3990],{"attrs":3991,"content":3992,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[3993],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":3994,"type":48},"военной юстиции;",{"attrs":3996,"content":3997,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3986},{"lvl":3979},[3998],{"attrs":3999,"content":4000,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4001],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4002,"type":48},"аудиторской юстиции.","bullet_list",{"attrs":4005,"content":4006,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4007],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4008,"type":48},"В судебную систему также входит Высший совет магистратуры, обеспечивающий независимость и эффективность работы судебных органов.",{"attrs":4010,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3650},{"list":4011},[4012],{"slug":4013,"type":3648,"value":4014},"ka-kostina-2d052a","Костина Кристина Алексеевна",{"attrs":4016,"content":4018,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3651},{"section_id":4017},"dc60119e-7ff2-48c2-8ce1-fdfe92a1bb6a",[4019,4025,4061,4086,4101,4116,4121,4156,4181,4205,4220,4245,4280,4285,4300,4324,4329,4334,4339,4344],{"attrs":4020,"content":4022,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3668},{"textAlign":10,"version":45,"id":4021},"h3_politicheskie_partii",[4023],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4024,"type":48},"Политические партии",{"attrs":4026,"content":4027,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4028,4030,4039,4041,4049,4051,4059],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4029,"type":48},"После окончания ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4031,"text":4038,"type":48},[4032],{"attrs":4033,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4034,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4035,"link_type":4037,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"480c9bf1-0d8c-45ca-b470-b2b1923c87ce",{"slug":4036,"type":95},"vtoraia-mirovaia-voina-1939-1945-480c9b","62","Второй мировой войны",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4040,"type":48}," Италия вновь стала многопартийной ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4042,"text":4048,"type":48},[4043],{"attrs":4044,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4045,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4046,"link_type":45,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"8f6f6869-15c9-43e8-b074-e4f781494636",{"slug":4047,"type":95},"parlamentskaia-respublika-8f6f68","парламентской республикой",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4050,"type":48},". В 1946–1992 гг. в итальянской политике доминировала ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4052,"text":4058,"type":48},[4053],{"attrs":4054,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4055,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4056,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"6ad7580d-5d2d-4d2a-bf28-674998c5d468",{"slug":4057,"type":95},"ital-ianskaia-khristiansko-demokraticheskaia-partiia-6ad758","Христианско-демократическая партия",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4060,"type":48}," (ХДП).",{"attrs":4062,"content":4063,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4064,4066,4074,4076,4084],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4065,"type":48},"Ведущей оппозиционной партией вплоть до 1991 г. была ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4067,"text":4073,"type":48},[4068],{"attrs":4069,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4070,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4071,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"99b10042-540f-4c78-b135-d291502ba5fe",{"slug":4072,"type":95},"ital-ianskaia-kommunisticheskaia-partiia-99b100","Коммунистическая партия",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4075,"type":48},", от неё слегка отставала ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4077,"text":4083,"type":48},[4078],{"attrs":4079,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4080,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4081,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"2b13a5c8-1c63-4a65-80c4-e6f2410f7e0c",{"slug":4082,"type":95},"ital-ianskaia-sotsialisticheskaia-partiia-2b13a5","Социалистическая",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4085,"type":48},". Однако, несмотря на высокую популярность коммунистов, их представителей не допускали к участию в работе Совета министров. Ещё одной партией-изгоем, представителей которой также не было в правительстве, было Итальянское социальное движение (Movimento Sociale Italiano), созданное в 1946 г. группой бывших членов фашистской партии Б. Муссолини.",{"attrs":4087,"content":4088,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4089,4091,4099],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4090,"type":48},"На протяжении 1970-х гг. Италия переживала серьёзный социально-экономический кризис, сопровождавшийся высокой инфляцией и массовой безработицей. Пытаясь сохранить стабильность политической системы, ХДП в июне 1981 г. решилась на формирование широкой коалиции, включившей также социалистов, республиканцев, социал-демократов и либералов, т. е. все ведущие партии страны, кроме слишком левой Компартии и слишком правого Социального движения. Первое правительство широкой коалиции возглавил лидер республиканцев ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4092,"text":4098,"type":48},[4093],{"attrs":4094,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4095,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4096,"link_type":232,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"724e442b-2deb-4d0c-80fb-5376d63c4268",{"slug":4097,"type":95},"spadolini-dzhovanni-724e44","Дж. Спадолини",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4100,"type":48},", став первым в истории Итальянской республики премьером не из числа христианских демократов. Период с 1981 по 1991 гг., когда Италией правила коалиция пяти партий, вошёл в историю под названием «Пентапартито» (итал. Pentapartito).",{"attrs":4102,"content":4103,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4104,4106,4114],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4105,"type":48},"В 1980-х гг. на севере Италии начали усиливаться автономистские настроения, приверженцы которых выступали за федерализацию Италии, а наиболее радикальные даже призывали к отделению северных регионов. Появились ряд региональных партий, требовавших автономии Севера. В 1991 г. они объединились в ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4107,"text":4113,"type":48},[4108],{"attrs":4109,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4110,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4111,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"c78186cf-1ba7-4ff7-8805-39864bd9b5d8",{"slug":4112,"type":95},"liga-severa-c78186","«Лигу Севера»",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4115,"type":48},", которая уже на первых для себя выборах стала четвёртой партией палаты депутатов.",{"attrs":4117,"content":4118,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4119],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4120,"type":48},"Кризис партийно-политической системы в начале 1990-х гг. привёл к установлению в Италии т. н. Второй республики.",{"attrs":4122,"content":4123,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4124,4126,4134,4136,4144,4146,4154],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4125,"type":48},"Изменение политического климата, вызванное, в частности, прекращением ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4127,"text":4133,"type":48},[4128],{"attrs":4129,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4130,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4131,"link_type":232,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"4953accf-26c6-43a0-a6b1-aae9691039bc",{"slug":4132,"type":95},"kholodnaia-voina-4953ac","«холодной войны»",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4135,"type":48},", привело Компартию к отказу от ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4137,"text":4143,"type":48},[4138],{"attrs":4139,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4140,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4141,"link_type":232,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"72bc5128-1a46-4c62-885a-78dfed4c1e31",{"slug":4142,"type":95},"marksizm-72bc51","марксизма",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4145,"type":48}," и преобразованию её в Социал-демократическую партию демократических левых сил, позднее в результате объединения с рядом меньших партий преобразованную в партию «Левые демократы». Часть членов Компартии, сохранивших приверженность марксизму, образовали свою организацию – ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4147,"text":4153,"type":48},[4148],{"attrs":4149,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4150,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4151,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"776db734-4856-44c0-9c86-d7f4c07bf623",{"slug":4152,"type":95},"partiia-kommunisticheskogo-vozrozhdeniia-776db7","Партию коммунистического возрождения",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4155,"type":48},". Неофашисты, потеряв свой главный козырь – противостояние коммунизму, стали терять популярность. В январе 1995 г. было объявлено о создании новой, более умеренной правой партии – Национальный альянс, объединившей членов Социального движения и консервативную часть ХДП.",{"attrs":4157,"content":4158,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":51},{"textAlign":10},[4159,4161,4169,4171,4179],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4160,"type":48},"В январе 1994 г. было объявлено о самороспуске ХДП и создании новой организации, названной Итальянская народная партия. В феврале самораспустилась ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4162,"text":4168,"type":48},[4163],{"attrs":4164,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4165,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4166,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"33facbf2-d387-448e-bf79-3c11a10aa2e2",{"slug":4167,"type":95},"ital-ianskaia-liberal-naia-partiia-33facb","Либеральная партия",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4170,"type":48},". Социалисты самораспустились в ноябре 1994 г. Социал-демократы, оставшись без представительства в парламенте и пережив ряд расколов, в 1998 г. вместе с несколькими организациями, созданными после распада Социалистической партии, сформировали партию «Итальянские демократические социалисты». Единственной партией из «Пентапартито», сумевшей сохраниться, оказалась ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":4172,"text":4178,"type":48},[4173],{"attrs":4174,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":97},{"content_id":4175,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":91,"kind_id":92,"link":4176,"link_type":285,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"744a68e0-e8c5-4297-b79e-e56abbfe5837",{"slug":4177,"type":95},"ital-ianskaia-respublikanskaia-partiia-744a68","Итальянская республиканская партия",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":4180,"type":48},". 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