Synemon ignita sp. nov., a new sun moth species from southern Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Synemon ignita sp. nov., a new sun moth species from southern Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae) | Zootaxa </title> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.6"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="AXEL KALLIES"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="TED EDWARDS"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="ANDY YOUNG"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="FABIAN DOUGLAS"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2016-03-16"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2016-03-16"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2016-03-16"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2016-03-16"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Sun moths (Castniidae) constitute a family of day-flying moths that due to their slim bodies, broad and often richly coloured wings and clubbed antennae closely resemble butterflies. However, despite this superficial similarity, sun moths are not related to butterflies but belong to the diverse cossoid assemblage of lepidopterous families (Edwards et al. 1998). Until recently, Castniidae were assigned to the superfamily Sesioidea (Minet 1991). A molecular study by Mutanen et al. (2010), however, failed to find support for a close relationship of Sesiidae and Castniidae, resulting in the inclusion of both families in a larger concept of Cossoidea (Nieukerken et al. 2011). In contrast, Heikkil et al. (2015) who added considerable morphological data to DNA, recovered Sesioidea as monophyletic, with Sesiidae, Castniidae and Brachodidae as constituent families, yet with low support values. Thus, although the monophyly of Castniidae is well supported, the systematic position of this family is unresolved. "/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="zootaxa.4092.3.10"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="436–444"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.10"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4092.3.10"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2016 Magnolia press"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Zootaxa"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="1175-5334"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="3"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="4092"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://mapress.com/zt"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Castniidae"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="<strong><em>Synemon ignita</em> sp. nov., a new sun moth species from southern Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</strong>"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Correspondence"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Zootaxa"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Zootaxa"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1175-5334"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="AXEL KALLIES"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Melbourne, Department of Zoology, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="TED EDWARDS"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="ANDY YOUNG"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="D'estree Entomology, P.O. Box 17, Kingscote, SA; 5223 Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="FABIAN DOUGLAS"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="P.O. Box 37, Rainbow, 3424 Victoria, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_title" content="<strong><em>Synemon ignita</em> sp. nov., a new sun moth species from southern Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</strong>"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2016/03/16"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="4092"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="436–444"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="436–444"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.10"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4092.3.10"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Lepidoptera"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Castniidae"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.4092.3.10/5187"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="<p class="HeadingRunIn">Braby, M.F<a href="http://search.informit.com.au/search;search=author%3D%22Dunford,M%22;action=doSearch">. &amp; Dunford, M. 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dropdown-item" href="https://mapress.com/zt/Acanthocephala"> Acanthocephala-Editors </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main> <div class="jatsParser__container"> <div class="jatsParser__meta"> <div class="jatsParser__cover-wrapper"> <a href="https://mapress.com/zt/issue/view/zootaxa.4092.3"> <img class="jatsParser__cover" src="https://mapress.com/public/journals/1/cover_issue_4123_en_US.jpg"> </a> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-row"> <div class="jatsParser__meta-section-title"> <span>Issue: <a href="https://mapress.com/zt/issue/view/zootaxa.4092.3"> Vol. 4092 No. 3: 17 Mar. 2016 </a> </span> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-section-title"> <span>Type: Correspondence</span> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-date-published"> <span>Published:<span> <span>2016-03-16</span> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-doi"> <span class="jatsParser__doi-label"> DOI: </span> <span class="jatsParser__meta-doi-value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.10"> 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.10 </a> </span> </div> <div class="pages"> <span>Page range:</span> 436–444 </div> <div class="views"> <span>Abstract views:</span> 88 </div> <div class="views"> <span>PDF downloaded:</span> 3 </div> </div> <h1 class="jatsParser__meta-title"><strong><em>Synemon ignita</em> sp. nov., a new sun moth species from southern Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</strong></h1> <ul class="jatsParser__meta-authors"> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-1"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">AXEL KALLIES</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-2"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">TED EDWARDS</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-3"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">ANDY YOUNG</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-4"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">FABIAN DOUGLAS</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> </ul> <div class="jatsParser__details-authors"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-1"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">University of Melbourne, Department of Zoology, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-2"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-3"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">D'estree Entomology, P.O. Box 17, Kingscote, SA; 5223 Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-4"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">P.O. Box 37, Rainbow, 3424 Victoria, Australia.</div> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__keywords-wrapper"> <div class="jatsParser__keywords-row"> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Lepidoptera</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Castniidae</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__articleView"> <div class="jatsParser__left-article-block"> <div class="article-page__galleys"> <ul class="list-galleys primary-galleys"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf restricted" href="https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4092.3.10/5187"> <span class="pkp_screen_reader"> Requires Subscription or Fee </span> PDF (5MB) </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__center-article-block"> <div class="jatsParser__article-fulltext" id="jatsParserFullText"> <h2 class="article-section-title jatsParser__abstract">Abstract</h2> <p>Sun moths (Castniidae) constitute a family of day-flying moths that due to their slim bodies, broad and often richly coloured wings and clubbed antennae closely resemble butterflies. However, despite this superficial similarity, sun moths are not related to butterflies but belong to the diverse cossoid assemblage of lepidopterous families (Edwards <em>et al</em>. 1998). Until recently, Castniidae were assigned to the superfamily Sesioidea (Minet 1991). A molecular study by Mutanen <em>et al.</em> (2010), however, failed to find support for a close relationship of Sesiidae and Castniidae, resulting in the inclusion of both families in a larger concept of Cossoidea (Nieukerken <em>et al.</em> 2011). In contrast, Heikkil <em>et al</em>. (2015) who added considerable morphological data to DNA, recovered Sesioidea as monophyletic, with Sesiidae, Castniidae and Brachodidae as constituent families, yet with low support values. Thus, although the monophyly of Castniidae is well supported, the systematic position of this family is unresolved.</p><p> </p> <h2 class="article-section-title jatsParser__references">References</h2> <ol class="jatsParser__references-list"> <li><p>Braby, M.F<a href="http://search.informit.com.au/search;search=author%3D%22Dunford,M%22;action=doSearch">. & Dunford, M. (2006) Field observations on the ecology of the golden sun moth, ‘</a><em>Synemon plana</em>’ Walker (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). <em>T<a href="http://search.informit.com.au/browseJournalTitle;res=IELHSS;issn=1320-6133">he Australian Entomologi</a><a href="http://search.informit.com.au/browsePublication;py=2006;vol=33;res=IELHSS;issn=1320-6133;iss=2">st</a></em>, 33 (2), 103–110.</p><p>Common, I.F.B. & Edwards, E.D. (1981) The life history and early stages of <em>Synemon magnifica</em> Strand (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). <em>Journal of the Australian Entomological Society</em>, 20, 295–302.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1981.tb01050.x</p><p>Douglas, F. (2004) A dedicated reserve for conservation of two species of <em>Synemon </em>(Lepidoptera: Castniidae) in Australia.<em>Journal of Insect Conservation</em>, 8 (2), 221–228.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JICO.0000045820.07107.de</p><p>Douglas, F. (2007) The sun-moths (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of Victoria, with a detailed study of the pale sun-moth (<em>Synemon selene</em> Klug, 1850). Masters thesis, University of Ballarat. 323 pp.</p><p>Edwards, E.D. (1996) Castniidae. p. 138. <em>In</em>: Nielsen, E.S., Edwards, E.D. & Rangsi, T.V. <em>Checklist of the Australian Lepidoptera</em>. xiv+529 pp. – CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.</p><p>Edwards, E.D., Gentili, P., Horak, M., Kristensen, N.P. & Nielsen, E.S. (1998) 11. The Cossoid/Sesioid Assemblage pp. 181–197. <em>In:</em> Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, systematics and biogeography. <em>Handbook of Zoology</em>, 4 (35). Lepidoptera. de Gruyter, Berlin, x + 491 pp.</p><p>Fukuda, H. (2000) A new species of the genus <em>Tascina</em> Westwood (Castniidae, Tascininae) from Vietnam. <em>Trans</em>. <em>Lepid</em>. <em>Soc</em>. <em>Japan</em>, 52 (1), 45–48.</p><p>Grund, R. (2011) A new species of <em>Synemon</em> Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) from the Colona Plains, South Australia. <em>Australian Entomologist</em>, 38 (4), 167–178.</p><p>Grund, R. & Stolarski, A. (2012) Taxonomy and biology of <em>Synemon discalis</em> Strand and <em>S. parthenoides</em> R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Castniidea) in South Australia. <em>Australian Entomologist</em>, 39 (3), 121–160.</p><p>Heikkil, M., Mutanen, M., Wahlberg, N., Sihvonen, P. & Kaila, L. (2015) Elusive ditrysian phylogeny: an account of combining systematized morphology with molecular data (Lepidoptera). <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em>, 15, 260.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0</p><p>Kozlov, M.V., Kuznetzov, V.I. & Stekolnikov, A.A. (1998) Skeleto-muscular morphology of the pterothorax and the male genitalia of <em>Synemon plana</em> Walker (Castniidae) and <em>Brachodes appendiculata</em> (Esper) (Brachodidae), with notes on phylogenetic relationships of tortricoid-grade families (Ledpidoptera). <em>Invertebrate Taxonomy</em>, 12, 245–256.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/IT96014</p><p>Minet, J. (1991) Tentative reconstruction of the ditrysian phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Glossata). <em>Entomologica Scandinavica</em>, 22 (1), 69–95.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631291X00327</p><p>Mutanen, M., Wahlberg, N. & Kaila, L. (2010) Comprehensive gene and taxon coverage elucidates radiation patterns in moths and butterflies. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences</em>, <em>277 (1695)</em>,<em> </em><em>2839</em><em>–</em>2848<em>.<br> </em>http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0392</p><p><a href="http://search.informit.com.au/search;search=author%3D%22New,TR%22;action=doSearch">New, T</a><a href="http://search.informit.com.au/search;search=author%3D%22Gibson,L%22;action=doSearch">.R., Gibson,</a><a href="http://search.informit.com.au/search;search=author%3D%22vanPraagh,BD%22;action=doSearch"> L. & van Praagh, B.D. (2007) The Golden Sun-moth ‘</a><em>Synemon Plana</em>’ (Castniidae) on Victoria’s Remnant Southern Native Grasslands. <em><a href="http://search.informit.com.au/browseJournalTitle;res=IELHSS;issn=0042-5184">The Victorian Natural</a><a href="http://search.informit.com.au/browsePublication;py=2007;vol=124;res=IELHSS;issn=0042-5184;iss=4">ist</a></em>, 124 (4), 254–257.</p><p>Nieukerken, E.J. van, Kaila, L., Kitching, I.J., Kristensen, N.P., Lees, D.C., Minet, J., Mitter, C., Mutanen, M., Regier, J.C., Simonsen, T.J., Wahlberg, N., Yen, S.-H., Zahiri, R., Adamski, D., Baixeras, J., Bartsch, D., Bengtsson, B.., Brown, J.W., Bucheli, S.R., Davis, D.R, De Prins, J., De Prins, W., Epstein, M.E., Gentili-Poole, P., Gielis, J.C., Hättenschwiler, P., Hausmann, A., Holloway, J.D., Kallies, A., Karsholt, O., Kawahara, A.Y., Koster, J.C., Kozlov, M.V., Lafontaine, J.D., Lamas, G., Landry, J.-F., Lee, S., Nuss, M., Park, K.-T., Penz, C., Rota, J., Schmidt, B.C., Schintlmeister, A., Sohn, J.-S., Solis, M.A., Tarmann, G.M., Warren, A.D., Weller, S., Yakovlev, R.V., Zolotuhin, V.V. & Zwick, A. (2011) Order Lepidoptera. - <em>In:</em> Zhang, Z-Q (Ed.), <em>Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness</em>. <em>Zootaxa</em>, 3148, 112–121.</p><p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320798001578">O’Dwyer, C.</a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320798001578"> & Attiwill, P.M. (1999) A comparative study of habitats of the Golden Sun Moth </a><em>Synemon plana</em> Walker (Lepidoptera: Castniidae): implications for restoratio<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00063207">n. </a><em>Biological Conservation</em>, 89 (2) 131–141.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00157-8</p><p>Richter, A., Osborne, W., Hnatiuk, S. & Rowell, A. (2013) Moths in fragments: insights into the biology and ecology of the Australian endangered golden sun moth <em>Synemon plana</em> (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) in natural temperate and exotic grassland remnants.<em>Journal of Insect Conservation</em>, <a href="http://link.springer.com/journal/10841/17/6/page/1">17 (6), 1093</a>–1104.<br> http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-013-9589-1</p><p>Williams, M. (2012) Graceful sun-moth – survey results. <em>Western Australian Insect Study Society Newsletter</em>. April 2012, 3–6.</p><p>Williams, M., Bishop, C., Mitchell, D., Williams, A. & Gamblin, T. (2012) Conservation of the graceful sun-moth (<em>Synemon gratiosa</em>): survey results from the Swan, South West and southern Midwest regions 2010–2012: summary report. Department of Environment and Conservation, Kensington, WA. 16 pp.</p><p> </p> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__right-article-block"> <div class="jatsParser__intraarticle-menu"> <div id="jatsParser__navbar-article" class="jatsParser__navbar"> <nav class="jatsParser__navbar-items" id="jatsParser__navbarItems"> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="sidebar row hasUserFooter"> <div class="user_footer col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div><img src="https://mapress.com/j/public/site/images/mapress/mpicon1.gif" alt="" /> </div> <div>ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) & ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)</div> <div>Published by <a href="https://mapress.com/">Magnolia Press</a>, Auckland, New Zealand</div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_subscription"> <h2 class="title">Subscription</h2> <div class="content"> <p>Login to access subscriber-only resources.</p> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_custom" id="customblock-scimagojr"> <h2 class="title pkp_screen_reader">scimagojr</h2> <div class="content"> <p><a title="SCImago Journal & Country Rank" href="https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=4700151916&tip=sid&exact=no"><img src="https://www.scimagojr.com/journal_img.php?id=4700151916" alt="SCImago Journal & Country Rank" border="0"></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/bootstrap/js/popper.min.js?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/js/fontawesome-all.min.js?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/js/main.js?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/js/article.js?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-71881734-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </body>

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Synemon ignita sp. nov., a new sun moth species from southern Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae) | Zootaxa