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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1868</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 176 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1868 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1868 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1868 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1868 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۶۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۶۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AE" title="১৮৬৮ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৬৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_n%C3%AE" title="1868 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1868 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1868 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1868 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868." title="1868. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1868." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1868 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1868 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۶۸ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۶۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%E5%B9%B4" title="1868年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1868年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1868-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1868-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1868년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE" title="१८६८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८६८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868." title="1868. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1868." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১৮৬৮ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৬৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1868-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1868-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%AE" title="೧೮೬೮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೬೮" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1868 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1868 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1868 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1868 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1868-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1868-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1868 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1868 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B8" title="1868 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1868 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868._gads" title="1868. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1868. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1868 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1868 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_m." title="1868 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1868 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE" title="१८६८ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८६८" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १८६८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८६८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%DB%B8" title="۱۸۶۸ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۶۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1868 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1868 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%86%E1%81%88" title="၁၈၆၈ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၆၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE" title="ई सं १८६८ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८६८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%E5%B9%B4" title="1868年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1868年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1868 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1868 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୮୬୮ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୬୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE" title="१८६८ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८६८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1868 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1868 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AE" title="१८६८ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८६८" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%D8%B9" title="1868ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1868ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A6%D9%A8" title="١٨٦٨ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٦٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1868 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1868 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2411" title="พ.ศ. 2411 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2411" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1868" title="Соли 1868 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1868" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1868 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1868 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%D8%A1" title="1868ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1868ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_nienz" title="1868 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1868 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E5%85%AD%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%B4" title="一八六八年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八六八年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%E5%B9%B4" title="1868年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1868年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868%E5%B9%B4" title="1868年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1868年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868" title="1868 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1868" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1868_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg/450px-1868_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1868_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg/675px-1868_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1868_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg/900px-1868_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3704" /></a><figcaption>From top left, clockwise: A <a href="/wiki/1868_Ecuador_earthquakes" title="1868 Ecuador earthquakes">series</a> of devastating earthquakes strike Ecuador (left) <a href="/wiki/1868_Arica_earthquake" title="1868 Arica earthquake">and southern Peru</a> (centre), killing a culminative estimate of 95,000 people; the first identified skeletons of <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cro-Magnons">Cro-Magnons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern humans">earliest modern humans</a> to occupy Europe, are discovered in <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> in France; the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> occurs in Japan after the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> is defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a>; Māori general <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru" title="Tītokowaru">Tītokowaru</a> wages an <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru%27s_War" title="Tītokowaru's War">initially successful war</a> against the British and the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand colonial government</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki" class="mw-redirect" title="South Taranaki">South Taranaki</a>; the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">Glorious Revolution</a> leads to the deposition and exile of <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II" title="Isabella II">Isabella II</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> is named by English astronomer <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lockyer" title="Norman Lockyer">Norman Lockyer</a> two months after contemporary <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Janssen" title="Pierre Janssen">Pierre Jannsen</a> accidentally discovers it; the expensive British expedition to <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Abyssinia</a> is successful in rescuing hostages of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tewodros_II" title="Tewodros II">Tewodros II</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1865" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1865">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1866">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1867" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1867">1867</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1868" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1868">1868</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1869" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1869">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1870" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1870">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1871">1871</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1868" title="Category:1868">1868 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_animation" title="1868 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_archaeology" title="1868 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_architecture" title="1868 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_art" title="1868 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_literature" title="1868 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_poetry" title="1868 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_music" title="1868 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Australia" title="1868 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Belgium" title="1868 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Brazil" title="1868 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Canada" title="1868 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_China" title="1868 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Denmark" title="1868 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_France" title="1868 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Germany" title="1868 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_New_Zealand" title="1868 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Norway" title="1868 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Portugal" title="1868 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Russia" title="1868 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_South_Africa" title="1868 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Spain" title="1868 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Sweden" title="1868 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1868 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_the_United_States" title="1868 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_rail_transport" title="1868 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_science" title="1868 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_sports" title="1868 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1868" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1868">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_in_law" title="Category:1868 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_births" title="Category:1868 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_deaths" title="Category:1868 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_establishments" title="Category:1868 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_disestablishments" title="Category:1868 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_works" title="Category:1868 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1868 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1868<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCLXVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2621</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1317<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԺԷ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6618</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>24–25</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1789–1790</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1275</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2818</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>31 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 32 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2412</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1230</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7376–7377</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丁卯</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />4565 or 4358<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />戊辰年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />4566 or 4359</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1584–1585</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3034</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1860–1861</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5628–5629</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1924–1925</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1789–1790</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4968–4969</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11868</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>868–869</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1246–1247</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1284–1285</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kei%C5%8D" title="Keiō">Keiō</a> 4 / <a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> 1<br />(明治元年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1796–1797</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4201</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>44 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前44年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>400</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2410–2411</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴火兔年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />1994 or 1613 or 841<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳土龙年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />1995 or 1614 or 842</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1868" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1868">1868</a></span>.</div></div> </div><p><b>1868</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCLXVIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Leap year starting on Wednesday">leap year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Leap year starting on Monday">leap year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1868th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 868th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 68th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 9th year of the <a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a> decade. As of the start of 1868, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png/220px-Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png/330px-Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png/440px-Mutsuhito-Emperor-Meiji-1873.png 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">British Expedition to Abyssinia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Napier,_1st_Baron_Napier_of_Magdala" title="Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala">Robert Napier</a> leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> of Japan, declares the <i><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></i>, his own restoration to full power, under the influence of supporters from the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Domain" title="Chōshū Domain">Chōshū</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma Domains</a>, and against the supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>, triggering the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>: Brazilian Army commander <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alves_de_Lima_e_Silva,_Duke_of_Caxias" title="Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias">Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias</a>, enters <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>'s capital. Some days later he declares the war is over. Nevertheless, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Solano_L%C3%B3pez" title="Francisco Solano López">Francisco Solano López</a>, Paraguay's president, prepares guerrillas to fight in the countryside.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas Constitutional Convention of 1868">Arkansas constitutional convention</a> meets in <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">Penal transportation</a> from <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> to <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">Australia</a> ends, with arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Convict_ship" title="Convict ship">convict ship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hougoumont_(ship)" title="Hougoumont (ship)">Hougoumont</a></i> in Western Australia, after an 89-day voyage from England. There are 62 <a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenians</a> among the transportees.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a> declares the emperor's declaration "illegal", and prepares to attack <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a>–<a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" title="Battle of Toba–Fushimi">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</a>: forces of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> and the allied pro-Imperial forces of the Chōshū, Satsuma and <a href="/wiki/Tosa_Domain" title="Tosa Domain">Tosa Domains</a> clash near <a href="/wiki/Fushimi,_Kyoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fushimi, Kyoto">Fushimi, Kyoto</a>, ending in a decisive victory for the Imperial forces (although in the <a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> naval <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Awa" title="Battle of Awa">Battle of Awa</a>, the Shogunate is victorious against Satsuma).</li> <li>February–May – <a href="/wiki/Flying_Foam_massacre" title="Flying Foam massacre">Flying Foam massacre</a>, a massacre of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> around <a href="/wiki/Flying_Foam_Passage" title="Flying Foam Passage">Flying Foam Passage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> by white colonial settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – Foreign ministers meeting in <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Hyōgo</a> are persuaded to recognise the restored <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> of Japan, with promises that harbours will be open in accordance with international treaties.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> sanctions the formation of what becomes the <a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Rifles" title="Post Office Rifles">Army Post Office Corps</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – In New York City, the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the <i><a href="/wiki/Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks" title="Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks">Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks</a></i> (BPOE).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Passage_of_Humait%C3%A1" title="Passage of Humaitá">Passage of Humaitá</a>, a Brazilian naval force succeeds in dashing past a Paraguayan fortress on the <a href="/wiki/River_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="River Paraguay">River Paraguay</a>, considered by some the turning point in the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a>: Three days after his action to dismiss <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Edwin M. Stanton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> votes 126–47 in favor of a resolution to <a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">impeach</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, the first of three Presidents to be impeached by the full House. Johnson is later acquitted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>.</li> <li>The first parade to have floats takes place at <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – French <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lartet" title="Louis Lartet">Louis Lartet</a> discovers the first identified skeletons of <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern humans">early modern humans</a> (early <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>), at Abri de Crô-Magnon, a rock shelter at <a href="/wiki/Les_Eyzies" title="Les Eyzies">Les Eyzies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>, France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a>, is shot in the back in Sydney, Australia, at a fundraising event for the Sydney Sailors Home, by Irishman <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_O%27Farrell" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry James O'Farrell">Henry James O'Farrell</a>. The prince survives and quickly recovers; O'Farrell is executed on <a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a>, despite attempts by the prince to gain clemency for him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Basutoland</a> is proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a>, becoming independent in <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> as Lesotho.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, when the Organic Act is signed into <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> law.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Life_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Life Insurance Company">Metropolitan Life Insurance Company</a> is formed, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario_Shore_Railroad" title="Lake Ontario Shore Railroad">Lake Ontario Shore Railroad</a> Company is organized in <a href="/wiki/Oswego,_New_York" title="Oswego, New York">Oswego, New York</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – The first transnational women's organization, <i><a href="/wiki/Association_internationale_des_femmes" title="Association internationale des femmes">Association internationale des femmes</a></i>, is founded.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Hampton_University" title="Hampton University">Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute</a> is established in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Charter_Oath" title="Charter Oath">Charter Oath</a>, drawn up by his councilors, is promulgated at the enthronement of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> of Japan, promising deliberative assemblies and an end to <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tewodros_II" title="Tewodros II">Tewodros II</a> of Ethiopia massacres at least 197 of his own people at <a href="/wiki/Amba_Mariam" title="Amba Mariam">Magdala</a>. These are prisoners incarcerated, for the most part, for very trivial offenses, and are killed for requesting bread and water.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdala" title="Battle of Magdala">Battle of Magdala</a>: A British-Indian task force under <a href="/wiki/Robert_Napier,_1st_Baron_Napier_of_Magdala" title="Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala">Robert Napier</a> inflicts 700 deaths and a crushing defeat on the army of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tewodros_II" title="Tewodros II">Tewodros II</a>; the British and Indians suffer 30 wounded, two of whom subsequently die. Tewodros commits suicide and Magdala is captured, ending the <a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">British Expedition to Abyssinia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a>–July – <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Edo" title="Fall of Edo">Fall of Edo</a>: The Japanese city surrenders to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a> submits to the Emperor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a> brokers the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Laramie_(1868)" title="Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)">Treaty of Fort Laramie</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government of the United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians">Plains Indians</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utsunomiya_Castle" title="Battle of Utsunomiya Castle">Battle of Utsunomiya Castle</a>, Japan: Forces of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> resist the retreating troops of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> is twice acquitted during <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">his impeachment trial</a>, by one vote in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenian</a> bomber <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barrett_(Fenian)" title="Michael Barrett (Fenian)">Michael Barrett</a> becomes the last person publicly <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanged</a> in the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Punishment_Amendment_Act_1868" title="Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868">Capital Punishment Amendment Act</a>, thus ending public hanging.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> is observed in the United States for the first time (it was proclaimed on <a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> by General <a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spence" title="Thomas Spence">Thomas Spence</a> declares himself president of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Manitobah" title="Republic of Manitobah">Republic of Manitobah</a> in Canada; he soon alienates the locals.</li> <li>The first popular bicycle race is held at <a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Parc de Saint-Cloud">Parc de Saint-Cloud</a>, Paris.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru%27s_War" title="Tītokowaru's War">Tītokowaru's War</a> breaks out in the <a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_District" title="South Taranaki District">South Taranaki District</a> of New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> between the Ngāti Ruanui <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> tribe and the New Zealand Government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bosque_Redondo" title="Treaty of Bosque Redondo">Treaty of Bosque Redondo</a> is signed, allowing the Navajo to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mihailo_Obrenovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihailo Obrenović">Mihailo Obrenović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Prince of Serbia</a>, is assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1utnjak" title="Košutnjak">Košutnjak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – Fort Fred Steele is established to protect what is at this time the western terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific Railway">Union Pacific Railway</a>, near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Sinclair,_Wyoming" title="Sinclair, Wyoming">Sinclair, Wyoming</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Tetons11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Grand_Tetons11.jpg/220px-Grand_Tetons11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Grand_Tetons11.jpg/330px-Grand_Tetons11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Grand_Tetons11.jpg/440px-Grand_Tetons11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming Territory</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – The cable-operated <a href="/wiki/IRT_Ninth_Avenue_Line#History" title="IRT Ninth Avenue Line">West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">elevated railway</a> in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ueno" title="Battle of Ueno">Battle of Ueno</a>: Imperial Japanese troops defeat the <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgitai" title="Shōgitai">Shōgitai</a> (elite forces remaining loyal to the <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shōgun</a></i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – Preacher <a href="/wiki/William_Booth" title="William Booth">William Booth</a> establishes the Christian Mission, predecessor of <a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End of London</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> is ratified.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> people begin their long march home.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/United_States_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="United States territory">United States territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>: The Allies, in an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious operation">amphibious operation</a>, capture the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Humait%C3%A1" title="Humaitá">Humaitá</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – The United States <a href="/wiki/Expatriation_Act_of_1868" title="Expatriation Act of 1868">Expatriation Act</a> ("An Act concerning the Rights of American Citizens in foreign States") is adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> is adopted, including the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Clause" title="Citizenship Clause">Citizenship Clause</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal Protection Clause</a>, legally, if not actually, guaranteeing <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> full citizenship and equal protection, and all persons in the United States <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> of law.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The 8.5–9.0 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a> <a href="/wiki/1868_Arica_earthquake" title="1868 Arica earthquake">Arica earthquake</a> strikes southern <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of XI (<i>Extreme</i>), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin-wide <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, that affects Hawaii and New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – The element later named as <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> is first detected in the <a href="/wiki/Emission_spectrum" title="Emission spectrum">spectrum</a> of the Sun's <a href="/wiki/Chromosphere" title="Chromosphere">chromosphere</a>, by <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Janssen" title="Pierre Janssen">Jules Janssen</a>, during a total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_August_18,_1868" title="Solar eclipse of August 18, 1868">eclipse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">British India</a>, but is assumed to be <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abergele_rail_disaster" title="Abergele rail disaster">Abergele rail disaster</a> in Wales: An <i>Irish Mail</i> passenger train collides with 4 cargo trucks loaded with paraffin oil (more akin to modern <a href="/wiki/Kerosine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerosine">kerosine</a>); 33 are killed (the first major train disaster in Britain).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou_riot" title="Yangzhou riot">Yangzhou riot</a> in China targets a station of the <a href="/wiki/China_Inland_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="China Inland Mission">China Inland Mission</a>, and nearly leads to war between Britain and China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">Glorious Revolution</a>: Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a> is effectively deposed and sent into exile; she formally <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdicates</a> on <a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a>, <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> of Japan announces that the name of the city of <a href="/wiki/Edo_(Tokyo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edo (Tokyo)">Edo</a> is to be changed to Tokyo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru%27s_War" title="Tītokowaru's War">Tītokowaru's War</a>: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> leader <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru" title="Tītokowaru">Tītokowaru</a> defeats a New Zealand military force at Te Ngutu o Te Manu, North Island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the South">University of the South</a> holds its first convocation in <a href="/wiki/Sewanee,_Tennessee" title="Sewanee, Tennessee">Sewanee, Tennessee</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grito_de_Lares" title="Grito de Lares">Grito de Lares</a>: Rebels (some 400–600 led by <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Emeterio_Betances" title="Ramón Emeterio Betances">Ramón Emeterio Betances</a>) in the town of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Lares</a> declare <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> independent; the local militia easily defeats them a week later.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Hungarian_Settlement" title="Croatian–Hungarian Settlement">Croatian–Hungarian Settlement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Horvát–magyar kiegyezés</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kroatisch-Ungarischer Ausgleich</i>) is concluded, governing Croatia's political status in the Hungarian-ruled part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> until <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Opelousas_massacre" title="Opelousas massacre">Opelousas massacre</a>, one of the bloodiest massacres of the Reconstruction era in the United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> starts to rule in <a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom">Siam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – The City of New York grants <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Manhattan)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)">Mount Sinai Hospital</a> a 99-year lease for a property on <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th Street</a>, for the sum of $1.00.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_de_C%C3%A9spedes" title="Carlos Manuel de Céspedes">Carlos Manuel de Céspedes</a> declares a revolt against Spanish rule in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, in an event known as <i>El Grito de Yara</i> or the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</a>, initiating a war that lasts ten years (Cuba ultimately loses the war at a cost of 400,000 lives and widespread destruction).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> <ul><li>English astronomer <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lockyer" title="Norman Lockyer">Norman Lockyer</a> observes and names the D<sub>3</sub> <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraunhofer line">Fraunhofer line</a> in the solar spectrum, and concludes that it is caused by a hitherto unidentified <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">element</a>, which he later names <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perucho_Figueredo" title="Perucho Figueredo">Pedro Figueredo</a> creates the <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> national anthem, <i><a href="/wiki/El_Himno_de_Bayamo" class="mw-redirect" title="El Himno de Bayamo">El Himno de Bayamo</a></i>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – The current <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese era name</a> is changed to the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a>. The 265-year-long <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Uspenski_Cathedral" title="Uspenski Cathedral">Uspenski Cathedral</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Gornostayev" title="Aleksey Gornostayev">Aleksey Gornostayev</a>, is inaugurated in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki,_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki, Finland">Helsinki, Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> applies for his first patent, the electric vote recorder.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a>: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time, to be observed nationally.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868 United States presidential election</a>: Republican <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> defeats Democrat <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_(Battle_of_Washita).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_%28Battle_of_Washita%29.jpg/220px-The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_%28Battle_of_Washita%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_%28Battle_of_Washita%29.jpg/330px-The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_%28Battle_of_Washita%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_%28Battle_of_Washita%29.jpg/440px-The_Seventh_U._S._Cavalry_charging_in_Black_Kettle%27s_village_at_daylight_%28Battle_of_Washita%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Washita River">Battle of Washita River</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – The Battle of Moturoa, New Zealand, ends in a British defeat, due to an underestimate of <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtokowaru" title="Tītokowaru">Tītokowaru</a> and his fortifications. There are heavy casualties for the colonial army and light casualties for the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> defenders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Washita River">Battle of Washita River</a>: In the early morning, United States Army <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a> leads an attack on a band of <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> living on reservation land with Chief <a href="/wiki/Black_Kettle" title="Black Kettle">Black Kettle</a>, killing 103 Cheyenne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Battle of Hakodate">Battle of Hakodate</a> begins in Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Humber" title="Thomas Humber">Thomas Humber</a> invented the <a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">safety bicycle</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ytoror%C3%B3" title="Battle of Ytororó">Battle of Ytororó</a> or Itororó: Field-Marshal <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alves_de_Lima_e_Silva,_Duke_of_Caxias" title="Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias">Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias</a>, leads 13,000 Brazilian troops against a Paraguayan fortified position of 5,000 troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – The world's first <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic signal lights</a> are installed at the junction of Great George Street and Bridge Street in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough of Westminster">London Borough of Westminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – The Greek <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_(Greece)" title="Presidential Guard (Greece)">Presidential Guard</a> is established as the royal escort by <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George I</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> grants unconditional pardon to all <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> rebels.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Arthur_Ducos_du_Hauron" title="Louis Arthur Ducos du Hauron">Louis Arthur Ducos du Hauron</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> methods of <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">color photography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> discovers what he thinks is primordial matter and names it <i><a href="/wiki/Bathybius_haeckelii" title="Bathybius haeckelii">bathybius haeckelii</a></i> (he admits his mistake in <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Julian" title="Académie Julian">Académie Julian</a>, a major art school in Paris, France, that admits women, is established.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Grammar_School" title="Brisbane Grammar School">Brisbane Grammar School</a> is founded, providing the opportunity for secondary education for the first time in the colony of <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> in Australia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Maryland School for the Deaf">Maryland School for the Deaf</a> is established.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dortmunder_Actien_Brauerei" title="Dortmunder Actien Brauerei">Dortmunder Actien Brauerei</a> is founded in Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrenh%C3%A4user_Brewery" title="Herrenhäuser Brewery">Herrenhäuser Brewery</a> is established in <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Jamsetji_Tata" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamsetji Tata">Jamsetji Tata</a> as a trading company in India.</li> <li>Scottish merchant <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blake_Glover" title="Thomas Blake Glover">Thomas Blake Glover</a> develops Japan's first <a href="/wiki/Coal_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal mine">coal mine</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hashima_Island" title="Hashima Island">Hashima Island</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tucson" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson">Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson</a> is established as the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Vicariate">Apostolic Vicariate</a> of Arizona in 1868, taking its territory from the former <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Santa_Fe" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe">Diocese of Santa Fe</a>. The Diocese of Tucson is canonically erected on May 8, 1897.</li> <li>The population of Japan reaches c. 30 million.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felix_Hoffman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Felix_Hoffman.jpg/100px-Felix_Hoffman.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Felix_Hoffman.jpg/150px-Felix_Hoffman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Felix_Hoffman.jpg/200px-Felix_Hoffman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hoffmann" title="Felix Hoffmann">Felix Hoffmann</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countess_Markiewicz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Countess_Markiewicz.jpg/100px-Countess_Markiewicz.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Countess_Markiewicz.jpg/150px-Countess_Markiewicz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Countess_Markiewicz.jpg/200px-Countess_Markiewicz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Countess_Markiewicz" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Markiewicz">Countess Markiewicz</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Snitz_Edwards" title="Snitz Edwards">Snitz Edwards</a>, Hungarian-born actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Monti" title="Vittorio Monti">Vittorio Monti</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/S._P._L._S%C3%B8rensen" title="S. P. L. Sørensen">S. P. L. Sørensen</a>, Danish chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cai_Yuanpei" title="Cai Yuanpei">Cai Yuanpei</a>, Chinese educator (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Lossow" title="Otto von Lossow">Otto von Lossow</a>, Bavarian and German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kantar%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Kantarō Suzuki">Kantarō Suzuki</a>, 29th Prime Minister of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Hoffmann" title="Felix Hoffmann">Felix Hoffmann</a>, German chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore William Richards</a>, American chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Constance Markievicz</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Elliott" title="Maxine Elliott">Maxine Elliott</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Faversham" title="William Faversham">William Faversham</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Curtis" title="Edward S. Curtis">Edward S. Curtis</a>, American photographer, ethnologist, and film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a>, African American civil rights leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Dumitrescu_(general)" title="Constantin Dumitrescu (general)">Constantin Dumitrescu</a>, Romanian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsumura_Tatsuo_(admiral)" title="Matsumura Tatsuo (admiral)">Matsumura Tatsuo</a>, Japanese admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venceslau_Br%C3%A1s" title="Venceslau Brás">Venceslau Brás</a>, Brazilian president (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Trotha" title="Adolf von Trotha">Adolf von Trotha</a>, German admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Emily Murphy</a>, Canadian woman's rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a>, American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Lockwood_(cricketer)" title="Bill Lockwood (cricketer)">Bill Lockwood</a>, English cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a>, Russian author (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cawthorn" title="Joseph Cawthorn">Joseph Cawthorn</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Face_Nicholas_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Face_Nicholas_II.jpg/100px-Face_Nicholas_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Face_Nicholas_II.jpg/150px-Face_Nicholas_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Face_Nicholas_II.jpg/200px-Face_Nicholas_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_L._Hines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_L._Hines.jpg/100px-John_L._Hines.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_L._Hines.jpg/150px-John_L._Hines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_L._Hines.jpg/200px-John_L._Hines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hines" title="John L. Hines">John L. Hines</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg/100px-Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg/150px-Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg/200px-Scott_of_the_Antarctic_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg/100px-Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg/150px-Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg/200px-Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horthy_the_regent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Horthy_the_regent.jpg/100px-Horthy_the_regent.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Horthy_the_regent.jpg/150px-Horthy_the_regent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Horthy_the_regent.jpg/200px-Horthy_the_regent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Rostand" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a>, French poet and playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Arliss" title="George Arliss">George Arliss</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akiyama_Saneyuki" title="Akiyama Saneyuki">Akiyama Saneyuki</a>, Japanese admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zde%C5%88ka_Wiedermannov%C3%A1-Moty%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" title="Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková">Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková</a>, Moravian pioneer of female education (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Moisant" title="John Moisant">John Moisant</a>, American aviator (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Maley" title="Willie Maley">Willie Maley</a>, Scottish football player and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leroux" title="Gaston Leroux">Gaston Leroux</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Shean" title="Al Shean">Al Shean</a>, German-born actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hines" title="John L. Hines">John L. Hines</a>, American general, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army">Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II">Abdülmecid II</a>, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fusajiro_Yamauchi" title="Fusajiro Yamauchi">Fusajiro Yamauchi</a>, Japanese entrepreneur and founder of Nintendo (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> or <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a>, Irish-Scots socialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>, English Antarctic explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh" title="Charles Rennie Mackintosh">Charles Rennie Mackintosh</a>, Scottish architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sealy_Townsend" title="John Sealy Townsend">John Sealy Townsend</a>, Irish mathematical physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_B._Eckstein" title="Anna B. Eckstein">Anna B. Eckstein</a>, German peace campaigner (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a>, Austrian biologist and physician, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Chaytor" title="Edward Chaytor">Edward Chaytor</a>, New Zealand general (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Traian_Mo%C8%99oiu" title="Traian Moșoiu">Traian Moșoiu</a>, Romanian general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Swan_Leavitt" title="Henrietta Swan Leavitt">Henrietta Swan Leavitt</a>, American astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">Stefan George</a>, German poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Bell" title="Gertrude Bell">Gertrude Bell</a>, English archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nobuyoshi_Mut%C5%8D" title="Nobuyoshi Mutō">Nobuyoshi Mutō</a>, Japanese field marshal and ambassador (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhirev" title="Mikhail Bakhirev">Mikhail Bakhirev</a>, Russian admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florence_Foster_Jenkins" title="Florence Foster Jenkins">Florence Foster Jenkins</a>, American socialite and amateur operatic soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Miron of Romania">Patriarch Miron of Romania</a>, 38th Prime Minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Srivilailaksana" title="Srivilailaksana">Srivilailaksana</a> The Princess of Suphanburi daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> of Siam and Chao Chom Manda Pae Bunnag (d.<a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Wulf" title="Theodor Wulf">Theodor Wulf</a>, German physicist and Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Merikanto" title="Oskar Merikanto">Oskar Merikanto</a>, Finnish composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Claudel" title="Paul Claudel">Paul Claudel</a>, French poet, dramatist and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oo_Zun" title="Oo Zun">Oo Zun</a>, Burmese social worker and Buddhist nun (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wetzer" title="Martin Wetzer">Martin Wetzer</a>, Finnish general (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Eckener" title="Hugo Eckener">Hugo Eckener</a>, German dirigible engineer, Commander of <i><a href="/wiki/Graf_Zeppelin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Graf Zeppelin I">Graf Zeppelin I</a></i> (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Lee_Masters" title="Edgar Lee Masters">Edgar Lee Masters</a>, American poet, biographer and dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(Alberta_politician,_born_1868)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Stewart (Alberta politician, born 1868)">Charles Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">Premier of Alberta</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bourassa" title="Henri Bourassa">Henri Bourassa</a>, Canadian politician and publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin">Heinrich Häberlin</a>, Swiss politician, member of the Federal Council (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Calder" title="James Alexander Calder">James Alexander Calder</a>, Canadian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_T._Raulston" title="John T. Raulston">John T. Raulston</a>, American state judge (Scopes Monkey Trial) (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Brewster_Hazelton,_est_1900-1910.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mary_Brewster_Hazelton%2C_est_1900-1910.png/100px-Mary_Brewster_Hazelton%2C_est_1900-1910.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mary_Brewster_Hazelton%2C_est_1900-1910.png/150px-Mary_Brewster_Hazelton%2C_est_1900-1910.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mary_Brewster_Hazelton%2C_est_1900-1910.png/200px-Mary_Brewster_Hazelton%2C_est_1900-1910.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brewster_Hazelton" title="Mary Brewster Hazelton">Mary Brewster Hazelton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alessandri_Ulk_(1932).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Alessandri_Ulk_%281932%29.jpg/100px-Alessandri_Ulk_%281932%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Alessandri_Ulk_%281932%29.jpg/150px-Alessandri_Ulk_%281932%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Alessandri_Ulk_%281932%29.jpg/200px-Alessandri_Ulk_%281932%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alessandri" title="Arturo Alessandri">Arturo Alessandri</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fritz_Haber.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fritz_Haber.png/110px-Fritz_Haber.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fritz_Haber.png/165px-Fritz_Haber.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fritz_Haber.png/220px-Fritz_Haber.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Torcuato_de_Alvear" title="Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear">Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear</a>, President of Argentina (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._B._Johnson_(Florida_politician)" title="J. B. Johnson (Florida politician)">J. B. Johnson</a>, American attorney and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Swinton" title="Ernest Swinton">Ernest Swinton</a>, British Army general (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_David-N%C3%A9el" title="Alexandra David-Néel">Alexandra David-Néel</a>, French explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Cabreira" title="António Cabreira">António Cabreira</a>, Portuguese polygraph (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Delfim_Moreira" title="Delfim Moreira">Delfim Moreira</a>, Brazilian president (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Hausdorff" title="Felix Hausdorff">Felix Hausdorff</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Dressler" title="Marie Dressler">Marie Dressler</a>, Canadian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann" title="Korbinian Brodmann">Korbinian Brodmann</a>, German neurologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Brewster_Hazelton" title="Mary Brewster Hazelton">Mary Brewster Hazelton</a>, American portrait painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a>, German theoretical physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a>, German chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_H._Porter" title="Eleanor H. Porter">Eleanor H. Porter</a>, American novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alessandri" title="Arturo Alessandri">Arturo Alessandri</a>, Chilean statesman, 3-Time <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President of Chile</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_W._Fuller" title="George W. Fuller">George W. Fuller</a>, American sanitation engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jaan_T%C3%B5nisson" title="Jaan Tõnisson">Jaan Tõnisson</a>, 2nd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Besserer" title="Eugenie Besserer">Eugenie Besserer</a>, American silent film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><i>probable</i> – <a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a>, African American ragtime composer and pianist (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Damien_Marchesseault" title="Damien Marchesseault">Damien Marchesseault</a>, 7th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles" title="Mayor of Los Angeles">Mayor of Los Angeles</a> (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Erd%C3%A9lyi" title="János Erdélyi">János Erdélyi</a>, Hungarian poet and ethnographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Stifter" title="Adalbert Stifter">Adalbert Stifter</a>, Austrian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lai_Wenguang" title="Lai Wenguang">Lai Wenguang</a>, Chinese leader of the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nien_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nien Rebellion">Nien Rebellion</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1827" title="1827">1827</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">Sir David Brewster</a>, Scottish physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault" title="Léon Foucault">Léon Foucault</a>, French physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venancio_Flores" title="Venancio Flores">Venancio Flores</a>, Uruguayan general and president of <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Chisholm" title="Jesse Chisholm">Jesse Chisholm</a>, American pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_von_Stadion_und_Thannhausen" title="Philipp von Stadion und Thannhausen">Philipp von Stadion und Thannhausen</a>, Austrian field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Brudenell,_7th_Earl_of_Cardigan" title="James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan">James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan</a>, British military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Franz Berwald</a>, Swedish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_D%27Arcy_McGee" title="Thomas D'Arcy McGee">Thomas D'Arcy McGee</a>, Canadian father of confederation (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_2nd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury">James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury</a>, British politician and peer (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – Emperor Theodore or <a href="/wiki/Tewodros_II" title="Tewodros II">Tewodros II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> by suicide (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_O%27Farrell" title="Henry O'Farrell">Henry O'Farrell</a>, Irish-Australian criminal (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brougham,_1st_Baron_Brougham_and_Vaux" title="Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux">Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bennett_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Bennett (U.S. politician)">Henry Bennett</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Crawfurd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/John_Crawfurd.jpg/110px-John_Crawfurd.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/John_Crawfurd.jpg/165px-John_Crawfurd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/John_Crawfurd.jpg/220px-John_Crawfurd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Crawfurd" title="John Crawfurd">John Crawfurd</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Crawfurd" title="John Crawfurd">John Crawfurd</a>, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author, last British Resident of Singapore (b. <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isami_Kondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Isami Kondo">Isami Kondo</a>, Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker" title="Julius Plücker">Julius Plücker</a>, German mathematician and physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a>, American trapper, scout, and Indian agent (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>, 15th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Anka_Obrenovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anka Obrenović">Princess Anka Obrenović</a>, Serbian princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heber_C._Kimball" title="Heber C. Kimball">Heber C. Kimball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)">Latter Day Saint</a> leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Lillie" title="John Scott Lillie">Sir John Lillie</a>, British army officer, entrepreneur and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg/110px-Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg/165px-Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg/220px-Rossini_c._1850-litho-F_Perrin.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adah_Isaacs_Menken,_age_19,_1854-55.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Adah_Isaacs_Menken%2C_age_19%2C_1854-55.jpg/110px-Adah_Isaacs_Menken%2C_age_19%2C_1854-55.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Adah_Isaacs_Menken%2C_age_19%2C_1854-55.jpg/165px-Adah_Isaacs_Menken%2C_age_19%2C_1854-55.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Adah_Isaacs_Menken%2C_age_19%2C_1854-55.jpg/220px-Adah_Isaacs_Menken%2C_age_19%2C_1854-55.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adah_Isaacs_Menken" title="Adah Isaacs Menken">Adah Isaacs Menken</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg/110px-King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg/165px-King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg/220px-King_Mongkut_of_Siam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harada_Sanosuke" title="Harada Sanosuke">Harada Sanosuke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a> Captain (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Okita_S%C5%8Dji" title="Okita Sōji">Okita Sōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a> Captain (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a> or <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Bland" title="William Bland">William Bland</a>, Australian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rolfe,_1st_Baron_Cranworth" title="Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth">Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Elliotson" title="John Elliotson">John Elliotson</a>, English physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Welch_(architect)" title="Edward Welch (architect)">Edward Welch</a>, Welsh architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Ampudia" title="Pedro de Ampudia">Pedro de Ampudia</a>, Mexican General (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adah_Isaacs_Menken" title="Adah Isaacs Menken">Adah Isaacs Menken</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Birch-Pfeiffer" title="Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer">Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer</a>, German actress, writer and theater director (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Sch%C3%B6nbein" title="Christian Friedrich Schönbein">Christian Friedrich Schönbein</a>, German chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Gyulay" title="Ferenc Gyulay">Ferenc Gyulay</a>, Hungarian nobleman, general and governor (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mzilikazi" title="Mzilikazi">Mzilikazi</a>, first king of <a href="/wiki/Mthwakazi" title="Mthwakazi">Mthwakazi</a> (b. c.1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_James_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria James (poet)">Maria James</a>, Welsh-born American poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Sprague_(Michigan_politician)" title="William Sprague (Michigan politician)">William Sprague</a>, American minister and politician from Michigan (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_Ferdinand_M%C3%B6bius" title="August Ferdinand Möbius">August Ferdinand Möbius</a>, German mathematician and astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> (Rama IV), <a href="/wiki/King_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Siam">King of Siam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Howell Cobb</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laura_Secord" title="Laura Secord">Laura Secord</a>, Canadian patriot (b. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Longley" title="Charles Longley">Charles Longley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Mayer_de_Rothschild" title="James Mayer de Rothschild">James Mayer de Rothschild</a>, German-born banker (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – Chief <a href="/wiki/Black_Kettle" title="Black Kettle">Black Kettle</a>, Southern Cheyenne Peace Chief, Survivor of <a href="/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre" title="Sand Creek massacre">Sand Creek massacre</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_Schleicher" title="August Schleicher">August Schleicher</a>, German linguist (b. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Benjamin_Edwardes" title="Herbert Benjamin Edwardes">Sir Herbert Edwardes</a>, British army general and colonial administrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linus_Yale,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Yale, Jr.">Linus Yale, Jr.</a>, American inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Kingsbury" title="Cyrus Kingsbury">Cyrus Kingsbury</a>, American missionary and Choctaw linguist (b.1786)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1868&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Penguin Pocket On This Day</i>. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0"><bdi>0-14-102715-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Pocket+On+This+Day&rft.pub=Penguin+Reference+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-102715-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatow1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mason_Satow" title="Ernest Mason Satow">Satow, Ernest</a> (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174127"><i>A Diplomat in Japan: the inner history of the critical years in the evolution of Japan when the ports were opened and the monarchy restored</i></a>. London: Seeley, Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Diplomat+in+Japan%3A+the+inner+history+of+the+critical+years+in+the+evolution+of+Japan+when+the+ports+were+opened+and+the+monarchy+restored&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Seeley%2C+Service&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Satow&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.174127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGara1983" class="citation conference cs1">Gara, T. J. (May 1983). Smith, Moya (ed.). <i>The Flying Foam Massacre: An Incident on North West Frontier, Western Australia</i>. Papers presented in Section 25A, Archaeology, of the 53rd <a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science">ANZAAS</a> Congress. Perth: Western Australian Museum. pp. 86–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0724497501" title="Special:BookSources/0724497501"><bdi>0724497501</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16757628">16757628</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Flying+Foam+Massacre%3A+An+Incident+on+North+West+Frontier%2C+Western+Australia&rft.place=Perth&rft.pages=86-94&rft.pub=Western+Australian+Museum&rft.date=1983-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16757628&rft.isbn=0724497501&rft.aulast=Gara&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolak2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Polak" title="Christian Polak">Polak, Christian</a> (2001). <i>Soie et lumières: l'âge d'or des échanges franco-japonais (des origines aux années 1950)</i>. Tokyo: Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie Française du Japon. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soie+et+lumi%C3%A8res%3A+l%27%C3%A2ge+d%27or+des+%C3%A9changes+franco-japonais+%28des+origines+aux+ann%C3%A9es+1950%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Chambre+de+Commerce+et+d%27Industrie+Fran%C3%A7aise+du+Japon&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Polak&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeene2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Keene" title="Donald Keene">Keene, Donald</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emperorofjapanme00keen/page/137"><i>Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912</i></a></span>. New York: Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emperorofjapanme00keen/page/137">137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12340-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12340-2"><bdi>978-0-231-12340-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperor+of+Japan%3A+Meiji+and+His+World%2C+1852-1912&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12340-2&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femperorofjapanme00keen%2Fpage%2F137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/46731178">OCLC 46731178</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rice, Daniel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130305175501/http://history.uark.edu/OHR2011.pdf">"The 'Uniform Rule' and its exceptions: a history of Congressional naturalization legislation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ozark Historical Review</i>. <b>40</b>. 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Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96311-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96311-8"><bdi>978-0-275-96311-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Irish+War%2C+1916-1921%3A+A+People%27s+War&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96311-8&rft.au=William+Henry+Kautt&rft.au=William+Kautt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3e9GS8cYrWkC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Crisis_Publishing_Company,_Inc.1980" class="citation book cs1">The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc. 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Oxford. p. ix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maxim+Gorky%2C+the+Writer%3A+An+Interpretation&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Frank+Marshall+Borras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di-pfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._J._Freeman1995" class="citation book cs1">E. J. Freeman (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o9pcAAAAMAAJ"><i>Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac</i></a>. University of Glasgow French and German Publications. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85261-467-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85261-467-9"><bdi>978-0-85261-467-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmond+Rostand%2C+Cyrano+de+Bergerac&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=University+of+Glasgow+French+and+German+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-85261-467-9&rft.au=E.+J.+Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do9pcAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Paola_Pellegrini2012" class="citation book cs1">Laura Paola Pellegrini (April 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PnbQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20"><i>Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux: The novel's evolution and its theatrical and cinematic adaptations in the twentieth century</i></a>. LED Edizioni Universitarie. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7916-584-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7916-584-6"><bdi>978-88-7916-584-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Fant%C3%B4me+de+l%27Op%C3%A9ra+by+Gaston+Leroux%3A+The+novel%27s+evolution+and+its+theatrical+and+cinematic+adaptations+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=LED+Edizioni+Universitarie&rft.date=2012-04-27&rft.isbn=978-88-7916-584-6&rft.au=Laura+Paola+Pellegrini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPnbQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Wasil_Benko1991" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Wasil Benko (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LPAiAQAAIAAJ"><i>Emperor Alexander the First of Russia: A Sketch</i></a>. 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"John Sealy Edward Townsend. 1868-1957". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>3</b>: 256–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1957.0018">10.1098/rsbm.1957.0018</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186208966">186208966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=John+Sealy+Edward+Townsend.+1868-1957&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=256-272&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1957.0018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186208966%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Von+Engel&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRous1947" class="citation journal cs1">Rous, P. 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"Karl Landsteiner. 1868–1943". <i>Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>5</b> (15): 294–324. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1947.0002">10.1098/rsbm.1947.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/769085">769085</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161789667">161789667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Karl+Landsteiner.+1868%E2%80%931943&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=294-324&rft.date=1947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161789667%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F769085%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1947.0002&rft.aulast=Rous&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fiery Ted: Anzac Commander</i> by Michael Smith (2008, Christchurch NZ) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-473-13363-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-473-13363-4">978-0-473-13363-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2005" class="citation news cs1">Lamb, Gregory M. (July 5, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0705/p15s01-bogn.html">"Before computers, there were these humans..."</a> <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Before+computers%2C+there+were+these+humans...&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Gregory+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2005%2F0705%2Fp15s01-bogn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Myers1995" class="citation book cs1">Alan Myers (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_C8gAQAAIAAJ"><i>Myers' Literary Guide: The North East</i></a>. Mid Northumberland Arts Group. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85754-199-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85754-199-1"><bdi>978-1-85754-199-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myers%27+Literary+Guide%3A+The+North+East&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Mid+Northumberland+Arts+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-85754-199-1&rft.au=Alan+Myers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_C8gAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_MartinJasper_Rees2016" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Martin; Jasper Rees (May 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8gtYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT12"><i>Florence Foster Jenkins</i></a>. Pan Macmillan. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-2469-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-2469-4"><bdi>978-1-5098-2469-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Florence+Foster+Jenkins&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft.isbn=978-1-5098-2469-4&rft.au=Nicholas+Martin&rft.au=Jasper+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8gtYCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Claudel1964" class="citation book cs1">Paul Claudel (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4mAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Correspondence, 1899-1926, Between Paul Claudel and André Gide</i></a>. Beacon Press. p. 242.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Correspondence%2C+1899-1926%2C+Between+Paul+Claudel+and+Andr%C3%A9+Gide&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Paul+Claudel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4R4mAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:Assento_de_baptismo_Ant%C3%B3nio_Cabreira_(17Fev1869).png" title="File:Assento de baptismo António Cabreira (17Fev1869).png">Livro de Registo de Baptismos 1869 (folha 15 v.), Paróquia de Santa Maria do Castelo, Tavira</a> – Arquivo Distrital de Faro</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Born, Max, <i>Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, 1868–1951</i>, <i>Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society</i> Volume 8, Number 21, pp. 274–296 (1952)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoran1967" class="citation book cs1">Goran, Morris (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=im24AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Story of Fritz Haber</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-0756-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-0756-1"><bdi>978-0-8061-0756-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Fritz+Haber&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-0756-1&rft.aulast=Goran&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dim24AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEleanor_H_Porter2018" class="citation book cs1">Eleanor H Porter (September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LEjDDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT117"><i>Pollyanna : Om Illustrated Classics</i></a>. Om Books International. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80070-87-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80070-87-2"><bdi>978-93-80070-87-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pollyanna+%3A+Om+Illustrated+Classics&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Om+Books+International&rft.date=2018-09&rft.isbn=978-93-80070-87-2&rft.au=Eleanor+H+Porter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLEjDDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlyn_Shipton2002" class="citation book cs1">Alyn Shipton (February 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o0DRCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13"><i>Jazz Makers: Vanguards of Sound</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-976130-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-976130-2"><bdi>978-0-19-976130-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz+Makers%3A+Vanguards+of+Sound&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002-02-21&rft.isbn=978-0-19-976130-2&rft.au=Alyn+Shipton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do0DRCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon,_Margaret_Maria1881" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Margaret Maria (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sG4BAAAAQAAJ"><i>The home life of sir David Brewster</i></a>. D. Douglas. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sG4BAAAAQAAJ/page/n238">231</a>–236<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+home+life+of+sir+David+Brewster&rft.pages=231-236&rft.pub=D.+Douglas&rft.date=1881&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Margaret+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_sG4BAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Guy_PorterPatrick_Moore1967" class="citation book cs1">John Guy Porter; Patrick Moore (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbc7AAAAMAAJ"><i>Yearbook of Astronomy</i></a>. W. W. Norton. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+Astronomy&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1967&rft.au=John+Guy+Porter&rft.au=Patrick+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkbc7AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Harbutt_Dawson1888" class="citation book cs1">William Harbutt Dawson (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWo9zDq7pOMC&pg=PA25"><i>German Socialism and Ferdinand Lassalle: A Biographical History of German Socialistic Movements During this Century</i></a>. S. Sonnenschein. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-598-44389-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-598-44389-2"><bdi>978-0-598-44389-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Socialism+and+Ferdinand+Lassalle%3A+A+Biographical+History+of+German+Socialistic+Movements+During+this+Century&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=S.+Sonnenschein&rft.date=1888&rft.isbn=978-0-598-44389-2&rft.au=William+Harbutt+Dawson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWo9zDq7pOMC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zJ0JAQAAMAAJ"><i>BBC Music Magazine</i></a>. BBC Magazines. 2000. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BBC+Music+Magazine&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=BBC+Magazines&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzJ0JAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwin_Legrand_Sabin1935" class="citation book cs1">Edwin Legrand Sabin (January 1, 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LANtL9LL2oYC&pg=PA800"><i>Kit Carson Days, 1809-1868: Adventures in the Path of Empire</i></a>. U of Nebraska Press. p. 800. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-9238-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-9238-4"><bdi>0-8032-9238-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kit+Carson+Days%2C+1809-1868%3A+Adventures+in+the+Path+of+Empire&rft.pages=800&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1935-01-01&rft.isbn=0-8032-9238-4&rft.au=Edwin+Legrand+Sabin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLANtL9LL2oYC%26pg%3DPA800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AqpGAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Statistician and Economist: 1st-23d Issue 1876-1905/06</i></a>. L.P. McCarty. 1876. p. 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statistician+and+Economist%3A+1st-23d+Issue+1876-1905%2F06&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=L.P.+McCarty&rft.date=1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAqpGAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranceschetti1999" class="citation book cs1">Franceschetti, Donald (1999). <i>Biographical encyclopedia of mathematicians</i>. New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761470717" title="Special:BookSources/9780761470717"><bdi>9780761470717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+encyclopedia+of+mathematicians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780761470717&rft.aulast=Franceschetti&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Ledger1874" class="citation book cs1">Edward Ledger (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZJAAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA22"><i>The Era Almanack, Dramatic & Musical</i></a>. Era. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Era+Almanack%2C+Dramatic+%26+Musical&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Era&rft.date=1874&rft.au=Edward+Ledger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ZJAAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay1996" class="citation book cs1">Day, Lance (1996). <i>Biographical dictionary of the history of technology</i>. London New York: Routledge. p. 1345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134650194" title="Special:BookSources/9781134650194"><bdi>9781134650194</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+dictionary+of+the+history+of+technology&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pages=1345&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781134650194&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Lance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1868". <i>American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year</i>. <b>8</b>. New York: D. Appleton and Company: 14 v. 1871. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924106392040">2027/coo.31924106392040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Annual+Cyclopedia+and+Register+of+Important+Events+of+the+Year&rft.atitle=American+Annual+Cyclopedia+and+Register+of+Important+Events+of+the+Year+1868&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=14+v&rft.date=1871&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924106392040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1868" class="Z3988"></span> + <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maIoAAAAYAAJ">via Google Books</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1868&oldid=1257267124">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1868&oldid=1257267124</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868" title="Category:1868">1868</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar">Leap years in the Gregorian calendar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2019">Use mdy dates from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mw_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale">Articles using Mw magnitude scale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Croatian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Croatian-language text">Articles containing Croatian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hungarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text">Articles containing Hungarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 01:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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