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地方政府 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>概念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各國實例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各國實例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>各國實例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各國實例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各國實例子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各國實例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-东亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>东亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中華民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>中華民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中華人民共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華人民共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>中華人民共和國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華人民共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大韓民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大韓民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>大韓民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大韓民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-东南亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东南亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>东南亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东南亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-馬來西亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬來西亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>馬來西亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馬來西亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北非" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北非"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>北非</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北非-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-埃及" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#埃及"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>埃及</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-埃及-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北美" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北美"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>北美</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北美-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">地方政府</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حكومة محلية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة محلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobyerno_lokal" title="Gobyerno lokal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gobyerno lokal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="স্থানীয় সরকার – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্থানীয় সরকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="حکوومەتی ناوچەیی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="حکوومەتی ناوچەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADstn%C3%AD_samospr%C3%A1va" title="Místní samospráva – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Místní samospráva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunalret" title="Kommunalret – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kommunalret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunalverwaltung" title="Kommunalverwaltung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kommunalverwaltung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Τοπική κυβέρνηση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τοπική κυβέρνηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Local government" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loka_administracio" title="Loka administracio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Loka administracio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_local" title="Gobierno local – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno local" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omavalitsus" title="Omavalitsus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Omavalitsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udal" title="Udal – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C" title="دولت محلی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت محلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paikallishallinto" title="Paikallishallinto – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paikallishallinto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_territoriale" title="Administration territoriale – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Administration territoriale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98aramar_hukuma" title="Ƙaramar hukuma – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙaramar hukuma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רשות מקומית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשות מקומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="स्थानीय सरकार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्थानीय सरकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokalna_samouprava" title="Lokalna samouprava – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lokalna samouprava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96nkorm%C3%A1nyzat_(fogalom)" title="Önkormányzat (fogalom) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Önkormányzat (fogalom)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_daerah" title="Pemerintahan daerah – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan daerah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fylki" title="Fylki – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fylki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ente_locale" title="Ente locale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ente locale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="地方政府 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地方政府" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ადგილობრივი მმართველობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადგილობრივი მმართველობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" title="지방정부 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지방정부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAveberiya_her%C3%AAm%C3%AE" title="Rêveberiya herêmî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêveberiya herêmî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amministrazion_local" title="Amministrazion local – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Amministrazion local" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B9" title="स्थानीय तह – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्थानीय तह" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Локална управа – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Локална управа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_tempatan" title="Kerajaan tempatan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan tempatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B9" title="स्थानीय तह – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्थानीय तह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administracja_samorz%C4%85dowa" title="Administracja samorządowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Administracja samorządowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="مقامی حکومت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مقامی حکومت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_local" title="Governo local – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governo local" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Местная администрация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Местная администрация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Local government" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokalna_samouprava" title="Lokalna samouprava – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lokalna samouprava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamar%C3%A9ntahan_da%C3%A9rah" title="Pamaréntahan daérah – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pamaréntahan daérah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunal_sj%C3%A4lvstyrelse" title="Kommunal självstyrelse – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kommunal självstyrelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="การปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokal_na_pamahalaan" title="Lokal na pamahalaan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lokal na pamahalaan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerel_y%C3%B6netim" title="Yerel yönetim – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yerel yönetim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Органи місцевого самоврядування – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Органи місцевого самоврядування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="مقامی حکومت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مقامی حکومت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aministrasion_loca%C5%82e" title="Aministrasion locałe – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Aministrasion locałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_quy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Chính quyền địa phương – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính quyền địa phương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="地方政府 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地方政府" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="地方政府 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地方政府" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6501447#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div 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class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_government" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6501447" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>地方行政</b>」重定向至此。關於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>的地方行政,請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="地方行政計劃">地方行政計劃</a></b>」。</div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>論述以部分區域為主</b>,未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>,或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="Talk:地方政府">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2011年4月27日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%22">"地方政府"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%22">书籍</a>、<a 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主題</a>的一部分</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccc;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政體類型列表(页面不存在)">政体基本形式</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会权力基础" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French and Raven's bases of power"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会权力基础(页面不存在)">权力基础</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Raven%27s_bases_of_power" class="extiw" title="en:French and Raven's bases of power"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French and Raven's bases of power</span></a></span>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em; text-align:left;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主政体</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>多数人的权力</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E7%AD%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="抽签式民主">抽签民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="直接民主">直接民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="自由民主制">自由民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="代議民主">代议民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社會民主主義">社会民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="社会主义民主制">社会主义民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="贵族民主制">貴族民主政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="民主制度分类">其他民主政体</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E5%A4%B4%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="寡头政治">寡头政治</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>少数人的权力</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%AF%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="無支配體制">无体制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="贵族政治">贵族制政体</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劳工统治" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ergatocracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E5%B7%A5%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳工统治(页面不存在)">劳工制政体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergatocracy" class="extiw" title="en:Ergatocracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ergatocracy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="老人政治">老人制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8A%E7%9B%9C%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB" title="竊盜統治">盗贼制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" title="判官统治">判官制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AC%8A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="神權政治">宗教制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="心智政權">智主制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政黨政治">政党制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AC%8A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="金權政治">财阀制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E6%94%BF_(%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94)" title="軍政 (政體)">军阀制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" title="专家统治">专家制政体</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81" title="独裁">独裁政治</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>一个人的权力</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="专制主义">专制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94" title="獨裁政體">獨裁政體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81" title="軍事獨裁">军事独裁政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%AD%E4%B8%BB" title="僭主">僭主政体</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>没有人的权力</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B" title="無政府狀態">无政府政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="自由人联合体">自由人政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="無國家社會">无国家政体</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> 权力思想</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em; text-align:left;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="君主主義">君主制</a> 对 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共和主义">共和制</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>社会政治意识形态</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="君主專制">君主专制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" title="君主立宪制">君主立宪政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="委員會制">委员会制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家制度政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="议会共和制">议会共和政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统共和政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半总统制政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="社会主义国家">社会主义政体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="公司王国">金權政体</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="威权主义">威权制</a> 对 <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="自由意志主義">自由制</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>社会经济意识形态</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="殖民主义">殖民主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="专制主义">专制主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="分产主义">分产主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社会主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="極權主義">極權主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="部落主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tribalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="部落主义(页面不存在)">部落主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribalism" class="extiw" title="en:Tribalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tribalism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="全球治理">全球</a> 对 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">本地</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small><b>地缘文化意识形态</b></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="公社">公社</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%B4%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="政府间组织">政府间组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="民族國家">民族政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="世界政府">世界政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="民族主义">民族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="国际主义">国际主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="全球主義">全球主義</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> 权力结构</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em; text-align:left;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center">单一主义</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="帝国">帝国制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="親王國">封国制</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="從屬國">从属主义</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E7%B9%AB%E9%82%A6" title="聯繫邦">聯繫邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">属地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%A0%98" title="自治領">自治領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="保护国">保护国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="傀儡政權">傀儡国</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%8A%B1%E7%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治花瓶(页面不存在)">傀儡君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="卫星国">卫星国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="自治殖民地">自治殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2" title="朝貢">朝贡国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="缓冲国">缓冲国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%BA%B8%E5%9C%8B" title="附庸國">附庸國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="副王领" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viceroyalty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AF%E7%8E%8B%E9%A2%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="副王领(页面不存在)">副王领</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty" class="extiw" title="en:Viceroyalty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viceroyalty</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="領地">領地</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="联邦主义">联邦主义</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94%E5%88%B6" title="邦联制">邦联制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E4%B8%8B%E6%94%BE" title="权力下放">权力下放制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">联邦制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超国家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Superstate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超国家(页面不存在)">超国家制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstate" class="extiw" title="en:Superstate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Superstate</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82)" title="超國家主義 (國際關係)">超国家联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="政合国">政合國</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)" title="权力 (国际关系)">国家权力</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%8B" title="小國">小國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="地域大国">地域大国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="中等強國">中等強國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="大国">大国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="超级大国">超级大国</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="行政区划">行政区划</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%9C%8B" title="構成國">構成國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="自治共和國">自治共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="諸侯國">諸侯國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="公國">公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6%E5%9C%8B" title="令制國">令制國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="酋长国">酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="邦國">邦國</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" title="州">州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1" title="郡">郡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81" title="省">省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="邦">邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="縣">縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82" title="市">市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%85_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="厅 (行政区划)">廳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鄉">鄉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鎮">鎮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="區">區</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自治區">自治區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" class="mw-disambig" title="特區">特區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="辖区">轄區</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddd;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Politics">政治主題頁</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="Template:政体基本形式"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="Template talk:政体基本形式"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:政体基本形式"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>地方政府</b>是指一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>的特定<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="地区">地方</a>內,具有規範性之自我<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="治理">治理</a>能力(即所謂<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9D%83" title="地方分权">地方自治</a>)的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="政權">政權</a>團體。地方政府是「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中央政府">中央政府</a>」的對稱<sup id="cite_ref-海_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-海-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1381</sup>。廣義的定義係管理特定<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="行政區域">行政區域</a>內<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1" title="公共事务">公共事务</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="政府机构">政府機構</a>之總稱,狹義的定義則專指地方之<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="行政机关">行政機關</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>做為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9D%83" title="地方分权">地方分權</a>的體現,地方政府為分散於一國之內,個別存在的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA" title="法人">法人</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="公共行政学">行政</a>主體,在國家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>的規範下,與中央政府共同執行<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B" title="政治權力">政治權力</a>;於此涵義下,中央政府派駐各地方的政府機關,就算有特定管轄範圍,亦不能稱之為地方政府。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聯邦制">聯邦制</a>國家,由於聯邦是由若干分子國(如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美国州份">各州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>的各邦)所組成,這些分子國具有準國家性質,其政府組織一般不稱為地方政府。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在現代民主國家,中央政府與地方政府的權力分配一般以<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法">憲法</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95" title="行政法">行政法</a>規定;在單一制國家,中央政府授予地方政府有限权力,如制定地方<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="税收">税收</a>政策、实行有限的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法</a>等,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>上通常具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA" title="法人">法人</a>身分。在聯邦制國家,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯邦政府">聯邦政府</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" title="州">州</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="邦">邦</a>)政府透過聯邦憲法與州(邦)憲法劃分各自的權限,地方(州)政府向聯邦政府授予權力,如國防、外交等。沒有列舉給聯邦政府同時也沒有禁止地方政府行使之權力,則稱為剩除權力。中央政府與地方政府權力劃分有異議時,可以憲法法庭解決紛爭,憲法法庭則以國家構成的基本原則作判決考慮。 </p><p>很多国家的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="民族区域自治制度">民族自治</a>地区,较一般的地方政府具有较大的权利如<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法权</a>等。以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>為例,除了普通的地方制度之外,还設有各級之<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="自治地方">自治地方</a>;<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="澳门">澳门</a>在脱离<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民统治">殖民统治</a>以后,成为中華人民共和國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="特别行政区">特别行政区</a>,與行政地位相等的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81" title="省">省</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%B8%82" title="直辖市">直辖市</a>比較,另以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" title="基本法">基本法</a>给予香港及澳門更大的自治權。 </p><p>一個統一國家只有一個主權,即對內最高統治權以及對外最高代表權,一般集中在中央政府行使主權<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。作為中央政府組成部份之地方政府,一般不能與中央政府分享行使主權<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。地方政府不是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="國際法">國際法</a>主體,不能以國家身份參與國際社會政治活動<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。 </p><p>當地方政府與地方自治政府同意使用時,地方政府一般都是民選政府<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。任何一個統一國家都劃分中央政府與地方政府,但在地方政府組成上,不同國家卻有不同制度<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。在中央集權制下,中央政府集中主要或全部國家治理權力,地方政府很少或根本沒有自治權,即使有某種治理權力,也被視為中央政府授予<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。在此制度下,即使有地方政府,也不是自治政治意義上之地方政府<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。在地方分權制下,中央政府權力與地方政府權力一般有較明確劃分,形成嚴格意義上之地方自治政府<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。在中央集權制下,地方政府首長一般由中央委任,對中央負責<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。在地方分權制下,地方政府首長由當地選民直接選舉產生,並以此民選政府作為行使自治權之基本保障<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。 </p><p>地方政府不能僅是小於國家區域之政府,在主要聯邦制國家,行政區域比國家小並不是地方政府<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。聯邦制國家是由若干構成分子組成,這些構成分子具有準國家性質,所以一般不稱為地方政府<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聯邦制">聯邦制</a>下,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯邦政府">聯邦政府</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" title="州">州</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="邦">邦</a>)政府通過<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法">憲法</a>明劃分權限,而且聯邦政府有聯邦憲法,州(邦)政府有州(邦)憲法,各自有較強獨立性<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。沒有列舉給聯邦政府同時也沒有禁止地方政府行使之權力,當由地方政府保留<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概念"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:概念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>地方政府相對於中央政府來說,是統一國家之中央政府不可分割之組成部分<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:14</sup>。地方政府之概念表明中央政府與地方政府關係<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15</sup>。有中央政府,才有地方政府;反之亦然<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15-16</sup>。地方自治政府享有中央政府不能干預之地方特權,如財政權、治安權、教育權等<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16</sup>。尤其是財政權,是保證地方自治政府得以正常運轉之物質基礎<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16</sup>。地方政府財政稅收權大小決定其自治範圍和程度,中央政府控制地方政府財政便是中央控制地方最有力手段<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16</sup>。而事實上,任何一個中央政府都必須控制地方政府,即使是高度<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9D%83" title="地方分权">地方自治</a>亦然<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16</sup>。在此意義上,可以說,沒有完全、絕對之地方自治政府<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16</sup>。中央控制地方隨着地方分權程度而變化,形成中央與地方不同關係結構<sup id="cite_ref-自治政治_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各國實例"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.8B.E5.AF.A6.E4.BE.8B"></span>各國實例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:各國實例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>各國地方政府有不同組織形式和名稱<sup id="cite_ref-海_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-海-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1381</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="东亚"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E4.BA.9A"></span>东亚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:东亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中華民國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span>中華民國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:中華民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C#地方政府" title="中華民國政府">中華民國政府 § 地方政府</a></div> <p>依<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>《地方制度法》規定,直轄市、縣(市)、鄉(鎮、市、直轄市山地原住民區)皆為「<b>地方自治團體</b>」,對於部分轄內公共事務享有自治權限,地方自治團體的政府組織被稱為地方政府,包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="行政机关">行政機關</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法機關</a>,目前分為三個層級: </p> <ul><li>第一級 - <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="直轄市 (中華民國)">直轄市</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>行政機關:直轄市政府</dd> <dd>立法機關:直轄市議會</dd></dl> <ul><li>第二級 - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="縣 (中華民國)">縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="市 (中華民國)">市</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>行政機關:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="縣政府">縣政府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="市政府">市政府</a></dd> <dd>立法機關:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="縣議會">縣議會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="市议会">市議會</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>第三級 - <a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="鄉 (中華民國)">鄉</a>(含<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%84%89" title="山地鄉">山地鄉</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="鎮 (中華民國)">鎮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82" title="縣轄市">縣轄市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BD%84%E5%B8%82%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%80" title="直轄市山地原住民區">直轄市山地原住民區</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>行政機關:<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%89%80_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="公所 (中華民國)">鄉、鎮、(縣轄)市公所</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%89%80_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="公所 (中華民國)">(直轄市山地原住民區)區公所</a></dd> <dd>立法機關:鄉、鎮、(縣轄)市民代表會、直轄市山地原住民區民代表會</dd></dl> <p>地方政府分為三層級,當中<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="省 (中華民國)">省</a>、直轄市並列為第一級,縣、市與鄉、鎮、縣轄市、市轄區則分別為第二、三級,其層級與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="中華民國行政區劃">行政區劃</a>相對應。1998年<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E8%88%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E8%AA%BF%E6%95%B4" title="臺灣省政府功能業務與組織調整">臺灣省虛級化</a>後,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="臺灣省政府">臺灣省政府</a>的大部份<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1" title="业务">業務</a>被转移至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國政府">中央政府</a>,按司法院大法官釋字第467號解釋,省作為地方制度層級之地位並未喪失,但不再是地方自治團體性質之公法人。而縣、市的行政層級雖仍為第二級地方政府,但實質上已相當於第一級地方政府,惟直轄市依法獲得的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF" title="公共財政">公共財政</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="人力資源">人力資源</a>仍較縣、市為高。於現今<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>,人們使用「地方政府」一詞時,一般僅指直轄市、縣(市)的地方政府組織,而不及於第三級地方政府。地方行政機關統籌由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國內政部">內政部</a>監理。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中華人民共和國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B"></span>中華人民共和國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:中華人民共和國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="中华人民共和国行政区划">中华人民共和国行政区划</a></div> <p>中華人民共和國地方各級<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="人民政府">人民政府</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國國務院">國務院</a>統一領導下之國家行政機關<sup id="cite_ref-海_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-海-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1381</sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="党和国家机构">党和国家机构</a>之一。自中华人民共和国成立之始,即实行<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="黨國體制">党国体制</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87" title="党领导一切">党领导一切</a>,在地方行政上,各级<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94" title="党委">党委</a>负责人(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E5%A7%94%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="黨委書記">党委书记</a>)是地方行政的一把手,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%A6%96%E9%95%BF" title="地方行政首长">地方行政长官</a>通常是党委副职(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%89%AF%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="党委副书记(页面不存在)">党委副书记</a>),地方行政的二把手。 </p><p>中华人民共和国的地方政府層級,自1950年开始至1980年代,除<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%B8%82" title="直辖市">直辖市</a>以外,实际以三级(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="中国一级行政区">省级</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="县级行政区">县级</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="乡级行政区">乡级</a>)为主,和四级(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="中国一级行政区">省级</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="地级行政区">地级</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="县级行政区">县级</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="乡级行政区">乡级</a>)并存;1980年代以后转为四级为主,和三级并存,但亦存在例外情況。 </p><p>自1950年代以后,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国政府">中华人民共和国政府</a>對其行政区划进行了演变和调整。1980年代以前,广泛存在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="首府">省会</a>城市管县。1980年代以后,随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="工业化">工业化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="城市化">城市化</a>,出现“地区改市”、“县改市”和“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%B4%9A%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="地級市">撤地設市</a>”、“<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%A4%E5%8E%BF%E8%AE%BE%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="撤县设市">撤县設市</a>”,随之作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="地级行政区">地级行政区</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="地区">地区</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9F" title="盟">盟</a>多演变为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BA%A7%E5%B8%82" title="地级市">地级市</a>”、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF" title="县">县</a>演变为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E5%B8%82" title="县级市">县级市</a>”,随着地级市的大量涌现,原来作为省级政府派出机构的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%B2" title="地区行政公署">地区行署</a>演变为“地级市政府”,县政府转变为“市政府”;辖域没有多大变化或没有变化,但由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="行政區">准行政区</a>变为<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="行政区">行政区</a>,由原来的地区管县,转化为“地级市”管县、市(县级市)。除了特定例子外,省和自治区存在的四级形式为: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%81%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="省级人民政府(页面不存在)">省级人民政府</a>,分别为<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81" title="省">省</a>政府、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="自治区">自治区</a>政府、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%B8%82" title="直辖市">直辖市</a>政府</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地级人民政府(页面不存在)">地级人民政府</a>,分别为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BA%A7%E5%B8%82" title="地级市">地级市</a>政府、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="自治州">自治州</a>政府</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="县级人民政府(页面不存在)">县级人民政府</a>,分别为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="县政府">县政府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="自治县">自治县</a>政府、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E5%B8%82" title="县级市">县级市</a>政府、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="县级特区">县级特区</a>政府、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="市辖区">市辖区</a>政府,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="旗 (行政区划)">旗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%97%97" title="自治旗">自治旗</a>政府</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="乡级人民政府">乡级人民政府</a>,分别为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="乡政府">乡政府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="镇政府">镇政府</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">日本行政區劃</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>將其地方行政區劃定為「<b>地方公共團體</b>」(日语:<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">地方公共団体</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">ちほうこうきょうだんたい</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">chihō kōkyō dantai</span></i> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9B%A3%E4%BD%93" class="extiw" title="ja:地方公共団体"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em; font-size:85%;">*</span></a><small><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: .1 .1em;">/</span></small><small><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:日語"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></small></sup>)、或稱「<b>地方自治體</b>」(<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">地方自治体</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">ちほうじちたい</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">chihō jichitai</span></i></sup>),地方公共團體的政府組織即為地方政府,並依據《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="日本国宪法">日本國憲法</a>》與《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="地方自治法 (日本)">地方自治法</a>》分為兩大類型: </p> <ul><li>基礎型地方公共團體:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91" title="市町村">市町村</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%8D%80" title="特別區">特別區</a></li> <li>廣域型地方公共團體:<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">都道府縣</a></li></ul> <p>另在法律中,尚規定有別於市町村、都道府縣等「普通地方公共團體」的「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特別地方公共團體" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="特別地方公共団体"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特別地方公共團體(页面不存在)">特別地方公共團體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9B%A3%E4%BD%93" class="extiw" title="ja:特別地方公共団体"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">特別地方公共団体</span></a></span>)</span></span>」,包括特別區、地方公共團體的關聯組織(含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2" title="消防">消防</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%BE%86%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="自來水">上</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="下水道">下水道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a>處理、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9" title="社会福利">社會福利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="学校">學校</a>、部分<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公企業" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="公企業"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公企業(页面不存在)">公企業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:公企業"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">公企業</span></a></span>)</span></span>)、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="財產區" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="財産区"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="財產區(页面不存在)">財產區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A3%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:財産区"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">財産区</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地方開發事業團" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="地方開発事業団"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方開發事業團(页面不存在)">地方開發事業團</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%9B%A3" class="extiw" title="ja:地方開発事業団"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">地方開発事業団</span></a></span>)</span></span>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="大韓民國"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E9.9F.93.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span>大韓民國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:大韓民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>將其地方稱為「<b>地方自治團體</b>」(<span lang="ko">지방자치단체</span>),「<b>地方自治團體</b>」的政府組織即為地方政府,首長稱為自治團體長,類別如下: </p> <ul><li>第一級:廣域自治團體(<span lang="ko">광역자치단체</span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" title="特別市">特別市</a>:僅國都<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="首爾">首爾</a>用之。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" class="mw-disambig" title="广域市">廣域市</a>:目前共設有<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9C%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="釜山">釜山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="仁川">仁川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%82%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="大邱">大邱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" title="光州廣域市">光州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%B0%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="大田廣域市">大田</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%9A%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="蔚山">蔚山</a>等6個。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="道 (行政區劃)">道</a>:共8個,不含「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%94%E9%81%93" title="以北五道">以北五道</a>」。</li> <li>特別自治市:唯有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B8%82" title="世宗特別自治市">世宗特別自治市</a>。</li> <li>特別自治道:唯有<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%81%93" title="濟州特別自治道">濟州特別自治道</a>。</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>第二級:基礎自治團體(<span lang="ko">기초자치단체</span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82" title="市">市</a>:置於道之下,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="江原道 (韓國)">江原道</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%B8%82" title="江陵市">江陵市</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1" title="郡">郡</a>:置於道或廣域市之下,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E5%B0%9A%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="慶尚北道">慶尚北道</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%B1%E9%99%B5%E9%83%A1" title="鬱陵郡">鬱陵郡</a>、釜山<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%BC%B5%E9%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="機張郡">機張郡</a>。</li> <li>自治區:置於特別市或廣域市之下,如首爾<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%98%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%80" title="鐘路區">鐘路區</a>。</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>第三級 <ul><li>一般區(行政區):置於市(人口50萬以上)之下,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%BE%85%E5%8C%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="全羅北道">全羅北道</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="全州市">全州市</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="完山區(页面不存在)">完山區</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德津區(页面不存在)">德津區</a>。</li> <li>行政市:置於特別自治道之下,唯有<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%81%93" title="濟州特別自治道">濟州特別自治道</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="濟州市">濟州市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B8%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%82" title="西歸浦市">西歸浦市</a>。</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>第四級 <ul><li>邑:置於市或郡之下。</li> <li>面:置於市或郡之下。</li> <li>洞:置於市或區之下。</li></ul></li></ul> <p>第一級、第二級、第三級地方政府的名稱一律採用「廳」,例如「市廳、道廳、郡廳、區廳」,其首長分別稱為「市長、道知事、郡守、區廳長」。第四級單位的行政中心稱為「行政福祉中心」(<span lang="ko">행정복지센터</span>)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="东南亚"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E5.8D.97.E4.BA.9A"></span>东南亚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:东南亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="馬來西亞"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E4.BE.86.E8.A5.BF.E4.BA.9E"></span>馬來西亞</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:馬來西亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A)" class="mw-redirect" title="地方政府 (马来西亚)">地方政府 (马来西亚)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北非"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E9.9D.9E"></span>北非</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:北非"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="埃及"><span id=".E5.9F.83.E5.8F.8A"></span>埃及</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:埃及"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a>品質不佳,原文在<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government#Egypt" class="extiw" title="en:Local government">en:Local government#Egypt</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言,也可能使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="机器翻译">機器翻譯</a>。請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit">協助翻譯</a>本條目或重新編寫,并注意避免<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TNESE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TNESE">翻译腔</a>的问题。<b>明顯拙劣</b>的翻譯請改掛<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:D" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:D">d</a>|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD#G13" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CSD">G13</a>}}</code>提交刪除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由於埃及長期由軍政府統治,中央政府權力的高度集中,地方政府历来所擁有的權力皆不多。埃及由26個省所組成,二級行政區則被分为区、村和城镇。在每个层面,有一个管理结构,并结合议会和市长,人员分别由政府委任的行政机关由省长,区。总督是由总统任命,他们又在任命下属的行政人员。强制性的国家机器的运行骨干向下内政部透过省长行政机关向区警察局和村长。 </p><p>革命前,国家对农村地区的普及率是由当地名流的权力有限,但在纳赛尔,土地改革减少了市場经济的主导地位,和农民群众转移到地主的依赖政府的合作社注册成立。对官员到农村扩展允许的政权带来发展和服务的村庄。执政党的地方分支机构,阿拉伯社会主义联盟(机场特警),培养了一些农民的政治积极性和收编的地方知名人士,特别是村长,从制度和检查他们的独立性。 </p><p>国家渗透并没有退缩萨达特和穆巴拉克。早期的努力,调动农民和交付作为地方党委和枯萎消失合作服务,但在农民的行政控制仍然完好无损。旧的家庭和地方权力的村长在复苏,但更多的农民支出比状态。该地区警察局平衡知名人士,以及当地政府(市长和议会系统)集成到他们的政权。 </p><p>萨达特采取了若干措施,以权力下放给各省和城镇。省长43号法律下获得更多的权力。1979年,从而减少了对省,中央政府的行政和预算控制。选举产生的议会中拥有,至少在形式上,有权批准或不批准的地方预算。为了减少对中央财政当地需求,当地政府给予更广泛的权力,提高地方税。但是,地方议会成为政府开支的压力的车辆,以及当地政府的财政赤字攀升的机构,必须由中央政府支付。当地政府为鼓励私人投资者进入与合资企业,这些企业的带动和政府官员之间的联盟,平衡了当地的地方權力不均。根据穆巴拉克总统的权力下放和地方自治成为一个现实的,而且往往反映了当地特殊条件下的局部政策。因此,在上埃及的官员往往屈服于强大的伊斯兰运动的存在,而在港口城市的袭击与进口商联盟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北美"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E7.BE.8E"></span>北美</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:北美"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國的地方政府(页面不存在)">美國的地方政府</a></div> <p>美國的地方政府是指州以下的政府管轄區。大多數州至少有兩級地方政府:<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="郡 (美國)">郡</a>和自治體。在某些州,郡是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E5%8D%80_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="鎮區 (美國)">郡區</a>組成的。市級有幾種不同類型的轄區,包括市,鎮,堂區,自治市鎮,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="村 (美國)">村</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%9C%B0" title="印第安保留地">印第安保留地</a>和邊界。這些市政實體的類型和性質因州而異。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-海-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-海_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-海_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-海_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">辭海編輯委員會 (编). 《<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="辭海">辭海</a>》(1989年版). <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="上海辭書出版社">上海辭書出版社</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.au=%E8%BE%AD%E6%B5%B7%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%BE%AD%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%881989%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">藝術與建築索引典—地方政府,於2019年7月8日查閱</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-自治政治-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-0"><sup><b>3.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-1"><sup><b>3.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-2"><sup><b>3.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-3"><sup><b>3.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-4"><sup><b>3.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-5"><sup><b>3.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-6"><sup><b>3.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-7"><sup><b>3.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-8"><sup><b>3.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-9"><sup><b>3.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-10"><sup><b>3.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-11"><sup><b>3.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-12"><sup><b>3.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-13"><sup><b>3.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-14"><sup><b>3.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-15"><sup><b>3.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-16"><sup><b>3.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-17"><sup><b>3.17</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-18"><sup><b>3.18</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-19"><sup><b>3.19</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-20"><sup><b>3.20</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-21"><sup><b>3.21</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-自治政治_3-22"><sup><b>3.22</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">桑玉成. 《自治政治》. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97%EF%BC%88%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%EF%BC%89" title="三聯書店(香港)">三聯書店(香港)</a>. 1994. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9620411668" title="Special:网络书源/9620411668"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9620411668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.au=%E6%A1%91%E7%8E%89%E6%88%90&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9620411668&rft.pub=%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97%EF%BC%88%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%EF%BC%89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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