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design.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Building design."> <meta name="keywords" content="Building design."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Building design."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5652</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Building design.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5652</span> Hotel Design and Energy Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bin%20Su">Bin Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hotel mainly uses its energy on water heating, space heating, refrigeration, space cooling, cooking, lighting and other building services. A number of 4-5 stars hotels in Auckland city are selected for this study. Comparing with the energy used for others, the energy used for the internal space thermal control (e.g. internal space heating) is more closely related to the hotel building itself. This study not only investigates relationship between annual energy (and winter energy) consumptions and building design data but also relationships between winter extra energy consumption and building design data. This study is to identify the major design factors that significantly impact hotel energy consumption for improving the future hotel design for energy efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hotel%20building%20design" title="Hotel building design">Hotel building design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%20energy" title=" building energy"> building energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%0Apassive%20design" title=" building passive design"> building passive design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20efficiency." title=" energy efficiency."> energy efficiency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/hotel-design-and-energy-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7976</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5651</span> Influence of Orientation in Complex Building Architecture in Various Climatic Regions in Winter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Alwetaishi">M. Alwetaishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Giulia%20Sonetti"> Giulia Sonetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>It is architecturally accepted that building form and design is considered as one of the most important aspects in affecting indoor temperature. The total area of building plan might be identical, but the design will have a major influence on the total area of external walls. This will have a clear impact on the amount of heat exchange with outdoor. Moreover, it will affect the position and area of glazing system. This has not received enough consideration in research by the specialists, since most of the publications are highlighting the impact of building envelope in terms of physical heat transfer in buildings. This research will investigate the impact of orientation of various building forms in various climatic regions. It will be concluded that orientation and glazing to wall ratio were recognized to be the most effective variables despite the shape of the building. However, linear ad radial forms were found more appropriate shapes almost across the continent.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Architectural%20building%20design" title="Architectural building design">Architectural building design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%20form" title=" building form"> building form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=indoor%20air%20temperature" title=" indoor air temperature"> indoor air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%20design%20in%20different%20climate." title=" building design in different climate."> building design in different climate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/influence-of-orientation-in-complex-building-architecture-in-various-climatic-regions-in-winter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5650</span> Impacts of Building Design Factors on Auckland School Energy Consumptions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bin%20Su">Bin Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study focuses on the impact of school building design factors on winter extra energy consumption which mainly includes space heating, water heating and other appliances related to winter indoor thermal conditions. A number of Auckland schools were randomly selected for the study which introduces a method of using real monthly energy consumption data for a year to calculate winter extra energy data of school buildings. The study seeks to identify the relationships between winter extra energy data related to school building design data related to the main architectural features, building envelope and elements of the sample schools. The relationships can be used to estimate the approximate saving in winter extra energy consumption which would result from a changed design datum for future school development, and identify any major energy-efficient design problems. The relationships are also valuable for developing passive design guides for school energy efficiency.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20energy%20efficiency" title="Building energy efficiency">Building energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20thermal%20design" title=" Building thermal design"> Building thermal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20thermal%20performance" title=" Building thermal performance"> Building thermal performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=School%20building%20design." title=" School building design."> School building design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/impacts-of-building-design-factors-on-auckland-school-energy-consumptions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1944</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5649</span> School Design and Energy Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Su">B. Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Auckland has a temperate climate with comfortable warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. An Auckland school normally does not need air conditioning for cooling during the summer and only need heating during the winter. The space hating energy is the major portion of winter school energy consumption and the winter energy consumption is major portion of annual school energy consumption. School building thermal design should focus on the winter thermal performance for reducing the space heating energy. A number of Auckland schools- design data and energy consumption data are used for this study. This pilot study investigates the relationships between their energy consumption data and school building design data to improve future school design for energy efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20energy%20efficiency" title="Building energy efficiency">Building energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%20thermal%0Aperformance" title=" building thermal performance"> building thermal performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=school%20building%20design" title=" school building design"> school building design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=school%20energy%20consumption" title=" school energy consumption"> school energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/school-design-and-energy-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1883</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5648</span> Defining a Pathway to Zero Energy Building: A Case Study on Retrofitting an Old Office Building into a Net Zero Energy Building for Hot-Humid Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kwame%20B.%20O.%20Amoah">Kwame B. O. Amoah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper focuses on retrofitting an old existing office building to a net-zero energy building (NZEB). An existing small office building in Melbourne, Florida, was chosen as a case study to integrate state-of-the-art design strategies and energy-efficient building systems to improve building performance and reduce energy consumption. The study aimed to explore possible ways to maximize energy savings and renewable energy generation sources to cover the building's remaining energy needs necessary to achieve net-zero energy goals. A series of retrofit options were reviewed and adopted with some significant additional decision considerations. Detailed processes and considerations leading to zero energy are well documented in this study, with lessons learned adequately outlined. Based on building energy simulations, multiple design considerations were investigated, such as emerging state-of-the-art technologies, material selection, improvements to the building envelope, optimization of the HVAC, lighting systems, and occupancy loads analysis, as well as the application of renewable energy sources. The comparative analysis of simulation results was used to determine how specific techniques led to energy saving and cost reductions. The research results indicate that this small office building can meet net-zero energy use after appropriate design manipulations and renewable energy sources.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20consumption" title="Energy consumption">Energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%20energy%20analysis" title=" building energy analysis"> building energy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20retrofits" title=" energy retrofits"> energy retrofits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy-efficiency." title=" energy-efficiency."> energy-efficiency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/defining-a-pathway-to-zero-energy-building-a-case-study-on-retrofitting-an-old-office-building-into-a-net-zero-energy-building-for-hot-humid-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5647</span> Geometric Simplification Method of Building Energy Model Based on Building Performance Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yan%20Lyu">Yan Lyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yiqun%20Pan"> Yiqun Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhizhong%20Huang"> Zhizhong Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the design stage of a new building, the energy model of this building is often required for the analysis of the performance on energy efficiency. In practice, a certain degree of geometric simplification should be done in the establishment of building energy models, since the detailed geometric features of a real building are hard to be described perfectly in most energy simulation engine, such as ESP-r, eQuest or EnergyPlus. Actually, the detailed description is not necessary when the result with extremely high accuracy is not demanded. Therefore, this paper analyzed the relationship between the error of the simulation result from building energy models and the geometric simplification of the models. Finally, the following two parameters are selected as the indices to characterize the geometric feature of in building energy simulation: the southward projected area and total side surface area of the building. Based on the parameterization method, the simplification from an arbitrary column building to a typical shape (a cuboid) building can be made for energy modeling. The result in this study indicates that no more than 7% prediction error of annual cooling/heating load will be caused by the geometric simplification for those buildings with the ratio of southward projection length to total perimeter of the bottom of 0.25~0.35, which means this method is applicable for building performance simulation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=building%20energy%20model" title="building energy model">building energy model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geometric%20simplification" title=" geometric simplification"> geometric simplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/geometric-simplification-method-of-building-energy-model-based-on-building-performance-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">624</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5646</span> Climate Adaptive Building Shells for Plus-Energy-Buildings, Designed on Bionic Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andreas%20Hammer">Andreas Hammer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Six peculiar architecture designs from the Frankfurt University will be discussed within this paper and their future potential of the adaptable and solar thin-film sheets implemented facades will be shown acting and reacting on climate/solar changes of their specific sites. The different aspects, as well as limitations with regard to technical and functional restrictions, will be named.  The design process for a “multi-purpose building”, a “high-rise building refurbishment” and a “biker’s lodge” on the river Rheine valley, has been critically outlined and developed step by step from an international studentship towards an overall energy strategy, that firstly had to push the design to a plus-energy building and secondly had to incorporate bionic aspects into the building skins design. Both main parameters needed to be reviewed and refined during the whole design process. Various basic bionic approaches have been given [e.g. solar ivy <sup>TM</sup>, flectofin <sup>TM</sup> or hygroskin<sup> TM</sup>, which were to experiment with, regarding the use of bendable photovoltaic thin film elements being parts of a hybrid, kinetic façade system.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy-strategy" title="Energy-strategy">Energy-strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photovoltaic%20in%20building%20skins" title=" photovoltaic in building skins"> photovoltaic in building skins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bionic%20and%20bioclimatic%20design" title=" bionic and bioclimatic design"> bionic and bioclimatic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plus-energy-buildings" title=" plus-energy-buildings"> plus-energy-buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solar%20gain" title=" solar gain"> solar gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=the%20harvesting%20fa%C3%A7ade" title=" the harvesting façade"> the harvesting façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable%20building%20concept" title=" sustainable building concept"> sustainable building concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high-efficiency%20building%20skin" title=" high-efficiency building skin"> high-efficiency building skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=climate%20adaptive%20Building%20Shells%20%28CABS%29." title=" climate adaptive Building Shells (CABS)."> climate adaptive Building Shells (CABS).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/climate-adaptive-building-shells-for-plus-energy-buildings-designed-on-bionic-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2784</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5645</span> Toward Sustainable Building Design in Hot and Arid Climate with Reference to Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Alwetaishi">M. Alwetaishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>One of the most common and traditional strategies in architecture is to design buildings passively. This is a way to ensure low building energy reliance with respect to specific micro-building locations. There are so many ways where buildings can be designed passively, some of which are applying thermal insulation, thermal mass, courtyard and glazing to wall ratio. This research investigates the impact of each of these aspects with respect to the hot and dry climate of the capital of Riyadh. Thermal Analysis Simulation (TAS) will be utilized which is powered by Environmental Design Simulation Limited company (EDSL). It is considered as one of the most powerful tools to predict energy performance in buildings. There are three primary building designs and methods which are using courtyard, thermal mass and thermal insulation. The same building size and fabrication properties have been applied to all designs. Riyadh city which is the capital of the country was taken as a case study of the research. The research has taken into account various zone directions within the building as it has a large contribution to indoor energy and thermal performance. It is revealed that it is possible to achieve nearly zero carbon building in the hot and dry region in winter with minimum reliance on energy loads for building zones facing south, west and east. Moreover, using courtyard is more beneficial than applying construction materials into building envelope. Glazing to wall ratio is recommended to be 10% and not exceeding 30% in all directions in hot and arid regions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sustainable%20buildings" title="Sustainable buildings">Sustainable buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hot%20and%20arid%20climates" title=" hot and arid climates"> hot and arid climates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=passive%20building%20design" title=" passive building design"> passive building design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia." title=" Saudi Arabia."> Saudi Arabia.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/toward-sustainable-building-design-in-hot-and-arid-climate-with-reference-to-riyadh-city-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5644</span> CO2 Emission and Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Frame Designed by Performance Based Design Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin%20Woo%20Hwang">Jin Woo Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Byung%20Kwan%20Oh"> Byung Kwan Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yousok%20Kim"> Yousok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyo%20Seon%20Park"> Hyo Seon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>As greenhouse effect has been recognized as serious environmental problem of the world, interests in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emission which comprises major part of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been increased recently. Since construction industry takes a relatively large portion of total CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions of the world, extensive studies about reducing CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions in construction and operation of building have been carried out after the 2000s. Also, performance based design (PBD) methodology based on nonlinear analysis has been robustly developed after Northridge Earthquake in 1994 to assure and assess seismic performance of building more exactly because structural engineers recognized that prescriptive code based design approach cannot address inelastic earthquake responses directly and assure performance of building exactly. Although CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions and PBD approach are recent rising issues on construction industry and structural engineering, there were few or no researches considering these two issues simultaneously. Thus, the objective of this study is to minimize the CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions and cost of building designed by PBD approach in structural design stage considering structural materials. 4 story and 4 span reinforced concrete building optimally designed to minimize CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions and cost of building and to satisfy specific seismic performance (collapse prevention in maximum considered earthquake) of building satisfying prescriptive code regulations using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Optimized design result showed that minimized CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions and cost of building were acquired satisfying specific seismic performance. Therefore, the methodology proposed in this paper can be used to reduce both CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions and cost of building designed by PBD approach.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title="CO2 emissions">CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20based%20design" title=" performance based design"> performance based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable%20design." title=" sustainable design."> sustainable design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/co2-emission-and-cost-optimization-of-reinforced-concrete-frame-designed-by-performance-based-design-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1867</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5643</span> Design Resilient Building Strategies in Face of Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yahya%20Alfraidi">Yahya Alfraidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdel%20Halim%20Boussabaine"> Abdel Halim Boussabaine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Climate change confronts the built environment with many new challenges in the form of more severe and frequent hydrometeorological events. A series of strategies is proposed whereby the various aspects of buildings and their sites can be made more resilient to the effects of such events.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Design%20resilience%20building" title="Design resilience building">Design resilience building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=resilience%20strategies" title=" resilience strategies"> resilience strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=climate%20change%20risks" title=" climate change risks"> climate change risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=design%20resilience%20aspects." title=" design resilience aspects."> design resilience aspects.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/design-resilient-building-strategies-in-face-of-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5642</span> Optimization of CO2 Emissions and Cost for Composite Building Design with NSGA-II</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ji%20Hyeong%20Park">Ji Hyeong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ji%20Hye%20Jeon"> Ji Hye Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyo%20Seon%20Park"> Hyo Seon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental pollution problems have been globally main concern in all fields including economy, society and culture into the 21st century. Beginning with the Kyoto Protocol, the reduction on the emissions of greenhouse gas such as CO2 and SOX has been a principal challenge of our day. As most buildings unlike durable goods in other industries have a characteristic and long life cycle, they consume energy in quantity and emit much CO2. Thus, for green building construction, more research is needed to reduce the CO2 emissions at each stage in the life cycle. However, recent studies are focused on the use and maintenance phase. Also, there is a lack of research on the initial design stage, especially the structure design. Therefore, in this study, we propose an optimal design plan considering CO2 emissions and cost in composite buildings simultaneously by applying to the structural design of actual building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-objective%20optimization" title="Multi-objective optimization">Multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title=" CO2 emissions"> CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structural%20cost" title=" structural cost"> structural cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=encased%20composite%20structure" title=" encased composite structure"> encased composite structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/optimization-of-co2-emissions-and-cost-for-composite-building-design-with-nsga-ii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5641</span> Future Housing Energy Efficiency Associated with the Auckland Unitary Plan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bin%20Su">Bin Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The draft Auckland Unitary Plan outlines the future land used for new housing and businesses with Auckland population growth over the next thirty years. According to Auckland Unitary Plan, over the next 30 years, the population of Auckland is projected to increase by one million, and up to 70% of total new dwellings occur within the existing urban area. Intensification will not only increase the number of median or higher density houses such as terrace house, apartment building, etc. within the existing urban area but also change mean housing design data that can impact building thermal performance under the local climate. Based on mean energy consumption and building design data, and their relationships of a number of Auckland sample houses, this study is to estimate the future mean housing energy consumption associated with the change of mean housing design data and evaluate housing energy efficiency with the Auckland Unitary Plan.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Auckland%20Unitary%20Plan" title="Auckland Unitary Plan">Auckland Unitary Plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20thermal%20design" title=" Building thermal design"> Building thermal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Housing%20design" title=" Housing design"> Housing design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Housing%20energy%20efficiency." title=" Housing energy efficiency."> Housing energy efficiency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/future-housing-energy-efficiency-associated-with-the-auckland-unitary-plan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2076</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5640</span> Structural Sustainability Techniques for RC High Rise Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Azab">Mohamed A. Azab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the early years of the 21st century, cities throughout the Middle East, particularly in the Gulf region have expanded more rapidly than ever before. Given the presence of a large volume of high-rise buildings allover the region, the local authority aims to set a new standard for sustainable development; with an integrated approach to maintain a balance between economy, quality, environmental protection and safety of life. In the very near future, as mandatory requirements, sustainability will be the criteria that should be included in all building projects. It is well known in the building sustainability topics that structural design engineers do not have a key role in this matter. In addition, the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) has looked almost exclusively on the environmental components and materials specifications. The objective of this paper is to focus and establish groundwork for sustainability techniques and applications related to the RC high-rise buildings design, from the structural point of view. A set of recommendations related to local conditions, structural modeling and analysis is given, and some helpful suggestions for structural design team work are addressed. This paper attempts to help structural engineers in identifying the building sustainability design, in order to meet local needs and achieve alternative solutions at an early stage of project design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building" title="Building">Building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Design" title=" Design"> Design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High-rise" title=" High-rise"> High-rise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Structural" title=" Structural"> Structural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sustainability." title="Sustainability.">Sustainability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/structural-sustainability-techniques-for-rc-high-rise-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5639</span> Study on Numerical Simulation Applied to Moisture Buffering Design Method – The Case Study of Pine Wood in a Single Zone Residential Unit in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.C.%20Yeh">Y.C. Yeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.S.%20Tsay"> Y.S. Tsay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.M.%20Chiang"> C.M. Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A good green building design project, designers should consider not only energy consumption, but also healthy and comfortable needs of inhabitants. In recent years, the Taiwan government paid attentions on both carbon reduction and indoor air quality issues, which be presented in the legislation of Building Codes and other regulations. Taiwan located in hot and humid climates, dampness in buildings leads to significant microbial pollution and building damage. This means that the high temperature and humidity present a serious indoor air quality issue. The interactions between vapor transfers and energy fluxes are essential for the whole building Heat Air and Moisture (HAM) response. However, a simulation tool with short calculation time, property accuracy and interface is needed for practical building design processes. In this research, we consider the vapor transfer phenomenon of building materials as well as temperature and humidity and energy consumption in a building space. The simulation bases on the EMPD method, which was performed by EnergyPlus, a simulation tool developed by DOE, to simulate the indoor moisture variation in a one-zone residential unit based on the Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Method, which is more suitable for practical building design processes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Effective%20Moisture%20Penetration%20Depth%20Method" title="Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Method">Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moisture%20Buffering%20Effect" title=" Moisture Buffering Effect"> Moisture Buffering Effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interior%20Material" title=" Interior Material"> Interior Material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Green%20Material" title=" Green Material"> Green Material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EnergyPlus" title=" EnergyPlus"> EnergyPlus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/study-on-numerical-simulation-applied-to-moisture-buffering-design-method-the-case-study-of-pine-wood-in-a-single-zone-residential-unit-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5638</span> Natural Ventilation as a Design Strategy for Energy Saving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zahra%20Ghiabaklou">Zahra Ghiabaklou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ventilation is a fundamental requirement for occupant health and indoor air quality in buildings. Natural ventilation can be used as a design strategy in free-running buildings to: • Renew indoor air with fresh outside air and lower room temperatures at times when the outdoor air is cooler. • Promote air flow to cool down the building structure (structural cooling). • Promote occupant physiological cooling processes (comfort cooling). This paper focuses on ways in which ventilation can provide the mechanism for heat dissipation and cooling of the building structure..It also discusses use of ventilation as a means of increasing air movement to improve comfort when indoor air temperatures are too high. The main influencing factors and design considerations and quantitative guidelines to help meet the design objectives are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Natural%20Ventilation" title="Natural Ventilation">Natural Ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sustainable%20Building" title=" Sustainable Building"> Sustainable Building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Passive%20Cooling" title=" Passive Cooling"> Passive Cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20Saving" title=" Energy Saving"> Energy Saving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/natural-ventilation-as-a-design-strategy-for-energy-saving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2676</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5637</span> Multi-Agent Simulation of Wayfinding for Rescue Operation during Building Fire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Sokhansefat">G. Sokhansefat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Delavar"> M. Delavar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Banedj-Schafii"> M. Banedj-Schafii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently research on human wayfinding has focused mainly on mental representations rather than processes of wayfinding. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the rationality behind applying multi-agent simulation paradigm to the modeling of rescuer team wayfinding in order to develop computational theory of perceptual wayfinding in crisis situations using image schemata and affordances, which explains how people find a specific destination in an unfamiliar building such as a hospital. The hypothesis of this paper is that successful navigation is possible if the agents are able to make the correct decision through well-defined cues in critical cases, so the design of the building signage is evaluated through the multi-agent-based simulation. In addition, a special case of wayfinding in a building, finding one-s way through three hospitals, is used to demonstrate the model. Thereby, total rescue time for rescue operation during building fire is computed. This paper discuses the computed rescue time for various signage localization and provides experimental result for optimization of building signage design. Therefore the most appropriate signage design resulted in the shortest total rescue time in various situations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-Agent%20system%20%28MAS%29" title="Multi-Agent system (MAS)">Multi-Agent system (MAS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spatial%20Cognition" title=" Spatial Cognition"> Spatial Cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wayfinding" title=" Wayfinding"> Wayfinding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Indoor%20Environment" title=" Indoor Environment"> Indoor Environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geospatial%20Information%20System%0A%28GIS%29." title=" Geospatial Information System (GIS)."> Geospatial Information System (GIS).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/multi-agent-simulation-of-wayfinding-for-rescue-operation-during-building-fire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5636</span> Improvement of Ventilation and Thermal Comfort Using the Atrium Design for Traditional Folk Houses-Fujian Earthen Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ying-Ming%20Su">Ying-Ming Su </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fujian earthen building which was known as a classic for ecological buildings was listed on the world heritage in 2008 (UNESCO) in China. Its design strategy can be applied to modern architecture planning and design. This study chose two different cases (Round Atrium: Er-Yi Building, Double Round Atrium: Zhen-Chen Building) of earthen building in Fu-Jian to compare the ventilation effects of different atrium forms. We adopt field measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of temperature, humidity, and wind environment to identify the relationship between external environment and atrium about comfort and to confirm the relationship about atrium H/W (height/width). Results indicate that, through the atrium convection effect, it makes the natural wind guides to each space surrounded and keeps indoor comfort. It illustrates that the smaller the ratio of the H/W which is the relationship between the height and the width of an atrium is, the greater the wind speed generated within the street valley. Moreover, the wind speed is very close to the reference wind speed. This field measurement verifies that the value of H/W has great influence of solar radiation heat and sunshine shadows. The ventilation efficiency is: Er-Yi Building (H/W =0.2778) > Zhen-Chen Building (H/W=0.3670). Comparing the cases with the same shape but with different H/W, through the different size patios, airflow revolves in the atriums and can be brought into each interior space. The atrium settings meet the need of building ventilation, and can adjust the humidity and temperature within the buildings. It also creates good ventilation effect.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Traditional%20folk%20houses" title="Traditional folk houses">Traditional folk houses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atrium" title=" Atrium"> Atrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Earthen%20building" title=" Earthen building"> Earthen building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ventilation" title=" Ventilation"> Ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20microclimate" title=" Building microclimate"> Building microclimate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PET." title=" PET."> PET.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/improvement-of-ventilation-and-thermal-comfort-using-the-atrium-design-for-traditional-folk-houses-fujian-earthen-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5635</span> Consideration of Criteria of Vibration Comfort of People in Diagnosis and Design of Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kawecki%20J.">Kawecki J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kowalska-Koczwara%20A."> Kowalska-Koczwara A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stypula%20K."> Stypula K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing influence of traffic on building objects and people residing in them should be taken into account in diagnosis and design. Users of buildings expect that vibrations occurring in their environment, will not only lead to damage to the building or its accelerated wear, but neither would affect the required comfort in rooms designed to accommodate people. This article describes the methods and principles useful in designing and building diagnostics located near transportation routes, with particular emphasis on the impact of traffic vibration on people in buildings. It also describes the procedures used in obtaining information about the parameters of vibrations in different cases of diagnostics and design. A universal algorithm of procedure in diagnostics and design of buildings taking into account assurance of human vibration comfort of people residing in the these buildings was presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diagnostics" title="diagnostics">diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=influence%20of%20public%20transport" title=" influence of public transport"> influence of public transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=influence%20of%20vibrations%20on%20humans" title="influence of vibrations on humans">influence of vibrations on humans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transport%20vibrations" title=" transport vibrations"> transport vibrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/consideration-of-criteria-of-vibration-comfort-of-people-in-diagnosis-and-design-of-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/20.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5634</span> Structural Optimization Method for 3D Reinforced Concrete Building Structure with Shear Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Nikzad">H. Nikzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Yoshitomi"> S. Yoshitomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, an optimization procedure is applied for 3D Reinforced concrete building structure with shear wall.  In the optimization problem, cross sections of beams, columns and shear wall dimensions are considered as design variables and the optimal cross sections can be derived to minimize the total cost of the structure. As for final design application, the most suitable sections are selected to satisfy ACI 318-14 code provision based on static linear analysis. The validity of the method is examined through numerical example of 15 storied 3D RC building with shear wall.  This optimization method is expected to assist in providing a useful reference in design early stage, and to be an effective and powerful tool for structural design of RC shear wall structures.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Structural%20optimization" title="Structural optimization">Structural optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20static%20analysis" title=" linear static analysis"> linear static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ETABS" title=" ETABS"> ETABS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RC%20moment%20frame" title=" RC moment frame"> RC moment frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RC%20shear%20wall%20structures." title=" RC shear wall structures. "> RC shear wall structures. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/structural-optimization-method-for-3d-reinforced-concrete-building-structure-with-shear-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5633</span> Building Design to Save Lives when Earthquake May Strike the City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tejinder%20Singh">Tejinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>When earthquakes strike the city it results in great loss of lives. The present paper talks about a new innovative design system (MegEifel) for buildings which has a mechanism to mitigate deaths in case any earthquake strikes the city. If buildings will be designed according to MegEifel design then the occupants of the building will be safe even when they are in sleep or are doing day wise activities during the time earthquake strikes. The core structure is suggested to be designed on the principle that more deep the foundations are, the harder it is to uproot the structure. The buildings will have an Eifel rod dug deep into earth which will help save lives in tall buildings when earthquake strikes. This design takes a leverage of protective shells to save lives.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Structure" title="Structure">Structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MegEifel" title=" MegEifel"> MegEifel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Save" title=" Save"> Save</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Life" title=" Life"> Life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Earthquake" title=" Earthquake"> Earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Design" title=" Design"> Design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/building-design-to-save-lives-when-earthquake-may-strike-the-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5632</span> Embodied Carbon Footprint of Existing Malaysian Green Homes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahanim%20Abdul%20Rashid">Fahanim Abdul Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Azzam%20Ismail"> Muhammad Azzam Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Part and parcel of building green homes (GHs) with favorable thermal comfort (TC) is to design and build with reduced carbon footprint (CF) from embodied energy in the building envelope and reduced operational CF overall. Together, the environmental impact of GHs can be reduced significantly. Nevertheless, there is still a need to identify the base CF value for Malaysian GHs and this can be done by assessing existing ones which can then be compared to conventional and vernacular houses which are built differently with different building materials. This paper underlines the research design and introduces the case studies. For now, the operational CF of the case studies is beyond the scope of this study. Findings from this research could identify the best building material and construction technique combination to build GHs depending on the available skills, financial constraints and the condition of the immediate environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Embodied%20carbon%20footprint" title="Embodied carbon footprint">Embodied carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysian%20green%20homes." title=" Malaysian green homes."> Malaysian green homes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/embodied-carbon-footprint-of-existing-malaysian-green-homes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5631</span> Cost Optimization of Concentric Braced Steel Building Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Balogh">T. Balogh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20G.%20Vigh"> L. G. Vigh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seismic design may require non-conventional concept, due to the fact that the stiffness and layout of the structure have a great effect on the overall structural behaviour, on the seismic load intensity as well as on the internal force distribution. To find an economical and optimal structural configuration the key issue is the optimal design of the lateral load resisting system. This paper focuses on the optimal design of regular, concentric braced frame (CBF) multi-storey steel building structures. The optimal configurations are determined by a numerical method using genetic algorithm approach, developed by the authors. Aim is to find structural configurations with minimum structural cost. The design constraints of objective function are assigned in accordance with Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 8 guidelines. In this paper the results are presented for various building geometries, different seismic intensities, and levels of energy dissipation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dissipative%20Structures" title="Dissipative Structures">Dissipative Structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm" title=" Genetic Algorithm"> Genetic Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seismic%20Effects" title=" Seismic Effects"> Seismic Effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Structural%20Optimization." title=" Structural Optimization."> Structural Optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/cost-optimization-of-concentric-braced-steel-building-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3013</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5630</span> Field Study for Evaluating Winter Thermal Performance of Auckland School Buildings </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bin%20Su">Bin Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Auckland has a temperate climate with comfortable warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. An Auckland school normally does not need air conditioning for cooling during the summer and only needs heating during the winter. The Auckland school building thermal design should more focus on winter thermal performance and indoor thermal comfort for energy efficiency. This field study of testing indoor and outdoor air temperatures, relative humidity and indoor surface temperatures of three classrooms with different envelopes were carried out in the Avondale College during the winter months in 2013. According to the field study data, this study is to compare and evaluate winter thermal performance and indoor thermal conditions of school buildings with different envelopes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20mass%20effect" title=" Building mass effect"> Building mass effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20thermal%20comfort" title=" Building thermal comfort"> Building thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20thermal%20performance" title=" Building thermal performance"> Building thermal performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=School%20building." title=" School building. "> School building. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/field-study-for-evaluating-winter-thermal-performance-of-auckland-school-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1868</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5629</span> Building Facade Study in Lahijan City, Iran: The Impact of Facade's Visual Elements on Historical Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Utaberta">N. Utaberta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Jalali"> A. Jalali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Johar"> S. Johar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Surat"> M. Surat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20I.%20Che-Ani"> A. I. Che-Ani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Buildings are considered as significant part in the cities, which plays main role in organization and arrangement of city appearance, which is affects image of that building facades, as an connective between inner and outer space, have a main role in city image and they are classified as rich image and poor image by people evaluation which related to visual architectural and urban elements in building facades. the buildings in Karimi street , in Lahijan city where, lies in north of Iran, contain the variety of building's facade types which, have made a city image in Historical part of Lahijan city, while reflected the Iranian cities identity. The study attempt to identify the architectural and urban elements that impression the image of building facades in historical area, based on public evaluation. Quantitative method were used and the data was collected through questionnaire survey, the result presented architectural style, color, shape, and design evaluated by people as most important factor which should be understate in future development. in fact, the rich architectural style with strong design make strong city image as weak design make poor city image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%27s%20facade" title="Building's facade">Building's facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=historical%20area." title=" historical area."> historical area.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/building-facade-study-in-lahijan-city-iran-the-impact-of-facades-visual-elements-on-historical-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3910</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5628</span> Role of Facade in Sustainability Enhancement of Contemporary Iranian Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Nejadriahi">H. Nejadriahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A growing demand for sustainability makes sustainability as one of the significant debates of nowadays. Energy saving is one of the main criteria to be considered in the context of sustainability. Reducing energy use in buildings is one of the most important ways to reduce humans’ overall environmental impact. Taking this into consideration, study of different design strategies, which can assist in reducing energy use and subsequently improving the sustainability level of today's buildings would be an essential task. The sustainability level of a building is highly affected by the sustainability performance of its components. One of the main building components, which can have a great impact on energy saving and sustainability level of the building, is its facade. The aim of this study is to investigate on the role of facade in sustainability enhancement of the contemporary buildings of Iran. In this study, the concept of sustainability in architecture, the building facades, and their relationship to sustainability are explained briefly. Following that, a number of contemporary Iranian buildings are discussed and analyzed in terms of different design strategies used in their facades in accordance to the sustainability concepts. The methods used in this study are descriptive and analytic. The results of this paper would assist in generating a wider vision and a source of inspiration for the current designers to design and create environmental and sustainable buildings for the future.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20facade" title="Building facade">Building facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=contemporary%20buildings" title=" contemporary buildings"> contemporary buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainability." title=" sustainability."> sustainability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/role-of-facade-in-sustainability-enhancement-of-contemporary-iranian-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">989</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5627</span> Incorporating Circular Economy into Passive Design Strategies in Tropical Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noah%20G.%20Akhimien">Noah G. Akhimien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eshrar%20Latif"> Eshrar Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The natural environment is in need for an urgent rescue due to dilapidation and recession of resources. Passive design strategies have proven to be one of the effective ways to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and to improve building performance. On the other hand, there is a huge drop in material availability due to poor recycling culture. Consequently, building waste pose environmental hazard due to unrecycled building materials from construction and deconstruction. Buildings are seen to be material banks for a circular economy, therefore incorporating circular economy into passive housing will not only safe guide the climate but also improve resource efficiency. The study focuses on incorporating a circular economy in passive design strategies for an affordable energy and resource efficient residential building in Nigeria. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration is still on the increase as buildings are responsible for a significant amount of this emission globally. Therefore, prompt measures need to be taken to combat the effect of global warming and associated threats. Nigeria is rapidly growing in human population, resources on the other hand have receded greatly, and there is an abrupt need for recycling even in the built environment. It is necessary that Nigeria responds to these challenges effectively and efficiently considering building resource and energy. Passive design strategies were assessed using simulations to obtain qualitative and quantitative data which were inferred to case studies as it relates to the Nigeria climate. Building materials were analysed using the ReSOLVE model in order to explore possible recycling phase. This provided relevant information and strategies to illustrate the possibility of circular economy in passive buildings. The study offers an alternative approach, as it is the general principle for the reworking of an economy on ecological lines in passive housing and by closing material loops in circular economy.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building" title="Building">Building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=passive%20design" title=" passive design"> passive design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainability." title=" sustainability."> sustainability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/incorporating-circular-economy-into-passive-design-strategies-in-tropical-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">739</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5626</span> CFD Simulations to Examine Natural Ventilation of a Work Area in a Public Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=An-Shik%20Yang">An-Shik Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chiang-Ho%20Cheng"> Chiang-Ho Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jen-Hao%20Wu"> Jen-Hao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Hsuan%20Juan"> Yu-Hsuan Juan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Natural ventilation has played an important role for many low energy-building designs. It has been also noticed as a essential subject to persistently bring the fresh cool air from the outside into a building. This study carried out the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations to examine the natural ventilation development of a work area in a public building. The simulated results can be useful to better understand the indoor microclimate and the interaction of wind with buildings. Besides, this CFD simulation procedure can serve as an effective analysis tool to characterize the airing performance, and thereby optimize the building ventilation for strengthening the architects, planners and other decision makers on improving the natural ventilation design of public buildings.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFD%20simulations" title="CFD simulations">CFD simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Natural%20ventilation" title=" Natural ventilation"> Natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microclimate" title=" Microclimate"> Microclimate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wind%20environment." title=" Wind environment."> Wind environment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/cfd-simulations-to-examine-natural-ventilation-of-a-work-area-in-a-public-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3751</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5625</span> Enhancement of Visual Comfort Using Parametric Double Skin Façades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Ashraf%20Khamis">Ahmed Ashraf Khamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sherif%20A.%20Ibrahim"> Sherif A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmoud%20ElKhatieb"> Mahmoud ElKhatieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Barakat"> Mohamed A. Barakat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Parametric design deemed to be one of icons of the modern architectural trends that facilitates taking complex design decisions counting on altering various design parameters. Double skin façades are one of the parametric applications that are used in parametric designs. This paper opts to enhance different daylight parameters of a selected case study office building in Cairo using a parametric double skin façade. First, the design and optimization process was executed utilizing Grasshopper parametric design software package, in which the daylighting performance of the base case building model was compared with the one used in the double façade showing an enhancement in task plane illuminance by 180%. Second, execution drawings are made for the optimized design using Revit software. Finally, computerized digital fabrication stages of the designed model with various scales are demonstrated to reach the final design decisions using Simplify 3D for mock-up digital fabrication. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parametric%20design" title="Parametric design">Parametric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Double%20skin%20fa%C3%A7ades" title=" Double skin façades"> Double skin façades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20Fabrication" title=" Digital Fabrication"> Digital Fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grasshopper" title=" Grasshopper"> Grasshopper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simplify%203D." title=" Simplify 3D."> Simplify 3D.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/enhancement-of-visual-comfort-using-parametric-double-skin-facades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5624</span> Energy Efficient Plant Design Approaches: Case Study of the Sample Building of the Energy Efficiency Training Facilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Idil%20Kanter%20Otcu">Idil Kanter Otcu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, due to the growing problems of energy supply and the drastic reduction of natural non-renewable resources, the development of new applications in the energy sector and steps towards greater efficiency in energy consumption are required. Since buildings account for a large share of energy consumption, increasing the structural density of buildings causes an increase in energy consumption. This increase in energy consumption means that energy efficiency approaches to building design and the integration of new systems using emerging technologies become necessary in order to curb this consumption. As new systems for productive usage of generated energy are developed, buildings that require less energy to operate, with rational use of resources, need to be developed. One solution for reducing the energy requirements of buildings is through landscape planning, design and application. Requirements such as heating, cooling and lighting can be met with lower energy consumption through planting design, which can help to achieve more efficient and rational use of resources. Within this context, rather than a planting design which considers only the ecological and aesthetic features of plants, these considerations should also extend to spatial organization whereby the relationship between the site and open spaces in the context of climatic elements and planting designs are taken into account. In this way, the planting design can serve an additional purpose. In this study, a landscape design which takes into consideration location, local climate morphology and solar angle will be illustrated on a sample building project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20efficiency" title="Energy efficiency">Energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=landscape%20design" title=" landscape design"> landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plant%20design" title=" plant design"> plant design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=xeriscape%20landscape." title=" xeriscape landscape."> xeriscape landscape.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/energy-efficient-plant-design-approaches-case-study-of-the-sample-building-of-the-energy-efficiency-training-facilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1804</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5623</span> Wind Load Characteristics in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20B.%20Abohedma">Mohammed B. Abohedma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Milad%20M.%20Alshebani"> Milad M. Alshebani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent trends in building constructions in Libya are more toward tall (high-rise) building projects. As a consequence, a better estimation of the lateral loading in the design process is becoming the focal of a safe and cost effective building industry. Byin- large, Libya is not considered a potential earthquake prone zone, making wind is the dominant design lateral loads. Current design practice in the country estimates wind speeds on a mere random bases by considering certain factor of safety to the chosen wind speed. Therefore, a need for a more accurate estimation of wind speeds in Libya was the motivation behind this study. Records of wind speed data were collected from 22 metrological stations in Libya, and were statistically analysed. The analysis of more than four decades of wind speed records suggests that the country can be divided into four zones of distinct wind speeds. A computer “survey" program was manipulated to draw design wind speeds contour map for the state of Libya. The paper presents the statistical analysis of Libya-s recorded wind speed data and proposes design wind speed values for a 50-year return period that covers the entire country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ccontour%20map" title="Ccontour map">Ccontour map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=return%20period" title=" return period"> return period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wind%20speed" title=" wind speed"> wind speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20zone." title=" and zone."> and zone.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3585/wind-load-characteristics-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3585/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3585/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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