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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radboud University Nijmegen</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Radboud_University_Nijmegen" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Radboud University </b>(abbreviated as <b>RU</b>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Radboud Universiteit</i>, formerly <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>. RU has seven faculties and more than 24,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Radboud University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname"><span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Radboud Universiteit</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Radboud_University.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Logo_Radboud_University.svg/160px-Logo_Radboud_University.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Logo_Radboud_University.svg/240px-Logo_Radboud_University.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Logo_Radboud_University.svg/320px-Logo_Radboud_University.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="400"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Catholic University of Nijmegen (1923-2004)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>In Dei Nomine Feliciter</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Happily in God's name</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">17 October 1923<span class="noprint">; 101 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1923-10-17</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_van_Huffelen" title="Alexandra van Huffelen">Alexandra van Huffelen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data">José Sanders</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,467 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,735 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">24,104 (October 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state">Gelderland</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e3000b; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Traffic_red_(RAL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic red (RAL)">Red Impact</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a> <br> <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Catholic_Universities" title="International Federation of Catholic Universities">IFCU</a> <br> <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities">Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities</a> <br> <a href="/wiki/VSNU" class="mw-redirect" title="VSNU">VSNU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ru.nl/en">www<wbr></wbr>.ru<wbr></wbr>.nl<wbr></wbr>/en</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Radboud_Universiteit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Radboud_Universiteit.jpg/220px-Radboud_Universiteit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Radboud_Universiteit.jpg/330px-Radboud_Universiteit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Radboud_Universiteit.jpg/440px-Radboud_Universiteit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="226"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Established in 1923, Radboud University has consistently been included in the top 150 of universities in the world by four major university ranking tables. As of 2020, it ranks 105th in the Shanghai <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, RU is known for its strong research output. In 2020, 391 PhD degrees were awarded, and 8,396 scientific articles were published.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To bolster the international exchange of academic knowledge, Radboud University joined the <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities">Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities</a> in 2016. </p><p>Among its alumni Radboud University counts 14 <a href="/wiki/Spinoza_Prize" title="Spinoza Prize">Spinoza Prize</a> laureates, 2 <a href="/wiki/Stevin_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevin Prize">Stevin Prize</a> laureates, 1 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureate, Sir <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 5 <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of prime ministers of the Netherlands">prime-ministers of the Netherlands</a>, including the current prime-minister <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a>. Other notable alumni include former chairman of Unilever <a href="/wiki/Marijn_Dekkers" title="Marijn Dekkers">Marijn Emmanuel Dekkers</a>, influential priest and theologian <a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a>, biologist <a href="/wiki/Frans_de_Waal" title="Frans de Waal">Frans de Waal</a> and First Vice-President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a>. Former students have also won 3 Olympic medals since 2000, all in rowing. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Coat_of_arms"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Coat of arms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#University_in_times_of_war"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">University in times of war</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#1945_%E2%80%93_2000"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">1945 – 2000</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#2000_%E2%80%93_now"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">2000 – now</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Faculties"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Faculties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Campus"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Campus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Academics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Academics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#International_master's_programs"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">International master's programs</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Research"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Research</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#University_ranking"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">University ranking</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Radboud_Excellence_Initiative"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Radboud Excellence Initiative</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Student_life"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Student life</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Student_associations"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Student associations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Study_associations"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Study associations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Campus_publications"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Campus publications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Athletics"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Athletics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notable_alumni"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notable alumni</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Academics_2"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Academics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Business"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Business</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Literature"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Literature</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Notable_faculty"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notable faculty</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Coat of arms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png/80px-Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png/80px-Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png" data-width="80" data-height="113" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png/120px-Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png/160px-Radboud_Universiteit_Wapen_in_kleur.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Radboud University's coat of arms was designed at the time of the founding of the university by the goldsmith workshop of the Brom family in Utrecht. The lower part represents the coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Catholic Church in the Netherlands">Catholic Church in the Netherlands</a>. The dove in the upper part of the coat of arms is the symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>. The entire shield is surmounted by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire">Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire</a> because Nijmegen was once home to Frankish King <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>. Underneath the coat of arms one finds the university's motto "In Dei Nomine Feliciter",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "happily in the name of God". The coat of arms is used on most of the university's official documents, including the university's bachelor, master and PhD certificates. For 2023 a special version of the coat of arms was designed to celebrate Radboud University's 100 year anniversary. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The establishment of a university in the city of Nijmegen goes far back. The first <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nijmegen_(1655%E2%80%9380)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nijmegen (1655–80)">University of Nijmegen</a> was founded in 1655 as the <i>Kwartierlijke Academie van Nijmegen</i>. Students developed their skills in the traditional fields of theology, medicine and law. Although the university had its successes, the <i>Kwartierlijke Academie</i> terminated around 1680. The university was unable to recover from successive outbreaks of the <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Dutch_War" title="Franco-Dutch War">French invasion of the Netherlands</a> in 1672. </p><p> After several attempts to establish a new university in Nijmegen, the current Radboud University Nijmegen was established in 1923 under the name <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen</i></span> (Catholic University of Nijmegen). It was founded by the Saint Radboud Foundation, a network of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> that wished to <a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">emancipate</a> Catholic intellectuals in the Netherlands. At the time, Dutch Roman Catholics were disadvantaged and occupied almost no higher posts in governmental and scientific institutions. The establishment of a university was seen as a possible stepping stone for these individuals. </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg/231px-Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1634" data-file-height="1042"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 231px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg/231px-Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg" data-width="231" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg/347px-Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg/462px-Opening_RKUN_1923.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The official opening of the Catholic University of Nijmegen in 1923. The <a href="/wiki/Bedel" title="Bedel">academic beadle</a> walks with the new <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professors</a> to Saint Ignatius' Church.</figcaption></figure><p> When the Catholic University of Nijmegen was founded, every student automatically became part of student corporation N.S.V. Carolus Magnus [<a href="/w/index.php?title=N.S.V._Carolus_Magnus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N.S.V. Carolus Magnus (page does not exist)">nl</a>], named after the Frankish king, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, who used to reside in Nijmegen in the Middle Ages. This organization was set up to speak for student needs and to organize an annual <a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">induction ceremony</a>. It also aimed at attaining the same status as other corporations in the well-known Dutch student cities of <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>. To the horror of the Catholic University's management, Carolus Magnus also pursued the same <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">elitist</a> character as these other corporations. Still, it continued developing and students eagerly participated. In the 1920s it produced its own <i>sociëteiten</i>: male students became part of Gentleman's Roland Society (1928) and female students joined the Ladies Society Lumen Ducet (1929). Some students of these <i>sociëteiten</i> banded together in smaller communities called <i>disputen</i>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_in_times_of_war">University in times of war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: University in times of war" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The first years after the establishment of 1923 were quite successful for the Catholic University of Nijmegen, but during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> the young university encountered serious difficulties. Many prominent members were lost, among them the anti-Nazi professors <a href="/wiki/Robert_Regout_(Jesuit)" title="Robert Regout (Jesuit)">Robert Regout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a> who were deported to <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camp</a> and died there. As the war progressed, the university was more severely curtailed in its freedoms. The German Sicherheitsdienst (security service) removed so-called "anti-German works" from the university library. In addition, professors could only be appointed after approval by the Nazi Department of Education, Science and Cultural Protection. Such measures aimed at eventually eliminating religious institutions of higher education. There would be no place for a Catholic university in a nazified Netherlands. </p><p>In March and April 1943, the conflict with the Nazi occupying forces reached a boiling point. The occupiers demanded that all students in the Netherlands sign a declaration of loyalty. If they did not, they were not allowed to continue their studies and had to work in Germany as forced laborers. However, students in Nijmegen showed to be resistant to the German demands. At the risk of his own life, law student Jozef van Hövelleven launched a widespread campaign to get as many students as possible not to sign. </p><p>The university's <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">rector magnificus</a> at that time, Bernard Hermesdorf, decided to show solidarity with students like Jozef van Hövell. As the only Dutch rector in the Netherlands he refused, for "reasons of principle", to distribute pre-printed loyalty statements to his students. Although heroic, Hermesdorf's refusal led to extreme anger among the occupying Nazi forces. On 5 May 1943, the Germans demanded all Nijmegen's non-signatories of the loyalty statement to report to <a href="/wiki/Ommen" title="Ommen">Ommen</a> within 24 hours to be put to work in Germany. If they did not, their families would be held responsible. These circumstances left rector magnificus Bernard Hermesdorf with no choice but to close the doors of the university as of 11 April 1943, pending better times. Eventually, only 83 students decided to report to the Germans in Ommen. Most of the students went into hiding, scattered across the Netherlands. The great spider in the web during that time was university moderator Bernard van Ogtrop, who traveled all over the country to visit students from Nijmegen in hiding. He wrote circulars, took care of a wide-ranging correspondence, and ran a parcel service and thus managed to keep many people's spirits up. The university was closed, but thanks to Van Ogtrop it continued to exist, if only in the minds of the students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945_–_2000"><span id="1945_.E2.80.93_2000"></span>1945 – 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1945 – 2000" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When the war ended in 1945, the university infrastructure had been largely destroyed, but students still returned to their <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a> in dribs and drabs. Classes officially resumed again in March 1946, but because many university buildings had been bombed during the war, a dire need for new facilities existed. With the purchase of the Heyendaal estate, the university got its own campus in a green setting less than a fifteen-minute bike ride from the Nijmegen city center. In 1951, the Faculty of Medical Sciences was the first faculty to move to Heyendaal. Soon, other faculties followed. By 1988, all faculties had moved to Heyendaal. The move to a new campus also with a rise in students attending the Catholic University of Nijmegen. Since the end of the war, student numbers steadily rose from 3,000 in 1960 to 15,000 in 1980. </p><p>The period between 1960 and 1975 is often generally described as the "Age of Student Unrest". Not only did the student population in Nijmegen rise exponentially, it had also become more diverse, left-leaning and less elitist. Next to that, the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie movement</a> had reached the city which caused many students to desire a more <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> student life. Umbrella organization Carolus Magnus became increasingly bloated and lost connection with the members of <i>sociëteiten</i> and <i>disputen</i> that began to operate more independently. It was not the beloved corporation it used to be and students criticized the mandatory membership of Carolus Magnus. Therefore, the organization slowly became more concerned with administrative duties than organizing community activities. In 1966 Carolus Magnus ceased to exist in its traditional sense. From that moment on, students were free to choose which association they joined and which not. In the 1980s and 1990s many other kinds of student associations were established in Nijmegen, including <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical-Christian</a> association Navigators, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarian</a> association Ovum Novum, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alternative" class="extiw" title="wikt:alternative">alternative</a> student association Karpe Noktum<i>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_–_now"><span id="2000_.E2.80.93_now"></span>2000 – now</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000 – now" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>As an indication of its evolving relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_the_Netherlands" title="Bishops' Conference of the Netherlands">Bishops' Conference of the Netherlands</a> and to appear less sectarian, the university's executive council changed the university's name in 2004 to the Radboud University Nijmegen after <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Radboud_of_Utrecht" title="Radboud of Utrecht">Radboud of Utrecht</a>, a medieval bishop. Tensions continued between the university's executive council and the bishops' conference over the secularizing direction of the university. The repeated nomination of non-Catholics and non-practicing Catholics to the executive council, which the bishops' conference would not approve, exacerbated tensions. In response to a decision to open a Transgender Care Center at the university's medical center, the bishops' conference revoked the designation <i>Catholic</i> from the university in November 2020. Accordingly, the university lost its eligibility to receive church subsidies and its right to identify as Roman Catholic. The university appealed to the Holy See, and in November 2022 the pope's <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Dicastery for Culture and Education</a> ruled that the bishops' conference could remove the designation "Catholic" from the executive council but not from the university as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Faculties">Faculties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Faculties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Radboud University is organized in seven faculties that offer programmes and courses in the fields of humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, medical sciences, law, management, philosophy, theology and religious studies. Each faculty (<i>cf.</i>, College in the USA or School in Europe) is a formal grouping of academic degree programmes, schools and institutes, discipline areas, research centres, and/or any combination of these drawn together for educational purposes. </p> <ul><li>Faculty of Arts</li> <li>Faculty of Law</li> <li>Faculty of Medical Sciences</li> <li>Nijmegen School of Management</li> <li>Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies</li> <li>Faculty of Science</li> <li>Faculty of Social Sciences</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heyendaal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heyendaal.jpg/220px-Heyendaal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2118" data-file-height="1480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heyendaal.jpg/220px-Heyendaal.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heyendaal.jpg/330px-Heyendaal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Heyendaal.jpg/440px-Heyendaal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Heyendaal castle (now serving as the Faculty Club of the university) is of old the center of Heyendaal estate, where later on most Radboud University buildings have been established.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg/220px-Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg/220px-Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg/330px-Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg/440px-Radboud_law_faculty_in_summer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A view of the Radboud University law faculty in the summer</figcaption></figure> <p>Radboud University is noted for its green campus, often listed among the most attractive in the Netherlands. The campus is located in the southern Heyendaal estate of Nijmegen and houses 7 faculties that conduct teaching and research. In addition to these faculties, the campus also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psycholinguistics" title="Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics">Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics</a>, a world class research centre devoted to the understanding of human language and communication. </p><p>Featured prominently on the northwest side of the university's Heyendaal campus is the Heyendaal castle. It borders the <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Medical_Center" title="Radboud University Medical Center">Radboud University Medical Center</a>, a large teaching hospital located on the campus, which is linked to the university's medical department. Bordering the university hospital is the Huygens Building, which houses the Faculty of Natural Sciences. At the south end of the campus next to the Radboud Sports Centre (RSC), one finds the Erasmus Tower which houses the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Theology and Religion. The Erasmus Tower and the RSC border the Elinor Ostrom building, which is home to the School of Management and also encompasses the political sciences and economics faculty staff. On the other side of the Erasmus Tower, a number of general lecture halls is located along with the campus pub and bookshop. Beyond this area, in the southwest of the campus, one finds the modern Maria Montessori building, home to the Faculty of Social Sciences, and the Grotius building, home to the Faculty of Law. In the most southern part of the campus, the monumental <a href="/wiki/Berchmanianum" title="Berchmanianum">Jesuit Berchmanianum monastery</a> can be found which houses the university's general services staff and will serve as its auditorium. </p><p>In 2017, a SPAR minimarket was opened in the Erasmus building which provides students with snacks and accessories. The university campus borders the campus of the <a href="/wiki/Hogeschool_van_Arnhem_en_Nijmegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen">HAN University of Applied Sciences</a>, which in turn is located next to Heyendaal train station. Frequent shuttle buses connect the university to Nijmegen Central Station and the city centre. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RUN_science-park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/RUN_science-park.jpg/220px-RUN_science-park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/RUN_science-park.jpg/220px-RUN_science-park.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/RUN_science-park.jpg/330px-RUN_science-park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/RUN_science-park.jpg/440px-RUN_science-park.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>An aerial view of the Huygens buildings of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, with the Erasmus Tower in the back</figcaption></figure> <p>Radboud University enrols over 22,000 students in about one hundred study programs (about 50 bachelor's and 50 master's programs).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 2021, the university offers 34 international master's programs taught in English and several more taught in Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are nine bachelor's programs taught fully in English: American Studies, Artificial Intelligence, Biology, Chemistry, Computing Science, International Economics & Business, International Business Administration, English Language and Culture, Philosophy, Politics and Society and Molecular Life Sciences. Communication and Information Studies, History, Psychology and Arts and Culture Studies offer English-language tracks. All other bachelors are in Dutch, although most of the required literature is in English. Some exams, papers and even classes may be in English as well, despite the programs being Dutch-taught. All master's programs have been internationally accredited by the Accreditation Organization of the Netherlands and Flanders (NVAO). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_master's_programs"><span id="International_master.27s_programs"></span>International master's programs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International master's programs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>All English-taught master's programmes are research-based programmes. They are taught within the Faculties of Arts, Law, Social Sciences, Medical Sciences, Sciences and Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies, besides the Interfaculty Research school and the Nijmegen School of Management.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Radboud University is home to several research institutions, including the Business & Law Research Centre, Institute for Management Research, <a href="/wiki/NanoLab_Nijmegen" title="NanoLab Nijmegen">NanoLab Nijmegen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Donders_Institute_for_Brain,_Cognition_and_Behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour">Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour</a> and HFML-FELIX. Faculty members <a href="/wiki/Anne_Cutler" title="Anne Cutler">Anne Cutler</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Henk_Barendregt" title="Henk Barendregt">Henk Barendregt</a> (2002), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hagoort" title="Peter Hagoort">Peter Hagoort</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Theo_Rasing" title="Theo Rasing">Theo Rasing</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Heino_Falcke" title="Heino Falcke">Heino Falcke</a> (2011), <a href="/wiki/Mike_Jetten" title="Mike Jetten">Mike Jetten</a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Ieke_Moerdijk" title="Ieke Moerdijk">Ieke Moerdijk</a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Katsnelson" title="Mikhail Katsnelson">Mikhail Katsnelson</a> (2013), Wilhelm Huck (2016) and Klaas Landsman (2022) won the <a href="/wiki/Spinoza_Prize" title="Spinoza Prize">Spinoza Prize</a>. Visiting professor Sir <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> and former <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> student Sir <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> were awarded the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_ranking">University ranking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: University ranking" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">101–150 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">272 (2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">=143 (2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> Global<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">=117 (2025)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Radboud University has been named best broad university in the Netherlands for the past seven consecutive years.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physics department is considered top tier. A recent accomplishment is its contribution to the first picture of a black hole.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Faculty of Law is nationally unrivaled in its research in business and law,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and retains strong international ties with other prominent research institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Côte d'Azur">Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>. The Faculty of Law's European Law School and Notarial Law departments are considered best in class in the Netherlands,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just as the Political Sciences, Sociology and Theology programmes in their respective fields.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radboud_Excellence_Initiative">Radboud Excellence Initiative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Radboud Excellence Initiative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Radboud Excellence Initiative was created with the dual purposes of attracting talents from every academic field to Radboud University while strengthening international bonds between universities worldwide. The initiative is a joint enterprise of both Radboud University and <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center">Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center</a>. It provides two routes by which a researcher may come to Radboud University. Promising researchers who have completed their doctorate between two and eight years earlier at the time of nomination may be nominated for a fellowship whereas those researchers who are more established in their discipline may be nominated for a professorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Radboud_Excellence_Initiative_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radboud_Excellence_Initiative-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Student life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_associations">Student associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Student associations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg/220px-Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg/220px-Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg/330px-Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg/440px-Nijmegen_-_Embleem_Carolus_Magnus_op_de_gevel_van_Molenstraat_110.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Emblem of the traditional student association Carolus Magnus</figcaption></figure> <p>Radboud University offers students the opportunity to join various ethnic, cultural and political organizations, along with numerous honor societies, special interest groups and socially focused student societies. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Overview of the largest student associations in Nijmegen </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Student association </th> <th>Date of establishment </th> <th>Members </th> <th>Type of Association </th></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.V. Carolus Magnus </td> <td>1 February 1928 <p>(revival in 1973) </p> </td> <td>600 </td> <td>Traditional </td></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.R.V. Phocas </td> <td>1 May 1947 </td> <td>550 </td> <td>Rowing-oriented </td></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.H.C. Apeliotes </td> <td>8 October 1987 </td> <td>500 </td> <td>Field hockey-oriented </td></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.Z.V. De Loefbijter </td> <td>23 February 1967 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>Sailing-oriented </td></tr> <tr> <td>A.E.G.E.E. Nijmegen </td> <td>22 August 1986 </td> <td>85 </td> <td>International </td></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.N. (Navigators) </td> <td>2 November 1989 </td> <td>215 </td> <td>Christian </td></tr> <tr> <td>V.G.S.N. Thesaurum Quaeritans </td> <td>21 March 1990 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>Reformed (Liberated) </td></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.V. Ovum Novum </td> <td>20 May 1990 </td> <td>630 </td> <td>Egalitarian </td></tr> <tr> <td>K.S.N. – Katholieke Studenten Nijmegen </td> <td>21 August 2000 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>Catholic </td></tr> <tr> <td>A.S.V. Karpe Noktem </td> <td>7 December 2004 </td> <td>140 </td> <td>Alternative </td></tr> <tr> <td>C.S.F.R. Quo Vadis </td> <td>27 October 2009 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>Reformed </td></tr> <tr> <td>N.S.R.V. Obelix </td> <td>1 May 1970 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>Rugby-oriented </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Study_associations">Study associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Study associations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lately study associations have overtaken part of the role that student associations like Carolus Magnus used to play. These study associations are related to individual degree programs and are open to <a href="/wiki/International_student" title="International student">international students</a> as well. Study associations don't have <a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">initiation rituals</a> and regularly meet for fun-related, as well as study-related activities. Some examples of study associations are the study association for computing science and information sciences students (Thalia), the study association for history students (GSV Excalibur), the study association for English Language and Culture (T.E.A. The English Association), the study association for psychology students (SPIN), and the study association for Business Administration students (Synergy). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campus_publications">Campus publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Campus publications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Radboud University's independent university media platform, <i>Vox</i>, intended for students and staff, publishes daily material online and delivers hard copy magazines several times a year. Its paper magazine is distributed on campus for free. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voxweb.nl/english">Vox</a> at Radboud University also produce an independent student magazine that appears seven times a year: the <i><a href="/wiki/Algemeen_Nijmeegs_Studentenblad" title="Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad">Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad</a></i> <i>(ANS)</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Athletics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Radboud University offers many facilities for sports at the Radboud Sports Centre (RSC) a part of campus where students are welcomed 7 days a week to partake in a variety of at least 80 different sports. In addition to the facilities of the Radboud Sports Centre, Radboud University also boasts more than 35 student sports associations such as the Radboud Rangers (baseball), Obelix (rugby), Apelliotes (hockey), FC Kunde (soccer), Phocas (rowing) and De Loefbijter (sailing). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable alumni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1636" data-file-height="2091"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 281px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="281" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ingrid_van_Engelshoven_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven" title="Ingrid van Engelshoven">Ingrid van Engelshoven</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg/220px-Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="2481"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg/220px-Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg/330px-Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg/440px-Nobel_Prize_2010-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7429.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg/220px-Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1017"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 298px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg/220px-Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="298" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg/330px-Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg/440px-Dick_Schoof_2024.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg/220px-Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="649"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 296px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg/220px-Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="296" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg/330px-Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg/440px-Frans_Timmermans_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following is a partial list of notable alumni of Radboud University: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> (1955, LLM) – 46th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracita_Arrindell" title="Gracita Arrindell">Gracita Arrindell</a> – first woman President of Sint Maarten.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beel" title="Louis Beel">Louis Beel</a> (1928, LLM) – 36th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> (1940, LLM) – 41st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_van_Engelshoven" title="Ingrid van Engelshoven">Ingrid van Engelshoven</a> (1989, MSc) – <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_de_Graaf" title="Thom de Graaf">Thom de Graaf</a> (1981, LLM) – former <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor (Netherlands)">mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loek_Hermans" title="Loek Hermans">Loek Hermans</a> (1976, MSc) – former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Kant" title="Agnes Kant">Agnes Kant</a> (1989, MSc & 1997, PhD) – former leader of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos_van_der_Lans" title="Jos van der Lans">Jos van der Lans</a> (1981, MA) – former member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Dutch House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Leers" title="Gerd Leers">Gerd Leers</a>, (1976, MSc) – former <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor (Netherlands)">mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Minister for Immigration and Asylum Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Marijnen" title="Victor Marijnen">Victor Marijnen</a> (1941, LLM) – 39th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Marijnissen" title="Lilian Marijnissen">Lilian Marijnissen</a> (2006, MSc) – leader of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a> (1960, LLM) – former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a> (1957, MSc) – civil servant and current <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a> (1985, MA) – Dutch politician and diplomat who currently serves as the <a href="/wiki/First_Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vice-President of the European Commission">First Vice-President of the European Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">European Commissioner</a> for the portfolio of Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights in the <a href="/wiki/Juncker_Commission" title="Juncker Commission">Juncker Commission</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Verdonk" title="Rita Verdonk">Rita Verdonk</a> (1983, MA) – former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Dutch Minister for Immigration and Asylum Affairs</a>, former member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Dutch House of Representatives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics_2">Academics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmanova" title="Anna Akhmanova">Anna Akhmanova</a> (1999, PhD) – cell biologist and winner of the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Spinoza_Prize" title="Spinoza Prize">Spinoza Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Crusio" title="Wim Crusio">Wim Crusio</a> (1984, PhD) – <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neurogenetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral neurogenetics">neurobehavioural geneticist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos_Engelen" title="Jos Engelen">Jos Engelen</a> (1973, MSc & 1979, PhD) – experimental <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halleh_Ghorashi" title="Halleh Ghorashi">Halleh Ghorashi</a> (2001, PhD) – Iranian-born anthropologist, member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Ginneken" title="Jaap van Ginneken">Jaap van Ginneken</a> (born 1943) - psychologist and communication scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Klever" title="Wim Klever">Wim Klever</a> (born 1930) - scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Luttikhuizen" title="Gerard Luttikhuizen">Gerard Luttikhuizen</a> (born 1940) - scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Mekkes" title="Johan Mekkes">Johan Mekkes</a> (1898–1987) - philosopher</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> (PhD) – discoverer of graphene, awarded 2010 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_E.L._Prins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald E.L. Prins">Harald E.L. Prins</a> (1976, Doctorandus) anthropologist, ethnohistorian, documentary filmmaker and expert witness on indigenous rights in United States and Canadian courts, distinguished Professor of Anthropology at <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_de_Waal" title="Frans de Waal">Frans de Waal</a> (1970, MSc) – biologist and primatologist known for his work on the behavior and social intelligence of primates.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Business" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marijn_Dekkers" title="Marijn Dekkers">Marijn Emmanuel Dekkers</a>, (1979, BSc) – <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief Executive Officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a> (2010–2016) and <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aart_Jan_de_Geus" title="Aart Jan de Geus">Aart Jan de Geus</a> (1981, LMM) – <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief Executive Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann_Stiftung" title="Bertelsmann Stiftung">Bertelsmann Stiftung</a> and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Triodos_Bank" title="Triodos Bank">Triodos Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Reijtenbagh" title="Louis Reijtenbagh">Louis Reijtenbagh</a> (1975, MSc) – founder and <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief Executive Officer</a> of The Plaza Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herna_Verhagen" title="Herna Verhagen">Herna Verhagen</a>, (1988, LLM) – <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief Executive Officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/PostNL" title="PostNL">PostNL</a>, most influential Dutch woman 2014</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karapet_Karapetyan" title="Karapet Karapetyan">Karapet Karapetyan</a> (2011, LLM) – Armenian-Dutch <a href="/wiki/Kickboxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kickboxer">kickboxer</a>, ranked #3 welterweight in the world in November 2015 by <a href="/wiki/Glory_(kickboxing)" title="Glory (kickboxing)">GLORY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Kuipers" title="Björn Kuipers">Björn Kuipers</a> (2001, MSc) – <a href="/wiki/Referee_(association_football)" title="Referee (association football)">football referee</a>, leader of multiple <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Europa League</a> finals and the <a href="/wiki/2014_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 UEFA Champions League Final">2014 UEFA Champions League Final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koen_Metsemakers" title="Koen Metsemakers">Koen Metsemakers</a> (2019, MSc) – <a href="/wiki/Rower" class="mw-redirect" title="Rower">rower</a>, winner of a golden medal in the <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification" title="Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification">men's quad scull</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelleke_Penninx" title="Nelleke Penninx">Nelleke Penninx</a> (1998, MSc) – <a href="/wiki/Rower" class="mw-redirect" title="Rower">rower</a>, winner of a silver medal in the <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics#Eight_with_Coxswain_2" title="Rowing at the 2000 Summer Olympics">women's eight with coxswain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarieke_van_Rumpt" title="Annemarieke van Rumpt">Annemarieke van Rumpt</a> (2004, MSc) – <a href="/wiki/Rower" class="mw-redirect" title="Rower">rower</a>, winner of a bronze medal in the <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_single_sculls" title="Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls">women's four coxless</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godfried_Bomans" title="Godfried Bomans">Godfried Bomans</a> (1943, not completed) – popular Dutch <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">author</a>, famous for his children fantasy novel "Eric in the Land of the Insects"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._Th._van_der_Heijden" title="A. F. Th. van der Heijden">A. F. Th. van der Heijden</a> (1976, BA) – popular Dutch <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">author</a>, most known for his multi-novel saga <i>De tandeloze tijd</i> ("The Toothless Time")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a> (1964, MSc) – <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Catholic priest</a> and writer, most known for his book "The Return of the Prodigal Son"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Retera" title="Mark Retera">Mark Retera</a> (1989, MSc) – popular Dutch <a href="/wiki/Cartoonist" title="Cartoonist">cartoonist</a>, best known for his absurd gag comic <i><a href="/wiki/DirkJan" title="DirkJan">DirkJan</a></i></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notable_faculty">Notable faculty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable faculty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TitusBrandsma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/220px-TitusBrandsma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="3120"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 346px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/220px-TitusBrandsma.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="346" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/330px-TitusBrandsma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/440px-TitusBrandsma.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andre_Geim_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andre_Geim_10.jpg/220px-Andre_Geim_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andre_Geim_10.jpg/220px-Andre_Geim_10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andre_Geim_10.jpg/330px-Andre_Geim_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andre_Geim_10.jpg/440px-Andre_Geim_10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following is a partial list of notable faculty of Radboud University: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Abeelen" title="Hans van Abeelen">Hans van Abeelen</a>, first Dutch <a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">behaviour geneticist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a>, co-founder, murdered in <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Burnier" title="Andreas Burnier">Andreas Burnier</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Daemen" title="Joan Daemen">Joan Daemen</a>, cryptographer, developed <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">AES</a> and <a href="/wiki/SHA-3" title="SHA-3">SHA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ap_Dijksterhuis" title="Ap Dijksterhuis">Ap Dijksterhuis</a>, social psychologist and author of "Het slimme onbewuste"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Duynstee" title="Willem Duynstee">Willem Duynstee</a>, Rector (1940/1941), Philosophical Psychology (Mortification Therapy), Lawyer, and Moral Theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heino_Falcke" title="Heino Falcke">Heino Falcke</a>, German professor of <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio astronomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astroparticle_physics" title="Astroparticle physics">astroparticle physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a>, Russian-born Dutch–British physicist, joint winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gussenhoven" title="Carlos Gussenhoven">Carlos Gussenhoven</a>, professor of linguistics, specializes in phonetics and phonology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Halkes" title="Catharina Halkes">Catharina Halkes</a>, first feminist theologian to be a professor in the Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_de_Kroon" title="Hans de Kroon">Hans de Kroon</a>, biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lewis" title="Marc Lewis">Marc Lewis</a>, psychologist, neuroscientist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renate_Loll" title="Renate Loll">Renate Loll</a>, physicist, developed the theory of <a href="/wiki/Causal_dynamical_triangulation" title="Causal dynamical triangulation">Causal Dynamical Triangulations</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos_van_der_Meer" title="Jos van der Meer">Jos van der Meer</a>, professor of general internal medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Netea" title="Mihai Netea">Mihai Netea</a>, physician, awarded the <a href="/wiki/Spinoza_Prize" title="Spinoza Prize">Spinoza Prize</a> of 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Versteegh" title="Kees Versteegh">Kees Versteegh</a>, professor emeritus of Middle Eastern studies, also alumnus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roos_Vonk" title="Roos Vonk">Roos Vonk</a>, social psychologist and author of popular scientific works</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_der_Watt" title="Jan van der Watt">Jan van der Watt</a>, expert in Johannine literature, General editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Biblical_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Review of Biblical Literature">Review of Biblical Literature</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Wilson" title="Daniela Wilson">Daniela Wilson</a>, chemist known for her work on <a href="/wiki/Nanomotor" title="Nanomotor">nanomotors</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hogeschool_van_Arnhem_en_Nijmegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen">Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Vocational_university#Netherlands" title="Vocational university">University of Applied Sciences</a> located in Nijmegen and <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_modern_universities_in_Europe" title="List of early modern universities in Europe">List of early modern universities in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_organizational_theory" title="Outline of organizational theory">Outline of organizational theory</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ru.nl/en/about-us/news/over-24000-students-at-radboud-university-this-year">"Over 24,000 students at Radboud University this year"</a>. <i>Radboud University</i>. 11 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radboud+University&rft.atitle=Over+24%2C000+students+at+Radboud+University+this+year&rft.date=2024-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ru.nl%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2Fover-24000-students-at-radboud-university-this-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadboud+University+Nijmegen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ru.nl/en/staff/services/services-and-facilities/communication-and-promotion/design/corporate-identity/colours">"Colours"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ru.nl&rft.atitle=Radboud+University+%7C+You+have+a+part+to+play&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ru.nl%2Fen%2Fhome-basis-seo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadboud+University+Nijmegen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ru.nl/english/about-us/our-university/performance-indicators/vm/position_internation/">"Position in international rankings"</a>. <i>Radboud University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Radboud University Nijmegen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Radboud+Excellence+Initiative%3F&rft.pub=Radboud+University+Nijmegen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ru.nl%2Fexcellence%2Fwhy-join%2Fwhat-radboud%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadboud+University+Nijmegen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&oldid=1277390817">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&oldid=1277390817</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Radboud_University_Nijmegen&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="EmyRussell" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1740395398"> <span>Last edited on 24 February 2025, at 11:09</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%86" title="جامعة رادبود نايميخن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة رادبود نايميخن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Універсітэт імя Радбода – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсітэт імя Радбода" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Radboud_Nijmegen" title="Prifysgol Radboud Nijmegen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Radboud Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud-Universit%C3%A4t_Nijmegen" title="Radboud-Universität Nijmegen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radboud-Universität Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Πανεπιστήμιο Ράντμπουντ του Ναϊμέχεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο Ράντμπουντ του Ναϊμέχεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Radboud_de_Nimega" title="Universidad Radboud de Nimega – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad Radboud de Nimega" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboda_Universitato_en_Nimego" title="Radboda Universitato en Nimego – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radboda Universitato en Nimego" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF" title="دانشگاه رادبود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه رادبود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Radboud_de_Nim%C3%A8gue" title="Université Radboud de Nimègue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université Radboud de Nimègue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud_Universiteit_Nimwegen" title="Radboud Universiteit Nimwegen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Radboud Universiteit Nimwegen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%97%8C_%EB%9E%8F%EB%B0%94%EC%9A%B0%ED%8A%B8_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="네이메헌 랏바우트 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네이메헌 랏바우트 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Radboud_Nijmegen" title="Universitas Radboud Nijmegen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Radboud Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Radboud_di_Nimega" title="Università Radboud di Nimega – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università Radboud di Nimega" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98" title="אוניברסיטת ראדבאוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת ראדבאוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud_Universiteit_Nijmegen" title="Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%86" title="جامعة رادبود نايميخن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة رادبود نايميخن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud_Universiteit" title="Radboud Universiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radboud Universiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E3%82%A6%E3%83%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ラドバウド大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラドバウド大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud_universiteti_Nijmegen" title="Radboud universiteti Nijmegen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Radboud universiteti Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A4%DA%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="ریڈ باؤڈ یونیورسٹی نجمیگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریڈ باؤڈ یونیورسٹی نجمیگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidat_Radboud" title="Universidat Radboud – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Universidat Radboud" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_im._Radbouda_w_Nijmegen" title="Uniwersytet im. Radbouda w Nijmegen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet im. Radbouda w Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Radboud_de_Nimega" title="Universidade Radboud de Nimega – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade Radboud de Nimega" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_Radboud_din_Nijmegen" title="Universitatea Radboud din Nijmegen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea Radboud din Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Университет Неймегена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Неймегена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" title="Radboud University Nijmegen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Radboud University Nijmegen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijmegenin_Radboud-yliopisto" title="Nijmegenin Radboud-yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nijmegenin Radboud-yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_Radboud" title="Pamantasang Radboud – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamantasang Radboud" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="มหาวิทยาลัยรัดเบาด์ไนเมเคิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยรัดเบาด์ไนเมเคิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijmegen_Radboud_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Nijmegen Radboud Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nijmegen Radboud Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Університет Неймегену – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Університет Неймегену" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="拉德堡德大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉德堡德大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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