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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss-American computer scientist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Urs Hölzle</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg/220px-Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg/330px-Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg/440px-Urs_Holzle_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Urs Hölzle (2014)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1964 (age 60–61)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">JIT compilers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Data centers">data centers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud Platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science">AAAS Fellow</a>, <a href="/wiki/ACM_Fellow" title="ACM Fellow">ACM Fellow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright Scholar">Fulbright Scholar</a>, NAE Member</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/94/1520/CS-TR-94-1520.pdf">Adaptive optimization for Self: Reconciling High Performance with Exploratory Programming</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1994)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Ungar" title="David Ungar">David Ungar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Urs Hölzle</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈʊrs<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhœltslɛ]</a></span>; born 1964<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Swiss-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-American">Swiss-American</a> software engineer and technology executive. As <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>'s eighth employee and its first VP of Engineering, he has shaped much of Google's development processes and infrastructure, as well as its engineering culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most notable contributions include leading the development of fundamental cloud infrastructure such as energy-efficient data centers, distributed compute and storage systems, and software-defined networking. Until July 2023, he was the Senior Vice President of Technical Infrastructure and Google Fellow at Google. In July 2023, he transitioned to being a Google Fellow only.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before joining Google, Hölzle was an <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a>. He received a master's degree in computer science from <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a> in 1988 and was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright">Fulbright</a> scholarship that same year. In 1994, he earned a Ph.D. from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, where his research focused on <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> and their efficient implementation. Via a startup founded by Hölzle, David Griswold, and <a href="/wiki/Lars_Bak_(computer_programmer)" title="Lars Bak (computer programmer)">Lars Bak</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Strongtalk" title="Strongtalk">Strongtalk</a>), that work then evolved into a high-performance <a href="/wiki/Java_VM" class="mw-redirect" title="Java VM">Java VM</a> named <a href="/wiki/HotSpot_(virtual_machine)" title="HotSpot (virtual machine)">HotSpot</a>, acquired by Sun's JavaSoft unit in 1997 and from there became Sun's premier JVM implementation. </p><p>In 1999 he joined Google and became its first Vice President of Engineering later that year and influenced Google's corporate and engineering culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he led various areas during the early years of the company, including operations, search, and Gmail, he is best known for his work leading the infrastructure systems underpinning Google's applications, and for their focus on both efficiency and scalability. With <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dean" title="Jeff Dean">Jeff Dean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luiz_Andr%C3%A9_Barroso" title="Luiz André Barroso">Luiz Barroso</a> he designed the initial distributed architecture for Google.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work was recognized by the Association for Computing Machinery who named him a Fellow for the design, engineering and operation of energy efficient large-scale cloud computing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also credited for creating <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.google.com/googlegulp/">Google Gulp</a> for April Fool's Day in 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_centers_and_servers">Data centers and servers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Data centers and servers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He led the design of Google's efficient data centers which are said to use less than half the power of a conventional data center.<sup id="cite_ref-google-DC-efficiency_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-DC-efficiency-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 he received The Economist's Innovation Award for his datacenter efficiency work.<sup id="cite_ref-economist-award_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist-award-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Luiz Barroso, he wrote <i>The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-google-WSC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-WSC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now in its third edition, the book is the most downloaded textbook at Morgan Claypool<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is widely used in undergraduate and graduate Computer Science education. For his contributions to the design, operation, and energy efficiency of large-scale data centers, Hölzle was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2007, he introduced the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Savers_Computing_Initiative" title="Climate Savers Computing Initiative">Climate Savers Computing Initiative</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Pat_Gelsinger" title="Pat Gelsinger">Pat Gelsinger</a> which aimed to halve the power consumption of desktop computers and servers. In 2012, after mobile computing and enhanced awareness of datacenter energy costs had contributed to significant improvements in energy efficiency, CSCI merged with the Green Grid consortium.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2007, he and Luiz Barroso wrote <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.google.com/pubs/pub33387.html">"The Case for Energy Proportional Computing"</a> which argued that servers should be designed to use power in proportion to their current load, because they spend much of their time being only partially loaded. This paper is often credited for spurring CPU manufacturers to make their designs much more energy efficient.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, <a href="/wiki/Energy_proportional_computing" title="Energy proportional computing">energy proportional computing</a> has become a standard goal for both server and mobile uses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Networking">Networking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Networking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 2005, Hölzle's team began to develop datacenter networking hardware because off-the-shelf network equipment could not scale to the demands of large data centers. Using <a href="/wiki/Clos_network" title="Clos network">Clos network</a> topologies based on commodity switch chips, these datacenter networks scaled from an initial 10 Tbit/s to 1,000 Tbit/s a decade later.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Initially esoteric and kept a secret</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, today this approach is standard for large datacenter networks; virtually all hyperscale datacenter operators use similar approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Hölzle introduced "the G-Scale Network" on which Google had begun managing its <a href="/wiki/Petabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Petabyte">petabyte</a>-scale internal data flow via <a href="/wiki/OpenFlow" title="OpenFlow">OpenFlow</a>, an open source software system jointly devised by scientists at Stanford and the UC Berkeley and promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Networking_Foundation" title="Open Networking Foundation">Open Networking Foundation</a>. In 2021, this work was recognized by the ACM SIGCOMM Networking Systems Award.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The internal data flow, or network, is distinct from the one that connects users to Google services (Search, Gmail, YouTube, etc.). In the process of describing the new network, Hölzle also confirmed more about Google's making of its own networking equipment like <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">switches</a> for G-Scale; and said the company wanted, by being open about the changes, to "encourage the industry — hardware, software and ISP's — to look down this path and say, 'I can benefit from this.'" He said network utilization was nearing 100% of capacity, a dramatic efficiency improvement.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google's teams also heavily contributed to <a href="/wiki/Software-defined_networking" title="Software-defined networking">software-defined networking</a>, creating or contributing to key building blocks used in many networks today, including <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openconfig.net/">OpenConfig</a> for vendor-neutral, model-driven network management; <a href="/wiki/GRPC" title="GRPC">gRPC</a> for fast RPCs, <a href="/wiki/Protobuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Protobuf">protobuf</a> for data interchange, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opensource.google/projects/opentelemetry">OpenTelemetry</a> for tracing, and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://istio.io/">Istio</a> service mesh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloud_computing">Cloud computing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cloud computing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hölzle is credited with leading the creation of Google's internal cloud, including architecting clusters based on commodity servers,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distributed file systems,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cluster scheduling,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> software defined networking,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hardware reliability,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> processor design,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> custom ASICs for AI (<a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">TPUs</a>) and vide processing,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many more. One of the most notable events from this period was the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a>, a project funded by Hölzle.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google's internal cloud doesn't use virtualization, but product development on an external cloud platform started in 2014, leading to the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud Platform</a> in 2016. Hölzle is also credited with changing Google Cloud's engineering culture "to make the transition from niche cloud to enterprise class cloud".<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_work">Environmental work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Environmental work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, Hölzle announced that Google would be carbon neutral starting that year, using individually selected and monitored <a href="/wiki/Carbon_offset" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon offset">carbon offset</a> projects.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, Google started the RE<C initiative ("Renewable Energy less than (cheaper than) coal")<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to develop cheaper forms of renewable energy, but four years later Hölzle announced the end of that strategy, dropping development of "<a href="/wiki/Solar_thermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar thermal">solar thermal</a>" electricity (for example with <a href="/wiki/BrightSource_Energy" title="BrightSource Energy">BrightSource Energy</a>) because it was not keeping pace with the rapid price decline of another solar technology – <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaics" title="Photovoltaics">photovoltaics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google began buying renewable energy from new wind and solar farms to cover the energy needs for all its datacenters.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Hölzle received the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporateecoforum.com/c-k-prahalad-award/">CK Prahalad Award</a> "for bringing about innovations and radical efficiencies in data center technology and increasing corporate purchasing of renewable energy" and for "not only accelerating Google’s sustainability, [but] also cutting a path for other companies to follow suit.”<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While purchases initially were small, they created a market for corporate renewable energy purchases that has become very influential in driving the overall growth of renewable energy purchases. For example, SP Global reports that the top <a href="/wiki/Hyperscale_computing" title="Hyperscale computing">hyperscalers</a> (Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft) accounted for over 40% of contracted capacity during 2017-22.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 Google reached enough renewable energy to offset 100% of its usage<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and now is the world's largest corporate buyer of renewable energy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reaching 100% renewables at an annual average level, Google has pursued an additional focus on 24/7 carbon free energy, i.e., actually running on 100% renewable energy every hour of every day.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, seven Google datacenter regions reached 90% or more carbon-free energy, and thirteen reached more than 85%. Hölzle has widely been credited for favoring market based approaches, discouraging proprietary paths that would only benefit Google. As a result, organizations like the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cebuyers.org/">Clean Energy Buyers Alliance</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://247.eurelectric.org/">European 24/7 CFE Hub</a>, and the United Nations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gocarbonfree247.com/">24/7 Carbon-Free Energy Compact</a> now focus on enabling any company to pursue their own carbon-free energy goals. </p><p>In 2022, Hölzle was revealed as the primary investor behind the New Zealand based solar developer Helios which aims to build about 10 grid-connected solar farms across New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is a board member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">US World Wildlife Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_honors">Academic honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academic honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hölzle became a Fulbright scholar in 1988 and was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in 2013 for contributions to the design, operation, and energy efficiency of large-scale data centers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also is a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a> (2009),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">AAAS</a> (2017),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Academies_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences">Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Google_culture">Google culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Google culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Google's eighth employee and its first VP of Engineering, Hölzle shaped much of Google's development processes and infrastructure. In a book about the early days of Google, Doug Edwards credits him with defining much of Google's engineering and corporate culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, he is said to have instituted Google's practice of code reviews for every change, the culture of using blameless postmortems to learn from mistakes rather than find out whose fault it was,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a focus on using technical interviews to identify the best candidates. He recruited many of Google's early engineers, including <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dean" title="Jeff Dean">Jeff Dean</a>. </p><p>He was known for his self-deprecating humor; for example, his initial job title was Search Engine Mechanic "because everything was broken".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hölzle also influenced Google's office culture by bringing his dog Yoshka to work. In 2004 Yoshka even "authored" a blog post, and today Google declares itself a "dog company".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cafe in Building 43 of the <a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a> is named Yoshka's Cafe<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in honor of Google's first dog. </p><p>In July 2021 he was criticized<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a perceived 'hypocritical' approach to remote working; opposing it strongly for others, while relocating to New Zealand. However, shortly after Hölzle's transfer was announced, Google approved the large majority of employee applications, permitting 8,500 other employees to work remotely as well.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_H%C3%B6lzle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeydtaghia2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seydtaghia, Anouch (2022-06-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/economie/urs-holzle-google-devient-plus-plus-efficace">"Urs Hölzle: "Google devient de plus en plus efficace"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Urs Hölzle: "Google is becoming more and more efficient"]. <i>Le Temps</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1423-3967">1423-3967</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230920214046/https://www.letemps.ch/economie/urs-holzle-google-devient-plus-plus-efficace">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Temps&rft.atitle=Urs+H%C3%B6lzle%3A+%22Google+devient+de+plus+en+plus+efficace%22&rft.date=2022-06-19&rft.issn=1423-3967&rft.aulast=Seydtaghia&rft.aufirst=Anouch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.letemps.ch%2Feconomie%2Furs-holzle-google-devient-plus-plus-efficace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrs+H%C3%B6lzle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2011" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Douglas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.linkedin.com&rft.atitle=Urs+H%C3%B6lzle+on+LinkedIn%3A+I+wanted+to+share+some+thoughts+on+becoming+an+engineer+again+after+having%E2%80%A6+%7C+112+comments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fposts%2Furs-h%25C3%25B6lzle_i-wanted-to-share-some-thoughts-on-becoming-activity-7084997197989044224-W8Aq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrs+H%C3%B6lzle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller2023" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Ron (2023-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/12/google-cloud-infrastructure-head-urs-holzle-stepping-down/">"Google Cloud infrastructure head Urs Hölzle stepping down"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Biography at Google Research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internetnews.com/xSP/article.php/3487041">Peeking into Google</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.google.com/googlegulp/index.html">GoogleGulp</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/">Google's Datacenters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://environment.google/projects/announcement-100/">100% Renewable in 2017</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climatesaverscomputing.org/">Climate Savers Computing</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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