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Since 2007 it has been subordinate to the [[Development Bureau]]. ==Responsibilities== The department is responsible for [[stormwater]] drainage, [[Sewerage|sewage collection]] and [[Sewage treatment|treatment]], and [[Flood control|flood prevention]]. ==History== Environmental protection was one of the main concerns of former governor [[David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn|David Wilson]].<ref name=scmp1988>{{cite news|title=Ambitious $10 billion sewage plan|work=South China Morning Post|date=13 October 1988|page=8}}</ref> Wilson stressed the importance of better planning, increased control of pollution discharges, and large-scale investment in improved sewage disposal infrastructure. He stated that Hong Kong needed more treatment facilities and new outfalls constructed sufficiently far out to sea, and promoted a new department to help achieve this.<ref name=scmp1988/> The Drainage Services Department was established in 1989. ==Major infrastructure works== ===Harbour Area Treatment Scheme=== The Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) is a major sewage treatment infrastructure improvement scheme designed to improve the water quality of [[Victoria Harbour]]. Originally called the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme, the plan was drawn up in 1989 and construction of HATS Stage 1 commenced in 1994. It comprises a system of deep tunnels to convey sewage from eight Preliminary Treatment Works to the Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Works, which opened in 1997. The full Stage I system, which treats 75% of the sewage generated by the urban areas around the harbour, came online in December 2001. Construction of HATS Stage 2 commenced in 2008, and stage 2A was commissioned in 2015. HATS Stage 2B, comprising an underground biological treatment facility at Stonecutters Island, has been shelved as it is felt that the existing facility is sufficient at this time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Harbour Area Treatment Scheme|url=http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/environment/water/harbourarea.htm|publisher=Hong Kong Government|access-date=7 March 2017|archive-date=30 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230221213/http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/environment/water/harbourarea.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Drainage tunnels=== The department has built several significant bored tunnels designed to intercept water running down mountain slopes and divert it from urban areas in order to prevent flooding. The largest of these is the Hong Kong West Drainage Tunnel, comprising an 11-kilometre long main tunnel and 8&nbsp;km of adits. It stretches from [[Tai Hang]] in the east to an outfall just north of [[Cyberport]]. It was built at a cost of HK$3.4 billion. Construction commenced in November 2007 and the tunnel was commissioned on 22 August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hong Kong West Drainage Tunnel commissioned|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201208/22/P201208210597.htm|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=22 August 2012}}</ref> The Lai Chi Kok Drainage Tunnel encircles [[Sham Shui Po]] and [[Lai Chi Kok]]. It is a 3.7-kilometre tunnel, stretching from Shek Kip Mei to an outfall near [[Stonecutters Island]], built at a cost of $1.7 billion. Construction commenced in November 2008 and the tunnel was commissioned on 18 October 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lai Chi Kok Drainage Tunnel commissioned|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201210/18/P201210180317.htm|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=18 November 2012}}</ref> The Tsuen Wan Drainage Tunnel protects the [[Tsuen Wan New Town]] and [[Kwai Chung]] areas. The 5.1-kilometre tunnel begins at Wo Yi Hop, north of Kwai Chung, and curves around the north of Tsuen Wan proper. Past [[Chai Wan Kok]], it parallels the Tuen Mun Highway a short distance and then empties into the Rambler Channel. Construction of the $1.5 billion tunnel commenced in 2007. It was commissioned on 28 March 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tsuen Wan Drainage Tunnel commissioned|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201303/28/P201303270459.htm|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=28 March 2013}}</ref> ==Vessels== The department operates two sludge transport vessels, called Clean Harbour 1 and Clean Harbour 2. These ships transport sludge from the Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Works to the sludge treatment facility in Tuen Mun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maiden voyage of DSD's sludge vessel Clean Harbour 1|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201503/05/P201503050503.htm|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=5 March 2015}}</ref> The ships are equipped with gantry cranes capable of lifting sludge from the lorries directly into containers on board, and can lift 10 containers per hour. Each ship can carry 90 containers of sludge, a total of 1,200 tons of sludge. The vessels were built by Jinhui Shipbuilding of [[Zhongshan]] and commissioned in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=净港1号顺利下水|url=http://www.jinhuishipyard.com/show.php?id=73|publisher=Jin Hui Ship Repair and Building Factory|date=14 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122233736/http://www.jinhuishipyard.com/show.php?id=73|archive-date=22 November 2015}}</ref> === Clean Harbour 1 === [[File:Clean Harbour 1.jpg|thumb|Clean Harbour 1]] * Category: container ship * Maritime Mobile Service Identification Number: 477 995 437 * IMO No: 9708277 * Official number: HK-4292 * Callsign: VROH7 * Net Tonnage: 657 tons * Gross tonnage: 1971 tons * Commissioning date: 5 March 2015 === Clean Harbour 2 === * Category: container ship * Maritime Mobile Service Identification Number: 477 995 441 * IMO No: 9708289 * Official number: HK-4305 * Callsign: VROJ4 * Net Tonnage: 657 tons * Gross tonnage: 1971 tons * Commissioning date: 5 March 2015 ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book|last1=Fung|first1=K.W.|last2=Lau|first2=Y.W.|last3=Ko|first3=T.K.|last4=Chow|first4=K.K.|title=Sewerage and Flood Protection: Drainage Services 1841-2008|date=2008|publisher=Drainage Services Department|location=Hong Kong|url=http://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Files/publications_publicity/Publications/2008book.pdf}} * {{cite book|last1=Liu|first1=Tik-sang|last2=Lo|first2=Chin-hung|last3=Wu|first3=Sze-ming|editor1-last=Scott|editor1-first=Janet L.|title=Going the Extra Miles|date=2015|publisher=Drainage Services Department|location=Hong Kong|url=http://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Files/publications_publicity/Publications/2014book.pdf}} == External links == {{commons category|Drainage Services Department}} * {{official website|http://www.dsd.gov.hk/}} {{Government of Hong Kong}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Hong Kong government departments and agencies]] [[Category:Water supply and sanitation in Hong Kong]] [[Category:Flood control in Asia]] [[Category:Flood control in 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