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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хатха-Йога-Прадипика – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Хатха-Йога-Прадипика" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="হঠযোগ প্রদীপিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হঠযোগ প্রদীপিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioga_Hatha_Pradipika" title="Ioga Hatha Pradipika – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ioga Hatha Pradipika" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathapradipika" title="Hathapradipika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hathapradipika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha-yoga-prad%C3%ADpika" title="Hatha-yoga-pradípika – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hatha-yoga-pradípika" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="هاتا یوگا پرادیپیکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاتا یوگا پرادیپیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_yoga_pradipika" title="Hatha yoga pradipika – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hatha yoga pradipika" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%A0%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="હઠયોગ પ્રદીપિકા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હઠયોગ પ્રદીપિકા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Հաթհապրադիպիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաթհապրադիպիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="हठयोग प्रदीपिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हठयोग प्रदीपिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADhayoga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Haṭhayoga Pradīpikā – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Haṭhayoga Pradīpikā" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A0_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಹಠ ಯೋಗ ಪ್ರದೀಪಿಕಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಠ ಯೋಗ ಪ್ರದೀಪಿಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="हठयोग प्रदीपिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हठयोग प्रदीपिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_yoga_pradipika" title="Hatha yoga pradipika – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hatha yoga pradipika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%94%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ハタ・ヨーガ・プラディーピカー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハタ・ヨーガ・プラディーピカー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathayoga-pradipika" title="Hathayoga-pradipika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hathayoga-pradipika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathajogapradipika" title="Hathajogapradipika – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hathajogapradipika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хатха-йога-прадипика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хатха-йога-прадипика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="हठप्रदीपिका – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हठप्रदीपिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathayoga_pradipika" title="Hathayoga pradipika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hathayoga pradipika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хатха-йога-прадипика – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хатха-йога-прадипика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%A0%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="హఠయోగ ప్రదీపిక – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హఠయోగ ప్రదీపిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хатха-йога-прадипіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хатха-йога-прадипіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1144373#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">15th-century Sanskrit manual on haṭha yoga</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:19th_century_manuscript_copy,_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika,_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/19th_century_manuscript_copy%2C_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika%2C_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg/330px-19th_century_manuscript_copy%2C_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika%2C_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/19th_century_manuscript_copy%2C_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika%2C_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg/495px-19th_century_manuscript_copy%2C_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika%2C_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/19th_century_manuscript_copy%2C_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika%2C_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg/660px-19th_century_manuscript_copy%2C_15th_century_Hatha_yoga_pradipika%2C_Schoyen_Collection_Norway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a 19th-century manuscript copy of the 15th century <i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i>, Schoyen Collection, Norway</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">haṭhayogapradīpikā</i></span>, हठयोगप्रदीपिका</span> or Light on Hatha Yoga) is a classic fifteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <a href="/wiki/Owners_manual" class="mw-redirect" title="Owners manual">manual</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Haṭha yoga">haṭha yoga</a>, written by <b>Svātmārāma</b>, who connects the teaching's lineage to <a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranath</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Natha" class="mw-redirect" title="Natha">Nathas</a>. It is among the most influential surviving texts on haṭha yoga, being one of the three classic texts alongside the <i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-uk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, eight works of early hatha yoga that may have contributed to the <i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i> have been identified. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title_and_composition">Title and composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Title and composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" width="45%"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i> 2.40–41, 2.77, translated by Mallinson & Singleton</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><small>As long as the <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">breath is restrained</a> in the body, the mind is calm. As long as the gaze is between the eyebrows there is no danger of death. When all the channels have been purified by correctly performing restraints of the breath, the wind easily pierces and enters the aperture of the <a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">Sushumna</a>.<br /><br />At the end of the breath-retention in <i><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">kumbhaka</a></i>, make the mind free of support. Through practising yoga thus one attains the <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja yoga">rajayoga</a></i> state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017162_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017162-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Different manuscripts offer different titles for the text, including <i>Haṭhayogapradīpikā</i>, <i>Haṭhapradīpikā</i>, <i>Haṭhapradī</i>, and <i>Hath-Pradipika</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WoolnerDatabase_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoolnerDatabase-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was composed by Svātmārāma in the 15th century as a compilation of the earlier haṭha yoga texts. Svātmārāma incorporates older Sanskrit concepts into his synthesis. He introduces his system as a preparatory stage for physical purification before higher <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Yoga">Raja Yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg/220px-Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg/330px-Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg/440px-Yogin_in_meditation_chakras_kundalini_snake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="3809" /></a><figcaption>Manuscript painting of a <a href="/wiki/Yogin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogin">yogin</a> in meditation, showing the <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakras</a> and the three main <i><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">nāḍīs</a></i> (channels) of the <a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">subtle body</a>. A small serpent, representing the <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a>, climbs from the base of the central nāḍī.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā</i> lists thirty-five earlier Haṭha Yoga masters (<i><a href="/wiki/Siddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhas">siddhas</a></i>), including <a href="/wiki/Adi_Natha" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Natha">Ādi Nātha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranāth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Gorakṣanāth</a>. The work consists of 389 <i><a href="/wiki/Shloka" title="Shloka">shlokas</a></i> (verses) in four chapters that describe topics including purification (Sanskrit: <i><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">ṣaṭkarma</a></i>), posture (<i><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">āsana</a></i>), breath control (<i><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">prāṇāyāma</a></i>), spiritual centres in the body (<i><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakra</a></i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Ku%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dalin%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuṇḍalinī">kuṇḍalinī</a></i>, energetic locks (<i><a href="/wiki/Bandha_(Yoga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandha (Yoga)">bandha</a></i>), energy (<i><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">prāṇa</a></i>), channels of the <a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">subtle body</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">nāḍī</a></i>), and energetic seals (<i><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">mudrā</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Chapter 1 deals with setting the proper environment for yoga, the ethical duties of a yogi, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Asanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Asanas">asanas</a></i>.</li> <li>Chapter 2 deals with <i><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">pranayama</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Satkarma" class="mw-redirect" title="Satkarma">satkarmas</a></i>.</li> <li>Chapter 3 discusses the <i><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">mudras</a></i> and their benefits.</li> <li>Chapter 4 deals with <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">samadhi</a></i> as a journey of personal spiritual growth.</li></ul> <p>It runs in the line of <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> yoga (as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> traditions) and is dedicated to The First Lord (Ādi Nātha), one of the names of Lord <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Śiva</a> (the Hindu god of destruction and renewal). He is described in several Nāth texts as having imparted the secret of haṭha yoga to his divine consort <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81rvat%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pārvatī">Pārvatī</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanisms">Mechanisms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:808px;max-width:808px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:402px;max-width:402px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Early Bindu model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg/400px-Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg/600px-Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg/800px-Early_Bindu_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2683" data-file-height="2424" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:402px;max-width:402px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Late Kundalini model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg/400px-Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg/600px-Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg/800px-Late_Kundalini_Model_of_Hatha_Yoga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2675" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i> presents two contradictory models, one involving stopping the flow of <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a>, the other involving <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a> and encouraging the flow of <a href="/wiki/Amrita" title="Amrita">Amrita</a>, to explain how Hatha Yoga leads to immortality, without attempting to harmonise them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>The <i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i> presents two contradictory models of how Hatha Yoga may lead to immortality (<i><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a></i>), both culled from other texts, without attempting to harmonise them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earlier model involves the manipulation of <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a>; it drips continually from the moon centre in the head, falling to its destruction either in the digestive fire of the belly (the sun centre), or to be ejaculated as semen, with which it was identified. The loss of Bindu causes progressive weakening and ultimately death. In this model, Bindu is to be conserved, and the various mudras act to block its passage down the <a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">Sushumna</a> nadi, the central channel of the <a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">subtle body</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The later model involves the stimulation of <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a>, visualised as a small serpent coiled around the base of the Sushumna nadi. In this model, the mudras serve to unblock the channel, allowing Kundalini to rise. When Kundalini finally reaches the top at the <a href="/wiki/Sahasrara" title="Sahasrara">Sahasrara</a> chakra, the thousand-petalled lotus, the store of <a href="/wiki/Amrita" title="Amrita">Amrita</a>, the nectar of immortality stored in the head, is released. The Amrita then floods down through the body, rendering it immortal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_research">Modern research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i> is the hatha yoga text that has historically been studied within <a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">yoga teacher training</a> programmes, alongside texts on classical yoga such as <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Patanjali's <i>Yoga Sutras</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017ix_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017ix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twenty-first century, research on the history of yoga has led to a more developed understanding of hatha yoga's origins.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">James Mallinson</a> has studied the origins of hatha yoga in classic yoga texts such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Khecarīvidyā">Khecarīvidyā</a></i>. He has identified eight works of early hatha yoga that may have contributed to its official formation in the <i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i>. This has stimulated further research into understanding the formation of hatha yoga.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jason_Birch" title="Jason Birch">Jason Birch</a> has investigated the role of the <i>Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā</i> in popularizing an interpretation of the Sanskrit word <i>haṭha</i>. The text drew from classic texts on different systems of yoga, and Svātmārāma grouped what he had found under the generic term "haṭha yoga". Examining Buddhist tantric commentaries and earlier medieval yoga texts, Birch found that the adverbial uses of the word suggested that it meant "force", rather than "the metaphysical explanation proposed in the 14th century <i><a href="/wiki/Yogab%C4%ABja" title="Yogabīja">Yogabīja</a></i> of uniting the sun (<i>ha</i>) and moon (<i>ṭha</i>)".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uk_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaster_Murugan,_Chillayah2012" class="citation web cs1">Master Murugan, Chillayah (20 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silambam.asia/veda.html">"Veda Studies and Knowledge (Pengetahuan Asas Kitab Veda)"</a>. Silambam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Veda+Studies+and+Knowledge+%28Pengetahuan+Asas+Kitab+Veda%29&rft.pub=Silambam&rft.date=2012-10-20&rft.au=Master+Murugan%2C+Chillayah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silambam.asia%2Fveda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017162-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017162_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoolnerDatabase-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WoolnerDatabase_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602132255/https://www.istb.univie.ac.at/cgi-bin/smwc/smwc.cgi?uid=default&uniform_entity=uniform_person&edit_nav=119&query_uniform=36&last_ms=&nav=2&subnav=71&subsubnav=99&browse_field=174">"Svātmārāma - Collected Information"</a>. <i>A Study of the Manuscripts of the Woolner Collection, Lahore</i>. University of Vienna. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istb.univie.ac.at/cgi-bin/smwc/smwc.cgi?uid=default&uniform_entity=uniform_person&edit_nav=119&query_uniform=36&last_ms=&nav=2&subnav=71&subsubnav=99&browse_field=174">the original</a> on 2 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Study+of+the+Manuscripts+of+the+Woolner+Collection%2C+Lahore&rft.atitle=Sv%C4%81tm%C4%81r%C4%81ma+-+Collected+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istb.univie.ac.at%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsmwc%2Fsmwc.cgi%3Fuid%3Ddefault%26uniform_entity%3Duniform_person%26edit_nav%3D119%26query_uniform%3D36%26last_ms%3D%26nav%3D2%26subnav%3D71%26subsubnav%3D99%26browse_field%3D174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit1991" class="citation book cs1">Pandit, Moti Lal (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t-0MAAAAIAAJ"><i>Towards Transcendence: A Historico-analytical Study of Yoga as a Method of Liberation</i></a>. Intercultural. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85574-01-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85574-01-1"><bdi>978-81-85574-01-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+Transcendence%3A+A+Historico-analytical+Study+of+Yoga+as+a+Method+of+Liberation&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Intercultural&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-81-85574-01-1&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Moti+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt-0MAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurley2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mikel_Burley" title="Mikel Burley">Burley, Mikel</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hathayogaitscont0000burl"><i>Haṭha-Yoga: Its Context, Theory, and Practice</i></a></span>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1706-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1706-7"><bdi>978-81-208-1706-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ha%E1%B9%ADha-Yoga%3A+Its+Context%2C+Theory%2C+and+Practice&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1706-7&rft.aulast=Burley&rft.aufirst=Mikel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhathayogaitscont0000burl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201732,_180–181_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, pp. 32, 180–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017ix-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017ix_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, p. ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., the work of the members of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://modernyogaresearch.org/">Modern Yoga Research cooperative</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernyogaresearch.org/people/c-m/dr-james-mallinson/">"Dr James Mallinson"</a>. <i>Modern Yoga Research</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Modern+Yoga+Research&rft.atitle=Dr+James+Mallinson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernyogaresearch.org%2Fpeople%2Fc-m%2Fdr-james-mallinson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirch2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Birch" title="Jason Birch">Birch, Jason</a> (2011). "The Meaning of haṭha in Early Haṭhayoga". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>131</b>: 527–554. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41440511">41440511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+ha%E1%B9%ADha+in+Early+Ha%E1%B9%ADhayoga&rft.volume=131&rft.pages=527-554&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41440511%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga"><i>Roots of Yoga</i></a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHatha+Yoga+Pradipika" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hathayogapradipika/hatha_yoga_pradipika#page/n0/mode/2up">Iyangar et al 1972 Translation with Jyotsnā commentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hyp/index.htm">Sanskrit text and translation of Pancham Sinh edition at sacred-texts.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.libripass.com/read/yoga/#/9-1"><i>Hatha Yoga Pradipika</i> Pancham Sinh edition from LibriPass</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625032512/http://static.libripass.com/read/yoga#/9-1">Archived</a> 25 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogavidya.com/hyp.html">Sample of new translation by Brian Akers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216185709/http://rajayoga.home.xs4all.nl/EN/HathaYogaPradipika2003En.pdf">2003 translation with Jyotsnā commentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">Subtle body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">Sushumna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mayurasana, in the Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/80px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/120px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/160px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> seats <i><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Upanishad" title="Darshana Upanishad">Darshana Upanishad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Goraksha Sataka</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopasrayasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopasrayasana">Sopasrayasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhasana">Sukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svastikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Svastikasana">Svastikasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Ancient non-meditation <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā">Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dandasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandasana">Dandasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 7th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Samhita" title="Ahirbudhnya Samhita">Ahirbudhnya Samhita</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 10th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 11th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hemacandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemacandra">Hemachandra's <i>Yogashastra</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha" title="Amaraugha">Amaraugha</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li>13th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya_Yoga_Shastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dattatreya Yoga Shastra">Dattatreya Yoga Shastra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Goraksha_Shataka" title="Goraksha Shataka">Goraksha Shataka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vivekam%C4%81rta%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Vivekamārtaṇḍa">Vivekamārtaṇḍa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>14th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Khecarīvidyā">Khecarīvidyā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sharngadhara-paddhati" title="Sharngadhara-paddhati">Sharngadhara-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogab%C4%ABja" title="Yogabīja">Yogabīja</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogat%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Yogatārāvalī">Yogatārāvalī</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>15th C. <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>17th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogacintamani" title="Yogacintamani">Yogacintamani</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hay%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahr al-Hayāt">Bahr al-Hayāt</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakasana">Kakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrikshasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrikshasana">Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>18th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasa-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>19th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairavasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhairavasana">Bhairavasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashasana">Pashasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdhva_Dhanurasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdhva Dhanurasana">Urdhva Dhanurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Late <ul><li>1905 <i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li> <li>1943 <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_A_Personal_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yogic_mudrās" title="Mudra">Mudras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Bandha">Maha Bandha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhara_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalandhara Bandha">Jalandhara Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Bandha">Mula Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddiyana_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddiyana Bandha">Uddiyana Bandha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81" title="Khecarī mudrā">Khechari mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajroli_mudra" title="Vajroli mudra">Vajroli mudra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuloma_pranayama" title="Anuloma pranayama">Anuloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhramari#Pranayama" title="Bhramari">Bhramari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjayi" title="Ujjayi">Ujjayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Hatha_Yoga_asanas" title="Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas">Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga" title="Template:Yoga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga" title="Template talk:Yoga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">Subtle body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Ida" title="Nadi (yoga)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Sushumna" title="Nadi (yoga)">Sushumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Pingala" title="Nadi (yoga)">Pingala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three Yogas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><i>and sometimes</i> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Yajnavalkya" title="Yoga Yajnavalkya">Yoga Yajnavalkya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_(eight_limbs_of_yoga)" title="Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)">Eight limbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyahara" title="Pratyahara">Pratyahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Dhāraṇā">Dhāraṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriyā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pranava_yoga" title="Pranava yoga">Pranava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81da_yoga" title="Nāda yoga">Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Shabd_Yoga" title="Surat Shabd Yoga">Surat Shabd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghor_Yoga" title="Aghor Yoga">Aghor Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yoga" title="Mudra">Mudras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandha_(yoga)" title="Bandha (yoga)">Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mudras_(yoga)" title="List of mudras (yoga)">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasa_(ritual)" title="Nyasa (ritual)">Nyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_vritti" title="Sama vritti">Sama vritti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)#Yoga_and_brahmacharya" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasiddha" title="Mahasiddha">Mahasiddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laya_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Laya Yoga">Laya Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Sexual Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha_Prabodha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaraugha Prabodha">Amaraugha Prabodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hayat" title="Bahr al-Hayat">Bahr al-Hayat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasapaddhati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_a_Personal_Experience" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">Samatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samadhi (Buddhism)">Samadhi (Buddhism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassanā">Vipassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visuddhimagga" title="Visuddhimagga">Visuddhimagga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Kriyayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Kriyayoga (Buddhist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Caryayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Caryayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Anuttarayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Anuttarayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahajayana">Sahajayana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tibet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tantric_practice" title="Tibetan tantric practice">Devata yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trul_khor" title="Trul khor">Yantra yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Dharmas_of_Naropa" title="Six Dharmas of Naropa">Six Yogas of Naropa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tummo" title="Tummo">Tummo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_mind" title="Luminous mind">Ösel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmamudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmamudra">Karmamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_yoga" title="Dream yoga">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa" title="Phowa">Phowa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayoga" title="Mahayoga">Mahayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuyoga" title="Anuyoga">Anuyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Atiyoga">Atiyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">Mahamudra</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Tangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">As exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">Yoga as therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Yoga hybrids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Modern yoga gurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Nidra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Nidra">Yoga Nidra</a></li> <li><a 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