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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Forklaringer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forklaringer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Forklaringer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forklaringer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socialpsykologisk_tilgang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socialpsykologisk_tilgang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Socialpsykologisk tilgang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socialpsykologisk_tilgang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofisk_tilgang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofisk_tilgang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Filosofisk tilgang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filosofisk_tilgang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Filosofisk tilgang</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filosofisk_tilgang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relativ_ondskab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relativ_ondskab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Relativ ondskab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relativ_ondskab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolut_ondskab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolut_ondskab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Absolut ondskab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolut_ondskab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religiøs_tilgang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religiøs_tilgang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religiøs tilgang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religiøs_tilgang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondskab_som_tema_i_kunsten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondskab_som_tema_i_kunsten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ondskab som tema i kunsten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondskab_som_tema_i_kunsten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ondskab</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 71 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="شر – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91anqha" title="Ñanqha – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ñanqha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99r" title="Şər – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Яуызлыҡ – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яуызлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraot" title="Maraot – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Maraot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD" title="অশুভ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অশুভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldat" title="Maldat – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maldat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%95" title="خراپە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خراپە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Усал – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Усал" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_B%C3%B6se" title="Das Böse – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Das Böse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Κακό – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κακό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil" title="Evil – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Evil" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problemo_de_la_malbono" title="Problemo de la malbono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Problemo de la malbono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuri" title="Kuri – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaizki" title="Gaizki – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaizki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="شر – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahuus" title="Pahuus – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pahuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Mal (filosofía) – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mal (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91a%C3%B1a" title="Ñaña – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñaña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A2" title="רוע – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_(adjektif)" title="Mal (adjektif) – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mal (adjektif)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonosz" title="Gonosz – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gonosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Չարիք – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keburukan" title="Keburukan – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keburukan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajo" title="Malajo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Malajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illska" title="Illska – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Illska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male" title="Male – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Male" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AA" title="悪 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="悪" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%85" title="악 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malum_(ethica)" title="Malum (ethica) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Malum (ethica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogis" title="Blogis – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Blogis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BBaunums" title="Ļaunums – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ļaunums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratsy" title="Ratsy – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ratsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хорон сэтгэл – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хорон сэтгэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaadaardigheid" title="Kwaadaardigheid – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwaadaardigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vondskap" title="Vondskap – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vondskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondskap" title="Ondskap – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ondskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau" title="Mau – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਬੁਰਾਈ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਰਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau" title="Mau – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mau" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%82o" title="Zło – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zło" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83u" title="Rău – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rău" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Куһаҕан – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куһаҕан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil" title="Evil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvi" title="Uvi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uvi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shar" title="Shar – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_keqja" title="E keqja – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="E keqja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondska" title="Ondska – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ondska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ความชั่วร้าย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความชั่วร้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer" title="Şer – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81c" title="Ác – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B6" title="恶 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="უბადობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უბადობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%A1" title="שלעכטס – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שלעכטס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A1" title="惡 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="惡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A1" title="惡 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="惡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15292#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ondskab" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Ondskab" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ondskab"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ondskab"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Ondskab" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Ondskab" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&oldid=12001102" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Ondskab&id=12001102&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOndskab"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOndskab"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ondskab"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ondskab&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evil" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15292" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ondskab</b> er modsætningen til <a href="/wiki/Godhed_(filosofi)" title="Godhed (filosofi)">godhed</a>. Ondskab ytrer sig i handlinger, som bedømmes som <i><a href="/wiki/Moral" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral">umoralske</a></i> i særlig grad.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hvis begrebet bruges løst, kan ondskab være lig med almindelig dårlig opførsel, men som regel betegner det <i>ekstrem</i> umoralitet. Undertiden forstås det som en kraft, der driver moralsk forkerte handlinger, lejlighedsvis som en mytologisk grundkraft (<a href="/wiki/Dj%C3%A6velen" class="mw-redirect" title="Djævelen">Djævelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>), der påvirker mennesker og verdensbegivenheder.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eksempler på ondskab er <a href="/wiki/Forf%C3%B8lgelse" title="Forfølgelse">forfølgelse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">krig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massakre" title="Massakre">massakrer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mord" class="mw-redirect" title="Mord">mord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme">terror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vold_(handling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vold (handling)">vold</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur">tortur</a>. </p><p>En ond handling forstås som regel som en bevidst handling, der skader andre eller en selv. Den onde person har en <i>bevidst</i> hensigt om at skade. <i>Hensigten</i> er afgørende; man kan ikke <i>komme til</i> at udføre en ond handling. </p><p>Ondskab er ikke det samme som <a href="/wiki/Lidelse" title="Lidelse">lidelse</a>. Ondskab er et bevidst ønske om at skabe lidelse. Men lidelse kan eksistere uden at der ligger ondskab bag. Eksempler herpå er sygdomme og naturkatastrofer (sult, oversvømmelse, tørke, jordskælv). Et andet eksempel: Et uskyldigt skiselskab bliver offer for et sneskred, der bliver startet på toppen af bjerget af en person, der for sjov kaster med sten mod sneen, og som ikke har et ønske om at skabe lidelse. Heller ikke her er der tale om ondskab, højst om ubetænksomhed. </p><p>Undertiden bliver sygdomme og naturkatastrofer betegnet som "naturlig ondskab", men en sådan betegnelse er ikke strengt korrekt ifølge den ovenstående definition af ondskab. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forklaringer">Forklaringer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Forklaringer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Forklaringer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der findes flere forskellige definitioner af ondskab og dermed flere forskellige forklaringer på ondskab.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man bør vogte sig for forenklende forklaringer på ondskab. Hvis man finder en hjernesvulst i hovedet på en person, der har udsat andre for bestialske handlinger, så kan hjernesvulsten godt være en del af forklaringen på personens handlinger, men det vil sjældent være hele forklaringen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg/220px-Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg/330px-Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg/440px-Don%27t_Kid_Yourself...it%27s_Up_to_You._Stop_Him%5E_-_NARA_-_534297.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propagandaplakat</a> fra 2. verdenskrig mod <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eksempler på forenklende forklaringer er: </p> <ul><li>Den patologiske forklaring: Den onde handling skyldes en biologisk, fysiologisk eller neurologisk defekt.</li> <li>Forklaringen om, at mennesket er iboende ondt (<a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> bestemte mennesket som en synder).</li> <li>Forklaringen om, at ondskab har sit udspring i en autoritær opdragelse.</li> <li>Forklaringen om posttraumatiske belastningsreaktioner. Det er den forklaring, der ofte bruges, når krigsveteraner begår onde handlinger i fredstid.</li> <li>Forklaringen om svigt i barndommen.</li> <li>Forklaringen ud fra nationalkarakter. Det er den forklaring, der bruges, når man tilskriver en hel nation psykopatalogiske træk <i>-</i> f.eks. når man siger: "Alle tyskere lider af storhedsvanvid."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Socialpsykologisk_tilgang">Socialpsykologisk tilgang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Socialpsykologisk tilgang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Socialpsykologisk tilgang"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I en <a href="/wiki/Socialpsykologi" title="Socialpsykologi">socialpsykologisk</a> forståelsesramme kan ondskab beskrives som et almenmenneskeligt potentiale for at udføre handlinger, der er grænseoverskridende i forhold til de gældende sociale og kulturelle normer, og som har til formål at reducere andres livskvalitet (fysisk eller psykisk). Onde handlinger bestemmes som handlinger, der udføres uden medfølelse (empati) for de mennesker, de går ud over. </p><p>Ifølge denne definition er ondskab noget almenmenneskeligt. Det er principielt muligt for ethvert menneske at udføre onde handlinger. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofisk_tilgang">Filosofisk tilgang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Filosofisk tilgang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofisk tilgang"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6kere" title="Grækere">græske</a> filosof <a href="/wiki/Sokrates" title="Sokrates">Sokrates</a> (<a href="/wiki/469_f.Kr." title="469 f.Kr.">469 f.Kr.</a>–<a href="/wiki/399_f.Kr." title="399 f.Kr.">399 f.Kr.</a>) mente, at menneskets onde handlinger skyldes <i>uvidenhed</i>. Ifølge Sokrates var <a href="/wiki/Dyd" title="Dyd">dyd</a> og <a href="/wiki/Moral" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral">moral</a> viden. Den, der virkelig <i>ved</i>, hvad det gode er, vil også gøre det. Hvis man kender sig selv og verden tilstrækkeligt godt, så vil man gøre det gode.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ifølge den <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6kere" title="Grækere">græske</a> filosof <a href="/wiki/Plotin" title="Plotin">Plotin</a> (<a href="/wiki/204" title="204">204</a>-<a href="/wiki/270" title="270">270</a>), grundlæggeren af <a href="/wiki/Nyplatonisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyplatonisme">nyplatonismen</a>, er ondskab <i>fravær af godhed</i>. Plotin bruger begrebet <i>berøvelse</i> (på <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6sk_(sprog)" title="Græsk (sprog)">græsk</a>: "steresis") som forklaring på ondskab. I hans filosofi er <a href="/wiki/Stof_(fysik)" title="Stof (fysik)">materien</a> simpelthen blottet for kvalitet. Materien er yderligheden af berøvelse, ligesom fuldstændigt mørke er yderligheden af berøvelse af lys. </p><p>I menneskelivet opstår ondskab ved, at sjælen, som er god i sig selv, er trådt ind i en materiel krop og dermed er trådt ind i den grundlæggende mangelfuldhed, der kendetegner den materielle eksistens, siger Plotin. Det onde har ikke en selvstændig eksistens. Det eksisterer kun som mangel på det gode. Det gode har mest "væren" - er mest virkeligt. Det onde har mindst væren - ja, faktisk har det ingen væren i sig selv.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relativ_ondskab">Relativ ondskab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Relativ ondskab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Relativ ondskab"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I den filosofiske tilgang skelner man blandt andet mellem relativ ondskab og absolut ondskab. Relativ ondskab betegner handlinger, der bedømmes som onde ud fra en given tids eller kulturs normer. En handling, der betragtes som acceptabel på ét tidspunkt, kan betragtes som ond på et andet tidspunkt (tidsmæssige forskelle). En handling, der betragtes som acceptabel på ét sted, kan betragtes som ond på et andet sted (kulturelle forskelle). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolut_ondskab">Absolut ondskab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Absolut ondskab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Absolut ondskab"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Absolut ondskab er begrebet om en ondskab, der kvalitativt adskiller sig fra godhed. En ond handling vil i denne betydning aldrig være andet end ond – uanset tid eller kultur. Brugt på mennesker vil et 'ondt menneske' heller aldrig kunne være andet end ondt. Hvis der altså med "ondskab" menes absolut ondskab, så kan denne ondskab per definition ikke kureres, men kun bekæmpes. </p><p>En fordel ved en absolut brug af ondskabsbegrebet er, at et moralsk kodeks kan fremstilles meget mere simpelt, samt at mange grå områder, der kan føre til moralsk handlingslammelse, forsvinder. På den anden side går vigtige nuancer i handlingsbedømmelsen tabt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religiøs_tilgang"><span id="Religi.C3.B8s_tilgang"></span>Religiøs tilgang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Religiøs tilgang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Religiøs tilgang"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Devil_medium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Devil_medium.jpg/220px-Devil_medium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Devil_medium.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Ondskabens kilde identificeres i mange religionsformer med Djævelen. Illustration fra <a href="/wiki/1200-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1200-tallet">1200-tallet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kungliga_biblioteket" title="Kungliga biblioteket">Kungliga Biblioteket</a>, Stockholm.</figcaption></figure> <p>I mange religionsformer opfattes det onde som et lige så oprindeligt princip som det gode. Verden ses således som en kampplads mellem det gode og det onde.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Godhedens kilde er <a href="/wiki/Gud_(monoteistisk)" title="Gud (monoteistisk)">Gud</a>, mens ondskabens kilde er <i><a href="/wiki/Dj%C3%A6velen" class="mw-redirect" title="Djævelen">Djævelen</a></i>. Godt og ondt er absolutte modsætninger. Denne opfattelse ses f.eks. i den traditionelle <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristendom</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> og i <a href="/wiki/Manik%C3%A6isme" title="Manikæisme">manikæismen</a>. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">buddhismen</a> opfattes menneskets grundlæggende <i>begær</i> ("livstørsten" (<a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">pali</a>: tanha)) på en måde som "det onde" - det der fører til skuffelse og lidelse. Målet er at komme ud over begæret. Tilsvarende ses <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a> - udslukkelsen af begæret - som "det gode". </p><p>Den danske åndelige lærer <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Thomsen" title="Martinus Thomsen">Martinus</a> (<a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>-<a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>) siger, at der dybest set ikke findes noget ondt. Alt er <i>”såre godt”</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det såkaldt onde er – hvor vanskeligt det end kan være at forstå – et udtryk for Guds kærlighed. Martinus siger, ”<i>at mørke og lidelse kun er camoufleret kærlighed.</i>”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det såkaldt onde er godt, fordi det tjener et godt formål, nemlig oplevelsen af det gode. Det er ikke godt, fordi det i sig selv er <i>behageligt.</i> Tværtimod kan det – som alle ved - være meget ubehageligt. </p><p>Derfor taler Martinus om <i>”det behagelige gode”</i> og <i>”det ubehagelige gode”</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogeneret8_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogeneret8-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det hænger sammen med et grundlæggende princip i tilværelsen, nemlig <i>kontrastprincippet</i>. Dette princip siger, at eksistensen af kontraster er en nødvendig forudsætning for menneskets livsoplevelse. Et fænomen kan kun opleves, hvis det markeres af en eller anden kontrast til dette fænomen. Ja, faktisk eksisterer et fænomen kun i kraft af sine kontraster, siger Martinus. Det behagelige eksisterer kun i kraft af det ubehagelige. Mennesket kan kun opleve noget behageligt - sundhed, rigdom, glæde, lykke - på baggrund af noget ubehageligt - sygdom, fattigdom, smerte, lidelse.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ondskab_som_tema_i_kunsten">Ondskab som tema i kunsten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Ondskab som tema i kunsten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ondskab som tema i kunsten"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a>.</i> 1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_H%C3%A5fstr%C3%B6m" title="Mikael Håfström">Mikael Håfström</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ondskab_(film)" title="Ondskab (film)">Ondskan</a>.</i> 2003.</li> <li>Jonathan Glazer: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Zone_of_Interest" title="The Zone of Interest">The Zone of Interest</a>. 2023.</i></li></ul> <p><b>Biografiske beretninger:</b> </p> <ul><li>Primo Levi: <i>Hvis dette er et menneske.</i> 1947.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Guillou" title="Jan Guillou">Jan Guillou</a>: <i>Ondskaben.</i> 1981.</li></ul> <p><b>Skønlitteratur:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mads_Bren%C3%B8e" title="Mads Brenøe">Mads Brenøe</a>: <i>Så megen vrede.</i> 1993.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Easton_Ellis" title="Bret Easton Ellis">Bret Easton Ellis</a>: <a href="/wiki/American_Psycho" title="American Psycho"><i>American Psycho</i></a>. 1991.</li></ul> <p><b>Maleri:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Guernica_(maleri)" title="Guernica (maleri)">Guernica</a>.</i> 1937.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondskabens_akse" title="Ondskabens akse">Ondskabens akse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Evil". Oxford University Press. 2012. Arkiveret fra originalen 12. juli 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Ray Griffin (2004): God, Power, and Evil: a Process Theodicy, s. 31. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ervin Staub: Overcoming Evil: Genocide, violent Conflict, and Terrorism, s. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Sløk: Platon, s. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingolf U. Dalferth: Malum, s. 145–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaac. J Hulster (2009): Iconographic Exegesis and Third Isaiah, s.136–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martinus: Livets bog, bind 1, s. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martinus: Om min missions fødsel, s. 65-66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogeneret8-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogeneret8_9-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martinus: Livets bog, bind 1, s. 22 og s. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martinus: Logik, s. 68.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dalferth, Ingolf U. (2008): <i>Malum.</i> Tübingen 2008. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-3-16-149447-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-3-16-149447-5">978-3-16-149447-5</a></li> <li>Griffin, David Ray (2004): <i>God, Power, and Evil: a Process Theodicy</i>. Westminster. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-664-22906-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-664-22906-1"><bdi>978-0-664-22906-1</bdi></a>.</li> <li>Hulster, Isaac. J. (2009): <i>Iconographic Exegesis and Third Isaiah.</i> Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Heidelberg. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-3-16-150029-9" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-3-16-150029-9">978-3-16-150029-9</a></li> <li>Kuschel, Rolf; Zand, Faezeh; Øberg, Jan (2004): <i>Ondskabens psykologi: socialpsykologiske essays.</i> <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-7887-217-0" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-7887-217-0">87-7887-217-0</a></li> <li>Martinus: <i>Livets bog, bind 1</i>. København 1932.</li> <li>Martinus: <i>Logik.</i> Livets Bogs Bureau 1938.</li> <li>Martinus: <i>Omkring min missions fødsel</i>. Borgen 1988. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-418-7844-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-418-7844-2">87-418-7844-2</a></li> <li>Sløk, Johannes (2016 (1960)): <i>Platon</i>. Lindhardt og Ringhof. E-bogsudgave. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-11-62399-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-11-62399-2">978-87-11-62399-2</a></li> <li>Staub, Ervin: <i>Overcoming evil: genocide, violent conflict, and terrorism</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0195382048" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0195382048">0195382048</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondskab&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:45px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/75px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/100px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;">Se <a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="wikt:Forside">Wiktionarys</a> definition på ordet: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/evil" class="extiw" title="wikt:evil">evil</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:50px;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/75px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/100px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/da:Forside" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:da:Forside">Wikiquote</a> har citater relateret til: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> [[q:{{{1}}}|<i>Ondskab</i>]].</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Evil">Ondskab</a></b> </div></li> <li>Opslagsordet <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/concept-evil">Concept of Evl</a></i> fra <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i> af Todd Calder</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=90617&page=1">ABC News: Looking for Evil in Everyday Life</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501114400/http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20020101-000004.html">Psychology Today: Indexing Evil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00545g0">"Good and Evil"</a>, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Leszek Kolakowski and Galen Strawson (<i>In Our Time</i>, Apr. 1, 1999).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00547g3">"Evil"</a>, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Jones Erwin, Stefan Mullhall and Margaret Atkins (<i>In Our Time</i>, May 3, 2001)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>71 sprog</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon 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