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Literary works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_translated_into_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_translated_into_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Works translated into English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_translated_into_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88_(%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A)" title="إيفان فرانكو (أديب أوكراني) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفان فرانكو (أديب أوكراني)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Franko" title="İvan Franko – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İvan Franko" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ایوان فرانکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایوان فرانکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Франко Иван Яковлевич – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франко Иван Яковлевич" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Іван Якаўлевіч Франко – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іван Якаўлевіч Франко" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Іван Франко – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іван Франко" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иван Франко – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иван Франко" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иван Франко – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иван Франко" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Frank%C3%B3" title="Ivan Frankó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ivan Frankó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Franko" title="Iwan Franko – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iwan Franko" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Ιβάν Φρανκό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιβάν Φρανκό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Frank%C3%B3" title="Iván Frankó – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iván Frankó" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ایوان فرانکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایوان فرانکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%98_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%BD%94" title="이반 프란코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이반 프란코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8" title="Իվան Ֆրանկո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իվան Ֆրանկո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95" title="איוואן פרנקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איוואן פרנקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="ივან ფრანკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ივან ფრანკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Franko" title="Ioannes Franko – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Franko" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivans_Franko" title="Ivans Franko – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ivans Franko" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanas_Franko" title="Ivanas Franko – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ivanas Franko" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Jakovics_Franko" title="Ivan Jakovics Franko – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ivan Jakovics Franko" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иван Франко – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Иван Франко" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88_(%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%89)" title="ايفان فرانكو (صحفى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايفان فرانكو (صحفى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иван Франко – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иван Франко" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иван Франко – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иван Франко" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3" title="イヴァン・フランコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イヴァン・フランコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Franko" title="Iwan Franko – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iwan Franko" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Франко, Иван Яковлевич – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Франко, Иван Яковлевич" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B" title="ਇਵਾਨ ਫ਼ਰਾਂਕੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਵਾਨ ਫ਼ਰਾਂਕੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ایوان فرانکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایوان فرانکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Franko" title="Iwan Franko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwan Franko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Franko" title="İvan Franko – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İvan Franko" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Іван Франко – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іван Франко" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Франко, Иван Яковлевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франко, Иван Яковлевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Jakovy%C4%8D_Franko" title="Ivan Jakovyč Franko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ivan Jakovyč Franko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko_(ukrajinski_pisatelj)" title="Ivan Franko (ukrajinski pisatelj) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan Franko (ukrajinski pisatelj)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иван Франко – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иван Франко" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="இவான் பிராங்கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இவான் பிராங்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Franko" title="İvan Franko – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İvan Franko" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Франко Іван Якович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франко Іван Якович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91" title="伊万·弗兰科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊万·弗兰科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ivan Franko" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q332462#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ukrainian poet and writer (1856–1916)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the cruise ship, see <a href="/wiki/MS_Ivan_Franko" title="MS Ivan Franko">MS Ivan Franko</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Yakovych</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Franko</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Ivan Franko</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Franko in 1910"><img alt="Franko in 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg/440px-%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1684" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Franko in 1910</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="nickname">Іван Якович Франко</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1856-08-27</span>)</span>27 August 1856<br /><a href="/wiki/Nahuievychi" title="Nahuievychi">Nahuievychi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> (now Ukraine)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">28 May 1916<span style="display:none">(1916-05-28)</span> (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemberg">Lemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> (now Lviv, Ukraine)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Lychakiv_Cemetery" title="Lychakiv Cemetery">Lychakiv Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Myron, Kremin, Zhyvyi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">poet, writer, political activist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Ukrainian, Polish, German, Russian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Franz-Josephs-Universit%C3%A4t_Czernowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz-Josephs-Universität Czernowitz">Franz-Josephs-Universität Czernowitz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>, 1893)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1874–1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short story</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Novels">novels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Olha Fedorivna Khoruzhynska</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1886)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Andriy<br /><a href="/wiki/Petro_Franko" title="Petro Franko">Petro Franko</a><br />Taras Franko<br />Hanna Klyuchko (Franko)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ivan Yakovych Franko</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Іван Якович Франко</span>, <small>pronounced</small> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[iˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ]</a>; 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and <a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critic</a>, journalist, <a href="/wiki/Translator" class="mw-redirect" title="Translator">translator</a>, economist, political activist, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of philosophy">doctor of philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographer">ethnographer</a>, and the author of the first detective novels and modern poetry in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian language</a>. </p><p>He was a political radical, and a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> movement in <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a>. In addition to his own literary work, he also translated into Ukrainian the works of such renowned figures as <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a>. His translations appeared on the stage of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Discourse_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Discourse Theatre">Ruska Besida Theatre</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a>, he has had a tremendous influence on modern literary and political thought in Ukraine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franko was born in the Ukrainian village of <a href="/wiki/Nahuievychi" title="Nahuievychi">Nahuievychi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then located in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Crown_land#Austria" title="Crown land">kronland</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia</a>, today part of <a href="/wiki/Drohobych_Raion" title="Drohobych Raion">Drohobych Raion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv Oblast</a>, Ukraine. As a child, he was baptized as Ivan by Father Yosyp Levytsky, known as a poet and the author of the first Galician-<a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_language" title="Ruthenian language">Ruthenian</a> <span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Hramatyka</i></span> ("Grammar"), who was later exiled to Nahuyevychi for a "sharp tongue". At home, however, Ivan was called Myron because of a local superstitious belief that naming a person by a different name will dodge death.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franko's family in Nahuyevychi was considered "well-to-do", with their own servants and 24 hectares (59 acres) of owned property.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Franko's family possibly had German origins, being descendants of German colonists. Ivan Franko believed it to be true.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That statement is also supported by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a> who describes Yakiv Franko as a village blacksmith of German <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For certain the Franko family was already living in Galicia when the country was incorporated into Austria in 1772. Ivan Franko's great-grandfather Teodor (Fed) Franko baptized his children in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Franko's mother Maria came from a family of <a href="/wiki/Petty_nobility" title="Petty nobility">petty nobility</a>. The Kulczyckis (or Kulchytskys) were an ancient noble family hailing from the village of <a href="/wiki/Kulchytsi" title="Kulchytsi">Kulchytsi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sambir_Raion" title="Sambir Raion">Sambir Raion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201828-29_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201828-29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother was Ludwika Kulczycka, widow with six children from Yasenytsia Silna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201829_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201829-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers describe Franko's mother's nationality as Polish or Ukrainian.<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder2003_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hrytsak_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hrytsak-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The petty gentry in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Galicia" title="Eastern Galicia">Eastern Galicia</a> often retained elements of Polish culture and fostered a sense of solidarity with the Polish nobility, but they also Ruthenized and blended in with the surrounding peasantry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201831-33_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201831-33-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Franko's uncle Ivan Kulczycki took part in the <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">Polish uprising of 1863</a>. Franko's distant relative, aunt Koszycka, with whom he lived while studying in Drohobych, spoke Polish and Ruthenian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201832-33_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201832-33-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivan Franko attended school in the village Yasenytsia Sylna from 1862 until 1864, and from there attended the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilian</a> monastic school in <a href="/wiki/Drohobych" title="Drohobych">Drohobych</a> until 1867. His father died before Ivan was able to graduate from the <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Realschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Realschule">realschule</a>), but his stepfather supported Ivan in continuing his education. Soon, however, Franko found himself completely without parents after his mother died as well and later the young Ivan stayed with totally unrelated people. In 1875, he graduated from the Drohobych Realschule, and continued on to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lviv" title="University of Lviv">Lviv University</a>, where he studied classical philosophy, Ukrainian language and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_literature" title="Ukrainian literature">literature</a>. It was at this university that Franko began his literary career, with various works of poetry and his novel <i>Petriï i Dovbushchuky</i> published by the students' magazine <i>Druh</i> (<i>Friend</i>), whose editorial board he would later join. </p><p>A meeting with <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Drahomanov" title="Mykhailo Drahomanov">Mykhailo Drahomanov</a> at Lviv University made a huge impression on Ivan Franko. It later developed into a long political and literary association. Franko's own socialist writings and his association with Drahomanov led to his arrest in 1877, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mykhailo_Pavlyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mykhailo Pavlyk (page does not exist)">Mykhailo Pavlyk</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostap_Terletsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostap Terletsky (page does not exist)">Ostap Terletsky</a>, among others. They were accused of belonging to a secret socialist organization, which did not in fact exist. However, the nine months in prison did not discourage his political writing or activities. In prison, Franko wrote the satire <i>Smorhonska Akademiya</i> (<i>The Smorhon Academy</i>). After release, he studied the works of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, contributed articles to the Polish newspaper <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praca_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praca (newspaper) (page does not exist)">Praca</a></i> (<i>Labor</i>) and helped organize workers' groups in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>. In 1878 Franko and Pavlyk founded the magazine <i>Hromads'kyi Druh</i> ("Public Friend"). Only two issues were published before it was banned by the government; however, the journal was reborn under the names <i>Dzvin</i> (<i>Bell</i>) and <i>Molot</i> (<i>Mallet</i>). Franko published a series of books called <i>Dribna Biblioteka</i> ("Petty Library") from 1878 until his second arrest for arousing the peasants to civil disobedience in 1880. After three months in the <a href="/wiki/Kolomyia" title="Kolomyia">Kolomyia</a> prison, the writer returned to Lviv. His impressions of this exile are reflected in his novel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na_Dni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na Dni (page does not exist)">Na Dni</a></i> (<i>At the Bottom</i>). Upon his release, Franko was kept under police surveillance. At odds with the administration, Franko was expelled from Lviv University, an institution that would be renamed Ivan Franko National University of Lviv after the writer's death. </p><p>Franko was an active contributor to the journal <i>Svit</i> (<i>The World</i>) in 1881. He wrote more than half of the material, excluding the unsigned editorials. Later that year, Franko moved to his native Nahuievychi, where he wrote the novel <i>Zakhar Berkut</i>, translated <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Goethe%27s_Faust" title="Goethe's Faust">Faust</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine's</a> poem <i>Deutschland: ein Wintermärchen</i> into Ukrainian. He also wrote a series of articles on <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a>, and reviewed the collection <i>Khutorna Poeziya</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Khutir" class="mw-redirect" title="Khutir">Khutir</a> Poetry</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Panteleimon_Kulish" title="Panteleimon Kulish">Panteleimon Kulish</a>. Franko worked for the journal <i>Zorya</i> (<i>Sunrise</i>), and became a member of the editing board of the newspaper <i>Dilo</i> (<i>Action</i>) a year later. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png/220px-Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png/330px-Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png/440px-Olha_and_Ivan_Franko.png 2x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Franko with wife Olha Khoruzhynska, 1886</figcaption></figure> <p>Franko married Olha Khoruzhynska from <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> in May 1886, to whom he dedicated the collection <i>Z vershyn i nyzyn</i> (<i>From Tops and Bottoms</i>), a book of poetry and verse. The couple lived in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> for some time, where Ivano Franko met with <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a>. His wife was to later suffer from a debilitating mental illness due to the death of the first-born son, Andriy,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the reasons that Franko would not leave Lviv for treatment in Kyiv in 1916, shortly before his death. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg/220px-%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg/330px-%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg/440px-%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%E2%80%99%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_100-%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8%C2%BB.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The board and members of the <a href="/wiki/Shevchenko_Scientific_Society" title="Shevchenko Scientific Society">Shevchenko Scientific Society</a> celebrating the 100th anniversary of the publication of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kotliarevsky" title="Ivan Kotliarevsky">Ivan Kotliarevsky's</a> <a href="/wiki/Eneida" title="Eneida">Eneida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, 31 October 1898: Sitting in the first row: Mykhaylo Pavlyk, <a href="/wiki/Yevheniya_Yaroshynska" title="Yevheniya Yaroshynska">Yevheniya Yaroshynska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nataliya_Kobrynska" title="Nataliya Kobrynska">Natalia Kobrynska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olha_Kobylianska" title="Olha Kobylianska">Olha Kobylianska</a>, Sylvester Lepky, Andriy Chaykovsky, Kost Pankivsky. In the second row: Ivan Kopach, <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Hnatiuk" title="Volodymyr Hnatiuk">Volodymyr Hnatiuk</a>, Osyp Makovej, <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Mykhailo Hrushevsky</a>, Ivan Franko, Oleksandr Kolessa, <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Lepky" title="Bohdan Lepky">Bohdan Lepky</a>. Standing in the third row: Ivan Petrushevych, <a href="/wiki/Filaret_Kolessa" title="Filaret Kolessa">Filaret Kolessa</a>, Yossyp Kyshakevych, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Trush" title="Ivan Trush">Ivan Trush</a>, Denys Lukianovych, <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Ivasyuk" title="Mykola Ivasyuk">Mykola Ivasyuk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1888, Franko was a contributor to the journal <i>Pravda</i>, which, along with his association with compatriots from <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_Ukraine" title="Dnieper Ukraine">Dnieper Ukraine</a>, led to a third arrest in 1889. After this two-month prison term, he co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian-Ukrainian_Radical_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party">Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Drahomanov" title="Mykhailo Drahomanov">Mykhailo Drahomanov</a> and Mykhailo Pavlyk. Franko was the Radical party's candidate for seats in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Council_(Austria)" title="Imperial Council (Austria)">parliament</a> of Austria and the <a href="/wiki/Galicia_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia Diet">Galicia Diet</a>, but never won an election. </p><p>In 1891, Franko attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chernivtsi" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chernivtsi">Franz-Josephs-Universität Czernowitz</a> (where he prepared a dissertation on Ivan Vyshensky), and then attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> to defend a doctoral dissertation on the spiritual romance <i><a href="/wiki/Barlaam_and_Josaphat" title="Barlaam and Josaphat">Barlaam and Josaphat</a></i> under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Vatroslav_Jagi%C4%87" title="Vatroslav Jagić">Vatroslav Jagić</a>, who was considered the foremost expert of <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a> at the time. Franko received his doctorate of philosophy from University of Vienna on July 1, 1893. He was appointed lecturer in the history of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_literature" title="Ukrainian literature">Ukrainian literature</a> at Lviv University in 1894; however, he was not able to chair the Department of Ukrainian literature there because of opposition from <a href="/wiki/Vicegerent" title="Vicegerent">Vicegerent</a> <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Badeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimierz Badeni">Kazimierz Badeni</a> and Galician conservative circles. </p><p>One of Franko's articles, <i>Sotsiializm i sotsiial-demokratyzm</i> (<i>Socialism and Social Democracy</i>), a severe criticism of Ukrainian Social Democracy and the socialism of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engels" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels">Engels</a>, was published in 1898 in the journal <i>Zhytie i Slovo</i>, which he and his wife founded. He continued his anti-<a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> stance in a collection of poetry entitled <i>Mii smarahd</i> (<i>My Emerald</i>) in 1898, where he called Marxism "a religion founded on dogmas of hatred and class struggle".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His long-time collaborative association with Mykhailo Drahomanov was strained due to their diverging views on socialism and the national question. Franko would later accuse Drahomanov of tying Ukraine's fate to that of Russia in <i>Suspil'nopolitychni pohliady M. Drahomanova</i> (<i>The Sociopolitical Views of M. Drahomanov</i>), published in 1906. After a split in the Radical Party, in 1899, Franko, together with the Lviv historian <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Mykhailo Hrushevsky</a>, founded the National Democratic Party, where he worked until 1904 when he retired from political life. </p><p>In 1902, students and activists in Lviv, embarrassed that Franko was living in poverty, purchased a house for him in the city. He lived there for the remaining 14 years of his life. The house is now the site of the Ivan Franko Museum. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko,_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko%2C_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg/200px-Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko%2C_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko%2C_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg/300px-Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko%2C_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko%2C_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg/400px-Headstone_of_Ivan_Franko%2C_Lychakiv_cemetery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Ivan Franko in the <a href="/wiki/Lychakiv_Cemetery" title="Lychakiv Cemetery">Lychakiv Cemetery</a> in Lviv, Ukraine. He is depicted as a stone breaker, in reference to his famous poem, "<i><a href="/wiki/Kameniari" title="Kameniari">Kameniari</a></i>".</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1904 Franko took part in an ethnographic expedition in the <a href="/wiki/Boykos" title="Boykos">Boyko</a> areas with <a href="/wiki/Filaret_Kolessa" title="Filaret Kolessa">Filaret Kolesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fedir_Vovk" title="Fedir Vovk">Fedir Vovk</a>, and a Russian ethnographer. </p><p>1914 saw publication of his jubilee collection, <i>Pryvit Ivanovi Frankovi</i> (<i>Greeting Ivan Franko</i>), and of his collection <i>Iz lit moyeyi molodosti</i> (<i>From the Years of My Youth</i>). </p><p>In the last nine years of his life, Franko seldom physically wrote, as he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a> which eventually paralyzed his right arm. He was assisted as <a href="/wiki/Amanuensis" title="Amanuensis">amanuensis</a> by his sons, particularly Andriy. </p><p>In 1916, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Zastyretz" title="Josef Zastyretz">Josef Zastyretz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hj%C3%A4rne" title="Harald Hjärne">Harald Hjärne</a> proposed Franko for the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>, but he died before the nomination materialized.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ivan_Franko" title="Special:EditPage/Ivan Franko">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Franko died in poverty at 4 pm on 28 May 1916. Those who came to pay their respects saw him lying on the table covered with nothing but a ragged sheet. His burial and burial clothes were paid for by his admirers, and none of his family came to visit him. Franko was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Lychakivskiy_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lychakivskiy Cemetery">Lychakivskiy Cemetery</a> in Lviv. </p><p>Soon after Franko's death, the world witnessed the creation of two Ukrainian republics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wife">Wife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olha Fedorivna Khoruzhynska (m. 1886-1941), a graduate of the Institute of Noble Dames in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> and later the two-year higher courses in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, she knew several languages and played piano, died in 1941 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_franko_by_trush.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ivan_franko_by_trush.jpg/200px-Ivan_franko_by_trush.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Ivan_franko_by_trush.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>One of many portraits of Ivan Franko by Ukrainian impressionist artist <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Trush" title="Ivan Trush">Ivan Trush</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andriy Franko (1887 - 1913) - died at 27 from heart failure.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Franko" title="Petro Franko">Petro Franko</a> (1890–1941), an engineer-chemist, a veteran of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Sich_Riflemen" title="Ukrainian Sich Riflemen">Ukrainian Sich Riflemen</a>, founder of the Ukrainian Air Force, a Ukrainian politician, a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_(legislator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy (legislator)">people's deputy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> <ul><li>Petro Franko had two daughters who after marrying changed their names</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taras_Franko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taras Franko (page does not exist)">Taras Franko</a> (1889 - 1971), a veteran of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Sich_Riflemen" title="Ukrainian Sich Riflemen">Ukrainian Sich Riflemen</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li>Roland Franko (1931-2021), a Ukrainian politician,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> diplomat, a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">Kyiv Polytechnic Institute</a>, by his efforts in 1996 the United Kingdom freely transferred its Antarctic station Faraday to Ukraine later renamed into <a href="/wiki/Vernadsky_Research_Base" title="Vernadsky Research Base">Academician Vernadsky</a></li> <li>Zenovia Franko (1925-1991), a Ukrainian philologist<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an outstanding person of the Ukrainian nationalist movement in the times of the Soviet Union<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had sons</li> <li>Daryna Franko</li></ul></li> <li>Hanna Klyuchko (Franko) (1892 - 1988), a Ukrainian writer, publicist, memoirist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children_in_law">Children in law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Children in law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olha_Franko" title="Olha Franko">Olha Franko</a>, wife of Petro (above)</li></ul> <p>According to Roland Franko, his grandfather was 1.74 metres (5.7 ft) tall, had red hair, always wore mustache and the Ukrainian embroidered shirt (<a href="/wiki/Vyshyvanka" title="Vyshyvanka">vyshyvanka</a>) even with a dress-coat. </p><p>Some of Franko's descendants emigrated to the US and Canada. His grand-nephew, <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Shymko" title="Yuri Shymko">Yuri Shymko</a>, is a Canadian politician and human rights activist living in Toronto, who was elected to Canada's Parliament as well as the Ontario Legislature during the 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literary works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Lesyshyna Cheliad</i> and <i>Dva Pryiateli</i> (<i>Two Friends</i>) were published in the literary almanac <i>Dnistrianka</i> in 1876. Later that year he wrote his first collection of poetry, <i>Ballads and Tales</i>. His first of the stories in the <i>Boryslav</i> series was published in 1877. </p><p>Franko depicted the harsh experience of Ukrainian workers and peasants in his novels <i>Boryslav Laughs</i> (1881–1882) and <i>Boa Constrictor</i> (1878). His works deal with <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a> and history (<i>Zakhar Berkut</i>, 1883), social issues (<i>Basis of Society</i>, 1895 and <i>Withered Leaves</i>, 1896), and philosophy (<i>Semper Tiro</i>, 1906). </p><p>He has drawn parallels to the Israelite search for a homeland and the Ukrainian desire for independence in <i>In Death of Cain</i> (1889) and <i>Moses</i> (1905). <i>Stolen Happiness</i> (1893) is considered as his best dramatic masterpiece. In total, Franko has written more than 1,000 works. </p><p>He was widely promoted in Ukraine during the Soviet period, particularly for his poem "<a href="/wiki/Kameniari" title="Kameniari">Kameniari</a>" (groundbreakers) which contains revolutionary political ideas, hence earning him the name <i>Kameniar</i> (groundbreaker). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_translated_into_English">Works translated into English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works translated into English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English translations of Ivan Franko's works include: </p> <ul><li>"What is Progress";<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"How a Ruthenian Busied Himself in the Other World", "How Yura Shykmanyuk Forded the Cheremosh", "A Thorn in His Foot" and "As in a Dream";<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Mykytych's Oak Tree, The Gypsies", "It's His Own Fault" and "The Forest Nymph";<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Hryts and the Young Lord", "The Cutthroats", "The Involuntary Hero" and "The Raging Tempest";<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Unknown Waters" and "Lel and Polel";<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Fateful Crossroads";<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"For the Home Hearth" and "Pillars of Society";<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"From the Notes of a Patient", "The High Life" and "The Postal Clerk";<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Amidst the Just", "Fatherland", "The Jay's Wing" and "William Tell".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Zakhar Berkut</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>(This translation was released in audiobook format on 5 July 2023)</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>An anthology containing short stories and novellas by Franko entitled <i>Faces of Hardship</i> was published in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg/220px-20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg/330px-20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg/440px-20_Ukrainian_hryvnia_in_2018_Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Ivan Franko portrait on obverse ₴20.00 <a href="/wiki/Hryvna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hryvna">bill</a> circa 2018</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac" title="File:Lysenko - Boundless Plain.flac">Boundless Plain</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac/Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac/Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Lysenko_-_Boundless_Plain.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Franko wrote the lyrics for this song composed by <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Lysenko" title="Mykola Lysenko">Mykola Lysenko</a> in 1898 and performed in 2014, duration is 0:59</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8E).flac" title="File:Mykola Lysenko - Princely Moon (Місяцю-князю).flac">Princely Moon</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="133" data-mwtitle="Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_(Місяцю-князю).flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_%28%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8E%29.flac/Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_%28%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8E%29.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_%28%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8E%29.flac/Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_%28%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8E%29.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Mykola_Lysenko_-_Princely_Moon_%28%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8E%29.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Franko wrote the lyrics for this song composed by Mykola Lysenko, and performed in 2010, duration is 2:13</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>In 1962 the city of Stanyslaviv in Western Ukraine (<a href="/wiki/Revision_of_borders_of_Poland_(1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision of borders of Poland (1945)">formerly</a> Stanisławów, Poland) was renamed <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a> in the poet's honor. </p><p><br /> </p><p>On the Centennial of Franko's PhD defence in 1993, the then Austrian vice chancellor <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Busek" title="Erhard Busek">Erhard Busek</a> had a commemorative bust installed in the university building on Ringstrasse, opposite <i>Übungsraum</i> 1 and 2 at the Department of Germanistik. In 2013, an additional plaque was added, after an academic symposium had clarified Franko's relationship to Judaism, mentioned anti-Semitic stereotypes in Franko's work as well as close Jewish friends.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2018 on the Ukrainian-controlled part of Ukraine there were 552 streets named after Ivan Franko.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is also associated with the name <b><a href="/wiki/Kameniar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kameniar">Kameniar</a></b> for his famous poem, "Kameniari" ("The Rock Breakers"), especially during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet regime">Soviet regime</a>. Although he was a <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a>, his political views mostly did not correspond to <a href="/wiki/Soviet_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet ideology">Soviet ideology</a>. On 8 April 1978, the astronomer <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Chernykh" title="Nikolai Chernykh">Nikolai Chernykh</a> named an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> in honor of Franko by way of this name, <a href="/wiki/2428_Kamenyar" class="mw-redirect" title="2428 Kamenyar">2428 Kamenyar</a>. </p><p>In the Americas, Ivan Franko's legacy is alive to this day. <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Genik" title="Cyril Genik">Cyril Genik</a>, the best man at Franko's wedding, emigrated to Canada. Genik became the first Ukrainian to be employed by the Canadian government – working as an immigration agent. With his cousin Ivan Bodrug, and Bodrug's friend Ivan Negrich, the three were known as the Березівѕка Трійця (the Bereziv Triumvirate) in Winnipeg. Imbued by Franko's nationalism and liberalism, Genik and his Triumvirate had no compunction about bringing Bishop Seraphim to Winnipeg in 1903 – a renegade Russian monk, consecrated a bishop on Mount Athos – to free the Ukrainians of all the religious and political groups in Canada who were wrangling to assimilate them. Within two years, the charismatic <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ustvolsky" title="Stefan Ustvolsky">Seraphim</a> built the notorious <a href="/wiki/Tin_Can_Cathedral" title="Tin Can Cathedral">Tin Can Cathedral</a> in Winnipeg's North-End, which claimed nearly 60,000 adherents. Today, the bust of Ivan Franko, which stands triumphantly on a pillar in the courtyard of the Ivan Franko Manor on McGregor St. in Winnipeg, looks fondly across the street. Two churches stood here, the first (this building has since been demolished) that Seraphim blessed and opened for service upon his arrival, before building his Cathedral. The second was the Independent Greek Church (this building is still intact) of which Ivan Bodrug became the head after Seraphim was removed. Franko's consciousness had been bold, and on the level playing ground of the new world, it served Ukrainians in Canada to find their own identity as Ukrainian-Canadians. </p><p>Ukrainian composer <a href="/wiki/Yudif_Grigorevna_Rozhavskaya" title="Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya">Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya</a> (1923-1982) used Franko’s text for her songs.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 a Ukrainian-American historical action film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rising_Hawk" title="The Rising Hawk">The Rising Hawk</a></i> with budget $5 million was released. It is based on the historical fiction book <i>Zakhar Berkut</i> by Ivan Franko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Franko_Museum" title="Ivan Franko Museum">Ivan Franko Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Franko_International_Prize" title="Ivan Franko International Prize">Ivan Franko International Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omelian_Hlibovytskyi" title="Omelian Hlibovytskyi">Omelian Hlibovytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kuziv" title="Ivan Kuziv">Ivan Kuziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostap_Nyzhankivsky" title="Ostap Nyzhankivsky">Ostap Nyzhankivsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Popel" title="Ivan Popel">Ivan Popel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksa_Volianskyi" title="Oleksa Volianskyi">Oleksa Volianskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian-language_poets" title="List of Ukrainian-language poets">List of Ukrainian-language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian-language_writers" title="List of Ukrainian-language writers">List of Ukrainian-language writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_literature_translated_into_English" title="List of Ukrainian literature translated into English">List of Ukrainian literature translated into English</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-Franko">Ivan Franko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7502/A005?rf7571=19469">Облікова картка</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225120311/http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7502/A005?rf7571=19469">Archived</a> 2015-12-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG1ucU1FHZ4"><span class="plainlinks">Film about Ivan Franko by Sofia Chemerys part 1</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1IXCePNN5I"><span class="plainlinks">Film about Ivan Franko by Sofia Chemerys, part 2</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201827_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrytsak2018">Hrytsak 2018</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder2003_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder2003_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_Snyder2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy D. Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QJhMhTKw-vgC&pg=PA130"><i>The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12841-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12841-3"><bdi>978-0-300-12841-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Nations%3A+Poland%2C+Ukraine%2C+Lithuania%2C+Belarus%2C+1569-1999&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12841-3&rft.au=Timothy+Snyder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQJhMhTKw-vgC%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201828-29-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201828-29_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrytsak2018">Hrytsak 2018</a>, p. 28-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201829-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201829_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrytsak2018">Hrytsak 2018</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hrytsak-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hrytsak_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yaroslav Hrytsak. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inst-ukr.lviv.ua/files/23/510Hrycak.pdf">Ivan Franko - Peasant son?</a> Україна: культурна спадщина, національна свідомість, державність vol. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yaroslav Hrytsak. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625014530/http://www.forumnetukraine.org/attachments/450_Yaroslav%20Hrytsak.pdf">One World is not enough or my Adventures with National Paradigm</a></i>. Scripta ucrainica europaea. Greifswald. September 2007. p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201831-33-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201831-33_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrytsak2018">Hrytsak 2018</a>, p. 31-33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201832-33-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrytsak201832-33_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrytsak2018">Hrytsak 2018</a>, p. 32-33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhanna_Kuyava2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhanna Kuyava (6 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150613180056/http://sumno.com/article/onuk-vichnogo-revolyutsionera-roland-franko-did-mi/"><bdi lang="uk">Онук "Вічного революціонера" Роланд Франко: "Дід міг годинами ловити рибу … руками..."</bdi></a> [The grandson of the "Eternal revolutionary" Roland Franko: "My grandfather could spend hours fishing ... with his hands ..."] (in Ukrainian). sumno.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumno.com/article/onuk-vichnogo-revolyutsionera-roland-franko-did-mi/">the original</a> on 13 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA+%22%D0%92%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%22+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4+%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%3A+%22%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B4+%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B3+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83+%E2%80%A6+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8...%22&rft.pub=sumno.com&rft.date=2010-10-06&rft.au=Zhanna+Kuyava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsumno.com%2Farticle%2Fonuk-vichnogo-revolyutsionera-roland-franko-did-mi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=1392">"Nomination%20archive"</a>. April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomination%2520archive&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D1392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/WEBPROC119E?kodvib=400&kodreg=46">"Lviv region: Registered candidates for deputy"</a>. <i>Ukrainian Central Election Commission</i>. 31 March 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainian+Central+Election+Commission&rft.atitle=Lviv+region%3A+Registered+candidates+for+deputy&rft.date=2002-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvk.gov.ua%2Fpls%2Fvd2002%2FWEBPROC119E%3Fkodvib%3D400%26kodreg%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span> Roland T. Franko is a Ukrainian politician</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81138542">List of works of Zenovia Franko</a> on <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/14390/file.pdf">"The Ukrainian Review", London, 1980</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2021, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r-AuEAAAQBAJ">is Progress?<i></i></a><i>, Theogony Books, Lviv, (Engl. transl.)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/country_lanes.htm"><i>Down Country Lanes</i></a>, pp.66-159, Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/down_country_lanes_contents.htm"><i>From Days Gone By </i></a>, pp.51-93, Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/winds.htm"><i>Winds of Change: A Trilogy of Selected Prose Fiction by Ivan Franko</i></a>, (Vol. 1), Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/pubs.htm"><i>Beacons in the Darkness: A Trilogy of Selected Prose Fiction by Ivan Franko</i></a> (Vol. 2), Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/fateful.htm"><i>Fateful Crossroads: A Trilogy of Selected Prose Fiction by Ivan Franko</i></a>, (Vol. 2), Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/decorum.htm"><i>Behind Decorum's Veil: Selected Prose Fiction by Ivan Franko</i></a>, Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/passioncon.htm"><i>Passion's Bitter Cup</i></a>, pp.91-145, Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagelanterns.com/riddlescontents.htm"><i>Riddles of the Heart</i></a>, pp.21-129, Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Zakhar-Berkut-Voices-Ukraine-Franko/dp/B09S42YRMF/ref=sr_1_1?https://www.amazon.com/Zakhar-Berkut-Voices-Ukraine-Franko/dp/B09S42YRMF/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1JPELBKC4O4V&keywords=Zakhar+Berkut&qid=1666827829&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIwLjAwIiwicXNhIjoiMC4wMCIsInFzcCI6IjAuMDAifQ%3D%3D&s=books&sprefix=zakhar+berkut%2Cstripbooks%2C101&sr=1-1crid=1JPELBKC4O4V&keywords=Zakhar+Berkut&qid=1666827829&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIwLjAwIiwicXNhIjoiMC4wMCIsInFzcCI6IjAuMDAifQ%3D%3D&s=books&sprefix=zakhar+berkut%2Cstripbooks%2C101&sr=1-1"><i>Zakhar Berkut (Voices of Ukraine)</i></a>, independently published (Engl. transl. by Theodosia Boresky)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audible.com/pd/Zakhar-Berkut-Audiobook/B0CB736JDC?qid=1688666753&sr=1-1&ref=a_search_c3_lProduct_1_1&pf_rd_p=83218cca-c308-412f-bfcf-90198b687a2f&pf_rd_r=P5D4BM3GS33RP1DBZGGN&pageLoadId=YTrDBobqPDIckJTb&creativeId=0d6f6720-f41c-457e-a42b-8c8dceb62f2c"><i>Zakhar Berkut (Voices of Ukraine)</i></a>, Audible.com (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franko, I., 2021, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Faces-Hardship-Ivan-Franko/dp/B09HHMLKHG/ref=sr_1_4?crid=1AB8U6LYIVCQH&keywords=Ivan+Franko&qid=1687282249&refinements=p_n_feature_nine_browse-bin%3A3291437011&rnid=3291435011&s=books&sprefix=ivan+franko%2Cstripbooks%2C820&sr=1-4"><i>Faces of Hardship</i></a>, independently published (Engl. transl.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosch2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Posch, Herbert (18 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/de/personen/iwan-franko">"Iwan Franko, Dr"</a>. <i>650 plus</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=650+plus&rft.atitle=Iwan+Franko%2C+Dr.&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft.aulast=Posch&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeschichte.univie.ac.at%2Fde%2Fpersonen%2Fiwan-franko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://texty.org.ua/d/2018/streets">https://texty.org.ua/d/2018/streets</a> НА ЧИЮ ЧЕСТЬ НАЗВАНІ ВУЛИЦІ УКРАЇНИ? Texty.org.ua, 6 November 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1987" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Aaron I. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5VsYAAAAIAAJ&q=strantz+louise"><i>International Encyclopedia of Women Composers</i></a>. Books & Music (USA). p. 603. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-24272-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-24272-4"><bdi>978-0-313-24272-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Women+Composers&rft.pages=603&rft.pub=Books+%26+Music+%28USA%29&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-313-24272-4&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Aaron+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5VsYAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dstrantz%2Blouise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHrytsak2018" class="citation book cs1">Hrytsak, Jaroslav (2018). <i>Ivan Franko and His Community</i>. Translated by Olynyk, Marta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61811-968-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61811-968-1"><bdi>978-1-61811-968-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivan+Franko+and+His+Community&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-61811-968-1&rft.aulast=Hrytsak&rft.aufirst=Jaroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Franko" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivan_Franko" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ivan Franko">Ivan Franko</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Ivan_Yakovych_Franko" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Ivan Yakovych Franko">Ivan Franko</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/F/R/FrankoIvan.htm">Article on Ivan Franko</a> from the Encyclopedia of Ukraine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXd4ZGpGgng">Ivan Franko's audiobook "Biblical story about Creation of the Universe"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%20Yakovych%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%20Y%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Franko%2C%20I%2E%20Y%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ivan%20Yakovych%20Franko%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ivan%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22I%2E%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ivan%20Franko%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ivan%20Yakovych%20Franko%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ivan%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22I%2E%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22I%2E%20Yakovych%20Franko%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%20Yakovych%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%20Y%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Franko%2C%20I%2E%20Y%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Franko%2C%20I%2E%20Yakovych%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ivan%20Franko%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ivan%20Yakovych%20Franko%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ivan%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20title%3A%22I%2E%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ivan%20Franko%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ivan%20Yakovych%20Franko%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ivan%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20description%3A%22I%2E%20Y%2E%20Franko%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%20Yakovych%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%20Y%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ivan%20Franko%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Franko%2C%20Ivan%22%29%20OR%20%28%221856-1916%22%20AND%20Franko%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Ivan Franko</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/10141">Works by Ivan Franko</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up5e6ONGALI">Ivan Franko. Spirit of Revolt. Translated by J. Weir. Performed by B. Billow (audio)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=252818">Władysław Makarski, <i>Iwan Franko jako onomasta</i> [Ivan Franko as an Onomast] </a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_symbols_of_Ukraine" title="Template:National symbols of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_symbols_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:National symbols of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_symbols_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National symbols of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Symbols_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Ukraine" title="National symbols of Ukraine">Symbols of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Ukrainian_people" title="Symbols of Ukrainian people">Symbols of Ukrainian people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_flags" title="List of Ukrainian flags">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_Ukraine" title="Flags of the regions of Ukraine">regions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ukraine" title="Coat of arms of Ukraine">Coat of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Ukraine" title="Armorial of Ukraine">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Ukraine#Regional" title="Armorial of Ukraine">regions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_symbols_of_the_president_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="State symbols of the president of Ukraine">Presidential symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_president_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the president of Ukraine">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_of_the_president_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Collar of the president of Ukraine">Collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulava_of_the_president_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulava of the president of Ukraine">Bulava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_Ukraine" title="Seal of the President of Ukraine">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peresopnytsia_Gospel" title="Peresopnytsia Gospel">Peresopnytsia Gospel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours_of_Ukraine" title="National colours of Ukraine">National colours</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/50px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/75px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/100px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyshyvanka" title="Vyshyvanka">Vyshyvanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Pysanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandura" title="Bandura">Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viburnum_opulus" title="Viburnum opulus">Chervona kalyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_with_musket" title="Cossack with musket">Cossack with musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Mamay" title="Cossack Mamay">Cossack Mamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopak" title="Hopak">Hopak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anthem of Ukraine">Shche ne vmerla Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_Ukraine" title="Prayer for Ukraine">Prayer for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za_Ukrainu" title="Za Ukrainu">Za Ukrainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhian_March" title="Zaporizhian March">Zaporizhian March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="March of Ukrainian Nationalists">Zrodylys my velykoyi hodyny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr the Great">Volodymyr the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Yaroslav the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesya_Ukrainka" title="Lesya Ukrainka">Lesya Ukrainka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivan Franko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_Galicia" title="Daniel of Galicia">Daniel of Galicia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sofiyivka_Park" title="Sofiyivka Park">Sofiyivka Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi_Castle" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle">Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortytsia" title="Khortytsia">Khortytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">Saint Sophia Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotyn_Fortress" title="Khotyn Fortress">Khotyn Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Seven Wonders of Ukraine">Seven Wonders of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velyki_Ukra%C3%AFntsi" title="Velyki Ukraïntsi">Greatest Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332462#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332462#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332462#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083392564">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/10637190">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/44907/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpdVJXkjrBGFPVVCV3vpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118534920">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79125094">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12864873f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12864873f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Franko, Ivan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV088400">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35100241">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20010088889&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1209052">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/411249">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070200602">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90148460">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000085514&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000063864&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hkfprp5bs5dd3">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810659069905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/86494">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275893705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13924056">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03112565?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102580">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/826506">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118534920.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118534920">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/061623563">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041503">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bp07cn">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\F\R\FrankoIvan">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&oldid=1258177060">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Franko&oldid=1258177060</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ivan_Franko" title="Category:Ivan Franko">Ivan Franko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_births" title="Category:1856 births">1856 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1916_deaths" title="Category:1916 deaths">1916 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Category:Writers from the Kingdom of Galicia and 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